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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os anticoagulantes orais s&#227;o f&#225;rmacos eficazes na preven&#231;&#227;o do acidente vascular cerebral em contexto de fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41; n&#227;o valvular&#46; Atualmente&#44; os anticoagulantes orais diretos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulant</span>&#44; DOAC&#41; s&#227;o recomendados pela Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia como terap&#234;utica de primeira linha para este efeito&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> n&#227;o s&#243; pela efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a demonstradas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> mas tamb&#233;m pelas caracter&#237;sticas farmacol&#243;gicas da classe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> No entanto&#44; o custo superior e o menor contacto com os cuidados de sa&#250;de comparativamente aos antagonistas da vitamina K &#40;AVK&#41; t&#234;m sido apontados como potenciais entraves &#224; ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fraca ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica das doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas &#233; atualmente considerada um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica&#44; respons&#225;vel por elevada morbimortalidade e por custos financeiros avultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> No caso concreto dos DOAC&#44; e atendendo &#224; sua semivida curta&#44; o incumprimento terap&#234;utico pode expor os doentes a um risco acrescido de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos&#46; Apesar da sua relev&#226;ncia para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; existem poucos dados publicados em Portugal sobre a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica aos anticoagulantes em contexto de FA&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; desconhece&#8208;se o impacto de fatores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; econ&#243;micos e cl&#237;nicos no cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#44; e os seus determinantes&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular seguidos na consulta de Cardiologia de um hospital terci&#225;rio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Popula&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo de centro &#250;nico no qual foram avaliados todos os doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#44; seguidos em consulta de Cardiologia&#44; compreendendo 15 cardiologistas assistentes&#46; Foram inclu&#237;dos doentes cuja primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC foi realizada entre 1 de abril de 2016 &#40;data de in&#237;cio da prescri&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria atrav&#233;s da Prescri&#231;&#227;o Eletr&#243;nica M&#233;dica &#91;PEM&#93; no Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> e agosto de 2018 e que mantinham indica&#231;&#227;o para DOAC at&#233; 31 de agosto de 2018&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos doentes cuja terap&#234;utica com DOAC foi iniciada fora desse per&#237;odo&#44; foi suspensa &#40;por falta de indica&#231;&#227;o para anticoagula&#231;&#227;o&#41; antes de 31 de agosto de 2018 ou foi substitu&#237;da por um AVK durante o per&#237;odo avaliado &#40;por obrigatoriedade de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o com esse tipo de f&#225;rmacos&#41;&#46; Foram tamb&#233;m exclu&#237;dos aqueles sob DOAC por outra indica&#231;&#227;o que n&#227;o FA e ainda doentes sem prescri&#231;&#245;es atrav&#233;s da PEM durante pelo menos seis meses&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atrav&#233;s dos registos da consulta&#44; foram identificadas as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas de cada doente e calculados os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span> e HAS&#8208;BLED &#224; data da primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC&#46; Foi ainda identificada a exist&#234;ncia de prescri&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via de AVK&#46; Por fim&#44; foi registada a categoria de pagamento de medicamentos de cada doente &#40;regime geral ou regime especial&#41;&#46; A recolha e o tratamento dos dados foram aprovados pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica local&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica foi avaliada desde o dia da primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC at&#233; ao dia 31 de agosto de 2018&#44; data definida como o fim do seguimento&#46; As embalagens compradas e registas na PEM no per&#237;odo de estudo foram contabilizadas para cada doente&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica foi calculada atrav&#233;s da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medication Refill Adherence</span> &#40;MRA&#41; &#8211; considerado o m&#233;todo mais adequado para este efeito&#44; pela sua simplicidade e efic&#225;cia&#44; entre os v&#225;rios m&#233;todos dispon&#237;veis para calcular a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica atrav&#233;s de registos inform&#225;ticos das farm&#225;cias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Este valor foi obtido dividindo o n&#250;mero de embalagens compradas pelo n&#250;mero de dias do estudo&#44; para cada doente&#46; Tendo em conta a quantidade vari&#225;vel de comprimidos por embalagem e as diferentes posologias de cada DOAC&#44; foi em primeiro lugar calculado&#44; para cada doente&#44; o n&#250;mero de &#8220;dias completos com medica&#231;&#227;o&#8221; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">total days&#8217; supply</span>&#41; que as embalagens levantadas na farm&#225;cia permitiriam tomar&#44; caso o DOAC fosse tomado de forma correta&#46; Posteriormente&#44; este valor foi dividido pelo n&#250;mero de dias em que cada doente foi inclu&#237;do no per&#237;odo de estudo&#44; sendo finalmente multiplicado por 100 para obter o valor percentual de ades&#227;o&#46; Nos casos em que foram adquiridas mais embalagens do que as necess&#225;rias para cumprir adequadamente a terap&#234;utica durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; a ades&#227;o foi arredondada para 100&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consider&#225;mos como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; os doentes com uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica inferior a 90&#37;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o foram descritas como n&#250;mero absoluto e percentagem para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e como m&#233;dia e desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; conforme adequado&#46; Os fatores associados &#224; &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221; aos DOACs na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;10&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos numa an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada para identificar preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS Statistics vers&#227;o 21&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Valores de p &#60; 0&#44;05 &#40;dupla cauda&#41; foram considerados estatisticamente significativos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Caracter&#237;sticas basais</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas basais dos 264 doentes inclu&#237;dos encontram&#8208;se resumidas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; terap&#234;utica anticoagulante &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;&#44; os doentes inclu&#237;dos estiveram sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC durante uma mediana de 439 dias &#40;IIQ 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; o correspondente a 14&#44;4 meses &#40;IIQ 9&#8208;30&#41;&#46; Cerca de um quinto &#40;n &#61; 59&#44; 22&#37;&#41; encontravam&#8208;se previamente anticoagulados com AVK antes de iniciar DOAC&#46; O rivaroxabano foi o DOAC mais frequentemente prescrito&#44; seguido de perto pelo apixabano&#46; Durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; 51 doentes &#40;19&#37;&#41; tomaram pelo menos dois DOACs diferentes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos de pagamento&#44; 89 doentes encontravam&#8208;se abrangidos pelo regime especial&#44; tendo por isso maior comparticipa&#231;&#227;o no valor pago pelo medicamento&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A popula&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;da aderiu &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC em mediana 90&#37; do tempo &#40;IIQ 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#46; Apenas um ter&#231;o dos doentes &#40;n &#61; 84&#44; 32&#37;&#41; teve uma ades&#227;o total &#224; terap&#234;utica durante o per&#237;odo avaliado &#40;correspondendo a 100&#37; de ades&#227;o&#41;&#46; Analisando por DOAC&#44; a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica mediana foi 91&#37; &#40;IIQ 74&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o rivaroxabano&#44; 87&#37; &#40;IIQ 74&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o apixabano&#44; 82&#37; &#40;IIQ 48&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o dabigatrano e 96&#37; &#40;IIQ 83&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o edoxabano&#44; sem diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre cada um dos DOACs &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;102&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">N&#227;o ades&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 134 doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; foram classificados como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; &#40;ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#41;&#44; sendo a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica mediana neste grupo significativamente inferior &#224; dos doentes classificados como &#8220;aderentes&#8221; &#91;75&#37; &#40;IIQ 57&#8208;84&#37;&#41; contra 100&#37; &#40;IIQ 97&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&#44; p &#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas na propor&#231;&#227;o de doentes &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; a cada um dos DOACs &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;13&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#58; a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;06 por cada m&#234;s&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a