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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o&#58; doen&#231;a CV e diabetes</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> &#40;DM&#41; &#233; uma das doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas com maior impacto a n&#237;vel mundial devido &#224; sua elevada preval&#234;ncia e aos elevados custos econ&#243;micos diretos e indiretos motivados&#44; em grande parte&#44; pelo desenvolvimento de complica&#231;&#245;es micro e macrovasculares&#46; Apesar dos v&#225;rios esfor&#231;os ao n&#237;vel de pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de e de educa&#231;&#227;o&#44; a preval&#234;ncia da DM tipo 1 &#40;DMT1&#41; e&#44; sobretudo&#44; da DM tipo 2 &#40;DMT2&#41; continua a aumentar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existe uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre a DM e a doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#40;DCV&#41;&#44; nomeadamente no que diz respeito ao enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio &#40;EAM&#41;&#44; acidente vascular cerebral &#40;AVC&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica &#40;DAP&#41;&#44; cardiomiopatia e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A DCV &#233; a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade em pessoas com diabetes&#44; especialmente no que concerne o EAM e AVC&#44; em rela&#231;&#227;o aos quais s&#227;o reportados valores de preval&#234;ncia quatro vezes mais elevados nas pessoas com diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; Em Portugal&#44; de acordo com o Programa Nacional para a Diabetes&#44; cerca de um ter&#231;o dos internamentos por EAM e AVC foram de pessoas com DM&#44; sendo a mortalidade por EAM&#44; nestes indiv&#237;duos&#44; superior &#224; da popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o diab&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IC tem tamb&#233;m uma elevada preval&#234;ncia em pessoas com DM&#44; sendo 2&#44;5 vezes superior nestes indiv&#237;duos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#59; um em cada cinco diab&#233;ticos com mais de 65 anos tem IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Doentes com DM e IC apresentam pior progn&#243;stico&#44; com uma taxa de mortalidade de causa CV superior e um n&#250;mero e dura&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es mais elevados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; embora a IC seja reconhecidamente parte dos eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> relacionados com a DMT2&#44; &#233; frequentemente subvalorizada enquanto alvo terap&#234;utico nos m&#250;ltiplos estudos desenvolvidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando este elevado impacto&#44; a diabetes &#233; atualmente considerada um fator de risco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> e independente de DCV&#44; a par do consumo de tabaco&#44; da hipertens&#227;o arterial &#40;HTA&#41; e da dislipidemia&#44; devendo o tratamento das pessoas com diabetes ser focado na melhoria do risco cardiovascular &#40;CV&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;8</span></a>&#46; A abordagem terap&#234;utica na diminui&#231;&#227;o e preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es CV na DMT2 deve contemplar o controlo da glicemia&#44; mas deve tamb&#233;m ser cada vez mais multifatorial&#44; incluindo o controlo da press&#227;o arterial&#44; do perfil lip&#237;dico e do peso corporal&#44; o combate ao sedentarismo e a cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; a redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV na diabetes &#233; uma &#225;rea particularmente desafiante e complexa&#44; j&#225; que outros fatores de risco CV est&#227;o tamb&#233;m presentes nos indiv&#237;duos com DMT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O paradigma cl&#225;ssico relaciona a g&#233;nese do risco cardiovascular associado &#224; DMT2 ao estado permanente de hiperglicemia&#44; sugerindo uma rela&#231;&#227;o quase linear entre as perturba&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas e les&#227;o vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Este paradigma foi contrariado pelos resultados de f&#225;rmacos que&#44; apesar de otimizarem o controlo glic&#233;mico&#44; n&#227;o t&#234;m conseguido demonstrar os efeitos ben&#233;ficos esperados na diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular&#44; como foi o caso da generalidade dos inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase 4 &#8208;iDPP4&#44; das sulfonilureias e da insulina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; os ensaios cl&#237;nicos t&#234;m vindo a incorporar e a valorizar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV no tratamento da DMT2 em adi&#231;&#227;o aos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> relacionados com o controlo metab&#243;lico&#44; nomeadamente ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM e de AVC e morte por causa CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Estado da arte nos estudos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV na DMT2</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T&#234;m sido muitos os esfor&#231;os para encontrar agentes farmacol&#243;gicos que demonstrem benef&#237;cios inequ&#237;vocos nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV em doentes com DMT2&#44; com in&#250;meros estudos de diferentes classes farmacol&#243;gicas&#46; No entanto&#44; os resultados t&#234;m sido&#44; em muitas situa&#231;&#245;es&#44; inconsistentes ou pouco significativos&#44; especialmente no que concerne as complica&#231;&#245;es macrovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historicamente&#44; cinco grandes estudos avaliaram de forma pioneira o efeito do controlo glic&#233;mico intensivo comparativamente ao controlo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard</span> no risco CV em doentes com DMT2 &#8211; os estudos UKPDS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; UGDP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; VADT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; ADVANCE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> e ACCORD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Embora estes estudos tenham inclu&#237;do doentes com diferentes est&#225;dios de DCV e por per&#237;odos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> distintos&#44; globalmente podem ser retiradas algumas conclus&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados dispon&#237;veis sugerem que a redu&#231;&#227;o intensiva da glicose tem efeitos ben&#233;ficos sobre o risco microvascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;15&#44;16</span></a>&#59; no entanto&#44; para resultados macrovasculares e mortalidade&#44; a evid&#234;ncia n&#227;o foi concordante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;17</span></a>&#46; Considerando os indiv&#237;duos com excesso de peso&#44; ocorreu uma redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por todas as causas&#44; da mortalidade associada &#224; diabetes e da ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; uma an&#225;lise retrospetiva&#44; a longo prazo&#44; ao grupo de doentes inclu&#237;dos no estudo UKPDS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> e no estudo VADT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> revelou uma redu&#231;&#227;o nos eventos CV com terapia intensiva <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> o tratamento padr&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s uma meta&#8208;an&#225;lise ter associado a rosiglitazona&#44; da classe terap&#234;utica das tiazolidinedionas&#44; a um aumento significativo de eventos CV e de mortalidade quando comparada a outros antidiab&#233;ticos orais&#44; foi desencadeada uma discuss&#227;o sobre a necessidade de avaliar mais detalhadamente as terapias antidiab&#233;ticas de uma perspetiva cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada a incerteza sobre os efeitos CV dos antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> &#40;FDA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> em 2008 e a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Medicines Agency</span> &#40;EMA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> em 2012 emitiram uma orienta&#231;&#227;o para a ind&#250;stria farmac&#234;utica sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o de ensaios cl&#237;nicos para novos f&#225;rmacos no tratamento da DMT2&#44; com enfoque nos resultados CV&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; v&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m sido desenvolvidos para avaliar o risco&#8208;benef&#237;cio de novas terap&#234;uticas anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;micas&#46; Estes estudos &#8211; CVOT &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiovascular Outcome Trials</span>&#41; &#8211; t&#234;m sido desenhados para demostra&#231;&#227;o de seguran&#231;a CV e do benef&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica antidiab&#233;tica&#44; maioritariamente na DMT2&#44; e incluem nos seus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> a mortalidade por causa CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda ou procedimentos urgentes de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; em popula&#231;&#245;es com maior risco CV&#44; mais idosas e com algum grau de insufici&#234;ncia renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a> apresenta um resumo dos ensaios realizados desde 2008&#44; ap&#243;s a emiss&#227;o da orienta&#231;&#227;o da FDA&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A primeira classe a reportar resultados&#44; ap&#243;s esta altera&#231;&#227;o&#44; foi a classe dos iDPP&#8208;4&#46; Os estudos com saxagliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; alogliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> e sitagliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> mostraram seguran&#231;a CV&#44; ainda que com efeitos neutros no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> cardiovascular prim&#225;rio&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; no estudo com saxagliptina&#44; verificou&#8208;se um aumento do risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; Aguardam&#8208;se os resultados dos ensaios CAROLINA &#40;linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> glimepirida&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> e CARMELINA &#40;linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> placebo&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> que poder&#227;o trazer informa&#231;&#227;o adicional sobre os efeitos desta classe terap&#234;utica no risco CV&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o destes estudos&#44; gerou&#8208;se algum des&#226;nimo na comunidade cient&#237;fica&#44; pois parecia que nenhuma terap&#234;utica antidiab&#233;tica era capaz de melhorar o progn&#243;stico cardiovascular&#46; No entanto&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma com a apresenta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Neste estudo&#44; a empagliflozina&#44; um inibidor do cotransportador tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose &#40;iSGLT2&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#44; para al&#233;m de seguran&#231;a CV&#44; efeitos ben&#233;ficos na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida&#46; Este benef&#237;cio foi observado logo ap&#243;s tr&#234;s meses de estudo e ampliou&#8208;se ao longo do tempo de seguimento&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 38&#37; no risco relativo de morte CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este ensaio cl&#237;nico aleatorizado&#44; em dupla oculta&#231;&#227;o&#44; pretendeu avaliar a n&#227;o inferioridade&#44; mas com a possibilidade de testar superioridade&#44; da empagliflozina &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg ou 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; uma vez por dia&#41; comparativamente a placebo&#44; ambos em associa&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard</span> &#40;antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; anti&#8208;hipertensores e antidislipid&#233;micos&#41;&#44; na ocorr&#234;ncia de um comp&#243;sito de MACE &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events</span>&#41; &#8211; morte por causa CV&#44; AVC n&#227;o fatal ou EAM n&#227;o fatal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados demonstraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos CV no grupo a fazer empagliflozina&#44; independentemente da dose utilizada&#44; face a placebo na ocorr&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio &#40;10&#44;5&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 12&#44;1&#37;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;04&#41;&#44; redu&#231;&#227;o em grande parte impulsionada pela redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade cardiovascular &#40;3&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 5&#44;9&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma significativa redu&#231;&#227;o de 32&#37; no n&#250;mero de mortes por qualquer causa e de 35&#37; nas hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC nos doentes sob terap&#234;utica com empagliflozina &#40;respetivamente 5&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 8&#44;3&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 e 2&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 4&#44;1&#37;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;002&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente&#44; o Programa CANVAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> demonstrou um benef&#237;cio de um outro inibidor da iSGLT2&#44; a canagliflozina&#44; na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV e das hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC&#44; mostrando uma consist&#234;ncia dentro da classe dos iSGLT2&#46; Este Programa incluiu doentes com DMT2 diabetes tipo 2 e elevado risco CV &#40;DCV estabelecida ou m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco CV&#41; em tratamento com canagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Foi definido como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio um comp&#243;sito de MACE &#8211; morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal &#8211; e&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> secund&#225;rios&#44; morte por qualquer causa&#44; morte por causa CV e um comp&#243;sito de dois pontos &#8211; morte por causa CV e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Verificou&#8208;se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o&#44; estatisticamente significativa&#44; de eventos no comp&#243;sito de tr&#234;s pontos MACE&#58; 26&#44;9 no grupo canagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 31&#44;5 no grupo placebo por 1000 doentes&#47;ano &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span>&#44; HR&#44; 0&#44;86&#59; intervalo de confian&#231;a&#44; IC&#44; 95&#37; 0&#44;75&#8208;0&#44;97&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 para n&#227;o inferioridade e p &#61; 0&#44;02 para superioridade&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; excetuando a menor ocorr&#234;ncia de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC no grupo a fazer tratamento com canagliflozina&#44; esta n&#227;o foi estatisticamente superior a placebo nos restantes eventos CV avaliados&#44; nomeadamente na morte CV&#44; EAM e AVC fatal e n&#227;o fatal &#8211; apesar da redu&#231;&#227;o apresentada nestes par&#226;metros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Nos doentes tratados com canagliflozina&#44; verificou&#8208;se um aumento do n&#250;mero de amputa&#231;&#227;o nos membros inferiores&#44; metatarsos&#44; p&#233;s e pernas e de fraturas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> que&#44; a par da redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa de morte CV&#44; foram as principais diferen&#231;as entre este estudo e o ensaio cl&#237;nico com a empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na classe dos iSGLT2&#44; aguardam&#8208;se os resultados dos ensaios em curso com outras mol&#233;culas &#40;dapagliflozina e ertugliflozina&#41; para esclarecer poss&#237;veis efeitos de classe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na classe dos agonistas do recetor do pept&#237;deo 1 semelhante ao glucagon &#40;arGLP&#8208;1 &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glucagon&#8208;like peptide</span> 1&#41;&#44; o liraglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> e o semaglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> vieram confirmar o novo paradigma no tratamento para diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de complica&#231;&#245;es CV na DMT2&#44; embora com resultados s&#243; ao fim de cerca de 12 meses&#46; Os ensaios demostraram benef&#237;cios no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio&#44; o comp&#243;sito de morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal&#44; mas com resultados distintos em alguns <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> quando avaliados isoladamente&#44; nomeadamente a ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM n&#227;o fatal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mais recentemente&#44; o ensaio com exenatido &#40;EXSCEL&#41; n&#227;o apresentou diferen&#231;as significativas face a placebo nos v&#225;rios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV avaliados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#44; tal como havia acontecido no estudo ELIXA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#44; em que o lixisenatido n&#227;o mostrou superioridade em rela&#231;&#227;o a placebo na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos CV em doentes rec&#233;m&#8208;diagnosticados com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda&#44; confirmando que as mol&#233;culas da classe dos arGLP&#8208;1 apresentam caracter&#237;sticas diferentes entre si&#44; sendo por isso dif&#237;cil falar num efeito de classe&#46; Aguardam&#8208;se ainda os resultados de seguran&#231;a CV do dulaglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> e do albiglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#44; que poder&#227;o trazer mais informa&#231;&#227;o sobre os