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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 45-50 (abril 2012)
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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 45-50 (abril 2012)
Inibição Do Factor Xa
Open Access
Prevenção e tratamento do tromboembolismo venoso: o lugar dos novos anticoagulantes orais
Prevention and treatment of venous tromboembolism: the place of new oral anticoagulants
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Abílio Reis
Chefe de Serviço de Medicina Interna, Consulta de Doença Vascular Pulmonar, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Porto, Portugal
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O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) constitui ainda um importante problema de saúde pública, pelo seu impacto em termos de morbilidade, mortalidade, consumo de recursos e custos associados. A intervenção farmacológica na prevenção e tratamento da doença está bem definida e é eficaz, mas apresenta alguns inconvenientes, sendo passível de ser melhorada.

Vários novos anticoagulantes orais (ACO) têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos e testados na prevenção e tratamento do tromboembolismo venoso. Os mais estudados são o apixabano, rivaroxabano e edoxabano, inibidores seletivos do fator Xa e o dabigatrano, antagonista da trombina. Todos são administrado por via oral, não têm grande interação com os alimentos ou outras drogas, têm posologia cómoda e em doses fixas, bem como ação previsível, não obrigando, por isso, a monitorização do seu efeito anticoagulante. A maioria deles têm estudos de fase III concluídos e publicados. Alguns estão já aprovados pelas agências europeia e norte-americana do medicamento e recomendados nas guidelines internacionais. O rivaroxabano está já aprovado pela Agência Europeia do Medicamento (EMA) para o tratamento da TVP e a prevenção da recorrência da TVP e EP. Neste artigo, faz-se a revisão da evidência existente, discute-se o lugar dos novos ACO e apontam-se as perspetivas futuras quanto à prevenção e tratamento do TEV.

Palavras-chave:
Tromboembolismo venoso (TEV)
Trombose venosa profunda (TVP)
Embolia pulmonar (EP)
Novos anticoagulantes orais
Prevenção Primária do TEV
Tratamento do TEV agudo
Prevenção secundária do TEV
Apixabano
Rivaroxabano
Edoxabano
Dabigatrano
Abstract

Venous tromboembolism (VTE) is still an important problem of Public Health, due to its impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, resource allocation and associated costs. In the prevention and treatment of VTE, pharmacological therapy is well defined and efficacious but has some inconveniences that leave space for improvement. Several new oral anticoagulants are being developed and tested for the prevention and treatment of VTE. The better studied are the selective Factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban, and the thrombin antagonist dabigatran. They all are orally administrated, don’t have important interactions with food or other drugs, have a convenient fixed-dose regimen and a predictable action, and dispense routine monitoring of their anticoagulant effect. The major part of them has phase III studies concluded and published. Some of them are already approved by de European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended by the international guidelines. Rivaroxaban is approved by the EMA for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and for the prevention of recurrences of DVT and pulmonary embolism. In this article the available evidences are reviewed, the place of the new oral anticoagulants is discussed and future perspectives regarding the prevention and treatment of VTE are outlined.

Keywords:
Venous tromboembolism (VTE)
Deep venous thrombosis (DVP)
Pulmonar embolism (PE)
New oral anticoagulants
Primary prevention of VTE
Treatment of acute VTE
Secondary prevention of VTE
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran
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