toma de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;73&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;75&#44; p &#61;0&#44;022&#41; e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral &#40;OR ajustado 2&#44;13&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;003&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabela 4</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram identificados outros fatores determinantes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o entre as restantes caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas &#40;sexo&#44; idade&#44; comorbilidades&#44; eventos tromboemb&#243;licos ou hemorr&#225;gicos pr&#233;vios&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> de risco isqu&#233;mico e risco hemorr&#225;gico&#41; ou da terap&#234;utica anticoagulante &#40;terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK ou troca de DOAC&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diminui&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica nas doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas &#233; um problema sobejamente conhecido da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; do qual a terap&#234;utica com DOACs n&#227;o ser&#225; exce&#231;&#227;o&#46; A reduzida ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica anticoagulante&#44; e n&#227;o a sua inefic&#225;cia&#44; foi j&#225; associada &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de AVCs isqu&#233;micos em doentes cronicamente anticoagulados por FA&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar n&#227;o s&#243; a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica em contexto de FA&#44; mas tamb&#233;m procurar esclarecer o impacto de fatores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; econ&#243;micos e cl&#237;nicos no cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; identificando alvos para poss&#237;veis interven&#231;&#245;es futuras na nossa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o&#44; a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC verificou&#8208;se&#44; em mediana&#44; em 90&#37; do per&#237;odo em an&#225;lise&#46; No entanto&#44; apenas um ter&#231;o dos doentes teve uma ades&#227;o de 100&#37; durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; estando os restantes dois ter&#231;os da popula&#231;&#227;o sem prote&#231;&#227;o para eventos tromboemb&#243;licos em per&#237;odos vari&#225;veis de tempo&#44; como se observa na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#46; Em compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estudos de DOACs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> estes resultados s&#227;o ligeiramente melhores do que os reportados&#59; no entanto&#44; a maioria das an&#225;lises dispon&#237;veis reporta n&#227;o o tempo sob terap&#234;utica&#44; mas sim a percentagem de doentes cumpridores&#44; ap&#243;s defini&#231;&#227;o de um valor para se considerar que existe ou n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; consider&#225;mos como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; os doentes com uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica inferior a 90&#37;&#46; Em muitas patologias&#44; s&#227;o considerados aderentes os doentes que cumprem a terap&#234;utica adequadamente em mais de 80&#37; do tempo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> No entanto&#44; n&#227;o existe um valor universalmente definido na literatura&#44; variando consoante as patologias&#44; os m&#233;todos de avalia&#231;&#227;o e f&#225;rmacos em quest&#227;o&#46; O valor escolhido teve em conta a gravidade dos eventos que os DOAC pretendem prevenir e o impacto potencial praticamente imediato do incumprimento terap&#234;utico neste contexto&#44; tendo em conta a sua curta semivida&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Utilizando uma ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37; como crit&#233;rio para definir &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221;&#44; verificamos que&#44; &#224; semelhan&#231;a de outras patologias cr&#243;nicas&#44; tamb&#233;m aqui cerca de 50&#37; dos doentes s&#227;o classificados como incumpridores&#44; achado j&#225; descrito noutros estudos de DOAC reportados ao mesmo ponto de corte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> O car&#225;ter preventivo da terap&#234;utica com DOACs pode explicar este facto&#44; dado que a aus&#234;ncia de melhoria sintom&#225;tica associada &#224; sua toma os acaba por tornar especialmente suscet&#237;veis ao incumprimento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Curiosamente&#44; mesmo em doentes da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o cuja terap&#234;utica foi institu&#237;da em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria &#40;16&#37; com eventos tromboemb&#243;licos sist&#233;micos pr&#233;vios&#41;&#44; n&#227;o se verificaram diferen&#231;as na ades&#227;o&#46; Apesar de n&#227;o ter sido avaliado o efeito do incumprimento terap&#234;utico nos eventos isqu&#233;micos ou hemorr&#225;gicos durante o per&#237;odo em estudo&#44; esta associa&#231;&#227;o j&#225; foi previamente confirmada para v&#225;rias terap&#234;uticas cardiovasculares&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> incluindo os DOACs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a toma de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A associa&#231;&#227;o entre uma maior dura&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a&#47;tratamento e a menor ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica foi previamente descrita em v&#225;rios contextos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> e o nosso estudo confirma esse impacto tamb&#233;m nos DOACs&#58; a probabilidade de deixar de cumprir o DOAC prescrito aumentou com uma maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;6&#37; de maior probabilidade de incumprimento a cada m&#234;s de tratamento&#41;&#46; Pela facilidade de manejo&#44; a sua introdu&#231;&#227;o &#233; suscet&#237;vel a ser feita sem seguimento apertado&#59; estes dados refor&#231;am a necessidade de reavalia&#231;&#227;o precoce&#44; monitora&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua e educa&#231;&#227;o para a toma da medica&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; posologia&#44; a prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria aumentou quase duas vezes a probabilidade de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; A ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica relaciona&#8208;se com o n&#250;mero de doses tomadas diariamente para cada medicamento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> e foi j&#225; verificada a associa&#231;&#227;o entre esquemas posol&#243;gicos com tomas unidi&#225;rias e uma maior probabilidade de ades&#227;o &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o cr&#243;nica em doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> A posologia unidi&#225;ria &#233; mais conveniente e estudos semelhantes confirmam uma maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOACs com esta posologia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Apesar de n&#227;o ter sido avaliado o impacto da diferente ades&#227;o entre posologias em termos de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a&#44; estudos anteriores mostram que a posologia unidi&#225;ria parece ser t&#227;o eficaz como a posologia bidi&#225;ria na preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos como o acidente vascular cerebral e o tromboembolismo venoso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; apesar da toma unidi&#225;ria poder aumentar a ades&#227;o absoluta&#44; os esquemas bidi&#225;rios podem ser mais &#8220;permissivos&#8221; em termos de consequ&#234;ncias farmacocin&#233;ticas nos doentes menos cumpridores&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> uma hip&#243;tese baseada em modelos farmacol&#243;gicos&#44; mas ainda n&#227;o confirmada em ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao custo&#44; o pagamento em regime geral traduziu&#8208;se numa probabilidade mais de duas vezes superior de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; Em doentes abrangidos pelo regime especial&#44; o pre&#231;o de cada embalagem de DOAC &#233; cerca de metade daquele pago pelos restantes doentes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> tornando&#8208;o mais acess&#237;vel&#59; este achado vai de encontro &#224; perce&#231;&#227;o emp&#237;rica de que o pre&#231;o dos DOACs continua a ser um entrave para a nossa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46; Uma solu&#231;&#227;o para este problema seria aumentar a comparticipa&#231;&#227;o do regime geral&#44; dado que&#44; apesar do seu custo elevado&#44; os estudos populacionais de custo&#8208;efetividade realizados at&#233; &#224; data suportam o uso dos DOACs em detrimento dos AVK&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> tendo em conta os ganhos em anos de qualidade de vida e a menor utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados de sa&#250;de pelo n&#250;mero de eventos prevenidos&#46; Pomos tamb&#233;m a hip&#243;tese de que o pre&#231;o elevado leve a uma &#8220;gest&#227;o&#8221; da medica&#231;&#227;o pelos doentes&#44; omitindo algumas tomas com o objetivo de prolongar a dura&#231;&#227;o de cada embalagem e reduzir os gastos mensais&#46; Est&#227;o j&#225; descritas taxas de toma erradamente unidi&#225;ria de 27&#37; e 30&#37; para o dabigatrano e o apixabano&#44; respetivamente&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> a nossa hip&#243;tese poder&#225; explicar esses dados e justificar tamb&#233;m a menor ades&#227;o aos DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria encontrada neste estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fatores demogr&#225;ficos como a idade e o sexo n&#227;o influenciaram a ades&#227;o&#44; bem como as v&#225;rias comorbilidades presentes&#46; Um maior risco tromboemb&#243;lico &#40;traduzido pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span>&#41; e a toma de AVK antes da introdu&#231;&#227;o do DOAC n&#227;o influenciaram o cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; apesar de ambos terem sido previamente associados com uma maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;22</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Compara&#231;&#227;o entre DOACs</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas na ades&#227;o a cada um dos quatro f&#225;rmacos &#40;quer