arGLP&#8208;1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> CV do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ensaio cl&#237;nico EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> incluiu 7020 indiv&#237;duos com DMT2 &#40;HbA1c entre 7&#44;0 e 9&#44;0&#37; para indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o medicados e 7&#44;0 a 10&#37; nos indiv&#237;duos com terap&#234;utica anti&#8208;hiperglicemiante pr&#233;via&#41;&#44; com DCV estabelecida &#40;doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria&#44; DAP ou hist&#243;ria de EAM ou de AVC&#41;&#44; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada &#40;eGFR&#41; superior a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; igual ou inferior a 45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi definido como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio o comp&#243;sito de tr&#234;s pontos MACE &#40;morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal&#41; e&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> secund&#225;rio&#44; a conjuga&#231;&#227;o dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> prim&#225;rios com hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel&#59; adicionalmente pretendeu&#8208;se avaliar a ocorr&#234;ncia isolada de morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal&#44; AVC n&#227;o fatal&#44; internamento devido a IC e mortalidade por qualquer motivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; mostraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco para a ocorr&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio para o grupo a receber empagliflozina&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo &#40;HR 0&#44;86&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;74&#8208;0&#44;99&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 para n&#227;o inferioridade e p &#61; 0&#44;04 para superioridade&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco de morte por causa CV &#40;HR 0&#44;62&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;49&#8208;0&#44;77&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; na morte por qualquer causa &#40;HR 0&#44;68&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;57&#8208;0&#44;82&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e do n&#250;mero hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC no grupo tratado com empagliflozina &#40;HR 0&#44;65&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;50&#8208;0&#44;85&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;002&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou&#8208;se&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; uma diminui&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel dos valores de HbA1c no grupo tratado com empagliflozina comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; bem como do peso&#44; da circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal&#44; &#225;cido &#250;rico plasm&#225;tico e da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A empagliflozina mostrou um bom perfil de seguran&#231;a e de tolerabilidade&#44; com uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos adversos compar&#225;vel ao grupo placebo&#44; exce&#231;&#227;o feita &#224; maior incid&#234;ncia de infe&#231;&#245;es genitais&#44; por&#233;m sem diferen&#231;as no que concerne a infe&#231;&#245;es urin&#225;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diminui&#231;&#227;o&#44; com diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa&#44; de 38&#37; do risco relativo &#40;RR&#41; de morte por causa CV&#44; de 35&#37; de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e de 32&#37; de morte por qualquer causa demonstrada pelo estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME foi surpreendente em termos de magnitude e da precocidade com que se verificou o afastamento das curvas dos bra&#231;os do estudo &#40;com e sem empagliflozina&#41;&#44; com a diferen&#231;a nos resultados entre grupo tratado com empagliflozina e placebo a verificar&#8208;se seis a 12 semanas ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a elevada preval&#234;ncia de IC associada a diabetes e a inexist&#234;ncia de f&#225;rmacos antidiab&#233;ticos que tenham demostrado uma redu&#231;&#227;o dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> relacionados com IC &#40;ocorr&#234;ncia&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e morte&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; foi feita uma an&#225;lise posterior do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME em que se pretendeu avaliar&#44; em maior detalhe&#44; os resultados referentes &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca dividindo os participantes em subgrupos&#44; incluindo doentes com e sem IC pr&#233;via<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cerca de 10&#37; &#40;n &#61; 706&#41; dos participantes do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME apresentavam IC na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#46; Nesta suban&#225;lise&#44; considerou&#8208;se o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> comp&#243;sito de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e morte CV&#44; tendo&#8208;se verificado menor ocorr&#234;ncia destes eventos no grupo medicado com empagliflozina &#40;5&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 8&#44;5&#37; no grupo placebo&#59; HR 0&#44;66&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;55&#8208;0&#44;79&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; Esta redu&#231;&#227;o manteve&#8208;se ap&#243;s o ajuste dos resultados por sexo e subgrupos de idade&#44; etnia&#44; eGFR&#44; IC pr&#233;via&#44; classes de medicamentos para controlo de risco CV&#44; press&#227;o arterial e tratamento pr&#233;vio para a diabetes&#44; demonstrando que o efeito da empagliflozina &#233; consistente entre subgrupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; Com uma redu&#231;&#227;o global de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e morte CV de 34&#37; &#40;28&#37; nos doentes com IC estabelecida e 37&#37; nos doentes sem IC &#224; data de in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#41;&#44; de acordo com esta an&#225;lise&#44; bastaria tratar 36 doentes durante tr&#234;s anos para evitar a ocorr&#234;ncia de um destes eventos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra suban&#225;lise do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME avaliou se o benef&#237;cio da empagliflozina se mantinha&#44; independentemente do risco estimado de IC&#44; nos participantes sem esta patologia na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de risco de IC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health ABC</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46; Nos doentes a fazer empagliflozina sem IC pr&#233;via houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es ou morte por IC&#44; independentemente da sua categoria de risco&#44; contrariamente ao grupo placebo&#44; em que se verificou um aumento do n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es ou morte por IC com o aumento do risco calculado de IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;&#46; Os efeitos favor&#225;veis da empagliflozina mantiveram&#8208;se quando foi avaliado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> de morte por causa CV&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o do risco absoluto de morte CV de 4&#44;9&#37; nos doentes com IC previamente estabelecida ou incidente durante o ensaio e de 1&#44;5&#37; nos que n&#227;o tinham nem desenvolveram IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Verificou&#8208;se uma maior percentagem de eventos adversos nos doentes com IC pr&#233;via comparativamente aos que n&#227;o apresentavam IC&#44; quer nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; quer naqueles que fizeram placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra an&#225;lise dos dados do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME incidiu sobre o efeito da empagliflozina nos 2250 participantes que apresentavam doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica &#40;DRC&#41; na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Tamb&#233;m neste grupo de doentes&#44; comparativamente a placebo&#44; a empagliflozina reduziu o risco de morte por causa CV em 29&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;71&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;52&#8208;0&#44;98&#41;&#44; o risco de morte por todas as causas em 24&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;76&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;59&#8208;0&#44;99&#41;&#44; o risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC em 39&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;61&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;42&#8208;0&#44;87&#41; e o risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por todas as causas em 19&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;81&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;72&#8208;0&#44;92&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figura 4</a>&#41;&#46; A ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos adversos foi semelhante entre os subgrupos com diferentes n&#237;veis de fun&#231;&#227;o renal &#224; entrada no estudo&#44; sem se ter verificado um aumento de eventos adversos como infe&#231;&#227;o urin&#225;ria&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; hipercali&#233;mia&#44; fraturas&#44; amputa&#231;&#245;es ou hipoglicemias no grupo tratado com empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> o grupo placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m na an&#225;lise do subgrupo de doentes com DAP do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;n &#61; 1&#46;461&#41;&#44; a empagliflozina demonstrou redu&#231;&#227;o nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV&#44; quer nos comp&#243;sitos de 3 e 4 pontos MACE &#40;respetivamente 16&#37;&#44; HR 0&#44;84&#59; IC 5&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;14&#59; e 7&#37;&#44; HR 0&#44;93&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;70&#8208;1&#44;24&#41;&#44; quer nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> individuais&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 43&#37; da morte por causa CV &#40;HR 0&#44;57&#59; 95&#37; 0&#44;37&#8208;0&#44;88&#41;&#44; de 38&#37; da morte por qualquer causa &#40;HR 0&#44;62&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;44&#8208;0&#44;88&#41;&#44; de 44&#37; na hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC &#40;HR 0&#44;56&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;35&#8208;0&#44;92&#41; e de 46&#37; na incid&#234;ncia ou agravamento de nefropatia &#40;HR 0&#44;54&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;41&#8208;0&#44;71&#41;&#44; de forma consistente com os resultados no grupo sem DAP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figura 5</a>&#41;&#46; A redu&#231;&#227;o da morte por causa CV traduz&#8208;se na necessidade de tratar 29 doentes com DAP e DMT2 durante 3&#44;1 anos para evitar uma ocorr&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; Em termos de seguran&#231;a&#44; o grupo sob terap&#234;utica com empagliflozina foi semelhante ao grupo placebo nos doentes com e sem DAP na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; sem aumento do risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de amputa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas estas an&#225;lises parecem demonstrar que os resultados ben&#233;ficos da empagliflozina nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV se estendem para subgrupos de popula&#231;&#227;o mais vulner&#225;veis e em maior risco de morbilidade CV e mortalidade&#46; Contudo&#44; muitas quest&#245;es ainda se colocam sobre quais os mecanismos que levam a estes efeitos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Poss&#237;veis mecanismos para o benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME levantaram&#44; desde cedo&#44; muitas quest&#245;es sobre os mecanismos subjacentes aos benef&#237;cios CV demonstrados pela empagliflozina&#46; Embora estes mecanismos estejam por comprovar&#44; as propostas avan&#231;adas apontam para a possibilidade de efeitos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; efeitos metab&#243;licos e a diminui&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es de s&#243;dio intracelular estarem na origem deste benef&#237;cio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os efeitos imediatos hemodin&#226;micos de deple&#231;&#227;o de volume e aumento do hemat&#243;crito poder&#227;o fazer sentido para explicar a precocidade dos benef&#237;cios observados&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; o efeito hemodin&#226;mico parece ser o mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o mais consensualmente apontado como respons&#225;vel pelo benef&#237;cio CV precoce da empagliflozina&#44; suportado pela redu&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o arterial e do volume intravascular e indu&#231;&#227;o de diurese osm&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#8211;49</span></a>&#46; O aumento da diurese poder&#225; resultar na diminui&#231;&#227;o de volume circulante e na consequente redu&#231;&#227;o da pr&#233;&#8208; e p&#243;s&#8208;carga card&#237;aca e aumento da hemoconcentra&#231;&#227;o&#44; com maior liberta&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#233;nio nos tecidos&#44; traduzindo&#8208;se numa redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de IC e morte CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados inesperados na redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC suscitaram interesse no mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca da empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#46; Em alguns estudos de investiga&#231;&#227;o fundamental&#44; foi demonstrada uma diminui&#231;&#227;o na instala&#231;&#227;o e progress&#227;o da hipertrofia card&#237;aca e cardiomiopatia &#8211; explicada como resultado das altera&#231;&#245;es na reabsor&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio a n&#237;vel gastrointestinal ou eventual otimiza&#231;&#227;o no metabolismo card&#237;aco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46; Sabendo&#8208;se que uma das complica&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas que ocorrem na IC resulta da acumula&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio e c&#225;lcio no citoplasma e da diminui&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio mitocondrial nos cardiomi&#243;citos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;51</span></a>&#44; foi demonstrado&#44; em roedores&#44; a capacidade da empagliflozina em modificar a atividade do permutador de s&#243;dio&#8208;hidrog&#233;nio &#40;NHE&#41; card&#237;aco &#8211; um dos principais transportadores de s&#243;dio &#8211; com resultante diminui&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio e c&#225;lcio citoplasm&#225;tico e aumento de c&#225;lcio mitocondrial&#44; sendo que este mecanismo provou ser independente da a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina sobre o SGLT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#44; sugerindo efeitos adicionais deste f&#225;rmaco&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outros autores teorizaram que as mudan&#231;as metab&#243;licas card&#237;acas resultantes da a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina &#40;altera&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica com redu&#231;&#227;o de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de l&#237;pidos e glicose e maior consumo de corpos cet&#243;nicos&#41; resultariam num aumento da efic&#225;cia do processo metab&#243;lico card&#237;aco&#44; da contratilidade mioc&#225;rdica e efici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; tendo&#8208;se admitido que esta mudan&#231;a poderia verificar&#8208;se&#44; igualmente&#44; no tecido muscular e renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significativamente&#44; a diferen&#231;a no controlo glic&#233;mico n&#227;o pode justificar as diferen&#231;as observadas&#46; A reduzida varia&#231;&#227;o de HbA1c entre grupos no EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; com diminui&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;4&#37; nos grupos sob empagliflozina comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; a semelhan&#231;a aos resultados metab&#243;licos encontrados nos iDPP4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;27&#44;53</span></a>&#44; a diferen&#231;a precoce entre grupos nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV &#40;not&#243;ria algumas semanas ap&#243;s o inicio do estudo quando&#44; em estudos anteriores&#44; a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco CV surgia ap&#243;s v&#225;rios anos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span>&#41;&#44; todos enfraquecem a hip&#243;tese dos efeitos encontrados se deverem ao controlo metab&#243;lico induzido pelo f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra hip&#243;tese que tem ganhado forma como mecanismo determinante na a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina prende&#8208;se com a mudan&#231;a metab&#243;lica resultante da inibi&#231;&#227;o mantida dos iSGLT2&#44; com benef&#237;cios cardio&#8208;renais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; A constante perda de glicose&#44; por diminui&#231;&#227;o mantida da reabsor&#231;&#227;o de glicose no t&#250;bulo contornado proximal&#44; pode resultar numa readapta&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica de diferentes mecanismos como&#58; a sobreativa&#231;&#227;o dos cotransportadores SGLT1 a jusante&#44; compensando parte das perdas de glicose&#59; o aumento da produ&#231;&#227;o de glicose end&#243;gena atrav&#233;s do aumento de glucagon e diminui&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de insulina s&#233;rica&#59; uma mudan&#231;a metab&#243;lica sist&#233;mica com aumento da oxida&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica e redu&#231;&#227;o da depend&#234;ncia de oxida&#231;&#227;o de glicose&#59; e o aumento do consumo de hidratos de carbono no contexto da diminui&#231;&#227;o de glicemia&#44; insulina e massa corporal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52&#44;55&#44;56</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tem