array:26 [
  "pii" => "S0870255116302980"
  "issn" => "08702551"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2016.08.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-03-01"
  "aid" => "908"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2016"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36:179-86"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 11929
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 285
      "HTML" => 10389
      "PDF" => 1255
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2174204917300211"
      "issn" => "21742049"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2016.08.006"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-03-01"
      "aid" => "908"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36:179-86"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4599
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 204
          "HTML" => 3685
          "PDF" => 710
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Association of types of dyspnea including &#8216;bendopnea&#8217; with cardiopulmonary disease in primary care"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "pt"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "179"
            "paginaFinal" => "186"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Diana Mar&#237;a Mart&#237;nez Cer&#243;n, Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa, Ant&#244;nio Jose Lagoeiro Jorge, Wolney de Andrade Martins, Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Monica Di Calafriori Freire, Dayse Mary da Silva Correia, Hye Chung Kang"
            "autores" => array:8 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Diana Mar&#237;a"
                "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez Cer&#243;n"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Maria Luiza"
                "apellidos" => "Garcia Rosa"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Ant&#244;nio Jose"
                "apellidos" => "Lagoeiro Jorge"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Wolney"
                "apellidos" => "de Andrade Martins"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Evandro"
                "apellidos" => "Tinoco Mesquita"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Monica"
                "apellidos" => "Di Calafriori Freire"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Dayse Mary"
                "apellidos" => "da Silva Correia"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Hye Chung"
                "apellidos" => "Kang"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0870255116302980"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2016.08.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255116302980?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204917300211?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21742049/0000003600000003/v1_201703240113/S2174204917300211/v1_201703240113/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0870255116303249"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2016.10.005"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-03-01"
    "aid" => "913"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36:187-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4833
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 223
        "HTML" => 4007
        "PDF" => 603
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Coment&#225;rio editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Flexopneia&#58; um novo sintoma a utilizar no diagn&#243;stico diferencial de patologias cr&#243;nicas cardiopulmonares&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "187"
          "paginaFinal" => "188"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bendopnea&#58; A new symptom for the differential diagnosis of chronic cardiopulmonary disease&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana Teresa"
              "apellidos" => "Tim&#243;teo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2174204917300223"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.01.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204917300223?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255116303249?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003600000003/v1_201703130910/S0870255116303249/v1_201703130910/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0870255117300239"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.01.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-03-01"
    "aid" => "952"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36:177-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2733
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 205
        "HTML" => 2008
        "PDF" => 520
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Coment&#225;rio editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Referenciar ou n&#227;o referenciar para reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca ap&#243;s s&#237;ndroma coron&#225;ria aguda"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "177"
          "paginaFinal" => "178"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "To be or not to be referred for cardiac rehabilitation after acute coronary syndrome"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jorge Ferreira"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jorge"
              "apellidos" => "Ferreira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S217420491730020X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.01.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217420491730020X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117300239?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003600000003/v1_201703130910/S0870255117300239/v1_201703130910/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S0870255116303249"
      "issn" => "08702551"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2016.10.005"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-03-01"
      "aid" => "913"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "dis"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36:187-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4833
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 223
          "HTML" => 4007
          "PDF" => 603
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Coment&#225;rio editorial</span>"
        "titulo" => "Flexopneia&#58; um novo sintoma a utilizar no diagn&#243;stico diferencial de patologias cr&#243;nicas cardiopulmonares&#63;"
        "tienePdf" => "pt"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "187"
            "paginaFinal" => "188"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Bendopnea&#58; A new symptom for the differential diagnosis of chronic cardiopulmonary disease&#63;"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo"
            "autores" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Ana Teresa"
                "apellidos" => "Tim&#243;teo"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2174204917300223"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.01.003"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204917300223?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255116303249?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/08702551/0000003600000003/v1_201703130910/S0870255116303249/v1_201703130910/pt/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "pt" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>"
    "titulo" => "Associa&#231;&#227;o dos tipos de dispneia e da &#8220;flexopneia&#8221; com as patologias cardiopulmonares nos cuidados de sa&#250;de prim&#225;rios"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "179"
        "paginaFinal" => "186"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Diana Mar&#237;a Mart&#237;nez Cer&#243;n, Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa, Ant&#244;nio Jose Lagoeiro Jorge, Wolney de Andrade Martins, Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Monica Di Calafriori Freire, Dayse Mary da Silva Correia, Hye Chung Kang"
        "autores" => array:8 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Diana Mar&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez Cer&#243;n"
            "email" => array:2 [
              0 => "mcdianamaria&#64;gmail&#46;com"
              1 => "manuelita&#95;m16&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Maria Luiza"
            "apellidos" => "Garcia Rosa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ant&#244;nio Jose"
            "apellidos" => "Lagoeiro Jorge"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Wolney"
            "apellidos" => "de Andrade Martins"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Evandro"
            "apellidos" => "Tinoco Mesquita"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Monica"
            "apellidos" => "Di Calafriori Freire"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Dayse Mary"
            "apellidos" => "da Silva Correia"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Hye Chung"
            "apellidos" => "Kang"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestat&#237;stica&#44; Universidade Federal Fluminense&#44; Niter&#243;i&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica&#44; Universidade Federal Fluminense&#44; Niter&#243;i&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Fundamentos de Enfermagem e Administra&#231;&#227;o&#44; Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa&#44; Universidade Federal Fluminense&#44; Niter&#243;i&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Patologia&#44; Universidade Federal Fluminense&#44; Niter&#243;i&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspond&#234;ncia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Association of types of dyspnea including &#8216;bendopnea&#8217; with cardiopulmonary disease in primary care"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A dispneia &#233; um sintoma frequentemente relatado por idosos&#44; com preval&#234;ncia estimada entre 20&#8208;60&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; &#201; o sintoma mais comum em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#44; entretanto com baixa especificidade&#44; posto que tamb&#233;m &#233; referido em doen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas prevalentes como doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica &#40;DPOC&#41;&#44; depress&#227;o&#44; obesidade&#44; anemia e doen&#231;a coronariana ateroscler&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A dispneia tem fisiopatologia complexa com v&#225;rias etiologias e mecanismos distintos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;8</span></a>&#46; Dentre os v&#225;rios tipos de dispneia&#44; os mais frequentes s&#227;o a dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; a dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna &#40;DPN&#41;&#44; a ortopneia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> e&#44; recentemente&#44; foi descrita entre os pacientes com IC a &#171;flexopneia&#187;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; &#171;Flexopneia&#187;&#44; termo livremente adaptado de &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bendopnea</span>&#187;&#44; em ingl&#234;s&#44; que descreve a dispneia presente na anteflex&#227;o do t&#243;rax<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Sup&#245;e&#8208;se que esta &#250;ltima se correlaciona com um aumento dos &#237;ndices de press&#245;es de enchimento do lado esquerdo na ecocardiografia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a associa&#231;&#227;o da dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; ortopneia&#44; DPN e flexopneia com as doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis e&#44; especialmente&#44; com a IC e seus fen&#243;tipos na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trata&#8208;se de um estudo transversal que integra o Estudo Digitalis&#44; que incluiu 633 adultos de 45&#8208;99 anos&#44; cadastrados no Programa M&#233;dico de Fam&#237;lia de Niter&#243;i&#44; estado do Rio de Janeiro&#44; Brasil&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos foram sorteados&#44; convidados a participar&#44; conforme estrat&#233;gia previamente definida e que cuja amostra representasse a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46; Os dados foram coletados de julho de 2011 a dezembro de 2012&#46; Todos os indiv&#237;duos selecionados foram convidados a comparecer &#224; unidade de sa&#250;de pr&#243;xima a sua resid&#234;ncia&#46; Foi realizada entrevista com question&#225;rio estruturado&#59; coleta de sangue e urina para exames complementares&#59; consulta m&#233;dica&#44; de enfermagem e de nutri&#231;&#227;o&#59; mensura&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41;&#59; eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma&#59; todos em &#250;nico dia&#46; O desenho do estudo e os resultados do estudo principal est&#227;o publicados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A PA foi medida utilizando o aparelho digital da marca OMRON 711 HC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> e foram realizadas tr&#234;s medidas com intervalo de um minuto&#44; com o paciente sentado&#44; o bra&#231;o apoiado na altura do cora&#231;&#227;o&#46; No caso de diferen&#231;a maior do que 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#44; foi realizado uma quarta medida&#46; A m&#233;dia da PA foi obtida descartando a primeira medida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram classificados como portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica &#40;HAS&#41; os indiv&#237;duos que responderam sim &#224; pergunta 14&#46;4 do Question&#225;rio Digitalis&#44; estavam em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o para HAS&#44; ou apresentavam a m&#233;dia da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou a m&#233;dia da press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46; Pacientes com diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de HAS foram considerados controlados quando apresentavam a PA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram utilizados dois equipamentos para realiza&#231;&#227;o dos exames de ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual &#40;EDT&#41; &#40;Cypress20 Acuson&#47;Siemens&#47;AU&#8208;3 Partner da Esaote&#41;&#44; que foram realizados por dois ecocardiografistas experientes&#44; sem o conhecimento pr&#233;vio dos resultados dos outros exames&#46; Os exames foram realizados segundo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es para quantifica&#231;&#227;o de c&#226;maras da ASE&#47;EAE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica foi avaliada pela medida da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#40;FEVE&#41;&#44; pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson e pelo estiramento do eixo longitudinal &#40;S&#8217;&#41;&#46; A medida do volume da aur&#237;cula esquerda &#40;VAE&#41; foi obtida atrav&#233;s do m&#233;todo biplanar de discos &#40;regra de Simpson modificada&#41;&#44; com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do corte apical quatro e duas c&#226;maras em s&#237;stole ventricular esquerda final&#44; indexado a superf&#237;cie corporal&#46; Os par&#226;metros da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica foram estimados pela m&#233;dia de cinco batimentos consecutivos&#46; O fluxo transmitral inicial &#40;E&#41; e tardio &#40;A&#41; e o tempo de desacelera&#231;&#227;o da onda E foram medidos&#46; A velocidade do relaxamento mioc&#225;rdico no in&#237;cio da di&#225;stole &#40;E&#8216;&#41; foi medida pelo EDT no segmento septal do anel mitral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os quatro tipos de dispneia foram considerados desfechos para o presente estudo&#46; Sua presen&#231;a foi definida quando as respostas &#224;s perguntas foram positivas&#58; &#40;1&#41; dispneia aos esfor&#231;os &#8211; &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sente falta de ar com o esfor&#231;o&#63;&#187;</span>&#59; &#40;2&#41; ortopneia &#8211; &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sente falta de ar quando se deita&#63;</span>&#187;&#59; &#40;3&#41; DPN &#8211; &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acorda no meio da noite&#44; depois de cerca de quatro horas de estar dormindo&#44; com falta de ar&#63;&#187;</span>&#59; e &#40;4&#41; flexopneia &#8211; &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Voc&#234; tem dificuldade para curvar&#8208;se&#44; ajoelhar&#8208;se ou dobrar&#8208;se&#63;</span>&#187;&#44; com as op&#231;&#245;es de resposta &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dificulta um pouco</span>&#187; ou &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dificulta muito&#187;</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico de IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida &#40;ICFER&#41; foi confirmado em indiv&#237;duos com hist&#243;ria de IC&#44; ou na presen&#231;a de sinais ou sintomas de IC e FEVE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada &#40;ICFEP&#41; foi confirmado em indiv&#237;duos com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de IC e FEVE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; com presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ICFEP foi definida de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia&#46; Inclu&#237;ram a presen&#231;a de sinais ou sintomas de IC&#44; FEVE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#44; volume diast&#243;lico final indexado do VE &#40;VDF &#8211; I&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> e presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Evid&#234;ncias diagn&#243;sticas de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica foram obtidas pelo EDT&#44; pela presen&#231;a da rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;E&#8217;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46; Se E&#47;E&#8217; fosse sugestiva de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica &#40;entre 8&#8208;15&#41;&#44; outras medidas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas deveriam ser utilizadas para confirmar o diagn&#243;stico como massa do VE indexada &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>122 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>149<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> para mulheres e homens respectivamente&#41;&#44; VAE indexado &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;5 com tempo de desacelera&#231;&#227;o de E<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>280<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#46; Um eletrocardiograma com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial na presen&#231;a de rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;E&#8217; entre 8&#8208;15 tamb&#233;m confirmaria o diagn&#243;stico de ICFEP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico de ICFER foi confirmado em indiv&#237;duos com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de IC e FEVE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos sem hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via&#44; por&#233;m na presen&#231;a de sinais e ou sintomas de IC&#44; no momento da inclus&#227;o no estudo&#44; classe <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span> ou superior da NYHA&#44; BNP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml e com FEVE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; tamb&#233;m foram considerados como portadores de ICFER&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a de DPOC foi definida pela hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via da doen&#231;a informada pelo paciente durante sua avalia&#231;&#227;o a partir da resposta positiva &#224; pergunta&#58; &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">algum m&#233;dico j&#225; lhe disse que o senhor &#40;a&#41; teve&#8230;&#63;&#187;&#46;</span> A defini&#231;&#227;o de anemia foi valor hemoglobina de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo masculino e de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para os de sexo feminino<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Para o rastreamento da depress&#227;o&#44; utilizou&#8208;se o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient Health Questionnaire&#8208;9</span> &#40;PHQ&#8208;9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; validado para sua aplica&#231;&#227;o no Brasil&#46; Foram classificados como indiv&#237;duos com depress&#227;o aqueles que tiveram escores 3&#44; 4 ou 5 &#40;depress&#227;o moderada&#44; moderada a grave e grave&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos foram pesados e medidos para c&#225;lculo do &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; pela f&#243;rmula peso&#47;altura ao quadrado&#44; tendo sido considerados como obesos aqueles que apresentaram IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Foram classificados hipertensos os indiv&#237;duos que responderam sim &#224; pergunta &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Algum m&#233;dico j&#225; lhe disse que senhor &#40;a&#41; tem hipertens&#227;o &#40;press&#227;o alta&#41;&#63;</span>&#187;&#59; estavam em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o para HAS&#44; ou apresentaram a m&#233;dia da PAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou a m&#233;dia da PAD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; A diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> foi definida pela hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via conforme resposta &#224; pergunta &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Algum m&#233;dico j&#225; lhe disse que o senhor &#40;a&#41; tem diabetes &#40;a&#231;&#250;car alto no sangue&#41;&#63;</span>&#187;&#59; indiv&#237;duos cuja glicemia de jejum foi<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>126<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; e aqueles que relataram o uso de hipoglicemiantes orais e&#47;ou insulina foram consideradas diab&#233;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS v 21&#46;0 &#40;Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Para compara&#231;&#227;o entre grupos empregaram&#8208;se os testes qui&#8208;quadrado&#44; com corre&#231;&#227;o de continuidade quando necess&#225;rio&#44; ou o teste exato de Fisher&#46; Os resultados foram apresentados em raz&#227;o de chances de preval&#234;ncia &#40;OR&#41; brutas e ajustadas com seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#44; estimados por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi estabelecida em 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O protocolo do estudo foi submetido ao Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina&#47;Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ant&#244;nio Pedro e aprovado sob n&#250;mero CAAE&#58; 0077&#46;0&#46;258&#46;000&#8208;10&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram estudados 633 volunt&#225;rios cadastrados no Programa M&#233;dico de Fam&#237;lia&#44; com maioria de mulheres &#40;61&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#59; de indiv&#237;duos com idade entre 45&#8208;69 anos &#40;80&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#59; renda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>278&#44;77 &#40;75&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#59; e de hipertensos &#40;72&#44;7&#37;&#41; &#40;ver <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A dispneia esteve presente em 43&#44;8&#37; dos volunt&#225;rios e&#44; entre eles&#44; os tipos mais prevalentes foram a dispneia aos esfor&#231;os &#40;26&#44;5&#37;&#41; e a flexopneia &#40;26&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; a ortopneia teve uma preval&#234;ncia de 8&#44;8&#37;&#44; e a DPN de 7&#44;1&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tabelas 2 e 3</a> apresentam as raz&#245;es de chances brutas de dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; ortopneia&#44; DPN e flexopneia&#44; segundo as comorbidades&#46; A DPOC se associou com dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; ortopneia e DPN&#44; mas n&#227;o com a flexopneia&#46; A depress&#227;o foi a &#250;nica comorbidade que mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o com todos os tipos de dispneia&#44; com OR que variaram de 2&#44;68&#8208;4&#44;19&#46; A IC esteve significativamente associada com DPN e flexopneia&#46; A ICFEP associou&#8208;se com todas as vari&#225;veis&#44; exceto com a dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#46; A ICFER n&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o com quaisquer das dispneias&#44; embora apresentasse um OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 com a DPN&#44; devido&#44; provavelmente&#44; ao pequeno n&#250;mero de participantes com essa condi&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabela 4</a> apresenta os resultados dos modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla&#44; nos quais foram inclu&#237;das todas as vari&#225;veis que na an&#225;lise bivariada atingiram p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1&#46; Foram constru&#237;dos modelos separados para IC e ICFEP&#46; Ap&#243;s o ajuste&#44; a IC manteve a associa&#231;&#227;o apenas com a DPN&#44; OR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&#44; 3&#44;68 &#40;1&#44;43&#8208;9&#44;46&#41;&#46; Com a flexopneia&#44; a IC manteve associa&#231;&#227;o com OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;84 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1&#41;&#44; por&#233;m perdeu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1&#41;&#46; A ICFEP perdeu signific&#226;ncia com os tr&#234;s tipos de dispneia inclu&#237;dos na regress&#227;o log&#237;stica depois do ajuste&#59; no entanto&#44; os OR foram &#40;3&#44;15&#41; para e &#40;2&#44;04&#41; para flexopneia&#44; com signific&#226;ncia &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1&#41;&#46; A depress&#227;o mostrou forte associa&#231;&#227;o com os cinco modelos analisados na regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#44; com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; A DPOC apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o importante com a ortopneia&#44; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;86&#44; quando inclu&#237;da ICFEP&#44; mas apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o com OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 com DPN para os dois modelos &#40;IC e ICFEP&#41;&#46; A idade se mostrou como fator protetor para DPN e sem associa&#231;&#227;o com a flexopneia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; o mapeamento dos diferentes tipos de dispneia com as condi&#231;&#245;es mais prevalentes nos adultos e idosos mostrou um padr&#227;o&#46; A DPOC apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o bruta e forte com a dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; com a ortopneia e com a DPN&#44; e associa&#231;&#227;o fraca e n&#227;o significativa com a flexopneia&#46; O oposto ocorreu com a IC e a ICFEP que apresentaram maiores associa&#231;&#245;es brutas com a flexopneia&#46; Outro dado importante foi a fraca associa&#231;&#227;o da ICFER com os tipos de dispneia&#44; excetuando a DPN&#46; &#201; amplamente descrito na literatura que&#44; al&#233;m da IC&#44; a DPOC &#233; uma causa prevalente de dispneia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A DPN &#233; considerada um crit&#233;rio maior de Framingham para o diagn&#243;stico de IC e tamb&#233;m faz parte dos crit&#233;rios de Boston<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#46; O sintoma &#233; causado pela diminui&#231;&#227;o da capacidade do cora&#231;&#227;o para encher e esvaziar&#44; produzindo elevadas press&#245;es nos vasos sangu&#237;neos pulmonares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46; Albert et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> avaliaram 276 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IC e reportaram preval&#234;ncia de DPN autorrelatada de 23&#44;6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 14&#44;1&#37;&#44; encontrado no presente estudo&#46; A maior preval&#234;ncia do sintoma encontrada no estudo de Albert et al&#46; pode ser explicada pela inclus&#227;o de pacientes ambulatoriais e hospitalizados&#46; O estudo aqui apresentado incluiu somente pacientes ambulatoriais&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo publicado por Thibodeau et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; conduzido com 102 indiv&#237;duos com ICFER&#44; encontrou uma preval&#234;ncia de flexopneia de 29 contra 37&#44;9&#37; no nosso estudo&#46; O estudo de Thibodeau et al&#46; mostrou que os pacientes com flexopneia t&#234;m um perfil hemodin&#226;mico caracterizado por maior press&#227;o de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e diminui&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice card&#237;aco&#46; A discrep&#226;ncia entre as preval&#234;ncias do estudo Thibodeau et al&#46; e o aqui apresentado pode ser justificada&#44; uma vez que utilizamos somente a resposta &#224; pergunta sobre a dificuldade de dobrar&#8208;se e ajoelhar&#8208;se para identificar a flexopneia&#44; m&#233;todo menos espec&#237;fico que o do estudo citado &#40;sentir falta de ar em qualquer intervalo de tempo no per&#237;odo que compreende at&#233; 30 segundos&#44; sentado em uma cadeira curvando&#8208;se sobre si mesmo&#44; como para se cal&#231;ar&#41;&#46; Thibodeau et al&#46; n&#227;o investigaram pacientes com ICFEP&#46; No presente estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de flexopneia em pacientes com ICFEP foi superior &#224;quela de pacientes com ICFER &#40;51&#44;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 37&#44;9&#37;&#41; e a associa&#231;&#227;o se manteve na an&#225;lise ajustada embora com um valor de p entre 0&#44;05&#8208;0&#44;1&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A depress&#227;o foi a &#250;nica vari&#225;vel que na an&#225;lise bruta mostrou forte associa&#231;&#227;o com as quatro dispneias e&#44; na an&#225;lise ajustada&#44; com os tr&#234;s tipos de dispneia analisados&#46; A associa&#231;&#227;o entre ansiedade e depress&#227;o e sintomas respirat&#243;rios encontra embasamento em evid&#234;ncias amplamente descritas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a>&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o de causa e efeito entre os fatores psicol&#243;gicos e dispneia ainda n&#227;o &#233; totalmente esclarecida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; H&#225; ind&#237;cios de que a dispneia pode induzir desordens psiqui&#225;tricas&#44; enquanto outros estudos indicam que as doen&#231;as psicol&#243;gicas&#44; principalmente a depress&#227;o&#44; intensificam a sensa&#231;&#227;o subjetiva de dispneia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;34</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de alguns aspectos diferentes&#44; os processos fisiopatol&#243;gicos da DPOC e a IC se sobrep&#245;em e os sintomas cl&#237;nicos e sinais frequentemente tamb&#233;m<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#59; al&#233;m disso&#44; os pacientes com DPOC e IC compartilham muitos termos para descrever a falta de ar e experimentam dispneia com uma frequ&#234;ncia similar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;36&#44;37</span></a>&#44; o que contribui para a dificuldade em diferenciar as duas doen&#231;as&#46; No presente estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia das duas doen&#231;as autorreferidas foi baixa &#40;IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;2 e DPOC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;5&#37;&#41; e somente tr&#234;s &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41; dos 52 indiv&#237;duos que afirmaram terem tido diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de IC&#44; disseram ter tido diagn&#243;stico de DPOC&#44; o que &#233; concordante com resultados de estudos na comunidade&#44; que relataram preval&#234;ncias de DPOC em pacientes com IC variando entre 7&#8208;13&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; na an&#225;lise bruta&#44; os pacientes com IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> mostraram maior chance de apresentar dispneia aos esfor&#231;os e flexopneia&#46; Na an&#225;lise ajustada&#44; a associa&#231;&#227;o manteve&#8208;se s&#243; com a flexopneia&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a circunfer&#234;ncia de cintura<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94 para homens e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80 para mulheres esteve significativamente associada com a flexopneia na an&#225;lise bruta&#46; A associa&#231;&#227;o da obesidade com a dispneia &#233; descrita na literatura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46; Os mecanismos envolvidos na dispneia em obesos incluem volume pulmonar expirat&#243;rio final reduzido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> e o aumento do trabalho respirat&#243;rio em um determinado n&#237;vel de esfor&#231;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#46; No estudo de Thibodeau et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; os pacientes com flexopneia tamb&#233;m tiveram IMC mais elevado do que aqueles sem flexopneia&#44; o que pode ter agravado seu desconforto ao se dobrarem&#46; De modo semelhante&#44; no presente estudo houve maior preval&#234;ncia de IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> na flexopneia&#44; quando comparado com os outros tipos de dispneia&#46; A monitoriza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica invasiva realizada no estudo de Thibodeau et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> mostrou que a anteflex&#227;o produzia maior retorno venoso e press&#245;es de enchimento&#44; provocando falta de ar&#46; Os autores ressaltam que os obesos apresentaram press&#227;o de enchimento mais elevada antes de se dobrarem&#44; tendo&#44; portanto&#44; mais chances de alcan&#231;ar a press&#227;o limiar necess&#225;ria para provocar sintomas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo utilizou o autorrelato para definir algumas vari&#225;veis importantes&#44; tais como DPOC&#59; a acur&#225;cia do autorrelato de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas &#233; geralmente satisfat&#243;ria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;43</span></a>&#46; A refer&#234;ncia a diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico pr&#233;vio pelo pr&#243;prio paciente &#233; um m&#233;todo que j&#225; foi validado atrav&#233;s de estudos cl&#237;nicos em outros pa&#237;ses&#44; tanto para homens como para mulheres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; No Brasil&#44; o inqu&#233;rito domiciliar sobre comportamentos de risco e morbidade referida de doen&#231;as e agravos n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis tamb&#233;m utilizou esta metodologia para estabelecer a preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#46; Uma importante vantagem do uso do autorrelato &#233; que este tipo de coleta de dados aumenta as possibilidades de compara&#231;&#227;o internacional dos resultados de estudos&#44; porque existem diferen&#231;as substanciais entre as estruturas dos cuidados de sa&#250;de em diferentes pa&#237;ses&#44; a informa&#231;&#227;o dos registros m&#233;dicos muitas vezes n&#227;o s&#227;o facilmente compar&#225;veis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Para a DPOC existem relatos de boa acur&#225;cia&#44; entretanto com subestimativa de preval&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46; Estas observa&#231;&#245;es levam a afirmar que as an&#225;lises apresentadas aqui t&#234;m um bom n&#237;vel de reprodutibilidade&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Seu desenho transversal impede que seja estabelecido que a dispneia ocorresse como consequ&#234;ncia da IC ou de outras comorbidades&#46; Tamb&#233;m &#233; necess&#225;rio lembrar que&#44; para a defini&#231;&#227;o de flexopneia&#44; utilizou&#8208;se uma defini&#231;&#227;o diferente do teste proposto por Thibodeau et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; que parece ter maior especificidade&#46; Ou seja&#44; no presente estudo&#44; indiv&#237;duos apenas com dificuldades osteomusculares podem ter sido classificados positivos para flexopneia&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; a quest&#227;o &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sente falta de ar com o esfor&#231;o</span>&#187; que n&#227;o contemplou o fator temporal pode ter exclu&#237;do indiv&#237;duos com este tipo de sintoma que&#44; no momento do question&#225;rio&#44; estavam compensados e menos sintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o da exist&#234;ncia de DPOC sem estudos respirat&#243;rios objetivos &#233; outro limite do estudo&#44; por&#233;m&#44; existe o fato de serem indiv&#237;duos monitorados pelo m&#233;dico de fam&#237;lia e&#44; no geral&#44; conhecem melhor sua condi&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pode ter havido uma superestima&#231;&#227;o da preval&#234;ncia de diab&#233;ticos uma vez que n&#227;o foi realizada uma segunda medida da glicemia&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devido ao fato de apenas 22 indiv&#237;duos apresentarem DPOC&#44; 35 ICFEP e 29 ICFER&#44; os achados sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica podem refletir falta de poder&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A flexopneia foi o &#250;nico tipo de dispneia que n&#227;o se associou &#224;s doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias e &#224; doen&#231;a coronariana ateroscler&#243;tica&#46; Mesmo ap&#243;s o controle pela depress&#227;o e IMC&#44; a flexopneia manteve associa&#231;&#227;o com a IC e com a ICFEP&#44; mostrando&#8208;se como um sintoma promissor para diferenciar a IC dos outros dois grupos de doen&#231;a&#46; O comportamento dessas associa&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m pode contribuir para a melhor triagem de pacientes com suspeita de IC e consequente encaminhamento para investiga&#231;&#227;o</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que para esta investiga&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se realizaram experi&#234;ncias em seres humanos e&#47;ou animais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Confidencialidade dos dados</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter recebido consentimento escrito dos pacientes e&#47;ou sujeitos mencionados no artigo&#46; O autor para correspond&#234;ncia deve estar na posse deste documento&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres812987"
          "titulo" => "Resumo"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec810361"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres812988"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Introduction"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0045"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0050"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec810362"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Resultados"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Discuss&#227;o"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
        ]
        9 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Responsabilidades &#233;ticas"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Confidencialidade dos dados"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflito de interesses"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-02-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-08-26"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec810361"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca"
            1 => "Cuidados de sa&#250;de prim&#225;rios"
            2 => "Dispneia"
            3 => "Dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna"
            4 => "Flexopneia"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec810362"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Heart failure"
            1 => "Primary care"
            2 => "Dyspnea"
            3 => "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea"
            4 => "Bendopnea"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A dispneia &#233; o sintoma mais comummente reportado por pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; doen&#231;as pulmonares&#44; obesos e idosos&#46; Recentemente&#44; a dispneia na anteflex&#227;o do t&#243;rax &#8722; flexopneia &#8722; foi descrita entre os pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar a associa&#231;&#227;o da dispneia aos esfor&#231;os&#44; ortopneia&#44; dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna e flexopneia com as doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis e&#44; especialmente&#44; com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e seus fen&#243;tipos na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal que incluiu 633 indiv&#237;duos de 45&#8208;99 anos&#44; sorteados entre os cadastrados no programa M&#233;dico de Fam&#237;lia de Niter&#243;i&#44; Brasil&#46; Os participantes foram submetidos a question&#225;rio estruturado&#44; avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma&#44; em &#250;nico dia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna e a flexopneia apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca antes do ajuste &#40;ORb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;42&#59; IC 95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;10&#8208;5&#44;29 e ORb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;59&#59; IC 95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;52&#8208;4&#44;44&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Nos modelos m&#250;ltiplos&#44; a doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">angina pectoris</span> e o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o mostraram associa&#231;&#227;o com a flexopneia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A flexopneia foi a &#250;nica que n&#227;o se associou com as doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias e as doen&#231;as coronarianas&#46; Mesmo ap&#243;s o controle pela depress&#227;o e &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#44; manteve associa&#231;&#227;o com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#44; mostrando&#8208;se como um sintoma promissor para diferenciar a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca dos outros dois grupos de doen&#231;a&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dyspnea is the symptom most commonly reported by patients with heart failure &#40;HF&#41; and&#47;or pulmonary disease&#44; the obese and the elderly&#46; Recently &#8216;bendopnea&#8217; &#40;shortness of breath when bending forward&#41; has been described in patients with HF&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objective</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the association of exertional dyspnea&#44; orthopnea&#44; paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and bendopnea with chronic disease&#44; especially heart failure&#44; and their phenotypes in primary care&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This cross&#8208;sectional study included 633 individuals aged between 45 and 99 years enrolled in a primary care program in Niteroi&#44; Brazil&#46; Participants underwent clinical assessment and laboratory tests and completed a questionnaire&#44; all on the same day&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and bendopnea were associated with HF &#40;unadjusted OR 2&#46;42&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;10&#8208;5&#46;29 and OR 2&#46;59&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;52&#8208;4&#46;44&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; In multivariate models&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44; coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction were not associated with bendopnea&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bendopnea was the only type of dyspnea not linked to respiratory disease or coronary heart disease&#46; Even after adjusting for depression and body mass index&#44; the association remained with HF with or without preserved ejection fraction&#44; and bendopnea thus appears to be a promising symptom to differentiate HF from the other two disease groups&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anemia&#58; hemoglobina de 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para adultos do sexo masculino e de 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para os de sexo feminino&#59; DPOC&#58; doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica&#59; HAS&#58; hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sexo feminino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">391</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">61&#44;8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cor de pele</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o branca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Branca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escolaridade</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At&#225; 4&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> s&#233;rie&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">269&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> s&#233;rie&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">362&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8364;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>278&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">470&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>278&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">190&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">439&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Circunfer&#234;ncia de cintura</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">471&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anemia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DPOC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Depress&#227;o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">460&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1365247.