array:25 [
  "pii" => "S0870255117302688"
  "issn" => "08702551"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.11.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
  "aid" => "1121"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "rev"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:179-99"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5382
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 166
      "HTML" => 4487
      "PDF" => 729
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2174204918300114"
      "issn" => "21742049"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.11.016"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
      "aid" => "1121"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "rev"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:179-99"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 3514
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 126
          "HTML" => 2796
          "PDF" => 592
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies&#58; The role of sodium channel mutations"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "pt"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "179"
            "paginaFinal" => "199"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "pt" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0020"
            "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 3519
                "Ancho" => 3000
                "Tamanyo" => 641314
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic algorithm for Brugada syndrome&#46; There are three patterns of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the right precordial leads &#40;V1-V3&#41;&#46; Type 1 is considered to be diagnostic&#44; unlike types 2 and 3 &#40;in presence of which provocation tests with SCB must be performed&#41;&#46; Other electrocardiographic abnormalities that may be present in BrS are&#58; prolongation of the PR interval and right branch block&#46; A definitive diagnosis is made in presence of type 1 ST-segment elevation in at least one V1-V3 lead and when one of the clinical criteria presented in the figure is met&#46; AMI&#58; acute myocardial infarction&#59; ANS&#58; autonomic nervous system&#59; C&#47;ARVD&#58; cardiomyopathy&#47;arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia&#59; CCB&#58; calcium channel blockers&#59; CNS&#58; central nervous system&#59; ECG&#58; electrocardiogram&#59; LVH&#58; left ventricular hypertrophy&#59; PTE&#58; pulmonary thromboembolism&#59; RV&#58; right ventricle&#59; RVOT&#58; right ventricular outflow tract&#59; SCB&#58; sodium channel blockers&#59; SSRIs&#58; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors&#59; VF&#58; ventricular fibrillation&#59; VT&#58; ventricular tachycardia&#59; &#946;-blockers&#58; beta blockers&#46; &#42;May unmask genetic susceptibility to BrS&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Extracted and adapted from Berne and Brugada &#40;2012&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Diana Jo&#227;o Fonseca, Manuel Joaquim Vaz da Silva"
            "autores" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Diana Jo&#227;o"
                "apellidos" => "Fonseca"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Manuel Joaquim"
                "apellidos" => "Vaz da Silva"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0870255117302688"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.11.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302688?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918300114?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21742049/0000003700000002/v1_201803200458/S2174204918300114/v1_201803200458/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0870255117309678"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.01.013"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
    "aid" => "1135"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:201&#46;e1-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1575
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 124
        "HTML" => 1049
        "PDF" => 402
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Utilisation of the snare technique for left ventricular lead placement in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "pt"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "201&#46;e1"
          "paginaFinal" => "201&#46;e3"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utiliza&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">snare</span> para implanta&#231;&#227;o de &#233;letrodo ventricular em doente com veia cava superior esquerda persistente"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 999
              "Ancho" => 2000
              "Tamanyo" => 108620
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Left ventricle lead final position&#58; &#40;A&#41; Right anterior oblique view&#59; &#40;B&#41; Left anterior oblique view&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Gustavo Lima da Silva, Jo&#227;o de Sousa, Pedro Marques"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gustavo"
              "apellidos" => "Lima da Silva"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jo&#227;o"
              "apellidos" => "de Sousa"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pedro"
              "apellidos" => "Marques"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117309678?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117309678/v1_201803150415/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0870255117308144"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
    "aid" => "1108"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:175-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4268
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 145
        "HTML" => 3687
        "PDF" => 436
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Coment&#225;rio editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Repercuss&#227;o microvascular retineana e hipertens&#227;o noturna &#8211; alvos terap&#234;uticos a n&#227;o esquecer"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "175"
          "paginaFinal" => "177"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Retinal microvascular damage and nocturnal hypertension&#58; Therapeutic targets to bear in mind"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jos&#233; Braz Nogueira"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Braz Nogueira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2174204918300072"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.01.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918300072?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117308144?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117308144/v1_201803150415/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo de Revis&#227;o</span>"
    "titulo" => "Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "179"
        "paginaFinal" => "199"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Diana Jo&#227;o Fonseca, Manuel Joaquim Vaz da Silva"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Diana Jo&#227;o"
            "apellidos" => "Fonseca"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mimed11120&#64;med&#46;up&#46;pt"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Manuel Joaquim"
            "apellidos" => "Vaz da Silva"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspond&#234;ncia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies&#58; The role of sodium channel mutations"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3493
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 880043
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complexo proteico macromolecular&#44; subunidades &#945; e ciclo de vida dos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> O canal Nav1&#46;5 integra um complexo macromolecular e interatua com diversas prote&#237;nas&#44; entre as quais&#58; subunidades &#946;&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; MOG1&#44; anquirina&#44; sintrofina e citoesqueleto&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> O ciclo de vida do Nav1&#46;5 inicia&#8208;se no n&#250;cleo&#44; onde ocorre a transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A e respetiva regula&#231;&#227;o por fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o &#40;FOXO1&#44; NF&#8208;KB e TBX5&#41;&#46; Contudo&#44; os microRNAs tamb&#233;m regulam os n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; No ret&#237;culo endoplasm&#225;tico ocorre a tradu&#231;&#227;o proteica e&#44; ap&#243;s ocorrer <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">folding</span> apropriado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">assembly</span> de prote&#237;nas&#44; essas s&#227;o transportadas para a membrana celular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span>&#41;&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es ou variantes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> podem levar &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o de uma prote&#237;na Nav1&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">misfolded</span> e pode ser ativada a via PERK com vista ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">down regulation</span> dos seus n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; A PKA&#44; PKC&#44; o stresse oxidativo &#40;ERO&#41; e os estados metab&#243;licos &#40;NADH e NAD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41; podem modular o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span> do canal&#46; O NEDD4 regula a degrada&#231;&#227;o mediada pela ubiquitina&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAV3&#58; caveolina&#8208;3&#59; ERO&#58; esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#233;nio&#59; FOXO1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forkhead box protein O1</span>&#59; MOG1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span>&#59; NaChIP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8208;channel&#8208;interacting protein</span>&#59; NEDD4&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E3 ubiquitin&#8208;protein ligase NEDD4</span>&#59; NF&#8208;&#954;B&#58; factor nuclear NF&#8208;&#954;B&#59; PERK&#58; factor de inicia&#231;&#227;o da tradu&#231;&#227;o eucari&#243;tica 2&#945;&#8208;cinase 3&#59; PKA&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase dependente de AMPc &#40;prote&#237;na c&#237;nase A&#41;&#59; PKC&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase C&#59; TBX5&#58; fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o T&#8208;box TBX5&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As canalopatias card&#237;acas constituem um grupo heterog&#233;neo de doen&#231;as card&#237;acas heredit&#225;rias causadas por muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes que codificam os canais i&#243;nicos expressos no cora&#231;&#227;o &#40;envolvidos nas correntes de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#41;&#44; K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>&#41; e Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>&#41;&#41; e&#47;ou as prote&#237;nas que regulam a sua fun&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; Essas muta&#231;&#245;es originam diferentes fen&#243;tipos de acordo com as altera&#231;&#245;es incitadas nas correntes de s&#243;dio e outros i&#245;es&#44; conferem maior suscetibilidade para ocorr&#234;ncia de s&#237;ncope&#44; convuls&#245;es e arritmias&#44; embora&#44; na maioria das vezes&#44; n&#227;o existam defeitos card&#237;acos estruturais subjacentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Tal evidencia a import&#226;ncia dos canais i&#243;nicos&#44; nomeadamente dos canais de s&#243;dio &#40;CNa&#41;&#44; na g&#233;nese e propaga&#231;&#227;o do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o &#40;PA&#41; e&#44; consequentemente&#44; na excitabilidade card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;5&#8211;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As arritmias desencadeadas s&#227;o potencialmente fatais e a morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca &#40;MSC&#41; constitui&#44; frequentemente&#44; a primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o dessas doen&#231;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8</span></a>&#46; A morte s&#250;bita &#40;MS&#41; &#233; uma das causas mais comuns de morte por patologia cardiovascular e&#44; na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta ocidental&#44; as canalopatias card&#237;acas &#40;1&#8208;2&#37;&#41; s&#227;o uma das patologias predisponentes mais frequentemente diagnosticadas&#44; a par das cardiomiopatias &#40;10&#8208;15&#37;&#41; e da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria &#40;75&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Na verdade&#44; alguns estudos mostram que as canalopatias card&#237;acas s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 1&#47;3 dos casos de MS em jovens com aut&#243;psia negativa e por at&#233; 50&#37; dos casos de MSC arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais arritmias heredit&#225;rias causadas por disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais i&#243;nicos s&#227;o a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada &#40;SBr&#41;&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT longo &#40;SQTL&#41;&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT curto &#40;SQTC&#41; e a taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica &#40;TVPC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; a sua preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral &#233; dif&#237;cil de estimar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;13&#8211;15</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m das patologias supracitadas&#44; a s&#237;ndrome de pr&#233;&#8208;excita&#231;&#227;o&#44; a fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular idiop&#225;tica e casos raros de cardiomiopatias familiares tamb&#233;m se associam a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais i&#243;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nas &#250;ltimas duas d&#233;cadas&#44; o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos gen&#233;ticos e moleculares subjacentes &#224;s arritmias &#40;mormente as de cariz heredit&#225;rio &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#41;&#44; foi vastamente alargado e diversas muta&#231;&#245;es e&#47;ou variantes gen&#233;ticas t&#234;m sido descritas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de v&#225;rias muta&#231;&#245;es em diversos canais i&#243;nicos afetarem as correntes el&#233;tricas card&#237;acas&#44; nesta revis&#227;o bibliogr&#225;fica aborda&#8208;se apenas o que concerne &#224;s correntes de s&#243;dio&#44; designadamente&#58; a estrutura dos CNa e o seu papel na excitabilidade card&#237;aca&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es no complexo dos CNa&#44; os fen&#243;tipos associados e as implica&#231;&#245;es da rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gen&#233;tica e a cl&#237;nica no n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; o progn&#243;stico e a terap&#234;utica&#44; fundamentalmente da SQTL e da SBr&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi feita uma revis&#227;o narrativa da literatura acerca do tema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio</span>&#46; Para efetuar a pesquisa dos artigos publicados ne&#225;rea&#44; foi usada a base de dados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span> Pubmed&#174; e recorreu&#8208;se &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MeSH Database</span> para selecionar os termos MeSH e definir a seguinte <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">query</span>&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com a aplica&#231;&#227;o dos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o preestabelecidos&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos apenas artigos publicados nos &#250;ltimos 15 anos&#44; escritos em ingl&#234;s ou portugu&#234;s e referentes &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o em humanos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; foi tido em conta o factor de impacto&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclu&#237;ram&#8208;se ainda outras refer&#234;ncias bibliogr&#225;ficas&#44; algumas das quais com data de publica&#231;&#227;o anterior a 2002&#44; com vistas a aprofundar conte&#250;dos relevantes citados nos artigos inicialmente pesquisados&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os canais de s&#243;dio &#40;CNa&#41; s&#227;o prote&#237;nas transmembranares compostas por uma subunidade &#945; em conjunto com uma ou duas subunidades &#946; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Existem