em termos absolutos&#44; quer na classifica&#231;&#227;o como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221;&#41;&#44; ao contr&#225;rio de estudos anteriores que demonstravam maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com apixabano&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> dabigatrano<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> ou rivaroxabano&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> No entanto&#44; a amostra pouco representativa de cada um destes f&#225;rmacos n&#227;o permite tirar conclus&#245;es sobre compara&#231;&#245;es entre DOACs&#44; sendo necess&#225;rios estudos com popula&#231;&#245;es maiores&#44; idealmente randomizados&#44; para possibilitar compara&#231;&#245;es de ades&#227;o &#40;al&#233;m de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a&#41;&#46; H&#225; ainda a referir que os dados apresentados n&#227;o foram ajustados para poss&#237;veis fatores confundidores de ordem n&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; tais como as diferentes datas de introdu&#231;&#227;o no mercado &#40;dando&#44; por exemplo&#44; vantagem ao edoxabano&#44; mais recentemente introduzido e por isso hipoteticamente com menor dura&#231;&#227;o de institui&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em doentes cujo DOAC foi alterado durante o per&#237;odo em an&#225;lise&#44; essa altera&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o influenciou o cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; sugerindo que&#44; qualquer que fosse o motivo da troca &#40;por efeito adverso ou n&#227;o&#41;&#44; esta n&#227;o afetou a forma como cada doente adere a esta medica&#231;&#227;o em particular&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em suma&#44; os nossos resultados revelam uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica insuficiente na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e identificam poss&#237;veis alvos para melhorar o cumprimento da terap&#234;utica com DOAC na FA&#44; relembrando a necessidade de manter seguimento regular destes doentes&#46; A impossibilidade da prescri&#231;&#227;o de receitas renov&#225;veis para este tipo de f&#225;rmacos pode tamb&#233;m ser um entrave &#224; sua ades&#227;o mantida no tempo&#44; constituindo outro poss&#237;vel alvo de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Pela facilidade de introdu&#231;&#227;o e manejo dos DOACs em compara&#231;&#227;o com os AVK&#44; a preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos em doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular poder&#225; ter agora o seu principal desafio no desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de adequada ades&#227;o e persist&#234;ncia terap&#234;utica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Limita&#231;&#245;es</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo representa os resultados de um &#250;nico centro terci&#225;rio&#44; podendo existir diferen&#231;as de ades&#227;o e seus fatores influenciadores n&#227;o s&#243; em rela&#231;&#227;o a outros centros&#44; mas tamb&#233;m em rela&#231;&#227;o a consultas de outras especialidades hospitalares e ainda a doentes seguidos nos Cuidados de Sa&#250;de Prim&#225;rios&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A contabiliza&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de embalagens levantadas na farm&#225;cia &#40;necess&#225;ria para o c&#225;lculo da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#41;&#44; feita atrav&#233;s da consulta individual dos registos da PEM de cada doente&#44; tornou este m&#233;todo moroso&#46; A consulta da PEM tem ainda a desvantagem de n&#227;o incluir receitas manuais ou receitu&#225;rios realizados em plataformas fora do Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de &#40;apesar da tentativa de minimizar o impacto deste tipo de prescri&#231;&#227;o&#44; ao excluir doentes sem receitas na PEM durante pelo menos seis meses&#41;&#46; A automatiza&#231;&#227;o destes registos&#44; bem como a inclus&#227;o de todos os tipos de receitas e plataformas numa base de dados comum nacional&#44; poderia ser uma arma cl&#237;nica &#250;til para monitorar a ades&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o avaliada pode ter sido subestimada por per&#237;odos de interrup&#231;&#227;o por indica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica &#40;devido a complica&#231;&#245;es da terap&#234;utica&#44; procedimentos eletivos ou outros motivos&#41;&#44; bem como per&#237;odos de internamento do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; esta foi uma an&#225;lise realizada de forma retrospetiva&#44; com as suas limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes&#46; Foi ainda um estudo de corte transversal&#44; n&#227;o permitindo avaliar a tend&#234;ncia da ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica em diferentes pontos do per&#237;odo estudado&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Metade dos doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; com FA sob DOAC foi classificada como n&#227;o aderente &#40;ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#41;&#46; A maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento em regime geral foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#44; podendo constituir alvos de interven&#231;&#227;o para melhorar o perfil de cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Financiamento</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o ter havido qualquer financiamento para a realiza&#231;&#227;o deste estudo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Ferreira recebeu honor&#225;rios como consultor e palestrante da Boehringer&#8208;Ingelheim&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica"
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              "titulo" => "N&#227;o ades&#227;o"
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          "titulo" => "Discuss&#227;o"
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              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica"
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              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o"
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              "titulo" => "Compara&#231;&#227;o entre DOACs"
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              "titulo" => "Limita&#231;&#245;es"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-06-04"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-08"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1411992"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular"
            1 => "Anticoagulantes orais diretos"
            2 => "Ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Atrial fibrillation"
            1 => "Direct oral anticoagulants"
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        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os anticoagulantes diretos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct anticoagulants</span>&#44; DOACs&#41; mudaram o panorama do tratamento da fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41;&#44; trazendo novos desafios de acessibilidade e ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica com DOACs&#44; e os seus fatores determinantes&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com FA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo de centro &#250;nico incluindo doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC seguidos em consulta de Cardiologia&#44; cuja primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC foi realizada entre 1 de abril de 2016 e agosto de 2018&#46; Foram contabilizadas as embalagens de DOAC levantadas desde a primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o at&#233; 31 de agosto de 2018&#44; utilizando a Prescri&#231;&#227;o Eletr&#243;nica M&#233;dica&#46; Foi calculada a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica atrav&#233;s da divis&#227;o entre o n&#250;mero de dias cobertos pela dispensa efetiva na farm&#225;cia e os dias sob terap&#234;utica&#46; Definiu&#8208;se &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221; como uma ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 264 doentes &#40;120 homens&#44; idade m&#233;dia 74 &#177; 12 anos&#41;&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span> mediano foi 3 &#40;IIQ 2&#8208;5&#41; e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> HAS&#8208;BLED mediano foi 1 &#40;IIQ 1&#8208;2&#41;&#46; Os DOAC rivaroxabano&#44; apixabano&#44; dabigatrano e edoxabano foram prescritos em 45&#37;&#44; 41&#37;&#44; 24&#37; e 13&#37; dos doentes&#44; respetivamente&#46; Ao longo do per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; 51 doentes &#40;19&#37;&#41; tomaram pelo menos dois DOACs diferentes&#46; Os doentes estiveram sob DOAC durante uma mediana de 439 dias &#40;IIQ 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; durante os quais aderiram &#224; terap&#234;utica em mediana 90&#37; &#40;IIQ 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41; do tempo&#46; Cerca de metade &#40;51&#37;&#41; dos doentes foi considerada n&#227;o aderente&#59; a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;06&#47;m&#234;s&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a toma de DOAC com posologia bidi&#225;ria &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;73&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;75&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral &#40;OR ajustado 2&#44;13&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;003&#41; foram preditores independentes de &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metade dos doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; com FA sob DOAC foram classificados como n&#227;o aderentes &#40;ades&#227;o &#60; 90&#37;&#41;&#46; A maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento em regime geral foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#44; podendo constituir alvos de interven&#231;&#227;o para melhorar o perfil de cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Direct oral anticoagulants &#40;DOACs&#41; changed the landscape of atrial fibrillation &#40;AF&#41; treatment&#44; but also brought new challenges in terms of accessibility and compliance&#46; The purpose of this study was to assess adherence to DOACs&#44; and predictors of adherence in a population of AF patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Single&#8208;center retrospective study including all patients with non&#8208;valvular AF treated