sido colocada a hip&#243;tese de que mecanismos adjuvantes ao n&#237;vel mitocondrial&#44; para al&#233;m dos registados no estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; possam ser determinantes para os efeitos ben&#233;ficos obtidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Esta hip&#243;tese pressup&#245;e que em estados de hiperceton&#233;mia ligeira mas persistente&#44; tal como acontece com a influ&#234;ncia dos iSGLT2&#44; o consequente aumento de &#946;&#8208;hidroxibutirato circulante ofere&#231;a cardioprote&#231;&#227;o&#44; podendo&#44; cumulativamente&#44; otimizar o metabolismo de outros &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; nomeadamente o metabolismo renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Desta forma&#44; os efeitos da empagliflozina parecem induzir uma altera&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica com produ&#231;&#227;o de um sistema energeticamente mais eficiente &#8211; atrav&#233;s de uma mudan&#231;a de consumo de glicose&#47;&#225;cidos gordos para um sistema que privilegia a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de corpos cet&#243;nicos&#44; otimizando o desempenho card&#237;aco e renal&#46; Tal poderia explicar os efeitos ben&#233;ficos CV observados no EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME apenas tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas estas teorias necessitam&#44; por&#233;m&#44; de ser ainda comprovadas para que melhor se compreenda que mecanismos contribuem para o benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Seguran&#231;a e tolerabilidade</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise dos dados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME e as suas suban&#225;lises&#44; bem como a de ensaios cl&#237;nicos de fase I&#44; II e III com doentes medicados com empagliflozina&#44; t&#234;m demonstrado que esta &#233; bem tolerada&#44; tanto na sob dosagem de 10 como de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg di&#225;rios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numa meta&#8208;an&#225;lise recente que analisou 15 ensaios e quatro estudos de extens&#227;o&#44; incluindo o EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; envolvendo mais de 15&#160;000 doentes medicados com empagliflozina&#44; verificou&#8208;se que esta apresenta um perfil de risco benef&#237;cio favor&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Nesta meta&#8208;an&#225;lise&#44; verificou&#8208;se que o n&#250;mero de eventos adversos n&#227;o foi superior nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; independentemente da sua gravidade ou de levarem ou n&#227;o &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o se verificou um risco superior de hipoglicemia nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; quando comparados ao grupo placebo&#44; com a exce&#231;&#227;o de doentes medicados&#44; concomitantemente&#44; com sulfonilureias ou insulina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;58</span></a>&#44; justificando a advert&#234;ncia para que seja considerado o ajuste da dosagem de sulfonilureia e&#47;ou insulina quando iniciado o tratamento com empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em eventos adversos relacionados com deple&#231;&#227;o de volume&#44; foi demonstrado semelhante perfil de seguran&#231;a e tolerabilidade da empagliflozina&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; com a exce&#231;&#227;o de doentes com idade superior a 75 anos ou a receber tratamento com diur&#233;ticos da ansa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acompanhando o perfil de seguran&#231;a da sua classe&#44; a empagliflozina demonstrou uma incid&#234;ncia superior de infe&#231;&#245;es mic&#243;ticas genitais&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; mais acentuado no grupo com idade superior a 65 anos&#46; Relativamente a infe&#231;&#245;es urin&#225;rias&#44; n&#227;o se verificaram diferen&#231;as entre os grupos tratados com empagliflozina e o grupo tratado com placebo em termos da incid&#234;ncia&#44; gravidade ou situa&#231;&#245;es que levassem &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#44; bem como no n&#250;mero ou prolongamento de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A empagliflozina demonstrou&#44; ainda&#44; resultados semelhantes ao grupo placebo no que diz respeito a fraturas &#243;sseas&#44; neoplasias&#44; eventos adversos renais&#44; les&#227;o hep&#225;tica ou pancre&#225;tica&#44; cetoacidose diab&#233;tica e amputa&#231;&#227;o de membros inferiores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ali&#225;s&#44; uma an&#225;lise posterior das amputa&#231;&#245;es de membros inferiores ocorridas durante o estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME mostrou que n&#227;o s&#243; a incid&#234;ncia destes eventos foi semelhante entre o grupo a fazer tratamento com empagliflozina e o grupo placebo&#44; como tamb&#233;m o tempo at&#233; &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia do primeiro evento&#44; sendo estes resultados transversais &#224; an&#225;lise de subgrupos de exist&#234;ncia de fatores de risco pr&#233;vios para amputa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Tal demonstra que a ocorr&#234;ncia de amputa&#231;&#245;es dos membros inferiores n&#227;o &#233; uma situa&#231;&#227;o decorrente de um efeito de classe dos iSGLT2&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">O posicionamento da empagliflozina no tratamento da diabetes</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados positivos do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; aliados a resultados positivos da canagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; levaram a altera&#231;&#245;es das recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da hiperglicemia na DMT2&#44; sugerindo a utiliza&#231;&#227;o mais precoce de um iSLGT2 no tratamento de doentes com DM e DCV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; Na atualiza&#231;&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es das Associa&#231;&#245;es Americana e Europeia da Diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; de 2015&#44; a classe dos iSGLT2 foi apresentada como a grande altera&#231;&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de 2012&#46; Os iSGLT2 que surgiram como uma nova op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica para a redu&#231;&#227;o da glicose&#44; devido ao seu mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o ser independente da insulina&#44; podiam ser utilizados em qualquer est&#225;dio da DMT2&#44; com vantagens adicionais ao n&#237;vel da redu&#231;&#227;o de peso e press&#227;o arterial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na &#250;ltima atualiza&#231;&#227;o das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> de tratamento da DM da Associa&#231;&#227;o Americana de Diabetes &#40;ADA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#44; publicada em 2018&#44; a empagliflozina &#233; o iSGLT2 recomendado em segunda linha associado a metformina e altera&#231;&#245;es do estilo de vida&#44; em doentes com DMT2&#44; por ter demonstrado forte evid&#234;ncia na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> e na redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade CV&#46; A empagliflozina &#233; apresentada como tendo benef&#237;cio em doentes com DCV ateroscler&#243;tica&#44; com IC cr&#243;nica e nefropatia diab&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Futuras linhas de investiga&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina&#58; estudos EMPEROR &#40;insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#41; e EMPA&#8208;Kidney &#40;doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica&#41;</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O car&#225;cter pioneiro do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME ficou estabelecido atrav&#233;s de uma significativa redu&#231;&#227;o do risco para eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> em doentes com DMT2 e por esta mesma redu&#231;&#227;o se verificar na compara&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina com os restantes f&#225;rmacos antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; sejam da mesma&#44; sejam de outras classes de agentes antidiab&#233;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49&#44;50&#44;57</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; estes resultados levantam quest&#245;es sobre os mecanismos respons&#225;veis pelos efeitos observados e que seguramente ultrapassam o mero controlo da glicemia&#46; &#201; agora fundamental identificar quais os doentes que mais beneficiar&#227;o da inibi&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica de SGLT2&#44; considerando quer o tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; quer comorbilidades existentes&#46; Tamb&#233;m ser&#225; importante confirmar se o benef&#237;cio da empagliflozina &#233; extens&#237;vel ao importante cap&#237;tulo da preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A redu&#231;&#227;o da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca parece legitimar um papel da empagliflozina na altera&#231;&#227;o da fisiopatologia do eixo&#47;s&#237;ndroma cardio&#8208;renal&#46; Os resultados dos estudos EMPEROR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#44; que incluem doentes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida &#40;EMPEROR&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reduced</span>&#41; e doentes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada &#40;EMPEROR&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preserved</span>&#41;&#44; com e sem diabetes&#44; poder&#227;o revelar&#8208;se particularmente esclarecedores neste contexto&#46; No seguimento destes estudos foram&#44; recentemente&#44; anunciados dois ensaios cl&#237;nicos funcionais que ir&#227;o avaliar o efeito da empagliflozina na capacidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico e nos sintomas de IC&#44; em doentes com IC cr&#243;nica com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida &#40;EMPERIAL&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reduced</span>&#41; e com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada &#40;EMPERIAL&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preserved</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#44; no qual se prev&#234; a participa&#231;&#227;o de centros portugueses&#46; Aguarda&#8208;se&#44; igualmente&#44; a defini&#231;&#227;o da efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da empagliflozina na DRC&#44; com o estudo EMPA&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kidney</span>&#44; j&#225; anunciado&#44; e que ir&#225; envolver aproximadamente 5000 doentes com DRC&#44; com e sem diabetes tipo 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O primeiro estudo publicado de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV p&#243;s&#8208;EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; o estudo CANVAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; conseguiu demonstrar efeitos ben&#233;ficos similares&#44; embora sem evidenciar o mesmo alcance dos resultados observados com a empagliflozina&#46; S&#227;o esperados para breve os resultados de dois outros estudos com iSGLT2&#44; o CREDENCE &#40;canagliflozina&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> e o DECLARE TIMI58 &#40;dapagliflozina&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a>&#44; que podem vir a clarificar alguma das teorias propostas&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; est&#227;o em fase de recrutamento tr&#234;s ensaios adicionais com a dapagliflozina&#44; dois incluindo doentes com IC &#40;Dapa&#8208;HF e PRESERVED&#8208;HF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67&#44;68</span></a> e um de doentes com DRC &#40;Dapa&#8208;CKD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46; Podendo ser ainda precoce afirmar a exist&#234;ncia de um efeito de classe&#44; existe uma cada vez mais fundada expetativa da exist&#234;ncia de um mecanismo comum subjacente &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiorrenal associado &#224; inibi&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica do cotransportador de tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; inequ&#237;voco o papel da empagliflozina&#44; e do pioneirismo do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; na altera&#231;&#227;o do paradigma de tratamento dos doentes com DMT2&#44; tendo&#8208;se iniciado uma nova era no tratamento e gest&#227;o desta patologia&#46; Com a possibilidade de exist&#234;ncia de prote&#231;&#227;o CV&#44; para al&#233;m do efeito anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;mico dos f&#225;rmacos&#44; hoje e futuramente&#44; sempre que escolhermos um f&#225;rmaco antidiab&#233;tico com evid&#234;ncia de prote&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular estaremos a prevenir a morbilidade CV associada &#224; diabetes&#44; mais do que apenas a trat&#225;&#8208;la&#44; o que vir&#225; a ter repercuss&#245;es ben&#233;ficas ao n&#237;vel da epidemiologia desta doen&#231;a&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Financiamento</span><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabalho teve o apoio n&#227;o restritivo da Boehringer Ingelheim e da Lilly&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Monteiro &#8211; Investigador do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG Outcome&#59; Carlos Aguiar &#8211; Recebeu honor&#225;rios por servi&#231;os de consultoria prestados &#224;s seguintes entidades&#58; AstraZeneca&#44; Bial Portela&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Tecnimede&#59;</p><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Matos &#8211; Advisory Board&#58; MSD&#44; AstraZeneca&#59; Speaker honoraria&#58; MSD&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#59; Jos&#233; Silva&#8208;Nunes &#8211; Auferiu honor&#225;rios da Boehringer Ingelheim&#47; Lilly por a&#231;&#245;es de forma&#231;&#227;o&#47; consultoria&#59; Rita Birne &#8211; Consultoria a AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Eli Lilly&#44; Gilead&#44; Novartis e Sanofi&#59; Patr&#237;cia Branco &#8211; Sem conflitos de interesses com a Boehringer Ingelheim&#59; Joaquim Calado &#8211; Recebeu nos dois &#250;ltimos anos honoraria referente a atividade de consultoria cient&#237;fica e m&#233;dica das seguintes entidades&#58; Boheringer Ingelheim&#44; Lilly e AstraZeneca&#59; Miguel Melo &#8211; Financiamento para projetos de investiga&#231;&#227;o e honor&#225;rios como consultor ou palestrante&#58; Bial&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Lilly&#44; Eisai&#44; Janssen&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Sanofi&#47;Genzyme&#59; Jorge Pol&#243;nia &#8211; Sem conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abbreviations"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199258"
          "palabras" => array:25 [
            0 => "ADA"
            1 => "AI"
            2 => "arGLP&#8208;1"
            3 => "AVC"
            4 => "CV"
            5 => "CVOT"
            6 => "DAP"
            7 => "DCV"
            8 => "DM"
            9 => "DMT1&#47;2"
            10 => "DRC"
            11 => "EAM"
            12 => "EMA"
            13 => "FDA"
            14 => "GLP&#8208;1"
            15 => "HR"
            16 => "HTA"
            17 => "IC"
            18 => "IC 95&#37;"
            19 => "iDPP&#8208;4"
            20 => "iSGLT2"
            21 => "MACE"
            22 => "NHE"
            23 => "PPAR&#8208;&#947;"
            24 => "eGFR"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199259"
          "palabras" => array:25 [
            0 => "ADA"
            1 => "AI"
            2 => "arGLP&#8208;1"
            3 => "AVC"
            4 => "CV"
            5 => "CVOT"
            6 => "DAP"
            7 => "DCV"
            8 => "DM"
            9 => "DMT1&#47;2"
            10 => "DRC"
            11 => "EAM"
            12 => "EMA"
            13 => "FDA"
            14 => "GLP&#8208;1"
            15 => "HR"
            16 => "HTA"
            17 => "IC"
            18 => "IC 95&#37;"
            19 => "iDPP&#8208;4"
            20 => "iSGLT2"
            21 => "MACE"
            22 => "NHE"
            23 => "PPAR&#8208;&#947;"
            24 => "eGFR"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199260"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Empagliflozin"
            1 => "Diabetes"
            2 => "Cardiovascular disease"