v&#225;rios tipos de subunidades &#945;&#44; diferentemente expressas consoante o tipo de tecido e codificadas por uma fam&#237;lia de 10 genes distintos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&#46; A principal subunidade &#945; expressa no cora&#231;&#227;o denomina&#8208;se Nav1&#46;5 &#40;tal como o canal de s&#243;dio em que se integra&#41; e &#233; codificada pelo gene SCN5A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sodium channel&#44; voltage gated&#44; type</span> V <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">alpha subunit&#41;</span>&#44; esse &#250;ltimo constitu&#237;do por 28 ex&#245;es e que abrange mais de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb no cromossoma 3p22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A regula&#231;&#227;o da transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A &#233; influenciada por v&#225;rios fatores&#44; entre eles&#58; exist&#234;ncia de tr&#234;s promotores&#44; fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o e microRNAs com a&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s&#8208;transcri&#231;&#227;o&#46; J&#225; foram descritas mais de 10 isoformas resultantes do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> desse gene&#44; a isoforma mais abundante no cora&#231;&#227;o humano &#233; a SCN5A&#8208;003 &#40;isoforma do adulto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A subunidade &#945; tem 227 kDa e consiste numa prote&#237;na&#160;transmembranar&#160;com quatro dom&#237;nios hom&#243;logos &#40;DI&#8208;DIV&#41; conetados por ansas citoplasm&#225;ticas&#44; cada um dos quais com seis segmentos transmembranares em &#945;&#8208;h&#233;lice &#40;S1&#8208;6&#41; conetados por ansas intra e extracelulares&#46; Apresenta ainda um terminal C &#40;carboxilo&#41; e um terminal N &#40;amino&#41;&#44; ambos citoplasm&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O poro central &#233; formado pelos quatro segmentos S5 e S6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da subunidade &#945;&#44; nomeadamente&#44; pelas ansas extracelulares que os conectam<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Apresenta permeabilidade seletiva para o s&#243;dio&#44; que se desloca atrav&#233;s desse de acordo com o gradiente eletroqu&#237;mico&#46; Os segmentos S1 a S4 funcionam como sensores de voltagem&#46; Contudo&#44; o &#250;ltimo apresenta a particularidade de ter carga positiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;18&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#192; semelhan&#231;a dos restantes canais dependentes de voltagem&#44; os CNa exibem altera&#231;&#245;es da sua conforma&#231;&#227;o&#44; um processo denominado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> e que permite definir os tr&#234;s estados funcionais do canal &#40;aberto&#44; inativo ou fechado&#41;&#44; de acordo com o potencial de membrana&#46; Essas altera&#231;&#245;es ocorrem na subunidade &#945;&#44; principal respons&#225;vel pela regula&#231;&#227;o da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana das c&#233;lulas excit&#225;veis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As subunidades &#946; s&#227;o prote&#237;nas de aproximadamente 30&#8208;40 kDa&#44; com um &#250;nico segmento transmembranar&#44; um terminal C intracelular e um terminal N extracelular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Essas subunidades associam&#8208;se &#224; subunidade &#945; do CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; e&#44; assim&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; modulam a sua express&#227;o na superf&#237;cie celular e o processo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> como tamb&#233;m permitem a liga&#231;&#227;o ao citoesqueleto e a outras prote&#237;nas de intera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Efetivamente&#44; as subunidades &#946; s&#227;o capazes de aumentar o tr&#225;fego dos canais para a membrana&#44; com consequente aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existem quatro tipos de subunidades &#946; &#40;&#946;1&#44; &#946;2&#44; &#946;3 e &#946;4&#41;&#44; codificadas pelos genes SCN1B&#44; SCN2B&#44; SCN3B e SCN4B&#44; respetivamente&#46; Essas associam&#8208;se preferencialmente a diferentes subunidades &#945;&#44; consoante o tipo de tecido no qual se expressam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;20&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para al&#233;m das subunidades &#946;&#44; existem outras prote&#237;nas com capacidade para interferir e modular a fun&#231;&#227;o do Nav1&#46;5 &#40;anquirina&#8208;G&#44; calmodulina&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; sintrofina &#945;1&#44; placofilina&#8208;2&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span> &#40;MOG1&#41;&#44; desidrog&#233;nase do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato 1&#8208;like &#40;GPD1L&#41;&#44; factor hom&#243;logo 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fibroblast Growth Factor &#40;FHFGF&#8208;1B&#41;</span>&#44; l&#237;gases da ubiquitina Nedd4&#8208;like&#44; entre outras&#41; que integram um complexo macromolecular &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;18&#44;20&#44;21&#44;24&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">O papel dos canais de s&#243;dio na excitabilidade card&#237;aca</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O potencial de a&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aco &#233; gerado por correntes i&#243;nicas despolarizantes &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>&#41; e repolarizantes &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Os CNa t&#234;m um papel determinante na inicia&#231;&#227;o do PA atrav&#233;s da g&#233;nese da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; s&#227;o expressos na membrana dos cardiomi&#243;citos auriculares e ventriculares e no tecido de condu&#231;&#227;o especializada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;23</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; embora a sua express&#227;o seja abundante no feixe de His&#44; nos seus ramos e nas fibras de Purkinje&#44; a sua express&#227;o &#233; baixa ou ausente nos n&#243;s sinusal e auriculoventricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No mioc&#225;rdio ventricular&#44; durante a di&#225;stole&#44; o potencial el&#233;trico transmembranar &#40;de repouso&#41; &#233; aproximadamente &#8208;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV e os CNa encontram&#8208;se fechados&#46; Quando um est&#237;mulo despolariza a membrana&#44; os segmentos S4 dos quatro dom&#237;nios movimentam&#8208;se simultaneamente para o exterior&#44; o canal abre e h&#225; passagem de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> para o meio intracelular de acordo com o gradiente eletroqu&#237;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; gera&#8208;se a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; principal respons&#225;vel pela fase de despolariza&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida do PA &#40;fase 0&#41;&#44; que aumenta rapidamente at&#233; atingir o seu pico &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>&#41; e diminui milissegundos depois<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; a ansa entre os dom&#237;nios III e IV &#40;porta de inativa&#231;&#227;o&#41; funciona como &#171;tampa&#187; e os canais fecham gradualmente em cerca de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que os CNa sofrem v&#225;rias altera&#231;&#245;es conformacionais que se traduzem em diferentes estados de inativa&#231;&#227;o &#40;inativa&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida&#44; interm&#233;dia e lenta&#41;&#44; que&#44; por sua vez&#44; t&#234;m diferentes tempos de recupera&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; no fim da fase 0 a maioria &#40;&#8776;99&#37;&#41; dos CNa est&#225; inativada&#44; o que impede a passagem de i&#245;es&#46; Assim permanecem at&#233; &#224; repolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana celular&#44; momento em que se recuperam da inativa&#231;&#227;o e ficam novamente dispon&#237;veis para ser ativados durante a fase 4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; durante a fase 2 do PA&#44; uma pequena fra&#231;&#227;o dos CNa &#40;&#60; 1&#37; do total de CNa dispon&#237;veis&#41; pode manter condutibilidade para o Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> e reabrir&#44; persistindo uma pequena I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> denominada <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">late current</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; alguns canais podem reativar durante a fase de repolariza&#231;&#227;o &#40;fase 3&#41;&#44; quando a inativa&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o est&#225; completa mas o PA permite a sua reativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que gera uma corrente denominada <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">window current</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Essa &#250;ltima corresponde a menos de 1&#37; do pico da corrente de s&#243;dio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; A essas duas correntes tem sido atribu&#237;do um papel importante na arritmog&#233;nese ventricular presente em certas patologias card&#237;acas&#44; algumas delas abordadas nesta revis&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;22&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em condi&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas&#44; os processos de ativa&#231;&#227;o e inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa s&#227;o estritamente regulados de forma a assegurar a normal atividade el&#233;trica card&#237;aca&#46; As anomalias dos CNa provocam altera&#231;&#245;es importantes na eletrofisiologia card&#237;aca&#44; potenciam a arritmog&#233;nese e podem resultar de altera&#231;&#245;es das propriedades de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> ou da cin&#233;tica da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46; Essas altera&#231;&#245;es modificam a disponibilidade dos canais e a amplitude da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> ou impedem a inativa&#231;&#227;o adequada dos canais&#44; com manuten&#231;&#227;o de uma I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> persistente durante o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">plateau</span> do PA&#46; Assim&#44; a import&#226;ncia dos CNa na excitabilidade card&#237;aca &#233; enfatizada pela ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias potencialmente fatais &#40;por exemplo&#58; taquicardia ventricular e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#41; na presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o de causa heredit&#225;ria ou adquirida desses canais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;21&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#945;</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; o conhecimento acerca da fun&#231;&#227;o do gene SNC5A no n&#237;vel molecular e eletrofisiol&#243;gico foi amplamente alargado e v&#225;rios estudos gen&#233;ticos mostram que muta&#231;&#245;es nesse gene est&#227;o associadas a v&#225;rias doen&#231;as card&#237;acas&#44; nomeadamente arritmias card&#237;acas heredit&#225;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;16&#44;18&#44;21&#44;22&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Na sua maioria&#44; as patologias associadas a muta&#231;&#245;es nos CNa s&#227;o causadas por muta&#231;&#245;es que alteram a permeabilidade do canal ou o processo de gating<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A que levam &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o do CNa Nav1&#46;5 podem ser de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; perda de fun&#231;&#227;o ou ambas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es de perda de fun&#231;&#227;o resultam na diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e associam&#8208;se a SBr&#44; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal &#40;DNS&#41;&#44; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a de Lev&#8208;Len&#233;gre e cardiomiopatia dilatada &#40;CMD&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46; O mecanismo mais frequentemente envolvido &#233; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o resultam num aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e associam&#8208;se a SQTL3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;&#46; Existem tamb&#233;m algumas muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o associadas &#224; FA e &#224; CMD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46; O mecanismo mais frequentemente implicado consiste no aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;23</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; existem outros mecanismos&#44; tais como&#58; aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>&#44; diminui&#231;&#227;o da taxa de inativa&#231;&#227;o ou aumento da corrente de janela &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raramente&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es podem originar simultaneamente redu&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> e aumento de I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> e cursam&#44; assim&#44; com perda e ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; respetivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas subunidades &#946;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;1 foram identificadas em pacientes com SBr&#44; FA e doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o &#40;DCC&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Pensa&#8208;se que o mecanismo envolvido nesses fen&#243;tipos curse com diminui&#231;&#227;o da densidade da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> &#40;perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; dado o n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes portadores dessas muta&#231;&#245;es&#44; n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel esclarecer cabalmente o mecanismo envolvido ou a rela&#231;&#227;o gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;23&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia das variantes potencialmente patog&#233;nicas dos genes das subunidades &#946; &#233; semelhante &#224; de outros genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">minor</span> envolvidos na SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; apesar de nos &#250;ltimos anos o conhecimento dos mecanismos subjacentes &#224; SBr incidir sobretudo no gene SCN5A&#44; o rastreio das quatro subunidades &#946; pode conduzir a um aumento potencial do diagn&#243;stico gen&#233;tico dessa s&#237;ndrome at&#233; aproximadamente 5&#44;4&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;1 e &#946;2 est&#227;o associadas &#224; FA e o mecanismo &#233; a altera&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> e a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;31</span></a>&#46; Em 2011&#44; Olesen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> descreveram muta&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; FA tamb&#233;m na subunidade &#946;3&#46; Essas muta&#231;&#245;es reduzem a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; aumentam a suscetibilidade para FA atrav&#233;s de um de dois mecanismos&#58; atraso da condu&#231;&#227;o ou diminui&#231;&#227;o do per&#237;odo de refratariedade &#40;promove a possibilidade de circuitos de reentrada&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es no SCN3B tamb&#233;m se associam &#224; SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;4 j&#225; foram descritas na SQTL10&#44; atribuem ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o e o mecanismo mais prov&#225;vel consiste no aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;25&#44;30&#44;33</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas associadas aos canais de s&#243;dio</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os CNa integram&#8208;se num complexo macromolecular ao qual pertencem v&#225;rias prote&#237;nas que participam na ades&#227;o celular&#44; vias da transdu&#231;&#227;o de sinal e citoesqueleto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;11</span></a>&#46; Essas &#250;ltimas encontram&#8208;se ligadas ao CNa direta ou indiretamente e apresentam capacidade para modular a sua express&#227;o&#44; tr&#225;fego e fun&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;19&#44;23</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a disfun&#231;&#227;o dessas prote&#237;nas contribui para a fisiopatologia das canalopatias