with a DOAC and followed in outpatient general cardiology&#44; whose first DOAC prescription was between 1 April 2016 to August 2018&#46; The number of pharmacy refills from the day of first prescription to 31 August 2018 was counted &#40;by means of an electronic prescription platform&#41;&#46; Medication refill adherence &#40;MRA&#41; was calculated by dividing the total days of supply by the number of days under therapy&#46; Non&#8208;compliance was defined as MRA &#60;90&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 264 patients &#40;120 men&#44; mean age 74 &#91;PLEASE INSERT SYMBOL&#93; 12 years&#41; met the inclusion criteria&#46; The median CHA2DS2VASC score was 3 &#40;interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; 2&#8208;5&#41; and the median HAS&#8208;BLED was 1 &#40;IQR 1&#8208;2&#41;&#46; Rivaroxaban&#44; apixaban&#44; dabigatran and edoxaban were prescribed in 45&#37;&#44; 41&#37;&#44; 24&#37; and 13&#37; of patients&#44; respectively&#46; Throughout the study&#44; 51 patients &#40;19&#37;&#41; used at least two DOACs&#46; Patients were under DOAC for a median period of 439 days &#40;IQR 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; during which the included population adhered to therapy 90&#37; of the time &#40;IQR 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&#46; Half of the patients &#40;51&#37;&#41; were classified as non&#8208;compliant&#59; therapy duration &#40;adjusted odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; 1&#46;06 per month&#44; 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41; 1&#46;03&#8208;1&#46;08&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; taking DOACs with b&#46;i&#46;d&#46; &#40;adjusted OR 1&#46;73&#44; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8208;2&#46;75&#44; p&#61;0&#46;022&#41;&#44; and higher medication copayments &#40;adjusted OR 2&#46;13&#44; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;28&#8208;3&#46;45&#44; p&#61;0&#46;003&#41; were independent predictors of non&#8208;compliance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Half of the patients &#40;51&#37;&#41; were classified as non&#8208;compliant &#40;medication refill adherence &#60; 90&#37;&#41;&#46; Therapy duration&#44; DOACs with b&#46;i&#46;d&#46; posology and higher medication copayments were independent predictors of non&#8208;compliance&#44; which might be targets to improve patient adherence&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
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            "titulo" => "Methods"
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            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AIT &#8211; acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio&#59; AVC &#8211; acidente vascular cerebral&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; ou mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#61; 264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Idade &#40;anos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">148 &#40;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">197 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">AVC &#47; AIT &#47; tromboembolismo sist&#233;micoAVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;16&#37;&#41;21 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Definida como qualquer hemorragia com necessidade de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e&#47;ou causando queda da hemoglobina &#62; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;L e&#47;ou motivando transfus&#227;o &#40;excluindo AVC hemorr&#225;gico&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
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          0 => array:3 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AVK &#8211; antagonista da vitamina K&#59; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulant</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Terap&#234;utica anticoagulante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DOAC</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rivaroxabano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apixabano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dabigatrano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edoxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119 &#40;45&#37;&#41;109 &#40;41&#37;&#41;62 &#40;24&#37;&#41;33 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Troca de DOAC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;22&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas da terap&#234;utica anticoagulante</p>"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
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            "rol" => "short"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulante</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o aderentes &#40;&#60; 90&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rivaroxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#37; &#40;74&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p &#61; 0&#44;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p &#61; 0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apixabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#37; &#40;74&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dabigatrano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#37; &#40;48&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edoxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&#37; &#40;83&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#37; &#40;75&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica &#8211; an&#225;lise por DOAC</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AIT &#8211; acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio&#59; AVC &#8211; acidente vascular cerebral&#59; AVK &#8211; antagonista da vitamina K&#59; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulante</span>&#59; IC 95&#37; &#8211; intervalo de confian&#231;a 95&#37;&#59; IIQ &#8211; intervalo interquartil&#59; OR &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio&#46;</span></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR ajustado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97&#8208;1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo &#40;masculino&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72&#8208;1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AVC &#47; AIT &#47; tromboembolismo sist&#233;micoAVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;880&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;64&#8208;1&#44;140&#44;52&#8208;1&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;300&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Depura&#231;&#227;o de creatinina &#40;ml&#47;min&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antecedentes de hemorragia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Terap&#234;utica concomitante com antiagregantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83&#8208;1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HAS&#8208;BLED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79&#8208;1&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Posologia bidi&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Troca de DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica com DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60; 0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pagamento em regime geral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Calculada atrav&#233;s da equa&#231;&#227;o de Cockroft&#8208;Gault&#46;</p>"
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              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;&#42;"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</p>"
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      ]
    ]
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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                          "colaboracion" => "2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; 1 Kirchhof"
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Real&#8208;World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin&#8208;K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin&#8208;K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation&#46; A Systematic Review and Meta&#8208;Analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            2 => "K&#46; Makaritsis"
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                      "doi" => "10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017549"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non&#8208;vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            2 => "T&#46;S&#46; Potpara"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehy136"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020337"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46; Adherence to long&#8208;term therapies&#58; evidence for action&#46; 2003&#44; 216 pages &#91;English&#93;&#46; ISBN 92 4 154599 2&#46;"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Despacho n&#46;&#40;2935&#8208;B&#47;2016&#44; do Gabinete do Secret&#225;rio de Estado da Sa&#250;de&#44; publicado na Parte C do DR&#44; II&#170; S&#233;rie n&#46;&#40;39&#44; de 26 de Fevereiro &#8208; https&#58;&#47;&#47;dre&#46;pt&#47;pesquisa&#47;&#8208;&#47;search&#47;73723295&#47;details&#47;normal&#63;l&#61;1&#46;&#40;consultado a 15&#47;09&#47;2018&#41;&#46;"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Measurement of Adherence in Pharmacy Administrative Databases&#58; A Proposal for Standard Definitions and Preferred Measures"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;M&#46; Hess"
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                            2 => "D&#46;A&#46; Conner"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1345/aph.1H018"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Pharmacother"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1280"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1288"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868217"
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                      "titulo" => "Acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#233;mico em doentes previamente anticoagulados por fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular n&#227;o valvular&#58; por que acontece&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Fernandes"