            3 => "Heart failure"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia da diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> tipo 2 &#40;DMT2&#41; continua a aumentar e a sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>V&#41; tem levado &#224; incorpora&#231;&#227;o e valoriza&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos sobre o tratamento da DMT2&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este artigo faz uma revis&#227;o dos v&#225;rios ensaios j&#225; realizados e em desenvolvimento&#44; neste &#226;mbito&#44; com especial enfoque no estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#46; Neste estudo&#44; a empagliflozina&#44; um inibidor do cotransportador tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose &#40;iSGLT2&#41;&#44; demonstrou efeitos ben&#233;ficos na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida&#44; para al&#233;m de seguran&#231;a CV e diminui&#231;&#227;o dos valores de HbA1c&#44; representando uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma com impacto ao n&#237;vel das recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais para o tratamento da DMT2&#46; Estes resultados mantiveram&#8208;se em an&#225;lises de subgrupos posteriores&#44; nomeadamente na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica e doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#44; ainda que muitas quest&#245;es se coloquem sobre os mecanismos envolvidos nestes efeitos &#8211; se efeitos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; efeitos metab&#243;licos ou se a diminui&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es de s&#243;dio citoplasm&#225;tico no mioc&#225;rdio&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Com a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">majo</span>r em doentes com DMT2&#44; os resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME demonstraram&#44; pela primeira vez&#44; prote&#231;&#227;o CV associada ao efeito de um f&#225;rmaco anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;mico e iniciaram uma nova era no tratamento e gest&#227;o da DMT2&#46; Este estudo levou ao desenvolvimento de outros ensaios&#44; ainda a decorrer&#44; que permitir&#227;o estabelecer quais os doentes que mais beneficiar&#227;o desta terap&#234;utica&#44; nomeadamente na rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; exist&#234;ncia de comorbilidades&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of type 2 diabetes &#40;T2D&#41; continues to increase&#44; and its association with cardiovascular &#40;CV&#41; disease has led to the inclusion of CV endpoints in clinical trials on the treatment of T2D&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article explores the various trials already performed and under development in this field&#44; with particular focus on the EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME trial&#46; In this trial&#44; empagliflozin&#44; a sodium&#8208;glucose co&#8208;transporter 2 inhibitor&#44; demonstrated a reduction in CV risk in patients with T2D and established CV disease&#44; in addition to CV safety and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin&#46; This represents a paradigm shift that has led to changes in the international guidelines for the treatment of T2D&#46; These results were maintained in subsequent subgroup analysis for heart failure&#44; chronic kidney disease and peripheral arterial disease&#44; although there are many questions concerning the mechanisms involved in these effects&#44; including whether they are hemodynamic&#44; metabolic or due to decreased myocardial cytoplasmic sodium concentrations&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With this reduction in risk for major CV events in patients with T2D&#44; the EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated CV protection from a hypoglycemic drug for the first time&#44; and opened a new era in the treatment and management of T2D&#46; This study has led to the development of ongoing trials that will establish which patients will benefit most from this therapy&#44; particularly with regard to comorbidities&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1948
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> prim&#225;rio e secund&#225;rio do estudo EMPA&#8208;REGOUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 30&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio &#40;morte por causa CV&#44; AVC n &#227;o fatal ou EAM n&#227;o fatal&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; Morte por causa CV&#44; &#40;C&#41; Morte por qualquer causa&#44; &#40;D&#41; Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&#46; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hazard</span> ratio&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 909
            "Ancho" => 1558
            "Tamanyo" => 76973
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tempo para a primeira hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC ou morte CV&#44; do estudo EMPA&#8208;REGOUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 42&#41;&#46; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hazard Ratio</span>&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; Intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1757
            "Ancho" => 2919
            "Tamanyo" => 254989
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados por risco de IC a cinco anos de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de risco de IC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health ABC</span> na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial &#40;adaptado de 43&#41;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DAP&#58; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#59; MACE&#58; eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60;0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2278
            "Ancho" => 2896
            "Tamanyo" => 338351
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Morte CV&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&#44; morte por todas as causas e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por todas as causas em doentes com e sem DRC &#40;eGFR &#60; 60 mL&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m2 e&#47;ou macroalbumin&#250;ria &#91;UACR &#62; 300 mg&#47;g&#93;&#41; na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 44&#41;</p> <p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2907
            "Ancho" => 2908
            "Tamanyo" => 549342
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados CV&#44; morte por todas as causas&#44; amputa&#231;&#245;es dos membros inferiores e nefropatia incidente ou agravada por DAP na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 45&#41;</p> <p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DAP&#58; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#59; MACE&#58; eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AI&#58; angina inst&#225;vel&#59; arGLP&#8208;1&#58; agonista do recetor do GLP&#8208;1&#59; AVC&#58; acidente vascular cerebral&#59; CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DRC&#58; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica&#59; EAM&#58; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio&#59; eGFR&#58; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; PPAR&#8208;&#947;&#58; recetores ativados por proliferador de peroxissoma gama&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ensaio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Situa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmaco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Classe terap&#234;utica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interven&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Identifica&#231;&#227;o no Clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EXAMINE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alogliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alogliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;380&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00968708&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SAVOR&#8208;TIMI53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saxagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saxagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01107886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Empagliflozina 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;064&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01131676&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ELIXA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lixisenatido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lixisenatido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01147250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TECOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sitagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sitagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;671&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00790205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LEADER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liraglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liraglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;340&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01179048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SUSTAIN&#8208;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Semaglutido 1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;297&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01720446&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FREEDOM&#8208;CVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido via DUROS&#174;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ITCA 650 &#40;exenatido via DUROS&#174;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por AI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01455896&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CANVAS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Canagliflozina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;418&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01032629&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EXSCEL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido semanal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;752&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01144338&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CARMELINA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01897532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PIONEER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;176&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02692716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TOSCA&#8208;IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pioglitazona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Agonista do PPAR&#8208;&#947;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pioglitazona <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Sulfonilureia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC&#44; ou revasculiza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;371&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00700856&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HARMONY Outcomes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Albiglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Albiglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02465515&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">REWIND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;estimada&#8208;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dulaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dulaglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;622&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01394952&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VERTIS CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ertugliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ertugliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01986881&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DAPA&#8208;HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por EAM&#44; ou consulta de urg&#234;ncia por EAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03036124&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CAROLINA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> Glimepirida <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01243424&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DECLARE&#8208;TIMI58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;276&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01730534&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CREDENCE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DRC &#43; Morte CV e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02065791&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPEROR Preserved&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;126&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03057951&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPEROR Reduced&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;850&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03057977&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DAPA&#8208;CKD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Decl&#237;nio da eGFR &#8805;50&#37;&#44; ouDoen&#231;a Renal Est&#225;dio 5&#44; Morte CV&#44; ouMorte Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03036150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC ou morte CV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">198 &#40;8&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">265 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;55&#8208;0&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">149 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">190 &#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;51&#8208;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;20&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;16&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72 &#40;0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;4&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">126 &#40;2&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;65 &#40;0&#44;50&#8208;0&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;3&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;1&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;12&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;10&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75 &#40;0&#44;48&#8208;1&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Morte CV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;5&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">172 &#40;3&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62 &#40;0&#44;49&#8208;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">110 &#40;5&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;60 &#40;0&#44;47&#8208;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;11&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;8&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Morte por todas as causas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">194 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">269 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;57&#8208;0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159 &#40;7&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">213 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;51&#8208;0&#44;81&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;12&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;52&#8208;1&#44;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> CV em doentes com e sem insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no in&#237;cio do estudo &#40;adaptado de 42&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EA&#58; evento adverso&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgrupos de IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentagem total de mortes CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span> &#40;n &#61; 706&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC &#40;n &#61; 221&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;65 &#40;0&#44;35&#8208;1&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IC reportada como EA pelo investigador &#40;n &#61; 347&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;73 &#40;0&#44;46&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doentes com ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos de IC &#40;n &#61; 958&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;67 &#40;0&#44;47&#8208;0&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doentes sem ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos de IC &#40;n &#61; 6&#46;062&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;48&#8208;0&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2225619.png"
              ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortes CV em subgrupos de doentes com IC na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial ou incidente durante o estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 43&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:69 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diabetes and cardiovascular disease&#58; Epidemiology&#44; biological mechanisms&#44; treatment recommendations and future research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;M&#46; Leon"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Maddox"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "2015 10"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1246"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1258"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26468341"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
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Efeito da empagliflozina para além do controlo glicémico: benefício cardiovascular em doentes com DMT2 e doença cardiovascular estabelecida
Effect of empagliflozin beyond glycemic control: Cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease
Pedro Monteiroa,
Autor para correspondência
pedromontei@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Carlos Aguiarb, Pedro Matosc, José Silva‐Nunesd, Rita Birnee, Patrícia Brancoe, Joaquim Caladof, Miguel Melog, Jorge Polóniah
a Serviço de Cardiologia A, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
b Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
c Departamento de Cardiologia, Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal; Centro do Coração, Hospital CUF Infante Santo, Lisboa, Portugal
d Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
e Departamento de Nefrologia, Associação Protetora dos Diabéticos de Portugal; Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
f Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
g Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
h Departmento de Medicina, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Unidade de Hipertensão, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Porto/Matosinhos, Portugal