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas de volunt&#225;rios na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; anemia&#58; hemoglobina de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo masculino e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo feminino&#59; DPOC&#58; doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica&#59; HAS&#58; hipertens&#227;o arterial&#59; ORb&#58; raz&#227;o de chance bruta&#59; &#40;&#42;&#41; valor de p &#40;&#42;&#41; valor de p &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; ICFEP&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#59; ICFER&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida&#46; Valor de p &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 &#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dispneia aos esfor&#231;os</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ortopneia</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sim n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORb &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sim n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORb &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;69 &#40;1&#44;16&#8208;2&#44;46&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;69 &#40;0&#44;96&#8208;2&#44;97&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;34&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125 &#40;65&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;12&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">167 &#40;87&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103 &#40;23&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">336 &#40;76&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">406 &#40;92&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Circunfer&#234;ncia de cintura</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;23 &#40;0&#44;81&#8208;1&#44;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;78 &#40;0&#44;85&#8208;3&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;27&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">341 &#40;72&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;9&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">425 &#40;90&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;23&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120 &#40;76&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">148 &#40;94&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anemia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;85 &#40;0&#44;46&#8208;1&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;31 &#40;0&#44;07&#8208;1&#44;30&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;23&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;76&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61 &#40;96&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">148 &#40;26&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">406 &#40;73&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;9&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">501 &#40;90&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DPOC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;19 &#40;2&#44;13&#8208;12&#44;61&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;35 &#40;2&#44;08&#8208;13&#44;74&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;63&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;0 &#40;36&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;31&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;68&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">154 &#40;25&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">457 &#40;74&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49 &#40;8&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">562 &#40;92&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Depress&#227;o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;19 &#40;2&#44;80&#8208;6&#44;25&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;03 &#40;2&#44;28&#8208;7&#44;11&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70 &#40;50&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68 &#40;49&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;19&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111 &#40;80&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97 &#40;19&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">395 &#40;80&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">464 &#40;94&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H&#193;S</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;59&#8208;1&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;03 &#40;0&#44;55&#8208;1&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119 &#40;25&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">341 &#40;74&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;8&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">419 &#40;91&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49 &#40;28&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">124 &#40;71&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;8&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">158 &#40;91&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;15 &#40;0&#44;76&#8208;1&#44;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;35 &#40;0&#44;74&#8208;2&#44;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;28&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 &#40;71&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140 &#40;89&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">123 &#40;25&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">352 &#40;74&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;8&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">436 &#40;91&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;29 &#40;0&#44;73&#8208;2&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;81 &#40;0&#44;84&#8208;3&#44;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;31&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44 &#40;68&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;14&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55 &#40;85&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">148 &#40;26&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">421 &#40;74&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">522 &#40;91&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICFEP</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;28 &#40;0&#44;61&#8208;2&#44;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;26 &#40;0&#44;89&#8208;5&#44;72&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;31&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;68&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;17&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;82&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157 &#40;26&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">441 &#40;73&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50 &#40;8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">548 &#40;91&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICFER</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;56&#8208;2&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;20 &#40;0&#44;35&#8208;4&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;31&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;69&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;89&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59 &#40;26&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">445 &#40;73&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">551 &#40;91&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1365249.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Raz&#245;es de chance brutas&#44; dispneia aos esfor&#231;os e ortopneia segundo comorbidades</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anemia&#58; hemoglobina de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo masculino e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo feminino&#59; DPOC&#58; doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica&#59; HAS&#58; hipertens&#227;o arterial&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; ICFEP&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#59; ICFER&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida&#46; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; ORb&#58; raz&#227;o de chance bruta&#59; &#40;&#42;&#41; valor de p &#40;&#42;&#41; valor de p &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#59; Valor de p &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 &#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Flexopneia</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sim n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORb &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sim n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORb &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96 &#40;0&#44;49&#8208;1&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;06 &#40;1&#44;42&#8208;2&#44;99&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">177 &#40;93&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;36&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120 &#40;63&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">408 &#40;92&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95 &#40;21&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">341 &#40;78&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Circunfer&#234;ncia de cintura</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;54 &#40;0&#44;70&#8208;3&#44;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;95 &#40;1&#44;23&#8208;3&#44;10&#41;&#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e <span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 &#40;7&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">435 &#40;92&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135 &#40;28&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">332 &#40;71&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9794; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#9792;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;5&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">149 &#40;94&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;17&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;82&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anemia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;62 &#40;0&#44;18&#8208;2&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;90&#8208;2&#44;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;0 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 &#40;95&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;34&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;65&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">513 &#40;92&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140 &#40;25&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">408 &#40;74&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DPOC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;19 &#40;1&#44;17&#8208;11&#44;96&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;77 &#40;0&#44;72&#8208;4&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;22&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;77&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;38&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;61&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">571 &#40;93&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">156 &#40;25&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">450 &#40;74&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Depress&#227;o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;68 &#40;1&#44;42&#8208;5&#44;06&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;71 &#40;2&#44;48&#8208;5&#44;55&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;34&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125 &#40;65&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;48&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71 &#40;51&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103 &#40;23&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">336 &#40;76&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98 &#40;20&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">392 &#40;80&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;03 &#40;0&#44;52&#8208;2&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;62 &#40;1&#44;05&#8208;2&#44;48&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;7&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">427 &#40;92&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;28&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">325 &#40;71&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;6&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">161 &#40;93&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;19&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138 &#40;80&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;63&#8208;2&#44;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;92 &#40;1&#44;30&#8208;2&#44;85&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">144 &#40;91&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56 &#40;36&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98 &#40;63&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">443 &#40;93&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">108 &#40;22&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">364 &#40;77&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;42 &#40;1&#44;10&#8208;5&#44;29&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;59 &#40;1&#44;52&#8208;4&#44;44&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;14&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55 &#40;85&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;45&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;54&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 &#40;6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">533 &#40;93&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">136 &#40;24&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">429 &#40;75&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICFEP</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;32 &#40;0&#44;85&#8208;6&#44;31&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;23 &#40;1&#44;59&#8208;6&#44;55&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;85&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;51&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;48&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">558 &#40;93&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">147 &#40;24&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">447 &#40;75&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICFER</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;19 &#40;0&#44;73&#8208;6&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;77 &#40;0&#44;82&#8208;3&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;13&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;86&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;37&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;62&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">563 &#40;93&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">153 &#40;25&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">445 &#40;74&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1365248.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Raz&#245;es de chance brutas de dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna e flexopneia segundo comorbidades</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anemia hemoglobina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para sexo masculino e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL para o sexo feminino&#59; DM&#58; diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span>&#59; DPN&#58; dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna&#59; DPOC&#58; doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica&#59; HAS&#58; hipertens&#227;o arterial&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; ICFEP&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; ORa&#58; raz&#227;o de chance ajustada&#59; Valor de p &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 &#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 &#42;&#42;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ICFEP</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">DPN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Flexopneia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Ortopneia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">DPN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Flexopneia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORa &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORa &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORa &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORa &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ORa &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ICFEP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;65&#8208;5&#44;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;15 &#40;0&#44;93&#8208;10&#44;66&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;04 &#40;0&#44;89&#8208;4&#44;66&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;68 &#40;1&#44;43&#8208;9&#44;46&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;84 &#40;0&#44;97&#8208;3&#44;48&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;77 &#40;0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;46 &#40;0&#44;20&#8208;1&#44;06&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;80 &#40;0&#44;52&#8208;1&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;22 &#40;0&#44;06&#8208;0&#44;75&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;27 &#40;0&#44;76&#8208;2&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;27 &#40;0&#44;08&#8208;0&#44;90&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;31 &#40;0&#44;79&#8208;2&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Escolaridade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;97&#8208;2&#44;21&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;46 &#40;0&#44;97&#8208;2&#44;20&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Renda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;36 &#40;0&#44;92&#8208;6&#44;05&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;50 &#40;0&#44;91&#8208;2&#44;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;83 &#40;1&#44;12&#8208;7&#44;18&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;31 &#40;0&#44;91&#8208;5&#44;87&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;52 &#40;0&#44;92&#8208;2&#44;51&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IMC &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;71 &#40;1&#44;13&#8208;2&#44;60&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;60 &#40;0&#44;85&#8208;3&#44;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;73 &#40;1&#44;14&#8208;2&#44;63&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Circunfer&#234;ncia de cintura&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;30 &#40;0&#44;76&#8208;2&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;05&#8208;1&#44;17&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;81&#8208;8&#44;86&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;86 &#40;2&#44;13&#8208;22&#44;12&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;88&#8208;9&#44;41&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depress&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;14 &#40;1&#44;08&#8208;4&#44;20&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;54 &#40;2&#44;29&#8208;5&#44;46&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;00 &#40;1&#44;60&#8208;5&#44;63&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;13 &#40;1&#44;09&#8208;4&#44;18&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;51 &#40;2&#44;27&#8208;5&#44;41&#41; &#42;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H&#193;S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;15 &#40;0&#44;71&#8208;1&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;18 &#40;0&#44;73&#8208;1&#44;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;78 &#40;1&#44;16&#8208;2&#44;75&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;76 &#40;1&#44;14&#8208;2&#44;71&#41; &#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1365246.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Raz&#245;es de chance ajustadas de ortopneia&#44; dispneia parox&#237;stica noturna e flexopneia</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:47 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea and 8&#8208;year mortality among elderly men and women&#58; the PAQUID cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;F&#46; Tessier"
                            1 => "C&#46; Nejjari"
                            2 => "L&#46; Letenneur"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Epidemiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "223"
                        "paginaFinal" => "229"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11680540"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea in 70&#8208;year&#8208;old people"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Landahl"
                            1 => "B&#46; Steen"
                            2 => "A&#46; Svanborg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Med Scand&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "207"
                        "paginaInicial" => "225"
                        "paginaFinal" => "230"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7368988"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis of heart failure in older adults&#58; predictive value of dyspnea at rest"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ahmed"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Allman"
                            2 => "W&#46;S&#46; Aronow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.archger.2003.12.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Gerontol Geriatr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "297"
                        "paginaFinal" => "307"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15066316"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Older adults&#8217; symptoms and their duration before hospitalization for heart failure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;M&#46; Friedman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Lung&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "176"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9176684"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measurement of dyspnea in ambulatory African Americans with heart failure and a preserved or reduced ejection fraction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Vuckovic"
                            1 => "H&#46;A&#46; DeVon"