                            1 => "J&#46; Sargento-Freitas"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.06.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "117"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Adherence and outcomes to direct oral anticoagulants among patients with atrial fibrillation&#58; findings from the veterans health administration"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;T&#46; Borne"
                            1 => "C&#46; O&#8217;Donnell"
                            2 => "M&#46;P&#46; Turakhia"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12872¿017¿0671¿6"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Cardiovascular Disorders&#46;"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865440"
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                      "titulo" => "Real&#8208;World Adherence and Persistence with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Adults with Atrial Fibrillation"
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Adesão à terapêutica com anticoagulantes diretos em doentes com fibrilhação auricular não valvular – uma análise de mundo real
Medication adherence to direct anticoagulants in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation – a real world analysis
Catarina Brízido
Autor para correspondência
brizidocatarina@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, António Miguel Ferreira, Pedro Lopes, Christopher Strong, Gustavo Sá Mendes, Francisco Fernandes Gama, Anaí Durazzo, Gustavo Rocha Rodrigues, Daniel Matos, Sara Guerreiro, Sérgio Madeira, Jorge Ferreira, Pedro Adragão, Miguel Mendes
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os anticoagulantes orais s&#227;o f&#225;rmacos eficazes na preven&#231;&#227;o do acidente vascular cerebral em contexto de fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41; n&#227;o valvular&#46; Atualmente&#44; os anticoagulantes orais diretos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulant</span>&#44; DOAC&#41; s&#227;o recomendados pela Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia como terap&#234;utica de primeira linha para este efeito&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> n&#227;o s&#243; pela efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a demonstradas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> mas tamb&#233;m pelas caracter&#237;sticas farmacol&#243;gicas da classe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> No entanto&#44; o custo superior e o menor contacto com os cuidados de sa&#250;de comparativamente aos antagonistas da vitamina K &#40;AVK&#41; t&#234;m sido apontados como potenciais entraves &#224; ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fraca ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica das doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas &#233; atualmente considerada um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica&#44; respons&#225;vel por elevada morbimortalidade e por custos financeiros avultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> No caso concreto dos DOAC&#44; e atendendo &#224; sua semivida curta&#44; o incumprimento terap&#234;utico pode expor os doentes a um risco acrescido de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos&#46; Apesar da sua relev&#226;ncia para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; existem poucos dados publicados em Portugal sobre a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica aos anticoagulantes em contexto de FA&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; desconhece&#8208;se o impacto de fatores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; econ&#243;micos e cl&#237;nicos no cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#44; e os seus determinantes&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular seguidos na consulta de Cardiologia de um hospital terci&#225;rio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Popula&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo de centro &#250;nico no qual foram avaliados todos os doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#44; seguidos em consulta de Cardiologia&#44; compreendendo 15 cardiologistas assistentes&#46; Foram inclu&#237;dos doentes cuja primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC foi realizada entre 1 de abril de 2016 &#40;data de in&#237;cio da prescri&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria atrav&#233;s da Prescri&#231;&#227;o Eletr&#243;nica M&#233;dica &#91;PEM&#93; no Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> e agosto de 2018 e que mantinham indica&#231;&#227;o para DOAC at&#233; 31 de agosto de 2018&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos doentes cuja terap&#234;utica com DOAC foi iniciada fora desse per&#237;odo&#44; foi suspensa &#40;por falta de indica&#231;&#227;o para anticoagula&#231;&#227;o&#41; antes de 31 de agosto de 2018 ou foi substitu&#237;da por um AVK durante o per&#237;odo avaliado &#40;por obrigatoriedade de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o com esse tipo de f&#225;rmacos&#41;&#46; Foram tamb&#233;m exclu&#237;dos aqueles sob DOAC por outra indica&#231;&#227;o que n&#227;o FA e ainda doentes sem prescri&#231;&#245;es atrav&#233;s da PEM durante pelo menos seis meses&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atrav&#233;s dos registos da consulta&#44; foram identificadas as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas de cada doente e calculados os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span> e HAS&#8208;BLED &#224; data da primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC&#46; Foi ainda identificada a exist&#234;ncia de prescri&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via de AVK&#46; Por fim&#44; foi registada a categoria de pagamento de medicamentos de cada doente &#40;regime geral ou regime especial&#41;&#46; A recolha e o tratamento dos dados foram aprovados pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica local&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica foi avaliada desde o dia da primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC at&#233; ao dia 31 de agosto de 2018&#44; data definida como o fim do seguimento&#46; As embalagens compradas e registas na PEM no per&#237;odo de estudo foram contabilizadas para cada doente&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica foi calculada atrav&#233;s da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medication Refill Adherence</span> &#40;MRA&#41; &#8211; considerado o m&#233;todo mais adequado para este efeito&#44; pela sua simplicidade e efic&#225;cia&#44; entre os v&#225;rios m&#233;todos dispon&#237;veis para calcular a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica atrav&#233;s de registos inform&#225;ticos das farm&#225;cias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Este valor foi obtido dividindo o n&#250;mero de embalagens compradas pelo n&#250;mero de dias do estudo&#44; para cada doente&#46; Tendo em conta a quantidade vari&#225;vel de comprimidos por embalagem e as diferentes posologias de cada DOAC&#44; foi em primeiro lugar calculado&#44; para cada doente&#44; o n&#250;mero de &#8220;dias completos com medica&#231;&#227;o&#8221; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">total days&#8217; supply</span>&#41; que as embalagens levantadas na farm&#225;cia permitiriam tomar&#44; caso o DOAC fosse tomado de forma correta&#46; Posteriormente&#44; este valor foi dividido pelo n&#250;mero de dias em que cada doente foi inclu&#237;do no per&#237;odo de estudo&#44; sendo finalmente multiplicado por 100 para obter o valor percentual de ades&#227;o&#46; Nos casos em que foram adquiridas mais embalagens do que as necess&#225;rias para cumprir adequadamente a terap&#234;utica durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; a ades&#227;o foi arredondada para 100&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consider&#225;mos como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; os doentes com uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica inferior a 90&#37;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o foram descritas como n&#250;mero absoluto e percentagem para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e como m&#233;dia e desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; conforme adequado&#46; Os fatores associados &#224; &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221; aos DOACs na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;10&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos numa an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada para identificar preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS Statistics vers&#227;o 21&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Valores de p &#60; 0&#44;05 &#40;dupla cauda&#41; foram considerados estatisticamente significativos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Caracter&#237;sticas basais</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas basais dos 264 doentes inclu&#237;dos encontram&#8208;se resumidas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; terap&#234;utica anticoagulante &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;&#44; os doentes inclu&#237;dos estiveram sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC durante uma mediana de 439 dias &#40;IIQ 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; o correspondente a 14&#44;4 meses &#40;IIQ 9&#8208;30&#41;&#46; Cerca de um quinto &#40;n &#61; 59&#44; 22&#37;&#41; encontravam&#8208;se previamente anticoagulados com AVK antes de iniciar DOAC&#46; O rivaroxabano foi o DOAC mais frequentemente prescrito&#44; seguido de perto pelo apixabano&#46; Durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; 51 doentes &#40;19&#37;&#41; tomaram pelo menos dois DOACs diferentes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos de pagamento&#44; 89 doentes encontravam&#8208;se abrangidos pelo regime especial&#44; tendo por isso maior comparticipa&#231;&#227;o no valor pago pelo medicamento&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A popula&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;da aderiu &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC em mediana 90&#37; do tempo &#40;IIQ 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#46; Apenas um ter&#231;o dos doentes &#40;n &#61; 84&#44; 32&#37;&#41; teve uma ades&#227;o total &#224; terap&#234;utica durante o per&#237;odo avaliado &#40;correspondendo a 100&#37; de ades&#227;o&#41;&#46; Analisando por DOAC&#44; a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica mediana foi 91&#37; &#40;IIQ 74&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o