card&#237;acas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22&#44;23&#44;28</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Muta&#231;&#245;es em v&#225;rias dessas prote&#237;nas associam&#8208;se a SQTL ou SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;22&#44;34&#8211;36</span></a>&#46; A caveolina&#8208;3 &#40;CAV3&#41; &#233; uma prote&#237;na importante no tr&#225;fego de membrana e posicionamento dos canais i&#243;nicos na membrana sarcoplasm&#225;tica&#44; que regula v&#225;rias correntes i&#243;nicas no cora&#231;&#227;o como a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46; A sintrofina &#945;1 &#40;SNTA1&#41; &#233; uma prote&#237;na do citoesqueleto que interage com o CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; As muta&#231;&#245;es com ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o descritas na CAV3 associam&#8208;se a SQTL9&#44; enquanto aquelas descritas na SNTA1 se associam a um fen&#243;tipo semelhante ao da SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;15&#44;22&#44;28&#44;37</span></a>&#46; J&#225; as muta&#231;&#245;es na anquirina&#8208;B&#44; cuja fun&#231;&#227;o &#233; a liga&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;nas de membrana &#224;s estruturas do citoesqueleto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#44; associam&#8208;se a SQTL4&#44; FA&#44; entre outros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene GPD1L&#44; que codifica a desidrogenase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#8208;like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fostato&#44; ou no gene MOG1&#44; que codifica uma mol&#233;cula que afeta o tr&#225;fego de prote&#237;nas&#44; j&#225; foram descritas na SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;15&#44;23&#44;25</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; muta&#231;&#245;es na placofilina&#8208;2&#44; uma prote&#237;na do desmossoma&#44; podem dar origem &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e&#44; assim&#44; a um fen&#243;tipo similar ao do SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;38&#44;39</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas interatuantes</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabela 4</a> descrevem&#8208;se os diversos fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados a muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes que codificam os CNa e as prote&#237;nas que integram o seu complexo macromolecular&#46; As canalopatias card&#237;acas mais prevalentes s&#227;o a SQTL &#40;1&#58;2500&#41; e a SBr &#40;1&#58;3&#46;300 a 1&#58;10&#46;000&#41; e associam&#8208;se&#44; em parte&#44; &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; seguidamente ser&#227;o abordadas apenas essas duas entidades&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">S&#237;ndrome de Brugada</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome de Brugada &#40;SBr&#41; foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1992 como uma s&#237;ndrome pautada por um padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico t&#237;pico&#44; aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais e hist&#243;ria familiar de morte s&#250;bita&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; progressos foram feitos na compreens&#227;o da sua fisiopatologia e na identifica&#231;&#227;o da sua base gen&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;40&#44;41</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SBr &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome rara&#44; heredit&#225;ria&#44; com uma preval&#234;ncia estimada de 1&#47;3&#46;300 a 1&#47;10&#46; 000&#44; para a qual j&#225; foram descritas diferen&#231;as &#233;tnicas e geogr&#225;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;14&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Afeta adultos relativamente jovens &#40;&#60; 40 anos&#41;&#44; mais frequentemente do sexo masculino&#44; com hist&#243;ria familiar de morte s&#250;bita em 20&#8208;50&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;43&#44;44</span></a>&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; estima&#8208;se que a SBr seja respons&#225;vel por pelo menos 4&#37; de todos os casos de morte s&#250;bita e pelo menos 20&#37; dos casos de morte s&#250;bita em indiv&#237;duos sem altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas estruturais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;45</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais era&#44; classicamente&#44; uma caracter&#237;stica da SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; anomalias estruturais ligeiras nos ventr&#237;culos direito e esquerdo t&#234;m sido descritas em v&#225;rios estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica &#233; muito vari&#225;vel&#46; A maioria dos indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se assintom&#225;tica quando do diagn&#243;stico e esse &#250;ltimo &#233; feito na sequ&#234;ncia de um ECG de rotina em 58&#37; dos casos ou ainda na sequ&#234;ncia de rastreio familiar em 37&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; a MSC pode ser a primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; uma vez que aqueles indiv&#237;duos apresentam risco aumentado para desenvolver taquiarritmias&#44; nomeadamente taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica &#40;TVP&#41; e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;FV&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;47</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estima&#8208;se que a taxa de eventos arr&#237;tmicos por ano em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos seja de cerca de 0&#44;5&#37;&#44; ocorrendo mais frequentemente em repouso e durante o sono&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na presen&#231;a de febre ou ap&#243;s refei&#231;&#245;es abundantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;44&#44;48</span></a>&#46; De facto&#44; a febre &#233; um dos fatores que podem provocar ou exacerbar o padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico da SBr e despoleta arritmias potencialmente fatais em 27&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;49</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico faz&#8208;se atrav&#233;s de crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; presen&#231;a de padr&#227;o t&#237;pico de altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e exclus&#227;o de outras etiologias que podem mimetizar a SBr&#44; nomeadamente por desencadear eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figura 4</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;50&#44;51</span></a>&#46; Testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o com f&#225;rmacos bloqueadores dos CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Tabela 5</a>&#41; podem ser feitos para provocar as altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas da SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figura 5</a>&#41;&#44; o que possibilita o diagn&#243;stico naqueles indiv&#237;duos com padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico transit&#243;rio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;41&#44;45&#44;52</span></a>&#46; Nesses casos&#44; pode ser tamb&#233;m usado o Holter&#44; que&#44; atrav&#233;s de uma monitora&#231;&#227;o prolongada&#44; pode permitir fazer o diagn&#243;stico de altera&#231;&#245;es intermitentes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes gen&#233;ticos &#40;abrangentes ou espec&#237;ficos para o gene SCN5A&#41; podem ser &#250;teis para o diagn&#243;stico em qualquer paciente alvo de forte suspeita cl&#237;nica de SBr&#44; de acordo com a hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica e familiar e o ECG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que&#44; ap&#243;s a identifica&#231;&#227;o de uma muta&#231;&#227;o patog&#233;nica num <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caso &#237;ndex</span> de SBr&#44; est&#225; indicado um rastreio gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico nos parentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SBr apresenta uma elevada complexidade gen&#233;tica e existem v&#225;rios genes que podem estar mutados nessa s&#237;ndrome&#44; embora apenas alguns se associem a altera&#231;&#245;es das I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Tabela 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;54&#44;55</span></a>&#46; At&#233; a data foram j&#225; descritas mais de 300 muta&#231;&#245;es que reduzem a amplitude da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> atrav&#233;s de mecanismos diversos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;43&#44;54&#44;56</span></a>&#46; As muta&#231;&#245;es ocorrem mais frequentemente no gene SCN5A&#44; localizam&#8208;se preferencialmente nos segmentos transmembranares S1&#8208;S4 e nos segmentos envolvidos na forma&#231;&#227;o do poro &#40;S5&#8208;S6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;55</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; apenas uma minoria &#40;10&#8208;30&#37;&#41; da totalidade de indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr apresenta positividade para uma muta&#231;&#227;o nesse gene<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;43&#44;56&#8211;58</span></a>&#46; Outros genes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Tabela 6</a>&#41; est&#227;o envolvidos em menos de 5&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efetivamente&#44; apenas 30&#8208;35&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico apresentam tamb&#233;m diagn&#243;stico gen&#233;tico &#40;gen&#243;tipo positivo&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a maioria dos indiv&#237;duos afetados &#40;aproximadamente 65&#37;&#41; permanece geneticamente indeterminada &#40;gen&#243;tipo negativo&#41; e&#44; por esse motivo&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio identificar novos genes de susceptibilidade para SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;56&#44;59</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; o gene SCN10A foi identificado como gene de suscetibilidade para SBr embora a sua verdadeira preval&#234;ncia permane&#231;a por esclarecer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;60</span></a>&#46; O n&#237;vel de express&#227;o e a fun&#231;&#227;o do CNa Nav1&#46;8 no cora&#231;&#227;o permanecem controversos&#46; Contudo&#44; um estudo publicado em 2014 mostra que as variantes desse gene influenciam a dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo PR e QRS&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;FC&#41; e&#44; ainda&#44; o risco de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#225; foram descritas algumas formas recessivas com muta&#231;&#245;es homozig&#243;ticas ou heterozig&#243;ticas compostas&#44; por&#233;m a maioria das muta&#231;&#245;es patog&#233;nicas conhecidas no gene SCN5A apresenta um padr&#227;o de transmiss&#227;o autoss&#243;mico dominante com penetr&#226;ncia vari&#225;vel&#44; frequentemente incompleta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;43&#44;45</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mecanismo mais frequentemente implicado &#233; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> por muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A &#40;perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41; e consequente lentifica&#231;&#227;o da condu&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;60&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; existem diversas hip&#243;teses para os mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos da SBr que envolvem tanto altera&#231;&#245;es da despolariza&#231;&#227;o como da repolariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; essas &#250;ltimas n&#227;o abordadas neste trabalho<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;51&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; o gen&#243;tipo dos indiv&#237;duos com SBr n&#227;o apresenta implica&#231;&#245;es relevantes para o progn&#243;stico ou a terap&#234;utica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">Tabela 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; a sua influ&#234;ncia no risco de arritmias e progn&#243;stico permanece em debate<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; Na verdade&#44; os dados gen&#233;ticos podem constituir uma ferramenta complementar para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nonsense</span>&#44; que originam prote&#237;nas truncadas&#44; t&#234;m sido associadas a pior progn&#243;stico comparativamente a outros tipos de muta&#231;&#245;es com repercuss&#245;es menos marcadas na fun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;43&#44;59&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Um estudo retrospetivo publicado em 2009 mostra que o fen&#243;tipo &#233; mais grave em indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o mais significativa da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> comparativamente a indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es associadas a menor redu&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; O mesmo se verifica quando a muta&#231;&#227;o se localiza numa regi&#227;o transmembranar do CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; Outro estudo publicado em 2013 mostra que diferentes muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A t&#234;m um impacto distinto na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; o que refor&#231;a o papel da caracteriza&#231;&#227;o das muta&#231;&#245;es na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco em parentes n&#227;o afetados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; permanece pouco claro o grau em que diferentes muta&#231;&#245;es conferem risco de eventos arr&#237;tmicos ou MSC e&#44; atualmente&#44; a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco faz&#8208;se somente com par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#250;nico tratamento dispon&#237;vel que provou prevenir a MSC em pacientes com SBr foi a implanta&#231;&#227;o de um cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel &#40;CDI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;9&#44;44&#44;46</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; esse procedimento acarreta um risco consider&#225;vel de complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; que ocorrem em 9&#37; pacientes&#47;ano e que&#44; embora raramente amea&#231;adoras da vida&#44; s&#227;o psicologicamente delet&#233;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;54</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa dos riscos &#40;nomeadamente do risco de arritmias&#41; e benef&#237;cios &#233; um processo chave nessa decis&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo de 2003 em que foram inclu&#237;dos 547 indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr&#44; portadores de padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico diagn&#243;stico e sem MSC &#171;abortada&#187; pr&#233;via&#44; foi feito com vista &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o do valor progn&#243;stico das vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas&#44; eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e eletrofisiol&#243;gicas&#46; Os autores verificaram que o grupo de menor risco &#40;incid&#234;ncia de eventos&#58; 0&#44;5&#37;&#41; se caracteriza pela aus&#234;ncia de epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope&#44; padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico apenas despoletado por f&#225;rmacos antiarr&#237;tmicos e aus&#234;ncia de arritmias durante a estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular programada &#40;EVP&#41;&#46; J&#225; o grupo de maior risco &#40;incid&#234;ncia de eventos&#58; 27&#44;2&#37;&#41; caracteriza&#8208;se por hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope&#44; ECG espontaneamente anormal e presen&#231;a de arritmias induzidas por EVP&#44; sendo que indiv&#237;duos que apresentam indutibilidade de arritmias na EVP t&#234;m um risco seis vezes superior de MSC ou FV durante os dois anos subsequentes&#44; relativamente aos que n&#227;o apresentam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora alguns sejam controversos&#44; os fatores de risco para eventos arr&#237;tmicos s&#227;o v&#225;rios e entre esses os sintomas s&#227;o uns dos mais importantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;46&#44;54&#44;64</span></a>&#46; Com efeito&#44; os indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio de MSC &#171;abortada&#187; apresentam o risco mais elevado e em 60&#37; desses ocorre um novo evento 10 anos ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos com epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope t&#234;m