                            2 => "M&#46;R&#46; Piano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/JCN.0000000000000205"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Nurs&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25419941"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A review of dyspnea in acute heart failure syndromes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;L&#46; West"
                            1 => "A&#46;F&#46; Hernandez"
                            2 => "C&#46;M&#46; O&#8217;Connor"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.020"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "209"
                        "paginaFinal" => "214"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691823"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Distinguishable types of dyspnea in patients with shortness of breath"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Simon"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Schwartzstein"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; Weiss"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/142.5.1009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "142"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1009"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1014"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2240820"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Descriptors of breathlessness in cardiorespiratory diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;A&#46; Mahler"
                            1 => "A&#46; Harver"
                            2 => "T&#46; Lentine"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912748"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "154"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1357"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1363"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8912748"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;K&#46; Ho"
                            1 => "K&#46;M&#46; Anderson"
                            2 => "W&#46;B&#46; Kannel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "115"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8319323"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The mutual association between depressive symptoms and dyspnea in Chinese patients with chronic heart failure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Fan"
                            1 => "Z&#46; Meng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1177/1474515114528071"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "310"
                        "paginaFinal" => "316"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24634388"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Chapter 11"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea&#44; orthopnea&#44; and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Mukerji"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Clinical Methods&#58; The History&#44; Physical&#44; and Laboratory Examinations&#46; 3rd edition"
                        "serieFecha" => "1990"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characterization of a novel symptom of advanced heart failure&#58; bendopnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;T&#46; Thibodeau"
                            1 => "A&#46;T&#46; Turer"
                            2 => "S&#46;K&#46; Gualano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jchf.2013.07.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JACC Heart Fail&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622115"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8220;Flexo&#8208;dyspnea&#8221;&#58; a novel clinical observation in the heart failure syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Brandon"
                            1 => "M&#46;R&#46; Mehra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.healun.2013.06.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Heart Lung Transplant&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "844"
                        "paginaFinal" => "845"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23856222"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of chronic diseases in individuals assisted by the family health program in Niteroi&#44; Brazil&#58; evaluation of selection bias and protocol"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;L&#46;G&#46; Rosa"
                            1 => "E&#46;T&#46; Mesquita"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Jorge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Med Res Health Sci&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "587"
                        "paginaFinal" => "596"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia&#47;Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o&#47;Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia&#46; VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o&#46; Arq Bras Cardiol 2010&#59; 95&#40;1 supl&#46;1&#41;&#58; 1&#8208;51&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utility of B type natriuretic peptide measurement in outpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Jorge"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Freire"
                            2 => "M&#46;L&#46; Ribeiro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.019"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "647"
                        "paginaFinal" => "652"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910641"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008&#58; The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology&#46; Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC &#40;HFA&#41; and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine &#40;ESICM&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Dickstein"
                            1 => "A&#46; Cohen-Solal"
                            2 => "G&#46; Filippatos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehn309"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2442"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18799522"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How to diagnose diastolic heart failure&#58; a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W&#46;J&#46; Paulus"
                            1 => "C&#46; Tschope"
                            2 => "J&#46;E&#46; Sanderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehm037"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2539"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2550"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17428822"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anemia in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46;M&#46; Felker"
                            1 => "L&#46;K&#46; Shaw"
                            2 => "W&#46;G&#46; Stough"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.056"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "151"
                        "paginaInicial" => "457"
                        "paginaFinal" => "462"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16442914"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The PHQ&#8208;9&#58; validity of a brief depression severity measure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Kroenke"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Spitzer"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Williams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Gen Intern Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "606"
                        "paginaFinal" => "613"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11556941"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire&#8208;9 &#40;PHQ&#8208;9&#41; among adults from the general population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46;S&#46; Santos"
                            1 => "B&#46;F&#46; Tavares"
                            2 => "T&#46;N&#46; Munhoz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cad Saude P&#250;blica&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1533"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1543"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005919"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "Physical status&#58; the use and interpretation of anthropometry&#46; Report of a WHO Expert Committee"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "854"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "452"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8594834"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Standards of medical care in diabetes&#8211;2011"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "American Diabetes Association"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2337/dc11-S011"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes Care&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S61"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193625"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Shiber"
                            1 => "J&#46; Santana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.mcna.2005.11.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin North Am&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "90"
                        "paginaInicial" => "453"
                        "paginaFinal" => "479"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16473100"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The natural history of congestive heart failure&#58; the Framingham study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;A&#46; McKee"
                            1 => "W&#46;P&#46; Castelli"
                            2 => "P&#46;M&#46; McNamara"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM197112232852601"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "285"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1441"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1446"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5122894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An analysis of physicians&#8217; reasons for prescribing long&#8208;term digitalis therapy in outpatients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;J&#46; Carlson"
                            1 => "D&#46;C&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "A&#46;H&#46; Goroll"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Chronic Dis&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "733"
                        "paginaFinal" => "739"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4030999"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiology patient page&#46; Shortness of breath"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Bozkurt"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Mann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.CIR.0000075956.36340.78"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e13"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12860894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Signs and symptoms of heart failure&#58; are you asking the right questions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Albert"
                            1 => "K&#46; Trochelman"
                            2 => "J&#46; Li"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4037/ajcc2009314"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Crit Care&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "443"
                        "paginaFinal" => "452"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940253"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relationship of asthma and anxiety disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W&#46;J&#46; Katon"
                            1 => "L&#46; Richardson"
                            2 => "P&#46; Lozano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychosom Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "349"
                        "paginaFinal" => "355"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15184694"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Heart failure symptom relationships&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;K&#46; Herr"
                            1 => "J&#46; Salyer"
                            2 => "D&#46;E&#46; Lyon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/JCN.0b013e31829b675e"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Nurs&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "416"
                        "paginaFinal" => "422"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23839572"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea and emotional states in health and disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Scano"
                            1 => "F&#46; Gigliotti"
                            2 => "L&#46; Stendardi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.018"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "649"
                        "paginaFinal" => "655"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347530"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of dyspnea in patients with different grades of stable asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Morag&#243;n"
                            1 => "M&#46; Perpi&#241;&#225;"
                            2 => "A&#46; Belloch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Asthma&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "375"
                        "paginaFinal" => "382"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12870833"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression&#58; A prospective population study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Neuman"
                            1 => "M&#46; Gunnbj&#246;rnsdottir"
                            2 => "A&#46; Tuns&#228;ter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1843"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1849"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16516455"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anxiety disorder and perception of inspiratory resistive loads"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Tiller"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pain"
                            2 => "N&#46; Biddle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "547"
                        "paginaFinal" => "551"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3829747"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#58; diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46;M&#46; Hawkins"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46; Petrie"
                            2 => "P&#46;S&#46; Jhund"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurjhf/hfn013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Heart Fail&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "139"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19168510"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Descriptors of dyspnea by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus congestive heart failure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Caroci Ade"
                            1 => "S&#46;C&#46; Lareau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrtlng.2003.11.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Lung&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "102"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15024375"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of respiratory and non&#8208;respiratory factors on disability among older adults with airway obstruction&#58; the Cardiovascular Health Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Locke"
                            1 => "S&#46; Thielke"
                            2 => "P&#46; Diehr"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3109/15412555.2013.781148"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "COPD&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "588"
                        "paginaFinal" => "596"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors of chronic breathlessness&#58; a large population study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Bowden"
                            1 => "T&#46;H&#46; To"
                            2 => "A&#46;P&#46; Abernethy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12889-017-4154-6"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "12&#46;"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28283044"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fat distribution and end&#8208;expiratory lung volume in lean and obese men and women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;G&#46; Babb"
                            1 => "B&#46;L&#46; Wyrick"
                            2 => "D&#46;S&#46; DeLorey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-1728"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "704"
                        "paginaFinal" => "711"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641101"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0435"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of morbid obesity on oxygen cost of breathing &#40;VO&#40;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RESP&#41;&#41; at rest"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Kress"
                            1 => "A&#46;S&#46; Pohlman"
                            2 => "J&#46; Alverdy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9902058"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "883"
                        "paginaFinal" => "886"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10471613"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0440"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of medical history taking as part of a population based survey in subjects aged 85 and over"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Lagaay"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; van der Meij"
                            2 => "W&#46; Hijmans"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "304"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1091"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1092"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1586823"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0445"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is questionnaire information valid in the study of a chronic disease such as diabetes&#63; The Nord&#8208;Tr&#248;ndelag diabetes study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Midthjell"
                            1 => "J&#46; Holmen"
                            2 => "A&#46; Bj&#248;rndal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "537"
                        "paginaFinal" => "542"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1479327"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0450"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparing self&#8208;reported and physician&#8208;reported medical history"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kehoe"
                            1 => "S&#46;Y&#46; Wu"
                            2 => "M&#46;C&#46; Leske"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "813"
                        "paginaFinal" => "818"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178794"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0455"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Agreement between questionnaire data and medical records of chronic diseases in middle&#8208;aged and elderly Finnish men and women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Haapanen"
                            1 => "S&#46; Miilunpalo"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pasanen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "145"
                        "paginaInicial" => "762"
                        "paginaFinal" => "769"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9126003"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0460"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validity of a self&#8208;reported history of doctor&#8208;diagnosed angina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46;C&#46; Lampe"
                            1 => "M&#46; Walker"
                            2 => "L&#46;T&#46; Lennon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "73"
                        "paginaFinal" => "81"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9973076"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0465"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#44; Secretaria de Vigil&#226;ncia em Sa&#250;de&#44; Secretaria de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de&#44; Instituto Nacional de C&#226;ncer&#44; Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Preven&#231;&#227;o e Vigil&#226;ncia&#46; Inqu&#233;rito domiciliar sobre comportamentos de risco e morbidade referida de doen&#231;as e agravos n&#227;o&#8208;transmiss&#237;veis&#58; Brasil&#44; 15 capitais e Distrito Federal&#44; 2002&#8208;2003&#46; INCA&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#46; 2004&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0470"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of self&#8208;reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort study of nurses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Barr"
                            1 => "J&#46; Herbstman"
                            2 => "F&#46;E&#46; Speizer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "155"
                        "paginaInicial" => "965"
                        "paginaFinal" => "971"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994237"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08702551/0000003600000003/v1_201703130910/S0870255116302980/v1_201703130910/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "29261"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigos Originais"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003600000003/v1_201703130910/S0870255116302980/v1_201703130910/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255116302980?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Partilhar
Informação da revista
Vol. 36. Núm. 3.
Páginas 179-186 (março 2017)
Visitas
35379
Vol. 36. Núm. 3.
Páginas 179-186 (março 2017)
Artigo Original
Open Access
Associação dos tipos de dispneia e da “flexopneia” com as patologias cardiopulmonares nos cuidados de saúde primários
Association of types of dyspnea including ‘bendopnea’ with cardiopulmonary disease in primary care
Visitas
35379
Diana María Martínez Ceróna,
Autor para correspondência
, Maria Luiza Garcia Rosaa, Antônio Jose Lagoeiro Jorgeb, Wolney de Andrade Martinsb, Evandro Tinoco Mesquitab, Monica Di Calafriori Freireb, Dayse Mary da Silva Correiac, Hye Chung Kangd
a Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
b Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
c Departamento de Fundamentos de Enfermagem e Administração, Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
d Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Conteúdo relacionado
Ana Teresa Timóteo
Este item recebeu