rivaroxabano&#44; 87&#37; &#40;IIQ 74&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o apixabano&#44; 82&#37; &#40;IIQ 48&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o dabigatrano e 96&#37; &#40;IIQ 83&#8208;100&#37;&#41; para o edoxabano&#44; sem diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre cada um dos DOACs &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;102&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">N&#227;o ades&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 134 doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; foram classificados como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; &#40;ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#41;&#44; sendo a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica mediana neste grupo significativamente inferior &#224; dos doentes classificados como &#8220;aderentes&#8221; &#91;75&#37; &#40;IIQ 57&#8208;84&#37;&#41; contra 100&#37; &#40;IIQ 97&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&#44; p &#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas na propor&#231;&#227;o de doentes &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; a cada um dos DOACs &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;13&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#58; a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;06 por cada m&#234;s&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a toma de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;73&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;75&#44; p &#61;0&#44;022&#41; e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral &#40;OR ajustado 2&#44;13&#44; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;003&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabela 4</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram identificados outros fatores determinantes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o entre as restantes caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas &#40;sexo&#44; idade&#44; comorbilidades&#44; eventos tromboemb&#243;licos ou hemorr&#225;gicos pr&#233;vios&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> de risco isqu&#233;mico e risco hemorr&#225;gico&#41; ou da terap&#234;utica anticoagulante &#40;terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK ou troca de DOAC&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diminui&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica nas doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas &#233; um problema sobejamente conhecido da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; do qual a terap&#234;utica com DOACs n&#227;o ser&#225; exce&#231;&#227;o&#46; A reduzida ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica anticoagulante&#44; e n&#227;o a sua inefic&#225;cia&#44; foi j&#225; associada &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de AVCs isqu&#233;micos em doentes cronicamente anticoagulados por FA&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar n&#227;o s&#243; a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica em contexto de FA&#44; mas tamb&#233;m procurar esclarecer o impacto de fatores demogr&#225;ficos&#44; econ&#243;micos e cl&#237;nicos no cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; identificando alvos para poss&#237;veis interven&#231;&#245;es futuras na nossa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o&#44; a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC verificou&#8208;se&#44; em mediana&#44; em 90&#37; do per&#237;odo em an&#225;lise&#46; No entanto&#44; apenas um ter&#231;o dos doentes teve uma ades&#227;o de 100&#37; durante o per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; estando os restantes dois ter&#231;os da popula&#231;&#227;o sem prote&#231;&#227;o para eventos tromboemb&#243;licos em per&#237;odos vari&#225;veis de tempo&#44; como se observa na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#46; Em compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estudos de DOACs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> estes resultados s&#227;o ligeiramente melhores do que os reportados&#59; no entanto&#44; a maioria das an&#225;lises dispon&#237;veis reporta n&#227;o o tempo sob terap&#234;utica&#44; mas sim a percentagem de doentes cumpridores&#44; ap&#243;s defini&#231;&#227;o de um valor para se considerar que existe ou n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; consider&#225;mos como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221; os doentes com uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica inferior a 90&#37;&#46; Em muitas patologias&#44; s&#227;o considerados aderentes os doentes que cumprem a terap&#234;utica adequadamente em mais de 80&#37; do tempo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> No entanto&#44; n&#227;o existe um valor universalmente definido na literatura&#44; variando consoante as patologias&#44; os m&#233;todos de avalia&#231;&#227;o e f&#225;rmacos em quest&#227;o&#46; O valor escolhido teve em conta a gravidade dos eventos que os DOAC pretendem prevenir e o impacto potencial praticamente imediato do incumprimento terap&#234;utico neste contexto&#44; tendo em conta a sua curta semivida&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Utilizando uma ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37; como crit&#233;rio para definir &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221;&#44; verificamos que&#44; &#224; semelhan&#231;a de outras patologias cr&#243;nicas&#44; tamb&#233;m aqui cerca de 50&#37; dos doentes s&#227;o classificados como incumpridores&#44; achado j&#225; descrito noutros estudos de DOAC reportados ao mesmo ponto de corte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> O car&#225;ter preventivo da terap&#234;utica com DOACs pode explicar este facto&#44; dado que a aus&#234;ncia de melhoria sintom&#225;tica associada &#224; sua toma os acaba por tornar especialmente suscet&#237;veis ao incumprimento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Curiosamente&#44; mesmo em doentes da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o cuja terap&#234;utica foi institu&#237;da em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria &#40;16&#37; com eventos tromboemb&#243;licos sist&#233;micos pr&#233;vios&#41;&#44; n&#227;o se verificaram diferen&#231;as na ades&#227;o&#46; Apesar de n&#227;o ter sido avaliado o efeito do incumprimento terap&#234;utico nos eventos isqu&#233;micos ou hemorr&#225;gicos durante o per&#237;odo em estudo&#44; esta associa&#231;&#227;o j&#225; foi previamente confirmada para v&#225;rias terap&#234;uticas cardiovasculares&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> incluindo os DOACs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a toma de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A associa&#231;&#227;o entre uma maior dura&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a&#47;tratamento e a menor ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica foi previamente descrita em v&#225;rios contextos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> e o nosso estudo confirma esse impacto tamb&#233;m nos DOACs&#58; a probabilidade de deixar de cumprir o DOAC prescrito aumentou com uma maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;6&#37; de maior probabilidade de incumprimento a cada m&#234;s de tratamento&#41;&#46; Pela facilidade de manejo&#44; a sua introdu&#231;&#227;o &#233; suscet&#237;vel a ser feita sem seguimento apertado&#59; estes dados refor&#231;am a necessidade de reavalia&#231;&#227;o precoce&#44; monitora&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua e educa&#231;&#227;o para a toma da medica&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; posologia&#44; a prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria aumentou quase duas vezes a probabilidade de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; A ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica relaciona&#8208;se com o n&#250;mero de doses tomadas diariamente para cada medicamento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> e foi j&#225; verificada a associa&#231;&#227;o entre esquemas posol&#243;gicos com tomas unidi&#225;rias e uma maior probabilidade de ades&#227;o &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o cr&#243;nica em doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> A posologia unidi&#225;ria &#233; mais conveniente e estudos semelhantes confirmam uma maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOACs com esta posologia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Apesar de n&#227;o ter sido avaliado o impacto da diferente ades&#227;o entre posologias em termos de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a&#44; estudos anteriores mostram que a posologia unidi&#225;ria parece ser t&#227;o eficaz como a posologia bidi&#225;ria na preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos como o acidente vascular cerebral e o tromboembolismo venoso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; apesar da toma unidi&#225;ria poder aumentar a ades&#227;o absoluta&#44; os esquemas bidi&#225;rios podem ser mais &#8220;permissivos&#8221; em termos de consequ&#234;ncias farmacocin&#233;ticas nos doentes menos cumpridores&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> uma hip&#243;tese baseada em modelos farmacol&#243;gicos&#44; mas ainda n&#227;o confirmada em ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao custo&#44; o pagamento em regime geral traduziu&#8208;se numa probabilidade mais de duas vezes superior de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#46; Em doentes abrangidos pelo regime especial&#44; o pre&#231;o de cada embalagem de DOAC &#233; cerca de metade daquele pago pelos restantes doentes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> tornando&#8208;o mais acess&#237;vel&#59; este achado vai de encontro &#224; perce&#231;&#227;o emp&#237;rica de que o pre&#231;o dos DOACs continua a ser um entrave para a nossa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46; Uma solu&#231;&#227;o para este problema seria aumentar a comparticipa&#231;&#227;o do regime geral&#44; dado que&#44; apesar do seu custo elevado&#44; os estudos populacionais de custo&#8208;efetividade realizados at&#233; &#224; data suportam o uso dos DOACs em detrimento dos AVK&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> tendo em conta os ganhos em anos de qualidade de vida e a menor utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados de sa&#250;de pelo n&#250;mero