uma taxa de eventos arr&#237;tmicos de 1&#44;9&#37;&#47;ano e a presen&#231;a simult&#226;nea de padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico tipo 1 est&#225; associada a mau progn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;54</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; existem outros par&#226;metros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos que se associam a pior progn&#243;stico&#44; como&#44; por exemplo&#44; a presen&#231;a de fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QRS no ECG&#44; identificada em 30&#8208;40&#37; dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">S&#237;ndrome de QT longo</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL cong&#233;nita &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome arritmog&#233;nica de origem gen&#233;tica&#47;heredit&#225;ria&#44; com penetr&#226;ncia incompleta&#44; cuja preval&#234;ncia nos indiv&#237;duos brancos &#233; de 1&#58;2500&#44; um valor muito superior ao anteriormente expect&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;65</span></a>&#46; Representa um grupo heterog&#233;neo de doen&#231;as e&#44; classicamente&#44; &#233; dividida em duas variantes&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Romano&#8208;Ward e s&#237;ndrome de Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">Tabela 8</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;65</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em 1995 e 1996&#44; identificaram&#8208;se os tr&#234;s principais genes que conferem suscetibilidade para SQTL&#58; KCNQ1&#44; KCNH2 e SCN5A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66&#8211;68</span></a>&#46; Esses genes constituem 75&#37; dos casos de SQTL clinicamente definida e os restantes representam&#44; coletivamente&#44; apenas 5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;69</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que a SQTL se associa a altera&#231;&#245;es das correntes de s&#243;dio unicamente nos tipos 3&#44; 9&#44; 10 e 12<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL caracteriza&#8208;se pelo atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; que se traduz eletrocardiograficamente em prolongamento do intervalo QT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;65</span></a>&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT &#233; dependente da inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; cuja altera&#231;&#227;o pode despoletar a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A associadas &#224; SQTL3 &#40;ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41; geralmente afetam a inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; que fica lentificada&#44; inst&#225;vel ou incompleta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Consequentemente&#44; h&#225; um aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> com prolongamento da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana e atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;26&#44;65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Outros mecanismos possivelmente implicados s&#227;o&#58; aumento da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">window current</span>&#44; lentifica&#231;&#227;o da inativa&#231;&#227;o e aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A primeira muta&#231;&#227;o associada &#224; SQTL3 encontra&#8208;se na ansa entre os dom&#237;nios III e IV&#44; correspondente &#224; porta de inativa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; m&#250;ltiplas muta&#231;&#245;es que provocam altera&#231;&#245;es da inativa&#231;&#227;o foram j&#225; identificadas e funcionalmente caracterizadas&#44; localizando&#8208;se em variados locais da estrutura do CNa&#44; nomeadamente no terminal C&#44; ao qual tem sido atribu&#237;da uma fun&#231;&#227;o relevante nesse processo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL cong&#233;nita ocorre sobretudo em indiv&#237;duos jovens&#44; saud&#225;veis&#44; sem altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais card&#237;acas concomitantes e associa&#8208;se a um aumento do risco de s&#237;ncope e arritmias card&#237;acas potencialmente fatais como a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Torsade de Pointes</span> &#40;TdP&#41;&#44; que degenera em FV e causa paragem card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;66</span></a>&#46; Na SQTL3 &#40;diferentemente da SQTL1 e SQTL2 &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;&#44; as arritmias ocorrem usualmente em repouso&#44; particularmente durante o sono &#40;frequ&#234;ncias card&#237;acas baixas&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22&#44;43&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> &#233; maior em frequ&#234;ncias de est&#237;mulo mais lentas&#44; o que sugere que o grau dessa corrente pode ser um determinante forte para a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O primeiro evento card&#237;aco &#40;mais frequentemente s&#237;ncope&#41; ocorre usualmente em adolescentes &#40;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 anos na SQTL3&#41; e mais precocemente no sexo masculino&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;71</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; em 5&#8208;10&#37; dos casos a MSC &#233; o evento inicial da doen&#231;a e&#44; efetivamente&#44; a SQTL &#233; uma das principais causas de MSC com aut&#243;psia negativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;72</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico baseia&#8208;se sobretudo na hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica e ECG &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0030">Figuras 6 e 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; No ECG&#44; o par&#226;metro mais relevante &#233; o intervalo QT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0045">Tabela 9</a>&#41;&#44; medido desde o in&#237;cio do complexo QRS at&#233; o fim da onda T nas deriva&#231;&#245;es DII e V5 ou V6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65&#44;73</span></a>&#46; Usa&#8208;se o valor mais longo&#44; geralmente corrigido para a FC &#40;QTc&#41; atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula de Bazett &#40;apesar das suas limita&#231;&#245;es para FC particularmente r&#225;pidas ou lentas&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;46&#44;65&#44;73</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0045"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adicionalmente&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio excluir a presen&#231;a de causas secund&#225;rias de prolongamento do intervalo QT &#40;SQTL adquirida&#41;&#44; como&#44; por exemplo&#44; f&#225;rmacos&#44; isquemia do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; cardiomiopatia&#44; hipocalemia&#44; hipomagnesemia&#44; hipotermia&#44; entre outras<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;65</span></a>&#46; Uma vez exclu&#237;das&#44; a presen&#231;a num ECG de repeti&#231;&#227;o de um valor de QTc &#8805;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms &#40;ou entre 480&#8208;499<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms se feito ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio de s&#237;ncope inexplicada&#41; &#233; considerada diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; as SQTL tipos 1&#44; 2 e 3 podem cursar com QTc normal no ECG em repouso em 36&#37;&#44; 19&#37; e 10&#37; dos casos&#44; respetivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi criado um sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o para diagn&#243;stico que tem em conta v&#225;rios par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos e eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e fornece uma probabilidade de SQTL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a monitora&#231;&#227;o com Holter e o ECG obtido durante a prova de esfor&#231;o ou ap&#243;s infus&#227;o de adrenalina podem ser &#250;teis em alguns casos particulares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;46&#44;53&#44;65&#44;69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma vez feito o diagn&#243;stico ou mediante a ocorr&#234;ncia de morte s&#250;bita inexplicada num indiv&#237;duo jovem&#44; os parentes de primeiro grau devem ser rastreados para SQTL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;65&#44;72</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; nos parentes com ECG normal n&#227;o pode ser exclu&#237;da SQTL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; ap&#243;s a identifica&#231;&#227;o de uma muta&#231;&#227;o patog&#233;nica num <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caso &#237;ndex</span>&#44; recomenda&#8208;se que os parentes fa&#231;am um teste gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico para a muta&#231;&#227;o em causa&#44; com vista a identificar indiv&#237;duos portadores com intervalo QT normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;53</span></a>&#46; Tal &#233; importante devido ao risco de arritmias&#44; que se estima ocorrerem em 10&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos portadores assintom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; recomendam&#8208;se testes gen&#233;ticos para SQTL &#40;abrangentes ou espec&#237;ficos para os tr&#234;s principais genes&#41; em qualquer paciente alvo de forte suspeita cl&#237;nica de SQTL &#40;baseada na hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica&#44; familiar e eletrocardiograma&#41; ou&#44; em qualquer paciente assintom&#225;tico com prolongamento do intervalo QT&#44; na aus&#234;ncia de outras condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que possam prolongar esse intervalo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; os testes gen&#233;ticos apresentam um papel relevante n&#227;o s&#243; no diagn&#243;stico da SQTL &#40;nomeadamente&#44; de portadores assintom&#225;ticos&#41; e na exclus&#227;o de doen&#231;a nos parentes de primeiro grau&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; progn&#243;stico e tratamento &#40;de acordo com o gen&#243;tipo &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;69&#44;70&#44;72</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco tem em conta o fen&#243;tipo e o gen&#243;tipo e faz&#8208;se em todos os doentes&#44; com avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas peri&#243;dicas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; O risco difere de acordo com o gen&#243;tipo e&#44; adicionalmente&#44; nos tipos gen&#233;ticos mais comuns &#233; influenciado pelo tipo e local espec&#237;fico das muta&#231;&#245;es&#44; assim como pelo grau de disfun&#231;&#227;o que essas implicam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Priori et al&#46; &#40;2003&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a> seguiram 647 indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes da SQTL tipos 1&#44; 2 e 3&#44; por um per&#237;odo m&#233;dio de 28 anos&#46; Os autores verificaram que 42&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3 desenvolveram um primeiro evento card&#237;aco &#40;ocorr&#234;ncia de s&#237;ncope&#44; paragem card&#237;aca ou MSC&#41; antes de o indiv&#237;duo atingir os 40 anos e de iniciar a terap&#234;utica&#46; A incid&#234;ncia de paragem card&#237;aca ou MSC nos pacientes com SQTL3 foi de 16&#37; e os indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino apresentaram&#8208;se sintom&#225;ticos mais precocemente do que aqueles do sexo feminino&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; dada a pequena amostra do estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel retirar conclus&#245;es desse achado&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os autores verificaram que o intervalo QTc dos pacientes com eventos card&#237;acos foi significativamente mais longo do que o dos pacientes assintom&#225;ticos &#40;subgrupo SQTL3&#58; 523<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 481<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Conclu&#237;ram ainda que apenas um QTc superior a 498<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms est&#225; associado a uma probabilidade marcadamente aumentada de eventos card&#237;acos&#46; Contudo&#44; a percentagem de indiv&#237;duos no subgrupo SQTL3 com intervalo QT normal&#44; portadores de muta&#231;&#227;o silenciosa&#44; foi de 10&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O resultado dos testes gen&#233;ticos &#233; tamb&#233;m importante no tratamento e aconselhamento dos indiv&#237;duos afetados e parentes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que&#44; por exemplo&#44; a SQTL1 apresenta maior risco durante a atividade f&#237;sica comparativamente &#224; SQTL2 e SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;74&#44;75</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0050"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mexiletina&#44; a flecainida ou a ranolazina constituem op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas &#171;espec&#237;ficas&#187; para a SQTL3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;&#44; na qual os bloqueadores &#946; podem n&#227;o ser t&#227;o eficazes&#44; pois&#44; nesse tipo&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stress</span> adren&#233;rgico &#233; um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trigger</span> com menor influ&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;70&#44;76</span></a>&#46; A mexiletina pode ser usada em adi&#231;&#227;o aos &#946;&#8208;bloqueadores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43&#44;46&#44;50</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; o seu efeito depende do tipo de muta&#231;&#227;o e pode n&#227;o ser ben&#233;fica em todos os indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;12&#44;70</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efetivamente&#44; dos tr&#234;s principais tipos de SQTL&#44; o tipo 3 &#233; o que apresenta maior taxa de recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias em indiv&#237;duos sob tratamento com &#946;&#8208;bloqueadores &#40;10&#8208;15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#46; Tal justifica que indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3 necessitem com maior frequ&#234;ncia de outros procedimentos mais invasivos&#44; como desnerva&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica card&#237;aca esquerda e&#47;ou implanta&#231;&#227;o de CDI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As canalopatias card&#237;acas s&#227;o pouco frequentes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica &#40;embora mais comuns do que se pensava&#41;&#44; mas t&#234;m um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e na sobrevida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;13</span></a>&#46; A sua abordagem cl&#237;nica constitui um desafio devido &#224; elevada heterogeneidade cl&#237;nica e gen&#233;tica que as caracteriza<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;76</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0350" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de inicialmente encaradas como entidades cl&#237;nicas separadas com fen&#243;tipos distintos&#44; essas s&#237;ndromes podem apresentar caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e gen&#233;ticas que se sobrep&#245;em &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0040">Figura 8</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; al&#233;m das muta&#231;&#245;es estritamente de perda ou ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; existe um grande espetro de muta&#231;&#245;es associadas a anomalias diversas com diferentes repercuss&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; Em alguns casos&#44; uma &#250;nica muta&#231;&#227;o no gene SCN5A pode resultar em m&#250;ltiplos dist&#250;rbios do ritmo e&#44; assim&#44; v&#225;rios fen&#243;tipos podem coexistir na mesma fam&#237;lia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0355" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; recentemente&#44; alguns estudos reportam anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais secund&#225;rias a muta&#231;&#245;es nesse gene &#40;nomeadamente CMD&#41;&#44; embora se desconhe&#231;a o mecanismo subjacente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22&#44;77</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0360" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; o poder dos testes gen&#233;ticos para identificar muta&#231;&#245;es &#233; de 25&#37; na SBr e 80&#37; na SQTL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0045">Figura 9</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;78</span></a>&#46; O impacto da gen&#233;tica na abordagem cl&#237;nica varia consideravelmente de acordo com a canalopatia subjacente e &#233; mais marcado na SQTL&#44; na qual se reconhece influ&#234;ncia ao n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; progn&#243;stico e terap&#234;utica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43&#44;78</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0045"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0365" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grandes progressos t&#234;m sido feitos na compreens&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo e suas implica&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; apesar da evolu&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento cient&#237;fico nessa &#225;rea&#44; o gen&#243;tipo de um n&#250;mero consider&#225;vel de indiv&#237;duos afetados permanece indeterminado&#44; alguns mecanismos continuam por esclarecer e as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas dispon&#237;veis s&#227;o&#44; ainda&#44; limitadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18&#44;72</span></a>&#46; A melhor compreens&#227;o dos fundamentos moleculares poder&#225; contribuir n&#227;o s&#243; para aprofundar esses &#250;ltimos aspetos&#44; mas tamb&#233;m para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terap&#234;uticas espec&#237;ficas para o gene ou a muta&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1000308"
