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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 38-44 (abril 2012)
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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 38-44 (abril 2012)
Inibição Do Factor Xa
Open Access
Terapêutica anticoagulante e dupla anti-agregação plaquetar combinadas, um desafio à inteligência
Anticoagulants and dual antiplatelet therapy combined, a challenge to our intelligence
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João Morais
Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Leiria, Portugal
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A combinação de antiplaquetares e anticoagulantes, prática comum no contexto das síndromas coronárias agudas, constitui um problema prático importante, envolvendo decisões difíceis, decisões estas pouco suportadas, quer pela falta de estudos clínicos adequados, quer pela lacuna de recomendações firmes neste domínio. O problema agravou-se de forma particular a partir do momento em que praticamente todos os doentes com síndroma coronária aguda são medicados com dupla anti-agregação plaquetar, em especial se tratados com stent medicalizado. Bastará recordar que mais de 10% destes doentes têm ou vão ter fibrilhação auricular, para que a dimensão do problema seja conhecida. No presente trabalho discute-se o beneficio e o risco de uma eventual terapêutica tripla, bem como são apresentados os dados da pouca evidência de que dispomos, quer a nível de estudos clínicos, quer a nível de registos. A evidência sobre a combinação da dupla anti-agregação plaquetar com os novos anticoagulantes orais deriva dos estudos de fase II e III com dabigatrano, apixabano, darexabano e rivaroxabano, apresentando-se os resultados do estudo ATLAS ACS-2 TIMI 51 com este último agente, único estudo de fase III concluído com bons resultados. O autor apresenta ainda algumas das recomendações extraídas do documento de consenso que a este propósito o Working Group on Thrombosis (European Society of Cardiology) publicou.

Palavras-chave:
Síndromas coronárias agudas
Stent coronário
Dupla anti-agregação plaquetária (DAP)
Fibrilhação auricular
Terapêutica anti-trombótica tripla
Novos anticoagulantes orais
Rivaroxabano
Estudo ATLAS ACS-2 TIMI 51
Recomendações europeias
Abstract

The combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, a common practice in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, constitutes an important practical problem involving difficult decisions, that lack support both in terms of clinical evidence (adequate clinical studies are not available) and strong guidelines. The problem was particularly aggravated from the moment when practically all the patients with acute coronary syndromes started to be submitted to double antiplatelet therapy, especially those treated with drug eluting stents. Simply reminding that 10% of these patients have or will have atrial fibrillation gives us the dimension of the problem. In this paper we discuss the benefits and risks of an eventual triple therapy and present the data obtained from the scarce evidence at our disposal, both from clinical studies and registries. The evidence about the combination of the double antiplatelet therapy with the new anticoagulants is derived from the phase II and phase III studies, conducted with dabigatran, apixaban, darexaban and rivaroxaban. The results from the only phase III study concluded with good results, the ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51 study, conducted with rivaroxaban, are presented. The author also presents some of the recommendations extracted from the consensus document published on this matter by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology.

Keywords:
Acute coronary syndromes
Coronary stent
Double antiplatelet therapy (DAP)
Atrial fibrillation
Triple antithrombotic therapy
New oral anticoagulants
Rivaroxaban
ATLAS ACS-2 TIMI 51 study
European guidelines
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