de eventos prevenidos&#46; Pomos tamb&#233;m a hip&#243;tese de que o pre&#231;o elevado leve a uma &#8220;gest&#227;o&#8221; da medica&#231;&#227;o pelos doentes&#44; omitindo algumas tomas com o objetivo de prolongar a dura&#231;&#227;o de cada embalagem e reduzir os gastos mensais&#46; Est&#227;o j&#225; descritas taxas de toma erradamente unidi&#225;ria de 27&#37; e 30&#37; para o dabigatrano e o apixabano&#44; respetivamente&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> a nossa hip&#243;tese poder&#225; explicar esses dados e justificar tamb&#233;m a menor ades&#227;o aos DOACs com posologia bidi&#225;ria encontrada neste estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fatores demogr&#225;ficos como a idade e o sexo n&#227;o influenciaram a ades&#227;o&#44; bem como as v&#225;rias comorbilidades presentes&#46; Um maior risco tromboemb&#243;lico &#40;traduzido pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span>&#41; e a toma de AVK antes da introdu&#231;&#227;o do DOAC n&#227;o influenciaram o cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; apesar de ambos terem sido previamente associados com uma maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;22</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Compara&#231;&#227;o entre DOACs</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas na ades&#227;o a cada um dos quatro f&#225;rmacos &#40;quer em termos absolutos&#44; quer na classifica&#231;&#227;o como &#8220;n&#227;o aderentes&#8221;&#41;&#44; ao contr&#225;rio de estudos anteriores que demonstravam maior ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com apixabano&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> dabigatrano<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> ou rivaroxabano&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> No entanto&#44; a amostra pouco representativa de cada um destes f&#225;rmacos n&#227;o permite tirar conclus&#245;es sobre compara&#231;&#245;es entre DOACs&#44; sendo necess&#225;rios estudos com popula&#231;&#245;es maiores&#44; idealmente randomizados&#44; para possibilitar compara&#231;&#245;es de ades&#227;o &#40;al&#233;m de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a&#41;&#46; H&#225; ainda a referir que os dados apresentados n&#227;o foram ajustados para poss&#237;veis fatores confundidores de ordem n&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; tais como as diferentes datas de introdu&#231;&#227;o no mercado &#40;dando&#44; por exemplo&#44; vantagem ao edoxabano&#44; mais recentemente introduzido e por isso hipoteticamente com menor dura&#231;&#227;o de institui&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em doentes cujo DOAC foi alterado durante o per&#237;odo em an&#225;lise&#44; essa altera&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o influenciou o cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#44; sugerindo que&#44; qualquer que fosse o motivo da troca &#40;por efeito adverso ou n&#227;o&#41;&#44; esta n&#227;o afetou a forma como cada doente adere a esta medica&#231;&#227;o em particular&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em suma&#44; os nossos resultados revelam uma ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica insuficiente na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e identificam poss&#237;veis alvos para melhorar o cumprimento da terap&#234;utica com DOAC na FA&#44; relembrando a necessidade de manter seguimento regular destes doentes&#46; A impossibilidade da prescri&#231;&#227;o de receitas renov&#225;veis para este tipo de f&#225;rmacos pode tamb&#233;m ser um entrave &#224; sua ades&#227;o mantida no tempo&#44; constituindo outro poss&#237;vel alvo de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Pela facilidade de introdu&#231;&#227;o e manejo dos DOACs em compara&#231;&#227;o com os AVK&#44; a preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos em doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular poder&#225; ter agora o seu principal desafio no desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de adequada ades&#227;o e persist&#234;ncia terap&#234;utica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Limita&#231;&#245;es</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo representa os resultados de um &#250;nico centro terci&#225;rio&#44; podendo existir diferen&#231;as de ades&#227;o e seus fatores influenciadores n&#227;o s&#243; em rela&#231;&#227;o a outros centros&#44; mas tamb&#233;m em rela&#231;&#227;o a consultas de outras especialidades hospitalares e ainda a doentes seguidos nos Cuidados de Sa&#250;de Prim&#225;rios&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A contabiliza&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de embalagens levantadas na farm&#225;cia &#40;necess&#225;ria para o c&#225;lculo da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#41;&#44; feita atrav&#233;s da consulta individual dos registos da PEM de cada doente&#44; tornou este m&#233;todo moroso&#46; A consulta da PEM tem ainda a desvantagem de n&#227;o incluir receitas manuais ou receitu&#225;rios realizados em plataformas fora do Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de &#40;apesar da tentativa de minimizar o impacto deste tipo de prescri&#231;&#227;o&#44; ao excluir doentes sem receitas na PEM durante pelo menos seis meses&#41;&#46; A automatiza&#231;&#227;o destes registos&#44; bem como a inclus&#227;o de todos os tipos de receitas e plataformas numa base de dados comum nacional&#44; poderia ser uma arma cl&#237;nica &#250;til para monitorar a ades&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ades&#227;o avaliada pode ter sido subestimada por per&#237;odos de interrup&#231;&#227;o por indica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica &#40;devido a complica&#231;&#245;es da terap&#234;utica&#44; procedimentos eletivos ou outros motivos&#41;&#44; bem como per&#237;odos de internamento do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; esta foi uma an&#225;lise realizada de forma retrospetiva&#44; com as suas limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes&#46; Foi ainda um estudo de corte transversal&#44; n&#227;o permitindo avaliar a tend&#234;ncia da ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica em diferentes pontos do per&#237;odo estudado&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Metade dos doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; com FA sob DOAC foi classificada como n&#227;o aderente &#40;ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#41;&#46; A maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento em regime geral foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#44; podendo constituir alvos de interven&#231;&#227;o para melhorar o perfil de cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Financiamento</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o ter havido qualquer financiamento para a realiza&#231;&#227;o deste estudo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Ferreira recebeu honor&#225;rios como consultor e palestrante da Boehringer&#8208;Ingelheim&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os anticoagulantes diretos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct anticoagulants</span>&#44; DOACs&#41; mudaram o panorama do tratamento da fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41;&#44; trazendo novos desafios de acessibilidade e ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica com DOACs&#44; e os seus fatores determinantes&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com FA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo de centro &#250;nico incluindo doentes com FA n&#227;o valvular sob terap&#234;utica com DOAC seguidos em consulta de Cardiologia&#44; cuja primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o de DOAC foi realizada entre 1 de abril de 2016 e agosto de 2018&#46; Foram contabilizadas as embalagens de DOAC levantadas desde a primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o at&#233; 31 de agosto de 2018&#44; utilizando a Prescri&#231;&#227;o Eletr&#243;nica M&#233;dica&#46; Foi calculada a ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica atrav&#233;s da divis&#227;o entre o n&#250;mero de dias cobertos pela dispensa efetiva na farm&#225;cia e os dias sob terap&#234;utica&#46; Definiu&#8208;se &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221; como uma ades&#227;o inferior a 90&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 264 doentes &#40;120 homens&#44; idade m&#233;dia 74 &#177; 12 anos&#41;&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span> mediano foi 3 &#40;IIQ 2&#8208;5&#41; e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> HAS&#8208;BLED mediano foi 1 &#40;IIQ 1&#8208;2&#41;&#46; Os DOAC rivaroxabano&#44; apixabano&#44; dabigatrano e edoxabano foram prescritos em 45&#37;&#44; 41&#37;&#44; 24&#37; e 13&#37; dos doentes&#44; respetivamente&#46; Ao longo do per&#237;odo avaliado&#44; 51 doentes &#40;19&#37;&#41; tomaram pelo menos dois DOACs diferentes&#46; Os doentes estiveram sob DOAC durante uma mediana de 439 dias &#40;IIQ 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; durante os quais aderiram &#224; terap&#234;utica em mediana 90&#37; &#40;IIQ 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41; do tempo&#46; Cerca de metade &#40;51&#37;&#41; dos doentes foi considerada n&#227;o aderente&#59; a maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;06&#47;m&#234;s&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a toma de DOAC com posologia bidi&#225;ria &#40;OR ajustado de 1&#44;73&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;75&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral &#40;OR ajustado 2&#44;13&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;003&#41; foram preditores independentes de &#8220;n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#8221;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metade dos doentes &#40;51&#37;&#41; com FA sob DOAC foram classificados como n&#227;o aderentes &#40;ades&#227;o &#60; 90&#37;&#41;&#46; A maior dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica&#44; a posologia bidi&#225;ria e o pagamento em regime geral foram preditores independentes de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&#44; podendo constituir alvos de interven&#231;&#227;o para melhorar o perfil de cumprimento terap&#234;utico&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Direct oral anticoagulants &#40;DOACs&#41; changed the landscape of atrial fibrillation &#40;AF&#41; treatment&#44; but