          "titulo" => "Resumo"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963296"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963297"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1000307"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963298"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "O papel dos canais de s&#243;dio na excitabilidade card&#237;aca"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#945;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nas subunidades &#946;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas associadas aos canais de s&#243;dio"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas interatuantes"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de Brugada"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de QT longo"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-04-09"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-11-03"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963296"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Muta&#231;&#245;es"
            1 => "Canais de S&#243;dio"
            2 => "Doen&#231;as card&#237;acas"
            3 => "Arritmias card&#237;acas"
            4 => "Morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963297"
          "palabras" => array:35 [
            0 => "Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span>"
            1 => "CAV3"
            2 => "CMD"
            3 => "CNa"
            4 => "DCC"
            5 => "ECG"
            6 => "EVP"
            7 => "EEF"
            8 => "FA"
            9 => "FC"
            10 => "FV"
            11 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>"
            12 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>"
            13 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>"
            14 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>  <span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>"
            15 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>  <span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span>"
            16 => "K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>"
            17 => "MS"
            18 => "MSC"
            19 => "ms"
            20 => "Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>"
            21 => "PA"
            22 => "QTc"
            23 => "SBr"
            24 => "SNP"
            25 => "SNTA1"
            26 => "SQTL"
            27 => "SQTL1"
            28 => "SQTL2"
            29 => "SQTL3"
            30 => "SQTC"
            31 => "TdP"
            32 => "TV"
            33 => "TVP"
            34 => "TVPC"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963298"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Mutations"
            1 => "Sodium channels"
            2 => "Heart diseases"
            3 => "Cardiac arrhythmias"
            4 => "Cardiac sudden death"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A import&#226;ncia dos canais de s&#243;dio para a normal atividade el&#233;trica do cora&#231;&#227;o &#233; enfatizada pelo facto de as muta&#231;&#245;es &#40;heredit&#225;rias ou de novo&#41; nos genes que codificam esses canais ou as prote&#237;nas a esses associadas provocarem s&#237;ndromes arritmog&#233;nicas como a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada e a s&#237;ndrome do QT longo&#46; O objetivo deste trabalho &#233; proceder a uma revis&#227;o bibliogr&#225;fica sobre as muta&#231;&#245;es no complexo dos canais de s&#243;dio respons&#225;veis por doen&#231;a card&#237;aca e as implica&#231;&#245;es da rela&#231;&#227;o estrita entre a gen&#233;tica e a cl&#237;nica das principais canalopatias card&#237;acas&#44; nomeadamente no n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; da estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; do progn&#243;stico&#44; do rastreio de parentes e terap&#234;utica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi usada a base de dados online Pubmed&#174; para pesquisar os artigos publicados nessa &#225;rea&#44; em revistas indexadas&#46; Recorreu&#8208;se &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MeSH Database</span> para definir a seguinte <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">query</span>&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221; e inclu&#237;ram&#8208;se artigos publicados nos &#250;ltimos 15 anos&#44; escritos em ingl&#234;s ou portugu&#234;s e referentes &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o em humanos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; grandes avan&#231;os foram feitos no esclarecimento da base gen&#233;tica e molecular dessas s&#237;ndromes&#46; A maior compreens&#227;o dos mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos subjacentes demonstrou a import&#226;ncia da rela&#231;&#227;o entre o gen&#243;tipo e o fen&#243;tipo e permitiu efetuar progressos na abordagem cl&#237;nica desses pacientes&#46; Todavia&#44; &#233; ainda necess&#225;rio melhorar a capacidade de diagn&#243;stico&#44; aprimorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e desenvolver novas terap&#234;uticas espec&#237;ficas de acordo com o bin&#243;mio gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The importance of sodium channels for the normal electrical activity of the heart is emphasized by the fact that mutations &#40;inherited or de novo&#41; in genes that encode for these channels or their associated proteins cause arrhythmogenic syndromes such as the Brugada syndrome and the long QT syndrome &#40;LQTS&#41;&#46; The aim of this study is to conduct a review of the literature on the mutations in the sodium channel complex responsible for heart disease and the implications of a close relationship between genetics and the clinical aspects of the main cardiac channelopathies&#44; namely at the level of diagnosis&#44; risk stratification&#44; prognosis&#44; screening of family members and treatment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Methods</span><p id="spar0290" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The online Pubmed&#174; database was used to search for articles published in this field in indexed journals&#46; The MeSH database was used to define the following query&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221;&#44; and articles published in the last 15 years&#44; written in English or Portuguese and referring to research in human beings were included&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0295" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the past few years&#44; significant advances have been made to clarify the genetic and molecular basis of these syndromes&#46; A greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms showed the importance of the relationship between genotype and phenotype and led to progress in the clinical approach to these patients&#46; However&#44; it is still necessary to improve diagnostic capacity&#44; optimize risk stratification&#44; and develop new specific treatments according to the genotype&#8208;phenotype binomial&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:19 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3493
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 880043
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complexo proteico macromolecular&#44; subunidades &#945; e ciclo de vida dos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> O canal Nav1&#46;5 integra um complexo macromolecular e interatua com diversas prote&#237;nas&#44; entre as quais&#58; subunidades &#946;&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; MOG1&#44; anquirina&#44; sintrofina e citoesqueleto&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> O ciclo de vida do Nav1&#46;5 inicia&#8208;se no n&#250;cleo&#44; onde ocorre a transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A e respetiva regula&#231;&#227;o por fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o &#40;FOXO1&#44; NF&#8208;KB e TBX5&#41;&#46; Contudo&#44; os microRNAs tamb&#233;m regulam os n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; No ret&#237;culo endoplasm&#225;tico ocorre a tradu&#231;&#227;o proteica e&#44; ap&#243;s ocorrer <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">folding</span> apropriado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">assembly</span> de prote&#237;nas&#44; essas s&#227;o transportadas para a membrana celular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span>&#41;&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es ou variantes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> podem levar &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o de uma prote&#237;na Nav1&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">misfolded</span> e pode ser ativada a via PERK com vista ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">down regulation</span> dos seus n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; A PKA&#44; PKC&#44; o stresse oxidativo &#40;ERO&#41; e os estados metab&#243;licos &#40;NADH e NAD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41; podem modular o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span> do canal&#46; O NEDD4 regula a degrada&#231;&#227;o mediada pela ubiquitina&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAV3&#58; caveolina&#8208;3&#59; ERO&#58; esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#233;nio&#59; FOXO1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forkhead box protein O1</span>&#59; MOG1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span>&#59; NaChIP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8208;channel&#8208;interacting protein</span>&#59; NEDD4&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E3 ubiquitin&#8208;protein ligase NEDD4</span>&#59; NF&#8208;&#954;B&#58; factor nuclear NF&#8208;&#954;B&#59; PERK&#58; factor de inicia&#231;&#227;o da tradu&#231;&#227;o eucari&#243;tica 2&#945;&#8208;cinase 3&#59; PKA&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase dependente de AMPc &#40;prote&#237;na c&#237;nase A&#41;&#59; PKC&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase C&#59; TBX5&#58; fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o T&#8208;box TBX5&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1309
            "Ancho" => 2333
            "Tamanyo" => 188137
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fen&#243;tipos cl&#237;nicos associados a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2147
            "Ancho" => 3083
            "Tamanyo" => 353454
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e das correntes de s&#243;dio associadas a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais Nav1&#46;5 de ganho e perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A&#41;</span> As muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o associam&#8208;se a um aumento a dura&#231;&#227;o do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e podem desencadear eventos arr&#237;tmicos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">B&#41;</span> V&#225;rios mecanismos podem associar&#8208;se a ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o na corrente de s&#243;dio&#46; O mecanismo mais comum &#233; o aumento da corrente de s&#243;dio tardia &#40;aumento anormalmente sustentado da INa durante a fase 2 do PA com prolongamento da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana e atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o&#41; que pode dever&#8208;se a inativa&#231;&#227;o incompleta ou lentificada&#46; Outros mecanismos menos comuns s&#227;o o aumento da corrente janela e o aumento da INa pico &#40;aumento do influxo de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> na fase 0 do PA&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">C&#41;</span> O mecanismo de aumento da corrente de s&#243;dio mais frequentemente resulta da inativa&#231;&#227;o incompleta dos canais de s&#243;dio &#40;c&#237;rculos verdes&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">D&#41;</span> No mecanismo de aumento da corrente da janela &#40;c&#237;rculos verdes&#41;&#44; a inativa&#231;&#227;o ocorre em PA mais positivos&#44; &#171;atrasa&#8208;se&#187; e alarga&#8208;se a amplitude de voltagens durante as quais os CNa podem reativar&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A&#41;</span> Nas muta&#231;&#245;es de perda de fun&#231;&#227;o a diminui&#231;&#227;o do pico da corrente de s&#243;dio diminui a velocidade de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">upstroke</span> da fase 0 do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e retarda a condu&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica no cora&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3519
            "Ancho" => 3000
            "Tamanyo" => 662625
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algoritmo diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#46; Existem tr&#234;s padr&#245;es de altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas nas deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas &#40;V1&#8208;V3&#41;&#46; O tipo 1 &#233; considerado diagn&#243;stico&#44; contrariamente aos tipos 2 e 3 &#40;na presen&#231;a dos quais se devem fazer testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o com BCS&#41;&#46; Outras altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas que podem estar presentes no SBr s&#227;o&#58; prolongamento do intervalo PR e bloqueio de ramo direito&#46; O diagn&#243;stico definitivo faz&#8208;se na presen&#231;a de eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST do tipo 1 em pelo menos uma deriva&#231;&#227;o de V1&#8208;V3 e quando se verifica um dos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos apresentados na figura&#46; BCC&#58; bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio&#59; BCS&#58; bloqueadores dos canais de s&#243;dio&#59; Bloq&#46;beta&#58; bloqueadores beta&#59; C&#47;DVDA&#58; cardiomiopatia&#47;displasia ventricular direita arritmog&#233;nica&#59; EAM&#58; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio&#59; ECG&#58; eletrocardiograma&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; HVE&#58; hipertrofia ventricular esquerda&#59; SNA&#58; sistema nervoso aut&#243;nomo&#59; SNC&#58; sistema nervoso central&#59; SSRIs&#58; inibidores seletivos da recapta&#231;&#227;o da serotonina&#59; TEP&#58; tromboembolismo pulmonar&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#59; TSVD&#58; trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito&#59; VD&#58; ventr&#237;culo direito&#46; &#42;Podem desmascarar susceptibilidade gen&#233;tica para SBr&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Berne e Brugada &#40;2012&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2859
            "Ancho" => 2333
            "Tamanyo" => 615090
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Padr&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos de SBr&#58; espont&#226;neos <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1&#41;</span> e ap&#243;s teste de provoca&#231;&#227;o com ajmalina <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;2&#41;</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3472
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 837665