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        "titulo" => "Effect of empagliflozin beyond glycemic control&#58; Cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> prim&#225;rio e secund&#225;rio do estudo EMPA&#8208;REGOUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 30&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio &#40;morte por causa CV&#44; AVC n &#227;o fatal ou EAM n&#227;o fatal&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; Morte por causa CV&#44; &#40;C&#41; Morte por qualquer causa&#44; &#40;D&#41; Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&#46; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hazard</span> ratio&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o&#58; doen&#231;a CV e diabetes</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> &#40;DM&#41; &#233; uma das doen&#231;as cr&#243;nicas com maior impacto a n&#237;vel mundial devido &#224; sua elevada preval&#234;ncia e aos elevados custos econ&#243;micos diretos e indiretos motivados&#44; em grande parte&#44; pelo desenvolvimento de complica&#231;&#245;es micro e macrovasculares&#46; Apesar dos v&#225;rios esfor&#231;os ao n&#237;vel de pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de e de educa&#231;&#227;o&#44; a preval&#234;ncia da DM tipo 1 &#40;DMT1&#41; e&#44; sobretudo&#44; da DM tipo 2 &#40;DMT2&#41; continua a aumentar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existe uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre a DM e a doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#40;DCV&#41;&#44; nomeadamente no que diz respeito ao enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio &#40;EAM&#41;&#44; acidente vascular cerebral &#40;AVC&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica &#40;DAP&#41;&#44; cardiomiopatia e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A DCV &#233; a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade em pessoas com diabetes&#44; especialmente no que concerne o EAM e AVC&#44; em rela&#231;&#227;o aos quais s&#227;o reportados valores de preval&#234;ncia quatro vezes mais elevados nas pessoas com diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; Em Portugal&#44; de acordo com o Programa Nacional para a Diabetes&#44; cerca de um ter&#231;o dos internamentos por EAM e AVC foram de pessoas com DM&#44; sendo a mortalidade por EAM&#44; nestes indiv&#237;duos&#44; superior &#224; da popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o diab&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IC tem tamb&#233;m uma elevada preval&#234;ncia em pessoas com DM&#44; sendo 2&#44;5 vezes superior nestes indiv&#237;duos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#59; um em cada cinco diab&#233;ticos com mais de 65 anos tem IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Doentes com DM e IC apresentam pior progn&#243;stico&#44; com uma taxa de mortalidade de causa CV superior e um n&#250;mero e dura&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es mais elevados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; embora a IC seja reconhecidamente parte dos eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> relacionados com a DMT2&#44; &#233; frequentemente subvalorizada enquanto alvo terap&#234;utico nos m&#250;ltiplos estudos desenvolvidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando este elevado impacto&#44; a diabetes &#233; atualmente considerada um fator de risco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> e independente de DCV&#44; a par do consumo de tabaco&#44; da hipertens&#227;o arterial &#40;HTA&#41; e da dislipidemia&#44; devendo o tratamento das pessoas com diabetes ser focado na melhoria do risco cardiovascular &#40;CV&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;8</span></a>&#46; A abordagem terap&#234;utica na diminui&#231;&#227;o e preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es CV na DMT2 deve contemplar o controlo da glicemia&#44; mas deve tamb&#233;m ser cada vez mais multifatorial&#44; incluindo o controlo da press&#227;o arterial&#44; do perfil lip&#237;dico e do peso corporal&#44; o combate ao sedentarismo e a cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; a redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV na diabetes &#233; uma &#225;rea particularmente desafiante e complexa&#44; j&#225; que outros fatores de risco CV est&#227;o tamb&#233;m presentes nos indiv&#237;duos com DMT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O paradigma cl&#225;ssico relaciona a g&#233;nese do risco cardiovascular associado &#224; DMT2 ao estado permanente de hiperglicemia&#44; sugerindo uma rela&#231;&#227;o quase linear entre as perturba&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas e les&#227;o vascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Este paradigma foi contrariado pelos resultados de f&#225;rmacos que&#44; apesar de otimizarem o controlo glic&#233;mico&#44; n&#227;o t&#234;m conseguido demonstrar os efeitos ben&#233;ficos esperados na diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular&#44; como foi o caso da generalidade dos inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase 4 &#8208;iDPP4&#44; das sulfonilureias e da insulina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; os ensaios cl&#237;nicos t&#234;m vindo a incorporar e a valorizar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV no tratamento da DMT2 em adi&#231;&#227;o aos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> relacionados com o controlo metab&#243;lico&#44; nomeadamente ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM e de AVC e morte por causa CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Estado da arte nos estudos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV na DMT2</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T&#234;m sido muitos os esfor&#231;os para encontrar agentes farmacol&#243;gicos que demonstrem benef&#237;cios inequ&#237;vocos nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV em doentes com DMT2&#44; com in&#250;meros estudos de diferentes classes farmacol&#243;gicas&#46; No entanto&#44; os resultados t&#234;m sido&#44; em muitas situa&#231;&#245;es&#44; inconsistentes ou pouco significativos&#44; especialmente no que concerne as complica&#231;&#245;es macrovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historicamente&#44; cinco grandes estudos avaliaram de forma pioneira o efeito do controlo glic&#233;mico intensivo comparativamente ao controlo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard</span> no risco CV em doentes com DMT2 &#8211; os estudos UKPDS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; UGDP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; VADT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; ADVANCE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> e ACCORD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Embora estes estudos tenham inclu&#237;do doentes com diferentes est&#225;dios de DCV e por per&#237;odos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> distintos&#44; globalmente podem ser retiradas algumas conclus&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados dispon&#237;veis sugerem que a redu&#231;&#227;o intensiva da glicose tem efeitos ben&#233;ficos sobre o risco microvascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;15&#44;16</span></a>&#59; no entanto&#44; para resultados macrovasculares e mortalidade&#44; a evid&#234;ncia n&#227;o foi concordante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;17</span></a>&#46; Considerando os indiv&#237;duos com excesso de peso&#44; ocorreu uma redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por todas as causas&#44; da mortalidade associada &#224; diabetes e da ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; uma an&#225;lise retrospetiva&#44; a longo prazo&#44; ao grupo de doentes inclu&#237;dos no estudo UKPDS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> e no estudo VADT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> revelou uma redu&#231;&#227;o nos eventos CV com terapia intensiva <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> o tratamento padr&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s uma meta&#8208;an&#225;lise ter associado a rosiglitazona&#44; da classe terap&#234;utica das tiazolidinedionas&#44; a um aumento significativo de eventos CV e de mortalidade quando comparada a outros antidiab&#233;ticos orais&#44; foi desencadeada uma discuss&#227;o sobre a necessidade de avaliar mais detalhadamente as terapias antidiab&#233;ticas de uma perspetiva cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada a incerteza sobre os efeitos CV dos antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> &#40;FDA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> em 2008 e a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Medicines Agency</span> &#40;EMA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> em 2012 emitiram uma orienta&#231;&#227;o para a ind&#250;stria farmac&#234;utica sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o de ensaios cl&#237;nicos para novos f&#225;rmacos no tratamento da DMT2&#44; com enfoque nos resultados CV&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; v&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m sido desenvolvidos para avaliar o risco&#8208;benef&#237;cio de novas terap&#234;uticas anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;micas&#46; Estes estudos &#8211; CVOT &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiovascular Outcome Trials</span>&#41; &#8211; t&#234;m sido desenhados para demostra&#231;&#227;o de seguran&#231;a CV e do benef&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica antidiab&#233;tica&#44; maioritariamente na DMT2&#44; e incluem nos seus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> a mortalidade por causa CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda ou procedimentos urgentes de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; em popula&#231;&#245;es com maior risco CV&#44; mais idosas e com algum grau de insufici&#234;ncia renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a> apresenta um resumo dos ensaios realizados desde 2008&#44; ap&#243;s a emiss&#227;o da orienta&#231;&#227;o da FDA&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A primeira classe a reportar resultados&#44; ap&#243;s esta altera&#231;&#227;o&#44; foi a classe dos iDPP&#8208;4&#46; Os estudos com saxagliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; alogliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> e sitagliptina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> mostraram seguran&#231;a CV&#44; ainda que com efeitos neutros no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> cardiovascular prim&#225;rio&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; no estudo com saxagliptina&#44; verificou&#8208;se um aumento do risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; Aguardam&#8208;se os resultados dos ensaios CAROLINA &#40;linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> glimepirida&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> e CARMELINA &#40;linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> placebo&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> que poder&#227;o trazer informa&#231;&#227;o adicional sobre os efeitos desta classe terap&#234;utica no risco CV&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o destes estudos&#44; gerou&#8208;se algum des&#226;nimo na comunidade cient&#237;fica&#44; pois parecia que nenhuma terap&#234;utica antidiab&#233;tica era capaz de melhorar o progn&#243;stico cardiovascular&#46; No entanto&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma com a apresenta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Neste estudo&#44; a empagliflozina&#44; um inibidor do cotransportador tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose &#40;iSGLT2&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#44; para al&#233;m de seguran&#231;a CV&#44; efeitos ben&#233;ficos na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida&#46; Este benef&#237;cio foi observado logo ap&#243;s tr&#234;s meses de estudo e ampliou&#8208;se ao longo do tempo de seguimento&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 38&#37; no risco relativo de morte CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este ensaio cl&#237;nico aleatorizado&#44; em dupla oculta&#231;&#227;o&#44; pretendeu avaliar a n&#227;o inferioridade&#44; mas com a possibilidade de testar superioridade&#44; da empagliflozina &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg ou 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; uma vez por dia&#41; comparativamente a placebo&#44; ambos em associa&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard</span> &#40;antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; anti&#8208;hipertensores e antidislipid&#233;micos&#41;&#44; na ocorr&#234;ncia de um comp&#243;sito de MACE &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events</span>&#41; &#8211; morte por causa CV&#44; AVC n&#227;o fatal ou EAM n&#227;o fatal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados demonstraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos CV no grupo a fazer empagliflozina&#44; independentemente da dose utilizada&#44; face a placebo na ocorr&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio &#40;10&#44;5&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 12&#44;1&#37;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;04&#41;&#44; redu&#231;&#227;o em grande parte impulsionada pela redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade cardiovascular &#40;3&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 5&#44;9&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma significativa redu&#231;&#227;o de 32&#37; no n&#250;mero de mortes por qualquer causa e de 35&#37; nas hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC nos doentes sob terap&#234;utica com empagliflozina &#40;respetivamente 5&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 8&#44;3&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 e 2&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 4&#44;1&#37;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;002&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente&#44; o Programa CANVAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> demonstrou um benef&#237;cio de um outro inibidor da iSGLT2&#44; a canagliflozina&#44; na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV e das hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC&#44; mostrando uma consist&#234;ncia dentro da classe dos iSGLT2&#46; Este Programa incluiu doentes com DMT2 diabetes tipo 2 e elevado risco CV &#40;DCV estabelecida ou m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco CV&#41; em tratamento com canagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Foi definido como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio um comp&#243;sito de MACE &#8211; morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal &#8211; e&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> secund&#225;rios&#44; morte por qualquer causa&#44; morte por causa CV e um comp&#243;sito de dois pontos &#8211; morte por causa CV e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Verificou&#8208;se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o&#44; estatisticamente significativa&#44; de eventos no comp&#243;sito de tr&#234;s pontos MACE&#58; 26&#44;9 no grupo canagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 31&#44;5 no grupo placebo por 1000 doentes&#47;ano &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span>&#44; HR&#44; 0&#44;86&#59; intervalo de confian&#231;a&#44; IC&#44; 95&#37; 0&#44;75&#8208;0&#44;97&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 para n&#227;o inferioridade e p &#61; 0&#44;02 para superioridade&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; excetuando a menor ocorr&#234;ncia de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC no grupo a fazer tratamento com canagliflozina&#44; esta n&#227;o foi estatisticamente superior a placebo nos restantes eventos CV avaliados&#44; nomeadamente na morte CV&#44; EAM e AVC fatal e n&#227;o fatal &#8211; apesar da redu&#231;&#227;o apresentada nestes par&#226;metros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Nos doentes tratados com canagliflozina&#44; verificou&#8208;se um aumento do n&#250;mero de amputa&#231;&#227;o nos membros inferiores&#44; metatarsos&#44; p&#233;s e pernas e de fraturas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> que&#44; a par da redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa de morte CV&#44; foram as principais diferen&#231;as entre este estudo e o ensaio cl&#237;nico com a empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na classe dos iSGLT2&#44; aguardam&#8208;se os resultados dos ensaios em curso com outras mol&#233;culas &#40;dapagliflozina e ertugliflozina&#41; para esclarecer poss&#237;veis efeitos de classe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na classe dos agonistas do recetor do pept&#237;deo 1 semelhante ao glucagon &#40;arGLP&#8208;1 &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glucagon&#8208;like peptide</span> 1&#41;&#44; o liraglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> e o semaglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> vieram confirmar o novo paradigma no tratamento para diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de complica&#231;&#245;es CV na DMT2&#44; embora com resultados s&#243; ao fim de cerca de 12 meses&#46; Os ensaios demostraram benef&#237;cios no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio&#44; o comp&#243;sito de morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal&#44; mas com resultados distintos em alguns <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> quando avaliados isoladamente&#44; nomeadamente a ocorr&#234;ncia de EAM n&#227;o fatal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mais recentemente&#44; o ensaio com exenatido &#40;EXSCEL&#41; n&#227;o apresentou diferen&#231;as significativas face a placebo nos v&#225;rios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV avaliados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#44; tal como havia acontecido no estudo ELIXA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#44; em que o lixisenatido n&#227;o mostrou superioridade em rela&#231;&#227;o a placebo na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos CV em doentes rec&#233;m&#8208;diagnosticados com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda&#44; confirmando que as mol&#233;culas da classe dos arGLP&#8208;1 apresentam caracter&#237;sticas diferentes entre si&#44; sendo por isso dif&#237;cil falar num efeito de classe&#46; Aguardam&#8208;se ainda os resultados de seguran&#231;a CV do dulaglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> e do albiglutido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#44; que poder&#227;o trazer mais informa&#231;&#227;o sobre os arGLP&#8208;1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> CV do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ensaio cl&#237;nico EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> incluiu 7020 indiv&#237;duos com DMT2 &#40;HbA1c entre 7&#44;0 e 9&#44;0&#37; para indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o medicados e 7&#44;0 a 10&#37; nos indiv&#237;duos com terap&#234;utica anti&#8208;hiperglicemiante pr&#233;via&#41;&#44; com DCV estabelecida &#40;doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria&#44; DAP ou hist&#243;ria de EAM ou de AVC&#41;&#44; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada &#40;eGFR&#41; superior