Under a Creative Commons license
Informação do artigo
Resume
Texto Completo
Bibliografia
Baixar PDF
Estatísticas
Tabelas (4)
Tabela 1. Características demográficas e clínicas de voluntários na atenção primária
Tabela 2. Razões de chance brutas, dispneia aos esforços e ortopneia segundo comorbidades
Tabela 3. Razões de chance brutas de dispneia paroxística noturna e flexopneia segundo comorbidades
Tabela 4. Razões de chance ajustadas de ortopneia, dispneia paroxística noturna e flexopneia
Mostrar maisMostrar menos
Resumo
Introdução

A dispneia é o sintoma mais comummente reportado por pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, doenças pulmonares, obesos e idosos. Recentemente, a dispneia na anteflexão do tórax − flexopneia − foi descrita entre os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca.

Objetivo

Estimar a associação da dispneia aos esforços, ortopneia, dispneia paroxística noturna e flexopneia com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e, especialmente, com a insuficiência cardíaca e seus fenótipos na atenção primária.

Métodos

Estudo transversal que incluiu 633 indivíduos de 45‐99 anos, sorteados entre os cadastrados no programa Médico de Família de Niterói, Brasil. Os participantes foram submetidos a questionário estruturado, avaliação clínica, exames laboratoriais, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, em único dia.

Resultados

A dispneia paroxística noturna e a flexopneia apresentaram associação com a insuficiência cardíaca antes do ajuste (ORb=2,42; IC 95%=1,10‐5,29 e ORb=2,59; IC 95%=1,52‐4,44, respectivamente). Nos modelos múltiplos, a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, angina pectoris e o infarto do miocárdio não mostraram associação com a flexopneia.

Conclusão

A flexopneia foi a única que não se associou com as doenças respiratórias e as doenças coronarianas. Mesmo após o controle pela depressão e índice de massa corporal, manteve associação com a insuficiência cardíaca e com a insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada, mostrando‐se como um sintoma promissor para diferenciar a insuficiência cardíaca dos outros dois grupos de doença.

Palavras‐chave:
Insuficiência cardíaca
Cuidados de saúde primários
Dispneia
Dispneia paroxística noturna
Flexopneia
Abstract
Introduction

Dyspnea is the symptom most commonly reported by patients with heart failure (HF) and/or pulmonary disease, the obese and the elderly. Recently ‘bendopnea’ (shortness of breath when bending forward) has been described in patients with HF.

Objective

To determine the association of exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and bendopnea with chronic disease, especially heart failure, and their phenotypes in primary care.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 633 individuals aged between 45 and 99 years enrolled in a primary care program in Niteroi, Brazil. Participants underwent clinical assessment and laboratory tests and completed a questionnaire, all on the same day.

Results

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and bendopnea were associated with HF (unadjusted OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.10‐5.29 and OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.52‐4.44, respectively). In multivariate models, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction were not associated with bendopnea.

Conclusions

Bendopnea was the only type of dyspnea not linked to respiratory disease or coronary heart disease. Even after adjusting for depression and body mass index, the association remained with HF with or without preserved ejection fraction, and bendopnea thus appears to be a promising symptom to differentiate HF from the other two disease groups.

Keywords:
Heart failure
Primary care
Dyspnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Bendopnea
Texto Completo
Introdução

A dispneia é um sintoma frequentemente relatado por idosos, com prevalência estimada entre 20‐60%1,2. É o sintoma mais comum em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC)3,4, entretanto com baixa especificidade, posto que também é referido em doenças clínicas prevalentes como doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), depressão, obesidade, anemia e doença coronariana aterosclerótica2.

A dispneia tem fisiopatologia complexa com várias etiologias e mecanismos distintos5–8. Dentre os vários tipos de dispneia, os mais frequentes são a dispneia aos esforços, a dispneia paroxística noturna (DPN), a ortopneia9–11 e, recentemente, foi descrita entre os pacientes com IC a «flexopneia»12. «Flexopneia», termo livremente adaptado de «bendopnea», em inglês, que descreve a dispneia presente na anteflexão do tórax12. Supõe‐se que esta última se correlaciona com um aumento dos índices de pressões de enchimento do lado esquerdo na ecocardiografia13.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a associação da dispneia aos esforços, ortopneia, DPN e flexopneia com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e, especialmente, com a IC e seus fenótipos na atenção primária.

Métodos

Trata‐se de um estudo transversal que integra o Estudo Digitalis, que incluiu 633 adultos de 45‐99 anos, cadastrados no Programa Médico de Família de Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os indivíduos foram sorteados, convidados a participar, conforme estratégia previamente definida e que cuja amostra representasse a população estudada. Os dados foram coletados de julho de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Todos os indivíduos selecionados foram convidados a comparecer à unidade de saúde próxima a sua residência. Foi realizada entrevista com questionário estruturado; coleta de sangue e urina para exames complementares; consulta médica, de enfermagem e de nutrição; mensuração da pressão arterial (PA); eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma; todos em único dia. O desenho do estudo e os resultados do estudo principal estão publicados14.