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">S&#237;ndrome do QT longo &#8211; principais caracter&#237;sticas e crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> Sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o usado no diagn&#243;stico da SQTL que se baseia nos achados presentes no ECG&#44; hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica &#40;sintomas&#41; e hist&#243;ria familiar&#46; O QTc &#233; calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Bazett&#46; Pontua&#231;&#227;o&#58; &#8804; 1 &#8211; baixa probabilidade de SQTL&#59; 1&#44;5 a 3 &#8211; probabilidade interm&#233;dia de SQTL&#59; &#8805; 3&#44;5 &#8211; alta probabilidade de SQTL&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de SQTL faz&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com pontua&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 3&#44;5 nos quais n&#227;o se verificam causas secund&#225;rias para o prolongamento do intervalo QT&#46;</p> <p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#9794;&#58; indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino&#59; &#9792;&#58; indiv&#237;duos do sexo feminino&#59; FC&#58; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46;</p> <p id="spar0300" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>Mutualmente exclusivos&#46;</p> <p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>N&#227;o podem ser ambos contabilizados na mesma fam&#237;lia&#46;</p> <p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;FC em repouso abaixo do 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176; percentil para a idade&#46;</p> <p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;&#42;O baixo risco apresentado pelo exerc&#237;cio em pacientes SQTL2 e SQTL3 &#233; explicado pelo facto de que ambos t&#234;m uma corrente normal de IKs&#44; que &#233; estimulada pela ativa&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico&#44; que assim resulta no encurtamento da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular sempre que a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumenta&#44; evita assim a probabilidade de taquiarritmias ventriculares durante o exerc&#237;cio&#46;</p> <p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Furst e Aziz &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a> e &#42;Schwartz et al&#46; &#40;2001&#41;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">74</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Schwartz et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;C&#41;</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;D&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Giudicessi e Ackerman &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3735
            "Ancho" => 2906
            "Tamanyo" => 918002
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abordagem diagn&#243;stica&#44; estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica na s&#237;ndrome do QT&#8208;longo&#46;</p> <p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Giudessi e Ackerman &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1690
            "Ancho" => 2505
            "Tamanyo" => 188402
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagrama ilustrativo do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overlap</span> entre SBr&#44; SQTL&#44; SQTC&#44; DNS&#44; SRP e CAVD&#46; A negrito encontram&#8208;se os genes do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio&#46;</p> <p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAVD&#58; cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito&#59; DNS&#58; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal&#59; SQTC&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT curto&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT longo&#59; SRP&#58; s&#237;ndrome de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce&#46;</p> <p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Sarquella&#8208;Brugada &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> e Fernandez&#8208;Falgueras &#40;2017&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0045"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr9.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 858
            "Ancho" => 1413
            "Tamanyo" => 49037
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; positividade dos testes gen&#233;ticos em indiv&#237;duos clinicamente diagnosticados com SBr e SQTL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados retirados de Schwartz e Dagradi &#40;2016&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Mizusawa &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span> Imbrici et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e Ackerman et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patologia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genes &#40;&#37; de envolvimento&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preval&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arritmias heredit&#225;rias na aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Brugada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A &#40;20&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;3&#46;300 a 1&#58;10&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome do QT longo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1 &#40;30&#8208;35&#37;&#41;&#44; KCNH2 &#40;25&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&#44; SCN5A &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;2&#46;500<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">RYR2 &#40;60&#8208;65&#37;&#41;&#44; CASQ2 &#40;&#60;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;10&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome do QT curto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nenhum gene dos 3 conhecidos representa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37; da doen&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nenhum gene dos conhecidos representa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37; da doen&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arritmias heredit&#225;rias na presen&#231;a de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica ventricular direita&#47;displasia ventricular direita arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PKP2 &#40;25&#8208;40&#37;&#41;&#44; DSG2 &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41;&#44; DSP &#40;2&#8208;12&#37;&#41;&#44; DSC2 &#40;2&#8208;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia dilatada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TTN &#40;&#8776;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MYBPC3 &#40;30&#8208;40&#37;&#41;&#44; MYH7 &#40;20&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&#44; TNNT2 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#44; TNNI3 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697833.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Principais genes associados &#224;s arritmias heredit&#225;rias</p>"
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0160" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SNC&#58; sistema nervoso central&#59; SNP&#58; sistema nervoso perif&#233;rico&#46;</p><p id="spar0165" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de England e Groot &#40;2009&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tecido com express&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cromossoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN1A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN2A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q23&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN3A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Musculoesquel&#233;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN4A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17q23&#8208;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cora&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN8A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12q13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN9A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN10A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN11A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav2&#46;1 &#40;Nax&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#233;lulas Glia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN6&#47;7A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q21&#8208;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697825.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subunidades &#945; dos canais de s&#243;dio</p>"
        ]
      ]
      11 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0175" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shift</span> hiperpolarizante&#59; &#40;&#43;&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shift despolarizante</span>&#59; &#40;&#8593;&#41;&#58; aumento&#59; &#40;&#8595;&#41;&#58; diminui&#231;&#227;o&#59; DCC&#58; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&#59; FA&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; ISS&#58; Inativa&#231;&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">steady&#8208;state</span>&#59;&#216;&#58; falha&#59; P&#46;Ref&#58; per&#237;odo refrat&#225;rio&#59; PD&#46;ST&#58; segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; SMSI&#58; s&#237;ndrome de morte s&#250;bita da inf&#226;ncia&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT Longo&#59; T&#46;Rec&#58; taxa de recupera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0180" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Adsit et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito normal na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muta&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito da muta&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">SCN1B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">&#946;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Trp179X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41;T&#46;Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">E87Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R85H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; ISS&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">D153N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R214Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN2B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#946;2</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Estado de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sialylation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R28Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar &#40;&#8593;&#41; PR&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; PD&#46;ST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Corrente tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R28W&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar &#40;&#8593;&#41; PR&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; PD&#46;ST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">SCN3B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#946;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41;T&#46;Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R6K&#44; L10P e M161T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Misto&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8208;&#41; SSI&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; T&#46; Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar<br>SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; P&#46;Ref&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A130V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ISS&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">V54G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8595;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trafficking</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FV idiop&#225;tica&#44; SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">P&#46;Ref&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">V36M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN4B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#946;4</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Velocidade do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">upstroke</span> do PA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S206L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">L179F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Corrente janela&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CAV3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Caveolina 3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scaffolding</span><br>&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F97C&#44; S141R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">V14L&#44;T78M e L79R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por fosforila&#231;&#227;o</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A280V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">E83K&#44; I124V&#44; R273C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MOG1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Densidade de superf&#237;cie<br>&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">E83D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8595;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trafficking</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SNTA1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina &#945;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scaffolding</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A390V<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S287R&#44; T372M&#44; G460S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&#44; &#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697830.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0170" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio</p>"
        ]
      ]
      12 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0190" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AV&#58; auriculoventricular&#59; CMD&#58; cardiomiopatia dilatada&#59; DCC&#58; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&#59; DNS&#58; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal&#59; FA&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; SMSI&#58; s&#237;ndrome da morte s&#250;bita da inf&#226;ncia&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome de QT longo&#46;</p><p id="spar0195" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Wilde e Brugada &#40;2011&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Remme &#40;2013&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Abriel &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> e Adsit et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Altera&#231;&#245;es na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo &#171;card&#237;aco&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canal de s&#243;dio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="11" align="left" valign="top">SCN5A</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="11" align="left" valign="top">Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">v</span>1&#46;5</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Doen&#231;a de Lev&#8208;Len&#233;gre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueio AV cong&#233;nito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DNS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atrial standstill</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fen&#243;tipos moleculares diferentes e discordantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fen&#243;tipos moleculares diferentes e discordantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CMD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Combina&#231;&#227;o de fen&#243;tipos moleculares presentes noutras entidades cl&#237;nicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ndrome de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overlap</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prote&#237;nas do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">SCN1B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SCN2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">SCN3B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FV idiop&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN4B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;4</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SNTA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina &#945;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MOG1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CAV3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Caveolina&#8208;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Desidrogenase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#8208;like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PTPH1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tirosina fosf&#225;tase H1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NEDD4L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nedd4&#8208;2&#47;Nedd4&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CALM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CAMK2D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na c&#237;nase 2 delta dependente do c&#225;lcio&#47;calmodulina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAP97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SAP97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">YWHAH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#8208;3&#8208;3&#8208;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGF13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FGF13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANK3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anquirina&#8208;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ACTN2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Actinina &#945;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PKP2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placofilina&#8208;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DSG2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Desmogle&#237;na&#8208;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TCAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Teletonina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ZASP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Banda Z&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697824.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0185" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados a disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas relacionadas</p>"