a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; igual ou inferior a 45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi definido como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio o comp&#243;sito de tr&#234;s pontos MACE &#40;morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal&#41; e&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> secund&#225;rio&#44; a conjuga&#231;&#227;o dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> prim&#225;rios com hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel&#59; adicionalmente pretendeu&#8208;se avaliar a ocorr&#234;ncia isolada de morte por causa CV&#44; EAM n&#227;o fatal&#44; AVC n&#227;o fatal&#44; internamento devido a IC e mortalidade por qualquer motivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; mostraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco para a ocorr&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> prim&#225;rio para o grupo a receber empagliflozina&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo &#40;HR 0&#44;86&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;74&#8208;0&#44;99&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001 para n&#227;o inferioridade e p &#61; 0&#44;04 para superioridade&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do risco de morte por causa CV &#40;HR 0&#44;62&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;49&#8208;0&#44;77&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; na morte por qualquer causa &#40;HR 0&#44;68&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;57&#8208;0&#44;82&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e do n&#250;mero hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC no grupo tratado com empagliflozina &#40;HR 0&#44;65&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;50&#8208;0&#44;85&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;002&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou&#8208;se&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; uma diminui&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel dos valores de HbA1c no grupo tratado com empagliflozina comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; bem como do peso&#44; da circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal&#44; &#225;cido &#250;rico plasm&#225;tico e da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A empagliflozina mostrou um bom perfil de seguran&#231;a e de tolerabilidade&#44; com uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos adversos compar&#225;vel ao grupo placebo&#44; exce&#231;&#227;o feita &#224; maior incid&#234;ncia de infe&#231;&#245;es genitais&#44; por&#233;m sem diferen&#231;as no que concerne a infe&#231;&#245;es urin&#225;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diminui&#231;&#227;o&#44; com diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa&#44; de 38&#37; do risco relativo &#40;RR&#41; de morte por causa CV&#44; de 35&#37; de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e de 32&#37; de morte por qualquer causa demonstrada pelo estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME foi surpreendente em termos de magnitude e da precocidade com que se verificou o afastamento das curvas dos bra&#231;os do estudo &#40;com e sem empagliflozina&#41;&#44; com a diferen&#231;a nos resultados entre grupo tratado com empagliflozina e placebo a verificar&#8208;se seis a 12 semanas ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a elevada preval&#234;ncia de IC associada a diabetes e a inexist&#234;ncia de f&#225;rmacos antidiab&#233;ticos que tenham demostrado uma redu&#231;&#227;o dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> relacionados com IC &#40;ocorr&#234;ncia&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e morte&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; foi feita uma an&#225;lise posterior do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME em que se pretendeu avaliar&#44; em maior detalhe&#44; os resultados referentes &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca dividindo os participantes em subgrupos&#44; incluindo doentes com e sem IC pr&#233;via<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cerca de 10&#37; &#40;n &#61; 706&#41; dos participantes do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME apresentavam IC na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#46; Nesta suban&#225;lise&#44; considerou&#8208;se o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span> comp&#243;sito de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e morte CV&#44; tendo&#8208;se verificado menor ocorr&#234;ncia destes eventos no grupo medicado com empagliflozina &#40;5&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 8&#44;5&#37; no grupo placebo&#59; HR 0&#44;66&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;55&#8208;0&#44;79&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; Esta redu&#231;&#227;o manteve&#8208;se ap&#243;s o ajuste dos resultados por sexo e subgrupos de idade&#44; etnia&#44; eGFR&#44; IC pr&#233;via&#44; classes de medicamentos para controlo de risco CV&#44; press&#227;o arterial e tratamento pr&#233;vio para a diabetes&#44; demonstrando que o efeito da empagliflozina &#233; consistente entre subgrupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; Com uma redu&#231;&#227;o global de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e morte CV de 34&#37; &#40;28&#37; nos doentes com IC estabelecida e 37&#37; nos doentes sem IC &#224; data de in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#41;&#44; de acordo com esta an&#225;lise&#44; bastaria tratar 36 doentes durante tr&#234;s anos para evitar a ocorr&#234;ncia de um destes eventos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra suban&#225;lise do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME avaliou se o benef&#237;cio da empagliflozina se mantinha&#44; independentemente do risco estimado de IC&#44; nos participantes sem esta patologia na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de risco de IC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health ABC</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46; Nos doentes a fazer empagliflozina sem IC pr&#233;via houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es ou morte por IC&#44; independentemente da sua categoria de risco&#44; contrariamente ao grupo placebo&#44; em que se verificou um aumento do n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es ou morte por IC com o aumento do risco calculado de IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;&#46; Os efeitos favor&#225;veis da empagliflozina mantiveram&#8208;se quando foi avaliado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> de morte por causa CV&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o do risco absoluto de morte CV de 4&#44;9&#37; nos doentes com IC previamente estabelecida ou incidente durante o ensaio e de 1&#44;5&#37; nos que n&#227;o tinham nem desenvolveram IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Verificou&#8208;se uma maior percentagem de eventos adversos nos doentes com IC pr&#233;via comparativamente aos que n&#227;o apresentavam IC&#44; quer nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; quer naqueles que fizeram placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra an&#225;lise dos dados do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME incidiu sobre o efeito da empagliflozina nos 2250 participantes que apresentavam doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica &#40;DRC&#41; na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Tamb&#233;m neste grupo de doentes&#44; comparativamente a placebo&#44; a empagliflozina reduziu o risco de morte por causa CV em 29&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;71&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;52&#8208;0&#44;98&#41;&#44; o risco de morte por todas as causas em 24&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;76&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;59&#8208;0&#44;99&#41;&#44; o risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC em 39&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;61&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;42&#8208;0&#44;87&#41; e o risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por todas as causas em 19&#37; &#40;HR 0&#44;81&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;72&#8208;0&#44;92&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figura 4</a>&#41;&#46; A ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos adversos foi semelhante entre os subgrupos com diferentes n&#237;veis de fun&#231;&#227;o renal &#224; entrada no estudo&#44; sem se ter verificado um aumento de eventos adversos como infe&#231;&#227;o urin&#225;ria&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; hipercali&#233;mia&#44; fraturas&#44; amputa&#231;&#245;es ou hipoglicemias no grupo tratado com empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> o grupo placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m na an&#225;lise do subgrupo de doentes com DAP do EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;n &#61; 1&#46;461&#41;&#44; a empagliflozina demonstrou redu&#231;&#227;o nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV&#44; quer nos comp&#243;sitos de 3 e 4 pontos MACE &#40;respetivamente 16&#37;&#44; HR 0&#44;84&#59; IC 5&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;14&#59; e 7&#37;&#44; HR 0&#44;93&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;70&#8208;1&#44;24&#41;&#44; quer nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> individuais&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 43&#37; da morte por causa CV &#40;HR 0&#44;57&#59; 95&#37; 0&#44;37&#8208;0&#44;88&#41;&#44; de 38&#37; da morte por qualquer causa &#40;HR 0&#44;62&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;44&#8208;0&#44;88&#41;&#44; de 44&#37; na hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC &#40;HR 0&#44;56&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;35&#8208;0&#44;92&#41; e de 46&#37; na incid&#234;ncia ou agravamento de nefropatia &#40;HR 0&#44;54&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;41&#8208;0&#44;71&#41;&#44; de forma consistente com os resultados no grupo sem DAP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figura 5</a>&#41;&#46; A redu&#231;&#227;o da morte por causa CV traduz&#8208;se na necessidade de tratar 29 doentes com DAP e DMT2 durante 3&#44;1 anos para evitar uma ocorr&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; Em termos de seguran&#231;a&#44; o grupo sob terap&#234;utica com empagliflozina foi semelhante ao grupo placebo nos doentes com e sem DAP na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; sem aumento do risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de amputa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas estas an&#225;lises parecem demonstrar que os resultados ben&#233;ficos da empagliflozina nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV se estendem para subgrupos de popula&#231;&#227;o mais vulner&#225;veis e em maior risco de morbilidade CV e mortalidade&#46; Contudo&#44; muitas quest&#245;es ainda se colocam sobre quais os mecanismos que levam a estes efeitos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Poss&#237;veis mecanismos para o benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME levantaram&#44; desde cedo&#44; muitas quest&#245;es sobre os mecanismos subjacentes aos benef&#237;cios CV demonstrados pela empagliflozina&#46; Embora estes mecanismos estejam por comprovar&#44; as propostas avan&#231;adas apontam para a possibilidade de efeitos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; efeitos metab&#243;licos e a diminui&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es de s&#243;dio intracelular estarem na origem deste benef&#237;cio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os efeitos imediatos hemodin&#226;micos de deple&#231;&#227;o de volume e aumento do hemat&#243;crito poder&#227;o fazer sentido para explicar a precocidade dos benef&#237;cios observados&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; o efeito hemodin&#226;mico parece ser o mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o mais consensualmente apontado como respons&#225;vel pelo benef&#237;cio CV precoce da empagliflozina&#44; suportado pela redu&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o arterial e do volume intravascular e indu&#231;&#227;o de diurese osm&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#8211;49</span></a>&#46; O aumento da diurese poder&#225; resultar na diminui&#231;&#227;o de volume circulante e na consequente redu&#231;&#227;o da pr&#233;&#8208; e p&#243;s&#8208;carga card&#237;aca e aumento da hemoconcentra&#231;&#227;o&#44; com maior liberta&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#233;nio nos tecidos&#44; traduzindo&#8208;se numa redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de IC e morte CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados inesperados na redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC suscitaram interesse no mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca da empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#46; Em alguns estudos de investiga&#231;&#227;o fundamental&#44; foi demonstrada uma diminui&#231;&#227;o na instala&#231;&#227;o e progress&#227;o da hipertrofia card&#237;aca e cardiomiopatia &#8211; explicada como resultado das altera&#231;&#245;es na reabsor&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio a n&#237;vel gastrointestinal ou eventual otimiza&#231;&#227;o no metabolismo card&#237;aco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46; Sabendo&#8208;se que uma das complica&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas que ocorrem na IC resulta da acumula&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio e c&#225;lcio no citoplasma e da diminui&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio mitocondrial nos cardiomi&#243;citos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;51</span></a>&#44; foi demonstrado&#44; em roedores&#44; a capacidade da empagliflozina em modificar a atividade do permutador de s&#243;dio&#8208;hidrog&#233;nio &#40;NHE&#41; card&#237;aco &#8211; um dos principais transportadores de s&#243;dio &#8211; com resultante diminui&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio e c&#225;lcio citoplasm&#225;tico e aumento de c&#225;lcio mitocondrial&#44; sendo que este mecanismo provou ser independente da a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina sobre o SGLT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#44; sugerindo efeitos adicionais deste f&#225;rmaco&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outros autores teorizaram que as mudan&#231;as metab&#243;licas card&#237;acas resultantes da a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina &#40;altera&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica com redu&#231;&#227;o de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de l&#237;pidos e glicose e maior consumo de corpos cet&#243;nicos&#41; resultariam num aumento da efic&#225;cia do processo metab&#243;lico card&#237;aco&#44; da contratilidade mioc&#225;rdica e efici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; tendo&#8208;se admitido que esta mudan&#231;a poderia verificar&#8208;se&#44; igualmente&#44; no tecido muscular e renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significativamente&#44; a diferen&#231;a no controlo glic&#233;mico n&#227;o pode justificar as diferen&#231;as observadas&#46; A reduzida varia&#231;&#227;o de HbA1c entre grupos no EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; com diminui&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;4&#37; nos grupos sob empagliflozina comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; a semelhan&#231;a aos resultados metab&#243;licos encontrados nos iDPP4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;27&#44;53</span></a>&#44; a diferen&#231;a precoce entre grupos nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV &#40;not&#243;ria algumas semanas ap&#243;s o inicio do estudo quando&#44; em estudos anteriores&#44; a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco CV surgia ap&#243;s v&#225;rios anos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span>&#41;&#44; todos enfraquecem a hip&#243;tese dos efeitos encontrados se deverem ao controlo metab&#243;lico induzido pelo f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra hip&#243;tese que tem ganhado forma como mecanismo determinante na a&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina prende&#8208;se com a mudan&#231;a metab&#243;lica resultante da inibi&#231;&#227;o mantida dos iSGLT2&#44; com benef&#237;cios cardio&#8208;renais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; A constante perda de glicose&#44; por diminui&#231;&#227;o mantida da reabsor&#231;&#227;o de glicose no t&#250;bulo contornado proximal&#44; pode resultar numa readapta&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica de diferentes mecanismos como&#58; a sobreativa&#231;&#227;o dos cotransportadores SGLT1 a jusante&#44; compensando parte das perdas de glicose&#59; o aumento da produ&#231;&#227;o de glicose end&#243;gena atrav&#233;s do aumento de glucagon e diminui&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de insulina s&#233;rica&#59; uma mudan&#231;a metab&#243;lica sist&#233;mica com aumento da oxida&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica e redu&#231;&#227;o da depend&#234;ncia de oxida&#231;&#227;o de glicose&#59; e o aumento do consumo de hidratos de carbono no contexto da diminui&#231;&#227;o de glicemia&#44; insulina e massa corporal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52&#44;55&#44;56</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tem sido colocada a hip&#243;tese de que mecanismos adjuvantes ao n&#237;vel mitocondrial&#44; para al&#233;m dos registados no estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; possam ser determinantes para os efeitos ben&#233;ficos obtidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Esta hip&#243;tese pressup&#245;e que em estados de hiperceton&#233;mia ligeira mas persistente&#44; tal como acontece com a influ&#234;ncia dos iSGLT2&#44; o consequente aumento de &#946;&#8208;hidroxibutirato circulante ofere&#231;a cardioprote&#231;&#227;o&#44; podendo&#44; cumulativamente&#44; otimizar o metabolismo de outros &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; nomeadamente