A PA foi medida utilizando o aparelho digital da marca OMRON 711 HC14 e foram realizadas três medidas com intervalo de um minuto, com o paciente sentado, o braço apoiado na altura do coração. No caso de diferença maior do que 5mmHg, foi realizado uma quarta medida. A média da PA foi obtida descartando a primeira medida15.

Foram classificados como portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) os indivíduos que responderam sim à pergunta 14.4 do Questionário Digitalis, estavam em uso de medicação para HAS, ou apresentavam a média da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) 140mmHg ou a média da pressão arterial diastólica (PAD)90mmHg. Pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de HAS foram considerados controlados quando apresentavam a PA<140×90mmHg15.

Foram utilizados dois equipamentos para realização dos exames de ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual (EDT) (Cypress20 Acuson/Siemens/AU‐3 Partner da Esaote), que foram realizados por dois ecocardiografistas experientes, sem o conhecimento prévio dos resultados dos outros exames. Os exames foram realizados segundo as recomendações para quantificação de câmaras da ASE/EAE16.

A função sistólica foi avaliada pela medida da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE), pelo método de Simpson e pelo estiramento do eixo longitudinal (S’). A medida do volume da aurícula esquerda (VAE) foi obtida através do método biplanar de discos (regra de Simpson modificada), com a utilização do corte apical quatro e duas câmaras em sístole ventricular esquerda final, indexado a superfície corporal. Os parâmetros da função diastólica foram estimados pela média de cinco batimentos consecutivos. O fluxo transmitral inicial (E) e tardio (A) e o tempo de desaceleração da onda E foram medidos. A velocidade do relaxamento miocárdico no início da diástole (E‘) foi medida pelo EDT no segmento septal do anel mitral16.

Os quatro tipos de dispneia foram considerados desfechos para o presente estudo. Sua presença foi definida quando as respostas às perguntas foram positivas: (1) dispneia aos esforços – «Sente falta de ar com o esforço?»; (2) ortopneia – «Sente falta de ar quando se deita?»; (3) DPN – «Acorda no meio da noite, depois de cerca de quatro horas de estar dormindo, com falta de ar?»; e (4) flexopneia – «Você tem dificuldade para curvar‐se, ajoelhar‐se ou dobrar‐se?», com as opções de resposta «dificulta um pouco» ou «dificulta muito».

O diagnóstico de IC com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFER) foi confirmado em indivíduos com história de IC, ou na presença de sinais ou sintomas de IC e FEVE<50%17. O diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) foi confirmado em indivíduos com história prévia de IC e FEVE50% com presença de disfunção diastólica18.

A ICFEP foi definida de acordo com os critérios da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia. Incluíram a presença de sinais ou sintomas de IC, FEVE50%, volume diastólico final indexado do VE (VDF – I)97mL/m2 e presença de disfunção diastólica17. Evidências diagnósticas de disfunção diastólica foram obtidas pelo EDT, pela presença da relação E/E’>15. Se E/E’ fosse sugestiva de disfunção diastólica (entre 8‐15), outras medidas ecocardiográficas deveriam ser utilizadas para confirmar o diagnóstico como massa do VE indexada (122 e149g/m2 para mulheres e homens respectivamente), VAE indexado (I40mL/m2), relação E/A<0,5 com tempo de desaceleração de E>280ms. Um eletrocardiograma com fibrilação atrial na presença de relação E/E’ entre 8‐15 também confirmaria o diagnóstico de ICFEP17,18.

O diagnóstico de ICFER foi confirmado em indivíduos com história prévia de IC e FEVE<50%. Os indivíduos sem história prévia, porém na presença de sinais e ou sintomas de IC, no momento da inclusão no estudo, classe II ou superior da NYHA, BNP>35pg/ml e com FEVE<50% também foram considerados como portadores de ICFER.

A presença de DPOC foi definida pela história prévia da doença informada pelo paciente durante sua avaliação a partir da resposta positiva à pergunta: «algum médico já lhe disse que o senhor (a) teve…?». A definição de anemia foi valor hemoglobina de<13g/dL para o sexo masculino e de<12g/dL para os de sexo feminino19. Para o rastreamento da depressão, utilizou‐se o Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9)20, validado para sua aplicação no Brasil. Foram classificados como indivíduos com depressão aqueles que tiveram escores 3, 4 ou 5 (depressão moderada, moderada a grave e grave)21. Os indivíduos foram pesados e medidos para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) pela fórmula peso/altura ao quadrado, tendo sido considerados como obesos aqueles que apresentaram IMC30kg/m222. Foram classificados hipertensos os indivíduos que responderam sim à pergunta «Algum médico já lhe disse que senhor (a) tem hipertensão (pressão alta)?»; estavam em uso de medicação para HAS, ou apresentaram a média da PAS140mmHg ou a média da PAD90mmHg15. A diabetes mellitus foi definida pela história prévia conforme resposta à pergunta «Algum médico já lhe disse que o senhor (a) tem diabetes (açúcar alto no sangue)?»; indivíduos cuja glicemia de jejum foi126mg/dL, e aqueles que relataram o uso de hipoglicemiantes orais e/ou insulina foram consideradas diabéticos23.

A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS v 21.0 (Chicago, Illinois, EUA). Para comparação entre grupos empregaram‐se os testes qui‐quadrado, com correção de continuidade quando necessário, ou o teste exato de Fisher. Os resultados foram apresentados em razão de chances de prevalência (OR) brutas e ajustadas com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, estimados por regressão logística. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em 0,05.

O protocolo do estudo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina/Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro e aprovado sob número CAAE: 0077.0.258.000‐10.

Resultados

Foram estudados 633 voluntários cadastrados no Programa Médico de Família, com maioria de mulheres (61,8%); de indivíduos com idade entre 45‐69 anos (80,7%); renda per capita<278,77 (75,6%); e de hipertensos (72,7%) (ver Tabela 1).

Tabela 1.

Características demográficas e clínicas de voluntários na atenção primária

  (%) 
Sexo feminino  391  61,8 
Idade
70 anos  122  19,3 
<70 anos  511  80,7 
Cor de pele
Não branca  396  63,3 
Branca  230  36,7 
Escolaridade
Atá 4.a série  269  42,6 
5.a série  362  57,4 
Renda
<278,77  470  75,6 
>278,77  152  24,4 
IMC (kg/m2)
30  190  30,2 
<30  439  69,8 
Circunferência de cintura
94♂ e80♀  471  74,4 
<94♂ e<80♀  157  24,8 
Anemia  63  10,2 
DPOC  22  3,5 
Depressão  138  21,9 
HAS  460  72,7 
Diabetes  157  24,8 

Anemia: hemoglobina de 13g/dL para adultos do sexo masculino e de 12g/dL para os de sexo feminino; DPOC: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; HAS: hipertensão arterial sistêmica; IMC: índice de massa corporal.

A dispneia esteve presente em 43,8% dos voluntários e, entre eles, os tipos mais prevalentes foram a dispneia aos esforços (26,5%) e a flexopneia (26,2%), a ortopneia teve uma prevalência de 8,8%, e a DPN de 7,1%.

As Tabelas 2 e 3 apresentam as razões de chances brutas de dispneia aos esforços, ortopneia, DPN e flexopneia, segundo as comorbidades. A DPOC se associou com dispneia aos esforços, ortopneia e DPN, mas não com a flexopneia. A depressão foi a única comorbidade que mostrou associação com todos os tipos de dispneia, com OR que variaram de 2,68‐4,19. A IC esteve significativamente associada com DPN e flexopneia. A ICFEP associou‐se com todas as variáveis, exceto com a dispneia aos esforços. A ICFER não mostrou associação com quaisquer das dispneias, embora apresentasse um OR>2 com a DPN, devido, provavelmente, ao pequeno número de participantes com essa condição.

Tabela 2.

Razões de chance brutas, dispneia aos esforços e ortopneia segundo comorbidades

  Dispneia aos esforçosOrtopneia
  Sim n (%)  Não n (%)  ORb (IC 95%)  Sim n (%)  Não n (%)  ORb (IC 95%) 
IMC (kg/m2)      1,69 (1,16‐2,46) ***      1,69 (0,96‐2,97) * 
30  65 (34,2)  125 (65,8)    23 (12,1)  167 (87,9)   
<30  103 (23,5)  336 (76,5)    33 (7,5)  406 (92,5)   
Circunferência de cintura      1,23 (0,81‐1,88)      1,78 (0,85‐3,72) 
94♂ e80♀  130 (27,6)  341 (72,4)    46 (9,8)  425 (90,2)   
<94♂ e<80♀  37 (23,6)  120 (76,4)    9 (5,7)  148 (94,3)   
Anemia      0,85 (0,46‐1,57)      0,31 (0,07‐1,30) * 
Sim  15 (23,8)  48 (76,2)    2 (3,2)  61 (96,8)   
Não  148 (26,7)  406 (73,3)    53 (9,6)  501 (90,4)   
DPOC      5,19 (2,13‐12,61) ***      5,35 (2,08‐13,74) *** 
Sim  14 (63,6)  8,0 (36,4)    7 (31,8)  15 (68,2)   
Não  154 (25,2)  457 (74,8)    49 (8,0)  562 (92,0)   
Depressão      4,19 (2,80‐6,25) ***      4,03 (2,28‐7,11) *** 
Sim  70 (50,7)  68 (49,3)    27 (19,6)  111 (80,4)   
Não  97 (19,7)  395 (80,3)    28 (5,7)  464 (94,3)   
HÁS      0,88 (0,59‐1,30)      1,03 (0,55‐1,91) 
Sim  119 (25,9)  341 (74,1)    41 (8,9)  419 (91,1)   
Não  49 (28,3)  124 (71,7)    15 (8,7)  158 (91,3)   
Diabetes      1,15 (0,76‐1,71)      1,35 (0,74‐2,47) 
Sim  45 (28,7)  112 (71,3)    17 (10,8)  140 (89,2)   
Não  123 (25,9)  352 (74,1)    39 (8,2)  436 (91,8)   
IC      1,29 (0,73‐2,26)      1,81 (0,84‐3,90) 
Sim  20 (31,3)  44 (68,8)    9 (14,1)  55 (85,9)   
Não  148 (26,0)  421 (74,0)    47 (8,3)  522 (91,7)   
ICFEP      1,28 (0,61‐2,68)      2,26 (0,89‐5,72) * 
Sim  11 (31,4)  24 (68,6)    6 (17,1)  29 (82,9)   
Não  157 (26,3)  441 (73,7)    50 (8,4)  548 (91,6)   
ICFER      1,25 (0,56‐2,82)      1,20 (0,35‐4,09) 
Sim  9 (31,0)  20 (69,0)    3 (10,3)  26 (89,7)   
Não  59 (26,3)  445 (73,7)    53 (8,8)  551 (91,2)   

IMC: índice de massa corporal; anemia: hemoglobina de<13g/dL para o sexo masculino e<12g/dL para o sexo feminino; DPOC: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; HAS: hipertensão arterial; ORb: razão de chance bruta; (*) valor de p (*) valor de p *0,05 e<0,01 **p<0,05 e0,01 ***<0,01; IC: insuficiência cardíaca; ICFEP: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; ICFER: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida. Valor de p *0,05 e<0,1 **<0,05 e0,01 ***<0,01.

Tabela 3.