        ]
      ]
      13 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0205" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EV&#58; endovenosa&#59; VO&#58; via oral&#46;</p><p id="spar0210" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Antzelevitch et al&#46; &#40;2005&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmaco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose e dura&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Via de administra&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ajmalina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1mg&#47;kg durante 5 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Flecainida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">400mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">VO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pilsicainida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Procainamida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697831.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0200" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">F&#225;rmacos usados nos testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o para &#171;desmascarar&#187; a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      14 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at6"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0220" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AD&#58; autoss&#243;mica dominante&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>Placofilina causa d&#233;fice de I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0225" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Sarquella&#8208;Brugada et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Sieira et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> e Juang e Horie &#40;2016&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Locus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito na fun&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Heredita<br>riedade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas associadas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#8208;28&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN10A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p22&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;0&#8208;16&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN1B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19q13&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN3B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q24&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GPD1L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Desidrogenase 1&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17p13&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MOG1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SLMAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na associada ao sarcolema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PKP2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placofilina 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">D&#233;fice da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HEY2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6q22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de c&#225;lcio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA1C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p13&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#945;1c do canal de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNB2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10p12&#46;33&#8208;p12&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2 do canal de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav &#946;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA2D1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7q21&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#945;2&#47;&#948;1 do canal de c&#225;lcio dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav&#945;2&#948;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TRPM4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19q13&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de pot&#225;ssio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCND3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1p13&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia D membro 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q13&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia E membro 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inward rectifier</span> 8 sens&#237;vel ao ATP<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HCN4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15q24&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Potassium&#47;sodium hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Xq22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia E <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">regulatory</span> &#946; subunidade 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ligada ao X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNH2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7q35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kv11&#46;1&#44; IKr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#8208;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ABCC9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SUR2A &#40;subunidade 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A do recetor da sulfonilureia&#41;&#44; IK&#8208;ATP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8208;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697829.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0215" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genes mutados na s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      15 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at7"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0235" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CDI&#58; cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel&#59; DPCdt&#58; deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; MSC&#58; morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca&#59; RF&#58; radiofrequ&#234;ncia&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas gerais de altera&#231;&#227;o do estilo de vida</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar f&#225;rmacos que podem induzir ou agravar a eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST nas DPCdt&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar consumo excessivo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Na presen&#231;a de febre medicar prontamente com f&#225;rmaco antipir&#233;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe Ia&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697832.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e tratamento espec&#237;fico</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos sintom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MSC &#171;abortada&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TV espont&#226;nea documentada&#44; com ou sem s&#237;ncope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV&#47;FV induzidas por EEF</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ncope<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Tempestade el&#233;trica&#47;arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Isoprenalina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 induzido por f&#225;rmacos e hist&#243;ria familiar de MSC</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe III&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a><br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos que se qualificam para CDI mas apresentam uma contraindica&#231;&#227;o ou que recusam CDI e&#47;ou apresentam hist&#243;ria de arritmias supraventriculares que necessitam de tratamento</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr e hist&#243;ria de tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas ou choques de repeti&#231;&#227;o &#40;apropriados&#41; por CDI</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter &#8208; RF<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697823.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas a SBr podem incluir fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; morte s&#250;bita &#171;abortada&#187;&#44; s&#237;ncope&#44; palpita&#231;&#245;es&#44; desconforto tor&#225;cico e respira&#231;&#227;o ag&#243;nica noturna&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Definida como mais de dois epis&#243;dios de TV&#47;FV em 24 horas&#59;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Pode ser &#250;til para suprimir tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Pode ser &#250;til em indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr e hist&#243;ria de tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Adaptado de Priori et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> e Steinfurt et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0230" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      16 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at8"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0250" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&#58; perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#59; &#40;&#43;&#41;&#58; ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca&#44;L&#58;</span> correntes de Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> atrav&#233;s dos canais de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependentes da voltagem&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K&#8208;Ach&#58;</span> corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> regulada pelos recetores da acetilcolina&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kl&#58;</span> corrente de entrada de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#44; retificadora&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr&#58;</span> componente r&#225;pido &#40;retifica&#231;&#227;o interna &#8211; canais de K<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>est&#227;o abertos quando um potencial &#233; negativo e fechados quando o potencial &#233; menos negativo ou positivo&#41; da corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delayed rectifier</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&#41;&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks&#58;</span> componente lenta da corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delayed rectifier</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&#41;&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na&#58;</span> corrente de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> dependente de voltagem&#59; NCX&#58; trocador Na<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#47; Ca2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#59; SAT&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Andersen&#8208;Tawil&#59; ST&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Timothy&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Corrente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito na fun&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hereditariedade autoss&#243;mica dominante &#40;Romano&#8208;Ward&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#8208;55&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNH2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#8208;45&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#8208;10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ANKB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anquirina B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Trocador NCX&#44; ATPase Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#47;K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MinK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MiRP1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 7<br>&#40;SAT&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kir2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kl</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 8<br>&#40;ST&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA1C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>1&#46;2&#945;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca&#44;L</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CAV3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Caveolina&#8208;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN4B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade&#946;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AKAP9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yotiao&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNTA1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina&#8208;&#945;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kir 3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K&#8208;Ach</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CALM1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Redu&#231;&#227;o da afinidade para o Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CALM2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Redu&#231;&#227;o da afinidade para o Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hereditariedade autoss&#243;mica recessiva &#40;Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>JLN1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>JLN2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MinK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697822.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "&#35;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene KCNE1 podem causar quer a s&#237;ndrome de Romano&#8208;Ward &#40;autoss&#243;mica dominante&#59; SQTL5&#41; quer&#44; se em homozigotia ou heterozigotia composta&#44; a s&#237;ndrome de Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen &#40;autoss&#243;mica recessiva&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">A disfun&#231;&#227;o da calmodulina pode alterar a inativa&#231;&#227;o dos canais de Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> tipo L dependente do Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;aumenta a corrente despolarizante durante a fase 2 do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o&#41; mas algumas muta&#231;&#245;es da calmodulina podem tamb&#233;m associar&#8208;se a altera&#231;&#227;o da regula&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Retirado e adaptado de Nakano e Shimizu &#40;2016&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>Makita et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> e Mizusawa &#40;2014&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0245" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subtipos de SQTL cong&#233;nita</p>"
        ]
      ]