o metabolismo renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Desta forma&#44; os efeitos da empagliflozina parecem induzir uma altera&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica com produ&#231;&#227;o de um sistema energeticamente mais eficiente &#8211; atrav&#233;s de uma mudan&#231;a de consumo de glicose&#47;&#225;cidos gordos para um sistema que privilegia a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de corpos cet&#243;nicos&#44; otimizando o desempenho card&#237;aco e renal&#46; Tal poderia explicar os efeitos ben&#233;ficos CV observados no EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME apenas tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas estas teorias necessitam&#44; por&#233;m&#44; de ser ainda comprovadas para que melhor se compreenda que mecanismos contribuem para o benef&#237;cio CV da empagliflozina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Seguran&#231;a e tolerabilidade</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise dos dados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME e as suas suban&#225;lises&#44; bem como a de ensaios cl&#237;nicos de fase I&#44; II e III com doentes medicados com empagliflozina&#44; t&#234;m demonstrado que esta &#233; bem tolerada&#44; tanto na sob dosagem de 10 como de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg di&#225;rios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numa meta&#8208;an&#225;lise recente que analisou 15 ensaios e quatro estudos de extens&#227;o&#44; incluindo o EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; envolvendo mais de 15&#160;000 doentes medicados com empagliflozina&#44; verificou&#8208;se que esta apresenta um perfil de risco benef&#237;cio favor&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Nesta meta&#8208;an&#225;lise&#44; verificou&#8208;se que o n&#250;mero de eventos adversos n&#227;o foi superior nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; independentemente da sua gravidade ou de levarem ou n&#227;o &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o se verificou um risco superior de hipoglicemia nos doentes tratados com empagliflozina&#44; quando comparados ao grupo placebo&#44; com a exce&#231;&#227;o de doentes medicados&#44; concomitantemente&#44; com sulfonilureias ou insulina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;58</span></a>&#44; justificando a advert&#234;ncia para que seja considerado o ajuste da dosagem de sulfonilureia e&#47;ou insulina quando iniciado o tratamento com empagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em eventos adversos relacionados com deple&#231;&#227;o de volume&#44; foi demonstrado semelhante perfil de seguran&#231;a e tolerabilidade da empagliflozina&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; com a exce&#231;&#227;o de doentes com idade superior a 75 anos ou a receber tratamento com diur&#233;ticos da ansa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acompanhando o perfil de seguran&#231;a da sua classe&#44; a empagliflozina demonstrou uma incid&#234;ncia superior de infe&#231;&#245;es mic&#243;ticas genitais&#44; comparativamente ao grupo placebo&#44; mais acentuado no grupo com idade superior a 65 anos&#46; Relativamente a infe&#231;&#245;es urin&#225;rias&#44; n&#227;o se verificaram diferen&#231;as entre os grupos tratados com empagliflozina e o grupo tratado com placebo em termos da incid&#234;ncia&#44; gravidade ou situa&#231;&#245;es que levassem &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#44; bem como no n&#250;mero ou prolongamento de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A empagliflozina demonstrou&#44; ainda&#44; resultados semelhantes ao grupo placebo no que diz respeito a fraturas &#243;sseas&#44; neoplasias&#44; eventos adversos renais&#44; les&#227;o hep&#225;tica ou pancre&#225;tica&#44; cetoacidose diab&#233;tica e amputa&#231;&#227;o de membros inferiores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ali&#225;s&#44; uma an&#225;lise posterior das amputa&#231;&#245;es de membros inferiores ocorridas durante o estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME mostrou que n&#227;o s&#243; a incid&#234;ncia destes eventos foi semelhante entre o grupo a fazer tratamento com empagliflozina e o grupo placebo&#44; como tamb&#233;m o tempo at&#233; &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia do primeiro evento&#44; sendo estes resultados transversais &#224; an&#225;lise de subgrupos de exist&#234;ncia de fatores de risco pr&#233;vios para amputa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Tal demonstra que a ocorr&#234;ncia de amputa&#231;&#245;es dos membros inferiores n&#227;o &#233; uma situa&#231;&#227;o decorrente de um efeito de classe dos iSGLT2&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">O posicionamento da empagliflozina no tratamento da diabetes</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados positivos do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; aliados a resultados positivos da canagliflozina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; levaram a altera&#231;&#245;es das recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da hiperglicemia na DMT2&#44; sugerindo a utiliza&#231;&#227;o mais precoce de um iSLGT2 no tratamento de doentes com DM e DCV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; Na atualiza&#231;&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es das Associa&#231;&#245;es Americana e Europeia da Diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; de 2015&#44; a classe dos iSGLT2 foi apresentada como a grande altera&#231;&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de 2012&#46; Os iSGLT2 que surgiram como uma nova op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica para a redu&#231;&#227;o da glicose&#44; devido ao seu mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o ser independente da insulina&#44; podiam ser utilizados em qualquer est&#225;dio da DMT2&#44; com vantagens adicionais ao n&#237;vel da redu&#231;&#227;o de peso e press&#227;o arterial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na &#250;ltima atualiza&#231;&#227;o das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> de tratamento da DM da Associa&#231;&#227;o Americana de Diabetes &#40;ADA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#44; publicada em 2018&#44; a empagliflozina &#233; o iSGLT2 recomendado em segunda linha associado a metformina e altera&#231;&#245;es do estilo de vida&#44; em doentes com DMT2&#44; por ter demonstrado forte evid&#234;ncia na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> e na redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade CV&#46; A empagliflozina &#233; apresentada como tendo benef&#237;cio em doentes com DCV ateroscler&#243;tica&#44; com IC cr&#243;nica e nefropatia diab&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Futuras linhas de investiga&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina&#58; estudos EMPEROR &#40;insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#41; e EMPA&#8208;Kidney &#40;doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica&#41;</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O car&#225;cter pioneiro do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME ficou estabelecido atrav&#233;s de uma significativa redu&#231;&#227;o do risco para eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> em doentes com DMT2 e por esta mesma redu&#231;&#227;o se verificar na compara&#231;&#227;o da empagliflozina com os restantes f&#225;rmacos antidiab&#233;ticos&#44; sejam da mesma&#44; sejam de outras classes de agentes antidiab&#233;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49&#44;50&#44;57</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; estes resultados levantam quest&#245;es sobre os mecanismos respons&#225;veis pelos efeitos observados e que seguramente ultrapassam o mero controlo da glicemia&#46; &#201; agora fundamental identificar quais os doentes que mais beneficiar&#227;o da inibi&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica de SGLT2&#44; considerando quer o tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; quer comorbilidades existentes&#46; Tamb&#233;m ser&#225; importante confirmar se o benef&#237;cio da empagliflozina &#233; extens&#237;vel ao importante cap&#237;tulo da preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A redu&#231;&#227;o da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca parece legitimar um papel da empagliflozina na altera&#231;&#227;o da fisiopatologia do eixo&#47;s&#237;ndroma cardio&#8208;renal&#46; Os resultados dos estudos EMPEROR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#44; que incluem doentes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida &#40;EMPEROR&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reduced</span>&#41; e doentes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada &#40;EMPEROR&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preserved</span>&#41;&#44; com e sem diabetes&#44; poder&#227;o revelar&#8208;se particularmente esclarecedores neste contexto&#46; No seguimento destes estudos foram&#44; recentemente&#44; anunciados dois ensaios cl&#237;nicos funcionais que ir&#227;o avaliar o efeito da empagliflozina na capacidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico e nos sintomas de IC&#44; em doentes com IC cr&#243;nica com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida &#40;EMPERIAL&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reduced</span>&#41; e com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada &#40;EMPERIAL&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preserved</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#44; no qual se prev&#234; a participa&#231;&#227;o de centros portugueses&#46; Aguarda&#8208;se&#44; igualmente&#44; a defini&#231;&#227;o da efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da empagliflozina na DRC&#44; com o estudo EMPA&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kidney</span>&#44; j&#225; anunciado&#44; e que ir&#225; envolver aproximadamente 5000 doentes com DRC&#44; com e sem diabetes tipo 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O primeiro estudo publicado de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span> CV p&#243;s&#8208;EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; o estudo CANVAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; conseguiu demonstrar efeitos ben&#233;ficos similares&#44; embora sem evidenciar o mesmo alcance dos resultados observados com a empagliflozina&#46; S&#227;o esperados para breve os resultados de dois outros estudos com iSGLT2&#44; o CREDENCE &#40;canagliflozina&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> e o DECLARE TIMI58 &#40;dapagliflozina&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a>&#44; que podem vir a clarificar alguma das teorias propostas&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; est&#227;o em fase de recrutamento tr&#234;s ensaios adicionais com a dapagliflozina&#44; dois incluindo doentes com IC &#40;Dapa&#8208;HF e PRESERVED&#8208;HF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67&#44;68</span></a> e um de doentes com DRC &#40;Dapa&#8208;CKD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46; Podendo ser ainda precoce afirmar a exist&#234;ncia de um efeito de classe&#44; existe uma cada vez mais fundada expetativa da exist&#234;ncia de um mecanismo comum subjacente &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiorrenal associado &#224; inibi&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica do cotransportador de tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; inequ&#237;voco o papel da empagliflozina&#44; e do pioneirismo do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#44; na altera&#231;&#227;o do paradigma de tratamento dos doentes com DMT2&#44; tendo&#8208;se iniciado uma nova era no tratamento e gest&#227;o desta patologia&#46; Com a possibilidade de exist&#234;ncia de prote&#231;&#227;o CV&#44; para al&#233;m do efeito anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;mico dos f&#225;rmacos&#44; hoje e futuramente&#44; sempre que escolhermos um f&#225;rmaco antidiab&#233;tico com evid&#234;ncia de prote&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular estaremos a prevenir a morbilidade CV associada &#224; diabetes&#44; mais do que apenas a trat&#225;&#8208;la&#44; o que vir&#225; a ter repercuss&#245;es ben&#233;ficas ao n&#237;vel da epidemiologia desta doen&#231;a&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Financiamento</span><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabalho teve o apoio n&#227;o restritivo da Boehringer Ingelheim e da Lilly&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Monteiro &#8211; Investigador do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG Outcome&#59; Carlos Aguiar &#8211; Recebeu honor&#225;rios por servi&#231;os de consultoria prestados &#224;s seguintes entidades&#58; AstraZeneca&#44; Bial Portela&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Tecnimede&#59;</p><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Matos &#8211; Advisory Board&#58; MSD&#44; AstraZeneca&#59; Speaker honoraria&#58; MSD&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#59; Jos&#233; Silva&#8208;Nunes &#8211; Auferiu honor&#225;rios da Boehringer Ingelheim&#47; Lilly por a&#231;&#245;es de forma&#231;&#227;o&#47; consultoria&#59; Rita Birne &#8211; Consultoria a AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Eli Lilly&#44; Gilead&#44; Novartis e Sanofi&#59; Patr&#237;cia Branco &#8211; Sem conflitos de interesses com a Boehringer Ingelheim&#59; Joaquim Calado &#8211; Recebeu nos dois &#250;ltimos anos honoraria referente a atividade de consultoria cient&#237;fica e m&#233;dica das seguintes entidades&#58; Boheringer Ingelheim&#44; Lilly e AstraZeneca&#59; Miguel Melo &#8211; Financiamento para projetos de investiga&#231;&#227;o e honor&#225;rios como consultor ou palestrante&#58; Bial&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Lilly&#44; Eisai&#44; Janssen&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Sanofi&#47;Genzyme&#59; Jorge Pol&#243;nia &#8211; Sem conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abbreviations"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199258"
          "palabras" => array:25 [
            0 => "ADA"
            1 => "AI"
            2 => "arGLP&#8208;1"
            3 => "AVC"
            4 => "CV"
            5 => "CVOT"
            6 => "DAP"
            7 => "DCV"
            8 => "DM"
            9 => "DMT1&#47;2"
            10 => "DRC"
            11 => "EAM"
            12 => "EMA"
            13 => "FDA"
            14 => "GLP&#8208;1"
            15 => "HR"
            16 => "HTA"
            17 => "IC"
            18 => "IC 95&#37;"
            19 => "iDPP&#8208;4"
            20 => "iSGLT2"
            21 => "MACE"
            22 => "NHE"
            23 => "PPAR&#8208;&#947;"
            24 => "eGFR"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199259"
          "palabras" => array:25 [
            0 => "ADA"
            1 => "AI"
            2 => "arGLP&#8208;1"
            3 => "AVC"
            4 => "CV"
            5 => "CVOT"
            6 => "DAP"
            7 => "DCV"
            8 => "DM"
            9 => "DMT1&#47;2"
            10 => "DRC"
            11 => "EAM"
            12 => "EMA"
            13 => "FDA"
            14 => "GLP&#8208;1"
            15 => "HR"
            16 => "HTA"
            17 => "IC"
            18 => "IC 95&#37;"
            19 => "iDPP&#8208;4"
            20 => "iSGLT2"
            21 => "MACE"
            22 => "NHE"
            23 => "PPAR&#8208;&#947;"
            24 => "eGFR"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1199260"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Empagliflozin"
            1 => "Diabetes"
            2 => "Cardiovascular disease"
            3 => "Heart failure"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia da diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> tipo 2 &#40;DMT2&#41; continua a aumentar e a sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>V&#41; tem levado &#224; incorpora&#231;&#227;o e valoriza&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> CV nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos sobre o tratamento da DMT2&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este artigo faz uma revis&#227;o dos v&#225;rios ensaios j&#225; realizados e em desenvolvimento&#44; neste &#226;mbito&#44; com especial enfoque no estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&#46; Neste estudo&#44; a empagliflozina&#44; um inibidor do cotransportador tipo 2 de s&#243;dio&#47;glicose &#40;iSGLT2&#41;&#44; demonstrou efeitos ben&#233;ficos na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com DMT2 e doen&#231;a CV estabelecida&#44; para al&#233;m de seguran&#231;a CV e diminui&#231;&#227;o dos valores de HbA1c&#44; representando uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma com impacto ao n&#237;vel das recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais para o tratamento da DMT2&#46; Estes resultados mantiveram&#8208;se em an&#225;lises de subgrupos posteriores&#44; nomeadamente na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica e doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#44; ainda que muitas quest&#245;es se coloquem sobre os mecanismos envolvidos nestes efeitos &#8211; se efeitos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; efeitos metab&#243;licos ou se a diminui&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es de s&#243;dio citoplasm&#225;tico no mioc&#225;rdio&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Com a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de eventos CV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">majo</span>r em doentes com DMT2&#44; os resultados do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME demonstraram&#44; pela primeira vez&#44; prote&#231;&#227;o CV associada ao efeito de um f&#225;rmaco anti&#8208;hiperglic&#233;mico e iniciaram uma nova era no tratamento e gest&#227;o da DMT2&#46; Este estudo levou ao desenvolvimento de outros ensaios&#44; ainda a decorrer&#44; que permitir&#227;o estabelecer quais os doentes que mais beneficiar&#227;o desta terap&#234;utica&#44; nomeadamente na rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; exist&#234;ncia de comorbilidades&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of type 2 diabetes &#40;T2D&#41; continues to increase&#44; and its association with cardiovascular &#40;CV&#41; disease has led to the inclusion of CV endpoints in clinical trials on the treatment of T2D&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article explores the various trials already performed and under development in this field&#44; with particular focus on the EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME trial&#46; In this trial&#44; empagliflozin&#44; a sodium&#8208;glucose co&#8208;transporter 2 inhibitor&#44; demonstrated a reduction in CV risk in patients with T2D and established CV disease&#44; in addition to CV safety and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin&#46; This represents a paradigm shift that has led to changes in the international guidelines for the treatment of T2D&#46; These results were maintained in subsequent subgroup analysis for heart failure&#44; chronic kidney disease and peripheral arterial disease&#44; although there are many questions concerning the mechanisms involved in these effects&#44; including whether they are hemodynamic&#44; metabolic or due to decreased myocardial cytoplasmic sodium concentrations&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With this reduction in risk for major CV events in patients with T2D&#44; the EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated CV protection from a hypoglycemic drug for the first time&#44; and opened a new era in the treatment and management of T2D&#46; This study has led to the development of ongoing trials that will establish which patients will benefit most from this therapy&#44; particularly with regard to comorbidities&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1948
