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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 32-37 (abril 2012)
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Vol. 31. Núm. S1.
Inibição do factor Xa
Páginas 32-37 (abril 2012)
Inibição Do Factor Xa
Open Access
Hemorragia, o calcanhar de Aquiles nos doentes tratados com anticoagulantes. Enfoque nos doentes em fibrilhação auricular
Bleeding, the Achilles’ heel in patients treated with anticoagulants. Approach in patients with atrial fibrillation
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João Morais
Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Leiria, Portugal
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Resumo

A hemorragia é sempre o calcanhar de Aquiles de toda a terapêutica antitrombótica, sendo impensável utilizá-la ignorando as complicações que dela podem advir. O risco hemorrágico levanta problemas muito particulares, designadamente sobre como o prever e como o manejar. A interrupção dos fármacos e transfundir são dois problemas práticos importantes, envolvendo decisões clinicas geralmente muito difíceis. Os novos anticoagulantes orais vêm colocar novos problemas. Se por um lado o seu risco hemorrágico parece ser menor, em especial nas hemorragias intracranianas, ou nas hemorragias potencialmente fatais, a falta de antídoto ou a falta de um teste laboratorial rápido e eficaz para avaliação de eficácia, são argumentos usados pelos seus críticos. O risco hemorrágico é condicionado por factores vários, entre os quais a idade avançada. O doente idoso, por definição é o doente que mais pode sangrar, mas também devido ao risco isquémico que tem é aquele que mais benefício pode colher. No presente trabalho são ainda apresentadas algumas ferramentas usadas para previsão de risco hemorrágico e o impacte clinico que podem ter.

Palavras-chave:
Terapêutica antitrombótica
Risco hemorrágico
Varfarina
Dicumarinícos
Hemorragia intracraniana
Fibrilhação auricular
RNI
Novos anticoagulantes orais
CHA2DS2-VASc
HAS-BLED
Abstract

Bleeding is always the Achilles’ heel of all antithrombotic therapy, being unthinkable to use this type of therapy ignoring the complications that it may arise. The bleeding risk raises very particular problems, namely how to predict it and how to manage it. The withdrawal of antithrombotic drugs and transfusion are two important practical problems, involving clinical decisions that are generally very difficult. The new oral anticoagulants pose new problems. If on the one hand its bleeding risk appears to be less, specially in what concerns intracranial bleeding and potentially life-threatening bleeding, on the other hand the lack of an antidote or the lack of a quick and effective laboratory test to evaluate its efficacy, are arguments used by the critics. The risk of bleeding is conditioned by several factors, among them old age. The elderly patient is, by definition, the patient that can bleed more but also the one that, due to its ischemic risk, can reap more benefit. In this paper some of the tools used to predict the risk of bleeding and its clinical impact are also presented.

Keywords:
Antithrombotic therapy
Bleeding risk
Warfarin
Dicoumarin
Intracranial bleeding
Atrial fibrillation
INR
New oral anticoagulants
CHA2DS2-VASc
HAS-BLED
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