Razões de chance brutas de dispneia paroxística noturna e flexopneia segundo comorbidades

  Dispneia paroxística noturnaFlexopneia
  Sim n (%)  Não n (%)  ORb (IC 95%)  Sim n (%)  Não n (%)  ORb (IC 95%) 
IMC (kg/m2)      0,96 (0,49‐1,89)      2,06 (1,42‐2,99) *** 
30  13 (6,8)  177 (93,2)    69 (36,5)  120 (63,5)   
<30  31 (7,1)  408 (92,9)    95 (21,8)  341 (78,2)   
Circunferência de cintura      1,54 (0,70‐3,39)      1,95 (1,23‐3,10)*** 
94♂ e 80♀  36 (7,6)  435 (92,4)    135 (28,9)  332 (71,1)   
<94♂ e<80♀  8 (5,1)  149 (94,9)    27 (17,2)  130 (82,8)   
Anemia      0,62 (0,18‐2,08)      1,56 (0,90‐2,71) 
Sim  3,0 (4,8)  60 (95,2)    22 (34,9)  41 (65,1)   
Não  41 (7,4)  513 (92,6)    140 (25,5)  408 (74,5)   
DPOC      4,19 (1,17‐11,96) ***      1,77 (0,72‐4,36) 
Sim  5 (22,7)  17 (77,3)    8 (38,1)  13 (61,9)   
Não  40 (6,5)  571 (93,5)    156 (25,7)  450 (74,3)   
Depressão      2,68 (1,42‐5,06) ***      3,71 (2,48‐5,55) *** 
Sim  65 (34,2)  125 (65,8)    66 (48,2)  71 (51,8)   
Não  103 (23,5)  336 (76,5)    98 (20,0)  392 (80,0)   
HAS      1,03 (0,52‐2,05)      1,62 (1,05‐2,48) ** 
Sim  33 (7,2)  427 (92,8)    130 (28,6)  325 (71,4)   
Não  12 (6,9)  161 (93,1)    34 (19,8)  138 (80,2)   
Diabetes      1,25 (0,63‐2,44)      1,92 (1,30‐2,85) *** 
Sim  13 (8,3)  144 (91,7)    56 (36,4)  98 (63,6)   
Não  32 (6,7)  443 (93,3)    108 (22,9)  364 (77,1)   
IC      2,42 (1,10‐5,29) **      2,59 (1,52‐4,44) *** 
Sim  9 (14,1)  55 (85,9)    28 (45,2)  34 (54,8)   
Não  36 (6,3)  533 (93,7)    136 (24,1)  429 (75,9)   
ICFEP      2,32 (0,85‐6,31) *      3,23 (1,59‐6,55) *** 
Sim  5 (14,3)  30 (85,7)    17 (51,5)  16 (48,5)   
Não  40 (6,7)  558 (93,3)    147 (24,7)  447 (75,3)   
ICFER      2,19 (0,73‐6,61)      1,77 (0,82‐3,84) 
Sim  4 (13,8)  25 (86,2)    11 (37,9)  18 (62,1)   
Não  41 (6,8)  563 (93,2)    153 (25,6)  445 (74,4)   

Anemia: hemoglobina de<13g/dL para o sexo masculino e<12g/dL para o sexo feminino; DPOC: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; HAS: hipertensão arterial; IC: insuficiência cardíaca; ICFEP: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; ICFER: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida. IMC: índice de massa corporal; ORb: razão de chance bruta; (*) valor de p (*) valor de p *0,05 e<0,01 **p<0,05 e0,01 ***<0,01; Valor de p *0,05 e<0,1 **<0,05 e0,01 ***<0,01.

A Tabela 4 apresenta os resultados dos modelos de regressão logística múltipla, nos quais foram incluídas todas as variáveis que na análise bivariada atingiram p<0,1. Foram construídos modelos separados para IC e ICFEP. Após o ajuste, a IC manteve a associação apenas com a DPN, OR (IC95%), 3,68 (1,43‐9,46). Com a flexopneia, a IC manteve associação com OR=1,84 (p<0,1), porém perdeu significância estatística (p<0,1). A ICFEP perdeu significância com os três tipos de dispneia incluídos na regressão logística depois do ajuste; no entanto, os OR foram (3,15) para e (2,04) para flexopneia, com significância (p<0,1). A depressão mostrou forte associação com os cinco modelos analisados na regressão logística, com p<0,05. A DPOC apresentou associação importante com a ortopneia, OR=6,86, quando incluída ICFEP, mas apresentou associação com OR>2 com DPN para os dois modelos (IC e ICFEP). A idade se mostrou como fator protetor para DPN e sem associação com a flexopneia.

Tabela 4.

Razões de chance ajustadas de ortopneia, dispneia paroxística noturna e flexopneia

  Insuficiência cardíacaICFEP
  DPN  Flexopneia  Ortopneia  DPN  Flexopneia 
  ORa (IC 95%)  ORa (IC 95%)  ORa (IC 95%)  ORa (IC 95%)  ORa (IC 95%) 
ICFEP      1,88 (0,65‐5,47)  3,15 (0,93‐10,66) *  2,04 (0,89‐4,66) * 
IC  3,68 (1,43‐9,46) ***  1,84 (0,97‐3,48) *       
Sexo    0,77 (0,50‐1,19)  0,46 (0,20‐1,06) *    0,80 (0,52‐1,23) 
Idade  0,22 (0,06‐0,75) **  1,27 (0,76‐2,13)    0,27 (0,08‐0,90) **  1,31 (0,79‐2,19) 
Escolaridade    1,47 (0,97‐2,21) *      1,46 (0,97‐2,20) * 
Renda  2,36 (0,92‐6,05) *  1,50 (0,91‐2,48)  2,83 (1,12‐7,18) **  2,31 (0,91‐5,87) *  1,52 (0,92‐2,51) * 
IMC ≥30kg/m2    1,71 (1,13‐2,60) **  1,60 (0,85‐3,01)    1,73 (1,14‐2,63) ** 
Circunferência de cintura    1,30 (0,76‐2,23)       
Anemia      0,25 (0,05‐1,17) *     
DPOC  2,68 (0,81‐8,86) *    6,86 (2,13‐22,12) ***  2,88 (0,88‐9,41) *   
Depressão  2,14 (1,08‐4,20) **  3,54 (2,29‐5,46) ***  3,00 (1,60‐5,63) ***  2,13 (1,09‐4,18) **  3,51 (2,27‐5,41) *** 
HÁS    1,15 (0,71‐1,87)      1,18 (0,73‐1,90) 
DM    1,78 (1,16‐2,75) **      1,76 (1,14‐2,71) ** 

Anemia hemoglobina<13g/dL para sexo masculino e<12g/dL para o sexo feminino; DM: diabetes mellitus; DPN: dispneia paroxística noturna; DPOC: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; HAS: hipertensão arterial; IC: insuficiência cardíaca; ICFEP: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; IMC: índice de massa corporal; ORa: razão de chance ajustada; Valor de p *0,05 e<0,1 **<0,05 e0,01 ***<0,01.

Discussão

No presente estudo, o mapeamento dos diferentes tipos de dispneia com as condições mais prevalentes nos adultos e idosos mostrou um padrão. A DPOC apresentou associação bruta e forte com a dispneia aos esforços, com a ortopneia e com a DPN, e associação fraca e não significativa com a flexopneia. O oposto ocorreu com a IC e a ICFEP que apresentaram maiores associações brutas com a flexopneia. Outro dado importante foi a fraca associação da ICFER com os tipos de dispneia, excetuando a DPN. É amplamente descrito na literatura que, além da IC, a DPOC é uma causa prevalente de dispneia24.

A DPN é considerada um critério maior de Framingham para o diagnóstico de IC e também faz parte dos critérios de Boston25,26. O sintoma é causado pela diminuição da capacidade do coração para encher e esvaziar, produzindo elevadas pressões nos vasos sanguíneos pulmonares27. Albert et al.28 avaliaram 276 pacientes com diagnóstico de IC e reportaram prevalência de DPN autorrelatada de 23,6 versus 14,1%, encontrado no presente estudo. A maior prevalência do sintoma encontrada no estudo de Albert et al. pode ser explicada pela inclusão de pacientes ambulatoriais e hospitalizados. O estudo aqui apresentado incluiu somente pacientes ambulatoriais.

Estudo publicado por Thibodeau et al.12, conduzido com 102 indivíduos com ICFER, encontrou uma prevalência de flexopneia de 29 contra 37,9% no nosso estudo. O estudo de Thibodeau et al. mostrou que os pacientes com flexopneia têm um perfil hemodinâmico caracterizado por maior pressão de enchimento do ventrículo esquerdo e diminuição do índice cardíaco. A discrepância entre as prevalências do estudo Thibodeau et al. e o aqui apresentado pode ser justificada, uma vez que utilizamos somente a resposta à pergunta sobre a dificuldade de dobrar‐se e ajoelhar‐se para identificar a flexopneia, método menos específico que o do estudo citado (sentir falta de ar em qualquer intervalo de tempo no período que compreende até 30 segundos, sentado em uma cadeira curvando‐se sobre si mesmo, como para se calçar). Thibodeau et al. não investigaram pacientes com ICFEP. No presente estudo, a prevalência de flexopneia em pacientes com ICFEP foi superior àquela de pacientes com ICFER (51,5 versus 37,9%) e a associação se manteve na análise ajustada embora com um valor de p entre 0,05‐0,1.

A depressão foi a única variável que na análise bruta mostrou forte associação com as quatro dispneias e, na análise ajustada, com os três tipos de dispneia analisados. A associação entre ansiedade e depressão e sintomas respiratórios encontra embasamento em evidências amplamente descritas29,30. A relação de causa e efeito entre os fatores psicológicos e dispneia ainda não é totalmente esclarecida31. Há indícios de que a dispneia pode induzir desordens psiquiátricas, enquanto outros estudos indicam que as doenças psicológicas, principalmente a depressão, intensificam a sensação subjetiva de dispneia31–34.

Apesar de alguns aspectos diferentes, os processos fisiopatológicos da DPOC e a IC se sobrepõem e os sintomas clínicos e sinais frequentemente também35; além disso, os pacientes com DPOC e IC compartilham muitos termos para descrever a falta de ar e experimentam dispneia com uma frequência similar7,36,37, o que contribui para a dificuldade em diferenciar as duas doenças. No presente estudo, a prevalência das duas doenças autorreferidas foi baixa (IC=8,2 e DPOC=3,5%) e somente três (5,8%) dos 52 indivíduos que afirmaram terem tido diagnóstico prévio de IC, disseram ter tido diagnóstico de DPOC, o que é concordante com resultados de estudos na comunidade, que relataram prevalências de DPOC em pacientes com IC variando entre 7‐13%35.

No presente estudo, na análise bruta, os pacientes com IMC30kg/m2 mostraram maior chance de apresentar dispneia aos esforços e flexopneia. Na análise ajustada, a associação manteve‐se só com a flexopneia. Por outro lado, a circunferência de cintura94 para homens e80 para mulheres esteve significativamente associada com a flexopneia na análise bruta. A associação da obesidade com a dispneia é descrita na literatura38. Os mecanismos envolvidos na dispneia em obesos incluem volume pulmonar expiratório final reduzido39 e o aumento do trabalho respiratório em um determinado nível de esforço40. No estudo de Thibodeau et al.12, os pacientes com flexopneia também tiveram IMC mais elevado do que aqueles sem flexopneia, o que pode ter agravado seu desconforto ao se dobrarem. De modo semelhante, no presente estudo houve maior prevalência de IMC30kg/m2 na flexopneia, quando comparado com os outros tipos de dispneia. A monitorização hemodinâmica invasiva realizada no estudo de Thibodeau et al.12 mostrou que a anteflexão produzia maior retorno venoso e pressões de enchimento, provocando falta de ar. Os autores ressaltam que os obesos apresentaram pressão de enchimento mais elevada antes de se dobrarem, tendo, portanto, mais chances de alcançar a pressão limiar necessária para provocar sintomas12.