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> prim&#225;rio e secund&#225;rio do estudo EMPA&#8208;REGOUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 30&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio &#40;morte por causa CV&#44; AVC n &#227;o fatal ou EAM n&#227;o fatal&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; Morte por causa CV&#44; &#40;C&#41; Morte por qualquer causa&#44; &#40;D&#41; Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&#46; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hazard</span> ratio&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 909
            "Ancho" => 1558
            "Tamanyo" => 76973
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tempo para a primeira hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC ou morte CV&#44; do estudo EMPA&#8208;REGOUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 42&#41;&#46; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hazard Ratio</span>&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; Intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1757
            "Ancho" => 2919
            "Tamanyo" => 254989
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados por risco de IC a cinco anos de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de risco de IC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health ABC</span> na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial &#40;adaptado de 43&#41;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DAP&#58; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#59; MACE&#58; eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60;0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2278
            "Ancho" => 2896
            "Tamanyo" => 338351
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Morte CV&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&#44; morte por todas as causas e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por todas as causas em doentes com e sem DRC &#40;eGFR &#60; 60 mL&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m2 e&#47;ou macroalbumin&#250;ria &#91;UACR &#62; 300 mg&#47;g&#93;&#41; na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 44&#41;</p> <p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2907
            "Ancho" => 2908
            "Tamanyo" => 549342
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados CV&#44; morte por todas as causas&#44; amputa&#231;&#245;es dos membros inferiores e nefropatia incidente ou agravada por DAP na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial do estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 45&#41;</p> <p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DAP&#58; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37;&#59; MACE&#58; eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Foi considerado um valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 para a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dos subgrupos nos diversos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcomes</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AI&#58; angina inst&#225;vel&#59; arGLP&#8208;1&#58; agonista do recetor do GLP&#8208;1&#59; AVC&#58; acidente vascular cerebral&#59; CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DRC&#58; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica&#59; EAM&#58; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio&#59; eGFR&#58; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; PPAR&#8208;&#947;&#58; recetores ativados por proliferador de peroxissoma gama&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ensaio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Situa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmaco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Classe terap&#234;utica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interven&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Identifica&#231;&#227;o no Clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EXAMINE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alogliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alogliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;380&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00968708&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SAVOR&#8208;TIMI53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saxagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saxagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01107886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Empagliflozina 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;064&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01131676&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ELIXA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lixisenatido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lixisenatido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01147250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TECOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sitagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sitagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;671&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00790205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LEADER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liraglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liraglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;340&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01179048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SUSTAIN&#8208;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Semaglutido 1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;297&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01720446&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FREEDOM&#8208;CVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido via DUROS&#174;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ITCA 650 &#40;exenatido via DUROS&#174;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por AI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01455896&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CANVAS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Canagliflozina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;418&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01032629&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EXSCEL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exenatido semanal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;752&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01144338&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CARMELINA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01897532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PIONEER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Semaglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;176&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02692716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TOSCA&#8208;IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2018&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pioglitazona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Agonista do PPAR&#8208;&#947;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pioglitazona <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Sulfonilureia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AVC&#44; ou revasculiza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;371&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT00700856&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HARMONY Outcomes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Albiglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Albiglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02465515&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">REWIND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;estimada&#8208;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dulaglutido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">arGLP&#8208;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dulaglutido <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;622&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01394952&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VERTIS CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ertugliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ertugliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01986881&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DAPA&#8208;HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por EAM&#44; ou consulta de urg&#234;ncia por EAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03036124&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CAROLINA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iDPP&#8208;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linagliptina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> Glimepirida <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; AI&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01243424&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DECLARE&#8208;TIMI58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV&#44; EAM&#44; ou AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;276&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT01730534&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CREDENCE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2019&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canagliflozina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DRC &#43; Morte CV e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT02065791&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPEROR Preserved&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;126&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03057951&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMPEROR Reduced&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte CV ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;850&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03057977&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DAPA&#8208;CKD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ongoing</span>&#40;2020&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iSGLT2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dapagliflozina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Decl&#237;nio da eGFR &#8805;50&#37;&#44; ouDoen&#231;a Renal Est&#225;dio 5&#44; Morte CV&#44; ouMorte Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCT03036150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC ou morte CV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">198 &#40;8&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">265 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;55&#8208;0&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">149 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">190 &#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;51&#8208;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;20&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;16&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72 &#40;0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;4&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">126 &#40;2&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;65 &#40;0&#44;50&#8208;0&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;3&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;1&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;12&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;10&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75 &#40;0&#44;48&#8208;1&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Morte CV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;5&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">172 &#40;3&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62 &#40;0&#44;49&#8208;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">110 &#40;5&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;60 &#40;0&#44;47&#8208;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;11&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;8&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Morte por todas as causas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Todos os doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">194 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">269 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;57&#8208;0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159 &#40;7&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">213 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;51&#8208;0&#44;81&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;12&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;52&#8208;1&#44;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcomes</span> CV em doentes com e sem insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no in&#237;cio do estudo &#40;adaptado de 42&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EA&#58; evento adverso&#59; IC&#58; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgrupos de IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Empagliflozina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentagem total de mortes CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">IC na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">baseline</span> &#40;n &#61; 706&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC &#40;n &#61; 221&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;65 &#40;0&#44;35&#8208;1&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IC reportada como EA pelo investigador &#40;n &#61; 347&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;73 &#40;0&#44;46&#8208;1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doentes com ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos de IC &#40;n &#61; 958&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;67 &#40;0&#44;47&#8208;0&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doentes sem ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos de IC &#40;n &#61; 6&#46;062&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;48&#8208;0&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2225619.png"
              ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortes CV em subgrupos de doentes com IC na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial ou incidente durante o estudo EMPA&#8208;REG OUTCOME &#40;adaptado de 43&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:69 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diabetes and cardiovascular disease&#58; Epidemiology&#44; biological mechanisms&#44; treatment recommendations and future research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;M&#46; Leon"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Maddox"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "2015 10"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1246"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1258"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26468341"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
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Informação do artigo
ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Português
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Ano/Mês Html Pdf Total
2024 Novembro 82 5 87
2024 Outubro 579 56 635
2024 Setembro 619 37 656
2024 Agosto 584 39 623
2024 Julho 738 47 785
2024 Junho 800 54 854
2024 Maio 802 31 833
2024 Abril 933 58 991
2024 Maro 996 42 1038
2024 Fevereiro 1160 49 1209
2024 Janeiro 1293 47 1340
2023 Dezembro 857 36 893
2023 Novembro 909 50 959
2023 Outubro 873 39 912
2023 Setembro 765 35 800
2023 Agosto 745 24 769
2023 Julho 774 28 802
2023 Junho 789 36 825
2023 Maio 934 48 982
2023 Abril 578 28 606
2023 Maro 800 39 839
2023 Fevereiro 571 38 609
2023 Janeiro 442 39 481
2022 Dezembro 317 31 348
2022 Novembro 773 55 828
2022 Outubro 770 51 821
2022 Setembro 694 67 761
2022 Agosto 463 64 527
2022 Julho 423 52 475
2022 Junho 318 57 375
2022 Maio 328 54 382
2022 Abril 446 40 486
2022 Maro 405 57 462
2022 Fevereiro 357 58 415
2022 Janeiro 373 38 411
2021 Dezembro 320 51 371
2021 Novembro 357 59 416
2021 Outubro 380 70 450
2021 Setembro 325 45 370
2021 Agosto 190 48 238
2021 Julho 227 33 260
2021 Junho 237 72 309
2021 Maio 421 51 472
2021 Abril 596 105 701
2021 Maro 347 51 398
2021 Fevereiro 255 33 288
2021 Janeiro 174 29 203
2020 Dezembro 193 40 233
2020 Novembro 191 30 221
2020 Outubro 163 28 191
2020 Setembro 263 55 318
2020 Agosto 135 28 163
2020 Julho 171 26 197
2020 Junho 142 38 180
2020 Maio 220 21 241
2020 Abril 185 45 230
2020 Maro 104 32 136
2020 Fevereiro 190 82 272
2020 Janeiro 52 19 71
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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