also brought new challenges in terms of accessibility and compliance&#46; The purpose of this study was to assess adherence to DOACs&#44; and predictors of adherence in a population of AF patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Single&#8208;center retrospective study including all patients with non&#8208;valvular AF treated with a DOAC and followed in outpatient general cardiology&#44; whose first DOAC prescription was between 1 April 2016 to August 2018&#46; The number of pharmacy refills from the day of first prescription to 31 August 2018 was counted &#40;by means of an electronic prescription platform&#41;&#46; Medication refill adherence &#40;MRA&#41; was calculated by dividing the total days of supply by the number of days under therapy&#46; Non&#8208;compliance was defined as MRA &#60;90&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 264 patients &#40;120 men&#44; mean age 74 &#91;PLEASE INSERT SYMBOL&#93; 12 years&#41; met the inclusion criteria&#46; The median CHA2DS2VASC score was 3 &#40;interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; 2&#8208;5&#41; and the median HAS&#8208;BLED was 1 &#40;IQR 1&#8208;2&#41;&#46; Rivaroxaban&#44; apixaban&#44; dabigatran and edoxaban were prescribed in 45&#37;&#44; 41&#37;&#44; 24&#37; and 13&#37; of patients&#44; respectively&#46; Throughout the study&#44; 51 patients &#40;19&#37;&#41; used at least two DOACs&#46; Patients were under DOAC for a median period of 439 days &#40;IQR 269&#8208;638&#41;&#44; during which the included population adhered to therapy 90&#37; of the time &#40;IQR 75&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&#46; Half of the patients &#40;51&#37;&#41; were classified as non&#8208;compliant&#59; therapy duration &#40;adjusted odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; 1&#46;06 per month&#44; 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41; 1&#46;03&#8208;1&#46;08&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; taking DOACs with b&#46;i&#46;d&#46; &#40;adjusted OR 1&#46;73&#44; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8208;2&#46;75&#44; p&#61;0&#46;022&#41;&#44; and higher medication copayments &#40;adjusted OR 2&#46;13&#44; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;28&#8208;3&#46;45&#44; p&#61;0&#46;003&#41; were independent predictors of non&#8208;compliance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Half of the patients &#40;51&#37;&#41; were classified as non&#8208;compliant &#40;medication refill adherence &#60; 90&#37;&#41;&#46; Therapy duration&#44; DOACs with b&#46;i&#46;d&#46; posology and higher medication copayments were independent predictors of non&#8208;compliance&#44; which might be targets to improve patient adherence&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com DOAC&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AIT &#8211; acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio&#59; AVC &#8211; acidente vascular cerebral&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; ou mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#61; 264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Idade &#40;anos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">148 &#40;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">197 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AVC &#47; AIT &#47; tromboembolismo sist&#233;micoAVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;16&#37;&#41;21 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;47&#8211;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Calculada atrav&#233;s da equa&#231;&#227;o de Cockroft&#8208;Gault&#46;</p>"
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              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;&#42;"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AVK &#8211; antagonista da vitamina K&#59; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulant</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DOAC</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rivaroxabano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apixabano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dabigatrano<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edoxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119 &#40;45&#37;&#41;109 &#40;41&#37;&#41;62 &#40;24&#37;&#41;33 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Troca de DOAC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;22&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2684750.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas da terap&#234;utica anticoagulante</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulante</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o aderentes &#40;&#60; 90&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rivaroxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#37; &#40;74&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p &#61; 0&#44;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p &#61; 0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apixabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#37; &#40;74&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dabigatrano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#37; &#40;48&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edoxabano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&#37; &#40;83&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#37; &#40;75&#8208;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2684749.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica &#8211; an&#225;lise por DOAC</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abreviaturas&#58; AIT &#8211; acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio&#59; AVC &#8211; acidente vascular cerebral&#59; AVK &#8211; antagonista da vitamina K&#59; DOAC &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">direct oral anticoagulante</span>&#59; IC 95&#37; &#8211; intervalo de confian&#231;a 95&#37;&#59; IIQ &#8211; intervalo interquartil&#59; OR &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio&#46;</span></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR ajustado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97&#8208;1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo &#40;masculino&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72&#8208;1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;65&#8208;1&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AVC &#47; AIT &#47; tromboembolismo sist&#233;micoAVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Depura&#231;&#227;o de creatinina &#40;ml&#47;min&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antecedentes de hemorragia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Terap&#234;utica concomitante com antiagregantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>VAS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">C</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HAS&#8208;BLED&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79&#8208;1&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Terap&#234;utica pr&#233;via com AVK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Posologia bidi&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Troca de DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dura&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica com DOAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03&#8208;1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Pagamento em regime geral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08&#8208;2&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;28&#8208;3&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preditores de n&#227;o ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica</p>"
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                          "colaboracion" => "2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS"
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "P&#46; 1 Kirchhof"
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210"
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                      "titulo" => "Real&#8208;World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin&#8208;K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin&#8208;K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation&#46; A Systematic Review and Meta&#8208;Analysis"
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                      "titulo" => "The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non&#8208;vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46; Adherence to long&#8208;term therapies&#58; evidence for action&#46; 2003&#44; 216 pages &#91;English&#93;&#46; ISBN 92 4 154599 2&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Measurement of Adherence in Pharmacy Administrative Databases&#58; A Proposal for Standard Definitions and Preferred Measures"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1345/aph.1H018"
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                          "etal" => true
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.06.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "117"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Adherence and outcomes to direct oral anticoagulants among patients with atrial fibrillation&#58; findings from the veterans health administration"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;T&#46; Borne"
                            1 => "C&#46; O&#8217;Donnell"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865440"
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                      "titulo" => "Real&#8208;World Adherence and Persistence with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Adults with Atrial Fibrillation"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46;S&#46; Manzoor"
                            1 => "T&#46;A&#46; Lee"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/phar.1989"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Pharmacotherapy&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1230"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Nonadherence to new oral anticoagulants&#58; a reason for concern during long&#8208;term anticoagulation&#63;"
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/jth.12086"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thromb Haemost&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "390"
                        "paginaFinal" => "394"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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