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HR&#46; One is based on HR reserve &#40;HRR&#41;&#44; for which the guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> specify a range of 40-80&#37;&#46; This method gives similar results to the gold standard CPET&#46; The other method aims for 50-85&#37; of peak HR&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In some situations it cannot be assumed that HR will have a linear relationship with VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and work rate increase&#44; such as in pacemaker implantation&#44; heart transplantation&#44; chronotropic incompetence or beta-blocker therapy&#46; In such cases an alternative is to use a rating of perceived exertion &#40;RPE&#41;&#44; as provided by the Borg scale&#46; Target HR in this case will be determined by a score of 12-16 &#40;on a scale from 6 to 20&#41; on the Borg scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Target HR has been set by high-intensity interval training &#40;HIIT&#41; in some studies at a level of 80-90&#37; of HRR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The best method of determining target HR has not been clearly established&#44; nor has the optimal progression of exercise intensity in the established range&#46; A careful balance must be achieved between safety and performance&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increases in the intensity of aerobic exercise can be guided by monitoring HR achieved during the sessions and the associated RPE&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span> features a study by Amorim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> of 238 randomly selected patients undergoing a CR program in the cardiac rehabilitation center of Centro Hospitalar de S&#46; Jo&#227;o&#44; Porto&#44; between 2008 and 2016&#44; following an acute coronary syndrome&#46; It aimed to describe the progression of aerobic exercise intensity in these patients&#44; and revealed a significant improvement in functional capacity following the program&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors studied the progression of aerobic exercise intensity by measuring patients&#8217; weekly peak exercise HR on the treadmill and exercise intensity in metabolic equivalents &#40;METs&#41;&#44; using the American College of Sports Medicine formulas based on the speed and grade of the treadmill&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To quantify improvement in functional capacity due to the program&#44; they indexed the peak HR achieved in the sessions and the RPE score to the intensity of exercise &#40;in METs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results were as expected&#44; with significant increases in functional capacity&#44; and greater intensity of exercise with lower perception of effort&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study revealed that the patients trained at the upper end of the recommended range by the peak HR method&#44; but at the lower end of the recommended range by the HRR method &#40;which is more reliable and is closer to measured VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; guided by RPE and peak HR achieved in aerobic sessions during treadmill exercise&#46; This supports the idea that there may be room to increase the intensity of training&#44; such as by raising the RPE score to 14-16&#44; in selected patients&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors conclude that the major changes resulting from exercise occurred during the first month of training&#44; with less visible change in functional capacity thereafter&#44; especially in older patients&#46; This highlights the need for a different approach to these patients&#44; to enable them to achieve better results&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; there is room for further improvement in the benefits provided by a conventionally structured CR program&#44; in particular by introducing more ambitious goals in progression of exercise intensity in some patients and by diversifying the program schemes&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Editorial comment
Are we doing our best for our cardiac rehabilitation patients? Could we go further?
Estamos a dar o melhor aos nossos doentes de reabilitação cardíaca? Podemos ir um pouco mais além?
Luís Martins Brízidaa,b
a Hospital Amadora-Sintra Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Serviço de Cardiologia, Unidade Cuidados Intensivos Cardíacos (UCIC), Amadora, Portugal
b Unidade Cardiovascular, Grupo Lusíadas Lisboa, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no doubt that cardiac rehabilitation &#40;CR&#41; is a very effective therapeutic approach&#44; associated with significant reductions in overall and cardiovascular mortality&#46; It also improves patients&#8217; quality of life and their functional capacity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the main components of a CR program is aerobic exercise&#44; prescription of which is guided ideally by the heart rate &#40;HR&#41; achieved in cardiopulmonary exercise testing &#40;CPET&#41;&#44; based on parameters including peak oxygen uptake &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; and VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reserve&#46; However&#44; because of the costs and limited availability of this test&#44; conventional stress testing is more often used&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are two common methods for obtaining the target &#40;training&#41; HR&#46; One is based on HR reserve &#40;HRR&#41;&#44; for which the guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> specify a range of 40-80&#37;&#46; This method gives similar results to the gold standard CPET&#46; The other method aims for 50-85&#37; of peak HR&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In some situations it cannot be assumed that HR will have a linear relationship with VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and work rate increase&#44; such as in pacemaker implantation&#44; heart transplantation&#44; chronotropic incompetence or beta-blocker therapy&#46; In such cases an alternative is to use a rating of perceived exertion &#40;RPE&#41;&#44; as provided by the Borg scale&#46; Target HR in this case will be determined by a score of 12-16 &#40;on a scale from 6 to 20&#41; on the Borg scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Target HR has been set by high-intensity interval training &#40;HIIT&#41; in some studies at a level of 80-90&#37; of HRR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The best method of determining target HR has not been clearly established&#44; nor has the optimal progression of exercise intensity in the established range&#46; A careful balance must be achieved between safety and performance&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increases in the intensity of aerobic exercise can be guided by monitoring HR achieved during the sessions and the associated RPE&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span> features a study by Amorim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> of 238 randomly selected patients undergoing a CR program in the cardiac rehabilitation center of Centro Hospitalar de S&#46; Jo&#227;o&#44; Porto&#44; between 2008 and 2016&#44; following an acute coronary syndrome&#46; It aimed to describe the progression of aerobic exercise intensity in these patients&#44; and revealed a significant improvement in functional capacity following the program&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors studied the progression of aerobic exercise intensity by measuring patients&#8217; weekly peak exercise HR on the treadmill and exercise intensity in metabolic equivalents &#40;METs&#41;&#44; using the American College of Sports Medicine formulas based on the speed and grade of the treadmill&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To quantify improvement in functional capacity due to the program&#44; they indexed the peak HR achieved in the sessions and the RPE score to the intensity of exercise &#40;in METs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results were as expected&#44; with significant increases in functional capacity&#44; and greater intensity of exercise with lower perception of effort&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study revealed that the patients trained at the upper end of the recommended range by the peak HR method&#44; but at the lower end of the recommended range by the HRR method &#40;which is more reliable and is closer to measured VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; guided by RPE and peak HR achieved in aerobic sessions during treadmill exercise&#46; This supports the idea that there may be room to increase the intensity of training&#44; such as by raising the RPE score to 14-16&#44; in selected patients&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors conclude that the major changes resulting from exercise occurred during the first month of training&#44; with less visible change in functional capacity thereafter&#44; especially in older patients&#46; This highlights the need for a different approach to these patients&#44; to enable them to achieve better results&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; there is room for further improvement in the benefits provided by a conventionally structured CR program&#44; in particular by introducing more ambitious goals in progression of exercise intensity in some patients and by diversifying the program schemes&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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