O presente estudo utilizou o autorrelato para definir algumas variáveis importantes, tais como DPOC; a acurácia do autorrelato de doenças crônicas é geralmente satisfatória41–43. A referência a diagnóstico médico prévio pelo próprio paciente é um método que já foi validado através de estudos clínicos em outros países, tanto para homens como para mulheres44,45. No Brasil, o inquérito domiciliar sobre comportamentos de risco e morbidade referida de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis também utilizou esta metodologia para estabelecer a prevalência de doença isquêmica do coração na população46. Uma importante vantagem do uso do autorrelato é que este tipo de coleta de dados aumenta as possibilidades de comparação internacional dos resultados de estudos, porque existem diferenças substanciais entre as estruturas dos cuidados de saúde em diferentes países, a informação dos registros médicos muitas vezes não são facilmente comparáveis43. Para a DPOC existem relatos de boa acurácia, entretanto com subestimativa de prevalência47. Estas observações levam a afirmar que as análises apresentadas aqui têm um bom nível de reprodutibilidade.

O estudo apresenta algumas limitações. Seu desenho transversal impede que seja estabelecido que a dispneia ocorresse como consequência da IC ou de outras comorbidades. Também é necessário lembrar que, para a definição de flexopneia, utilizou‐se uma definição diferente do teste proposto por Thibodeau et al.12, que parece ter maior especificidade. Ou seja, no presente estudo, indivíduos apenas com dificuldades osteomusculares podem ter sido classificados positivos para flexopneia.

Por outro lado, a questão «sente falta de ar com o esforço» que não contemplou o fator temporal pode ter excluído indivíduos com este tipo de sintoma que, no momento do questionário, estavam compensados e menos sintomáticos.

A avaliação da existência de DPOC sem estudos respiratórios objetivos é outro limite do estudo, porém, existe o fato de serem indivíduos monitorados pelo médico de família e, no geral, conhecem melhor sua condição.

Pode ter havido uma superestimação da prevalência de diabéticos uma vez que não foi realizada uma segunda medida da glicemia.

Devido ao fato de apenas 22 indivíduos apresentarem DPOC, 35 ICFEP e 29 ICFER, os achados sem significância estatística podem refletir falta de poder.

Conclusões

A flexopneia foi o único tipo de dispneia que não se associou às doenças respiratórias e à doença coronariana aterosclerótica. Mesmo após o controle pela depressão e IMC, a flexopneia manteve associação com a IC e com a ICFEP, mostrando‐se como um sintoma promissor para diferenciar a IC dos outros dois grupos de doença. O comportamento dessas associações também pode contribuir para a melhor triagem de pacientes com suspeita de IC e consequente encaminhamento para investigação

Responsabilidades éticasProteção de pessoas e animais

Os autores declaram que para esta investigação não se realizaram experiências em seres humanos e/ou animais.

Confidencialidade dos dados

Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publicação dos dados de pacientes.

Direito à privacidade e consentimento escrito

Os autores declaram ter recebido consentimento escrito dos pacientes e/ou sujeitos mencionados no artigo. O autor para correspondência deve estar na posse deste documento.

Conflito de interesses

Os autores declaram não haver conflito de interesses.

Bibliografia
[1]
J.F. Tessier, C. Nejjari, L. Letenneur, et al.
Dyspnea and 8‐year mortality among elderly men and women: the PAQUID cohort study.
Eur J Epidemiol., 17 (2001), pp. 223-229
[2]
S. Landahl, B. Steen, A. Svanborg.
Dyspnea in 70‐year‐old people.
Acta Med Scand., 207 (1980), pp. 225-230
[3]
A. Ahmed, R.M. Allman, W.S. Aronow, et al.
Diagnosis of heart failure in older adults: predictive value of dyspnea at rest.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr., 38 (2004), pp. 297-307
[4]
M.M. Friedman.
Older adults’ symptoms and their duration before hospitalization for heart failure.
Heart Lung., 26 (1997), pp. 169-176
[5]
K.M. Vuckovic, H.A. DeVon, M.R. Piano.
Measurement of dyspnea in ambulatory African Americans with heart failure and a preserved or reduced ejection fraction.
J Cardiovasc Nurs., 31 (2016), pp. 13-21
[6]
R.L. West, A.F. Hernandez, C.M. O’Connor, et al.
A review of dyspnea in acute heart failure syndromes.
Am Heart J., 160 (2010), pp. 209-214
[7]
P.M. Simon, R.M. Schwartzstein, J.W. Weiss, et al.
Distinguishable types of dyspnea in patients with shortness of breath.
Am Rev Respir Dis., 142 (1990), pp. 1009-1014
[8]
D.A. Mahler, A. Harver, T. Lentine, et al.
Descriptors of breathlessness in cardiorespiratory diseases.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 154 (1996), pp. 1357-1363
[9]
K.K. Ho, K.M. Anderson, W.B. Kannel, et al.
Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects.
Circulation., 88 (1993), pp. 107-115
[10]
X. Fan, Z. Meng.
The mutual association between depressive symptoms and dyspnea in Chinese patients with chronic heart failure.
Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs., 14 (2015), pp. 310-316
[11]
V. Mukerji.
Dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition,
Chapter 11
[12]
J.T. Thibodeau, A.T. Turer, S.K. Gualano, et al.
Characterization of a novel symptom of advanced heart failure: bendopnea.
JACC Heart Fail., 2 (2014), pp. 24-31
[13]
N. Brandon, M.R. Mehra.
“Flexo‐dyspnea”: a novel clinical observation in the heart failure syndrome.
J Heart Lung Transplant., 32 (2013), pp. 844-845
[14]
M.L.G. Rosa, E.T. Mesquita, A.J. Jorge, et al.
Prevalence of chronic diseases in individuals assisted by the family health program in Niteroi, Brazil: evaluation of selection bias and protocol.
Int J Med Res Health Sci., 4 (2015), pp. 587-596
[15]
Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia/Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão/Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 95(1 supl.1): 1‐51.
[16]
A.J. Jorge, M.D. Freire, M.L. Ribeiro, et al.
Utility of B type natriuretic peptide measurement in outpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Rev Port Cardiol., 32 (2013), pp. 647-652
[17]
K. Dickstein, A. Cohen-Solal, G. Filippatos, et al.
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).
Eur Heart J., 29 (2008), pp. 2388-2442
[18]
W.J. Paulus, C. Tschope, J.E. Sanderson, et al.
How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology.
Eur Heart J., 28 (2007), pp. 2539-2550
[19]
G.M. Felker, L.K. Shaw, W.G. Stough, et al.
Anemia in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function.
Am Heart J., 151 (2006), pp. 457-462
[20]
K. Kroenke, R.L. Spitzer, J.B. Williams.
The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.
J Gen Intern Med., 16 (2001), pp. 606-613
[21]
I.S. Santos, B.F. Tavares, T.N. Munhoz, et al.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) among adults from the general population.
Cad Saude Pública., 29 (2013), pp. 1533-1543
[22]
Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.
World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser., 854 (1995), pp. 1-452
[23]
American Diabetes Association.
Standards of medical care in diabetes–2011.
Diabetes Care., 34 (2011), pp. S11-S61
[24]
J.R. Shiber, J. Santana.
Dyspnea.
Med Clin North Am., 90 (2006), pp. 453-479
[25]
P.A. McKee, W.P. Castelli, P.M. McNamara, et al.
The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study.
N Engl J Med., 285 (1971), pp. 1441-1446
[26]
K.J. Carlson, D.C. Lee, A.H. Goroll, et al.
An analysis of physicians’ reasons for prescribing long‐term digitalis therapy in outpatients.
J Chronic Dis., 38 (1985), pp. 733-739
[27]
B. Bozkurt, D.L. Mann.
Cardiology patient page. Shortness of breath.
Circulation., 108 (2003), pp. e11-e13
[28]
N. Albert, K. Trochelman, J. Li, et al.
Signs and symptoms of heart failure: are you asking the right questions.
Am J Crit Care., 19 (2010), pp. 443-452
[29]
W.J. Katon, L. Richardson, P. Lozano, et al.
The relationship of asthma and anxiety disorders.
Psychosom Med., 66 (2004), pp. 349-355
[30]
J.K. Herr, J. Salyer, D.E. Lyon, et al.
Heart failure symptom relationships: a systematic review.
J Cardiovasc Nurs., 29 (2014), pp. 416-422
[31]
G. Scano, F. Gigliotti, L. Stendardi, et al.
Dyspnea and emotional states in health and disease.
Respir Med., 107 (2013), pp. 649-655
[32]
E. Martínez-Moragón, M. Perpiñá, A. Belloch, et al.
Determinants of dyspnea in patients with different grades of stable asthma.
J Asthma., 40 (2003), pp. 375-382
[33]
A. Neuman, M. Gunnbjörnsdottir, A. Tunsäter, et al.
Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study.
Respir Med., 100 (2006), pp. 1843-1849
[34]
J. Tiller, M. Pain, N. Biddle.
Anxiety disorder and perception of inspiratory resistive loads.
Chest., 91 (1987), pp. 547-551
[35]
N.M. Hawkins, M.C. Petrie, P.S. Jhund, et al.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology.
Eur J Heart Fail., 11 (2009), pp. 130-139
[36]
S. Caroci Ade, S.C. Lareau.
Descriptors of dyspnea by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus congestive heart failure.
Heart Lung., 33 (2004), pp. 102-110
[37]
E. Locke, S. Thielke, P. Diehr, et al.
Effects of respiratory and non‐respiratory factors on disability among older adults with airway obstruction: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
[38]
J.A. Bowden, T.H. To, A.P. Abernethy, et al.
Predictors of chronic breathlessness: a large population study.
BMC Public Health., 12. (2011), pp. 33
[39]
T.G. Babb, B.L. Wyrick, D.S. DeLorey, et al.
Fat distribution and end‐expiratory lung volume in lean and obese men and women.
Chest., 134 (2008), pp. 704-711
[40]
J.P. Kress, A.S. Pohlman, J. Alverdy, et al.
The impact of morbid obesity on oxygen cost of breathing (VO(2RESP)) at rest.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 160 (1999), pp. 883-886
[41]
A.M. Lagaay, J.C. van der Meij, W. Hijmans.
Validation of medical history taking as part of a population based survey in subjects aged 85 and over.
BMJ., 304 (1992), pp. 1091-1092
[42]
K. Midthjell, J. Holmen, A. Bjørndal, et al.
Is questionnaire information valid in the study of a chronic disease such as diabetes? The Nord‐Trøndelag diabetes study.
J Epidemiol Community Health., 46 (1992), pp. 537-542
[43]
R. Kehoe, S.Y. Wu, M.C. Leske, et al.
Comparing self‐reported and physician‐reported medical history.
Am J Epidemiol., 139 (1994), pp. 813-818
[44]
N. Haapanen, S. Miilunpalo, M. Pasanen, et al.
Agreement between questionnaire data and medical records of chronic diseases in middle‐aged and elderly Finnish men and women.
Am J Epidemiol., 145 (1997), pp. 762-769
[45]
F.C. Lampe, M. Walker, L.T. Lennon, et al.
Validity of a self‐reported history of doctor‐diagnosed angina.
J Clin Epidemiol., 52 (1999), pp. 73-81
[46]
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância. Inquérito domiciliar sobre comportamentos de risco e morbidade referida de doenças e agravos não‐transmissíveis: Brasil, 15 capitais e Distrito Federal, 2002‐2003. INCA, Rio de Janeiro. 2004.
[47]
R.G. Barr, J. Herbstman, F.E. Speizer, et al.
Validation of self‐reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort study of nurses.
Am J Epidemiol., 155 (2002), pp. 965-971
Copyright © 2016. Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Baixar PDF
Idiomas
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Opções de artigo
Ferramentas
en pt

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Ao assinalar que é «Profissional de Saúde», declara conhecer e aceitar que a responsável pelo tratamento dos dados pessoais dos utilizadores da página de internet da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (RPC), é esta entidade, com sede no Campo Grande, n.º 28, 13.º, 1700-093 Lisboa, com os telefones 217 970 685 e 217 817 630, fax 217 931 095 e com o endereço de correio eletrónico revista@spc.pt. Declaro para todos os fins, que assumo inteira responsabilidade pela veracidade e exatidão da afirmação aqui fornecida.