      17 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0045"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at9"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0265" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#9794;&#58; sexo masculino&#59;&#9792;&#58; sexo feminino&#59; FC&#58; Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; RR&#58; intervalo RR&#46;</p><p id="spar0270" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Goldenberg et al&#46; &#40;2006&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&#8208; M&#233;todo de corre&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT &#40;f&#243;rmulas&#41;</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bazett&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT&#47;RR<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fridericia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT&#47;RR<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Framingham&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;154 &#40;1 &#8211; RR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hodges&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;75 &#40;FC &#8211; 60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697834.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&#8208; Valores normais&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e prolongados do QTc calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Bazett&#46;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borderline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prolongado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1&#8208;15 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>440 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">440&#8208;460 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>460 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Adulto &#40;&#9794;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>430 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">430&#8208;450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Adulto &#40;&#9792;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">450&#8208;470 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>470 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697828.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0260" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT</p>"
        ]
      ]
      18 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0050"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 10"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at10"
            "detalle" => "Tabela 1"
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0280" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BCS&#58; bloqueador dos canais de s&#243;dio&#59; CDI&#58; cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel&#59; DSCE&#58; desnerva&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica card&#237;aca esquerda&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; MSC&#58; morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas gerais de altera&#231;&#227;o do estilo de vida</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar f&#225;rmacos que prolongam o intervalo QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Identificar e corrigir dist&#250;rbios hidroeletrol&#237;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697827.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e tratamento espec&#237;fico</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos sintom&#225;ticos</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ncope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QTc &#8805; 470ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TV&#47;FV documentadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QTc &#8804; 470ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MSC &#171;abortada&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#227;o tratados com bloqueadores &#946;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe III&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epis&#243;dios recorrentes de s&#237;ncope durante terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores &#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos com diagn&#243;stico de SQTL que apresentam eventos durante terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores &#946;&#47; CDI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DSCE<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos de alto risco com diagn&#243;stico de SQTL que recusam CDI ou nos quais esse est&#225; contraindicado e&#47;ou quando os bloqueadores &#946; n&#227;o s&#227;o eficazes a prevenir s&#237;ncope&#47;arritmias&#44; n&#227;o s&#227;o tolerados&#44; est&#227;o contraindicados ou s&#227;o recusados</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DSCE<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos com SQTL tipo 3 e QTc<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500ms que diminui<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40ms ap&#243;s prova oral aguda com um BCS</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BSC<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697826.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Exceto em circunst&#226;ncias especiais&#44; o CDI n&#227;o est&#225; indicado em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos n&#227;o submetidos a terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores beta&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Adaptado de Priori et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0275" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da s&#237;ndrome QT longo</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:78 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A clinical approach to inherited arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.959429"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "581"
                        "paginaFinal" => "590"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inherited disorders of voltage&#8208;gated sodium channels"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI25505"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1990"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1999"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of ion&#8208;channel disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HCO.0b013e328352429d"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "242"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities&#58; Task Force 10&#58; The Cardiac Channelopathies&#58; A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIR.0000000000000246"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e329"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Phenotypical manifestations of mutations in the genes encoding subunits of the cardiac sodium channel"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.238469"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "884"
                        "paginaFinal" => "897"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channelopathy associated with SCN5A mutations&#58; electrophysiological&#44; molecular and genetic aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1113/jphysiol.2013.256461"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Physiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "591"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4099"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4116"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channel mutations&#58; why so many phenotypes&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2014.85"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "607"
                        "paginaFinal" => "615"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome&#58; clinical and genetic findings"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/gim.2015.35"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genet Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0435"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recent advances in genetic testing and counseling for inherited arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joa.2015.12.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Arrhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "389"
                        "paginaFinal" => "397"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0440"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postmortem long QT syndrome genetic testing for sudden unexplained death in the young"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "240"
                        "paginaFinal" => "246"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0445"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ion channel macromolecular complexes in cardiomyocytes&#58; roles in sudden cardiac death"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1971"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1988"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0450"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Therapeutic approaches to genetic ion channelopathies and perspectives in drug discovery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fphar.2016.00121"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Pharmacol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "121"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0455"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of the congenital long&#8208;QT syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.863209"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1761"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1767"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0460"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pathophysiological mechanisms of Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; depolarization disorder&#44; repolarization disorder&#44; or more&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.03.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "paginaFinal" => "378"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0465"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channel Na&#40;v&#41;1&#46;5 and interacting proteins&#58; Physiology and pathophysiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.08.025"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Mol Cell Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0470"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An international compendium of mutations in the SCN5A&#8208;encoded cardiac sodium channel in patients referred for Brugada&#39;s syndrome genetic testing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.09.069"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0475"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhanced classification of Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#8208;associated and long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome&#8208;associated genetic variants in the SCN5A&#8208;encoded Na&#40;v&#41;1&#46;5 cardiac sodium channel"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000831"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "582"
                        "paginaFinal" => "595"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0480"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A and its gene product NaV1&#46;5&#58; Role in physiology and pathophysiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.062"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gene&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "573"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "187"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0485"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Subtype&#8208;selective targeting of voltage&#8208;gated sodium channels"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00437.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Pharmacol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "158"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1425"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0490"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biology of cardiac sodium channel Nav1&#46;5 expression"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cvr/cvr252"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0495"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel &#40;dys&#41;function and cardiac arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00210.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Ther&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "287"
                        "paginaFinal" => "294"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0500"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00424-009-0761-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pflugers Arch&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "460"
                        "paginaInicial" => "223"
                        "paginaFinal" => "237"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0505"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Channelopathies from mutations in the cardiac sodium channel protein complex"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Mol Cell Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0510"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac Na<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>current regulation by pyridine nucleotides"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.197277"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "737"
                        "paginaFinal" => "745"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0515"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel mutations and arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2009.44"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0520"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perturbation of sodium channel structure by an inherited long QT&#39;s syndrome mutation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ncomms1717"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Commun&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0525"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Late sodium current in human atrial cardiomyocytes from patients in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0131432"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e0131432"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0530"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics and cardiac channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181d81636"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genet Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "260"
                        "paginaFinal" => "267"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0535"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN1B gene variants in Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; a study of 145 SCN5A&#8208;negative patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/srep06470"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sci Rep&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6470"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0540"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contribution of cardiac sodium channel beta&#8208;subunit variants to Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0164"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2129"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0545"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in sodium channel beta1&#8208; and beta2&#8208;subunits associated with atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.108.779181"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "268"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0550"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in sodium channel beta&#8208;subunit SCN3B are associated with early&#8208;onset lone atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cvr/cvq348"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "786"
                        "paginaFinal" => "793"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0555"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN4B&#8208;encoded sodium channel beta4 subunit in congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.659086"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "134"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0560"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/jhg.2015.74"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hum Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "51"
                        "paginaFinal" => "55"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0565"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies and sudden death&#58; recent clinical and genetic advances"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/bs6040028"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biology &#40;Basel&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "1&#46;"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0570"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Novel calmodulin mutations associated with congenital arrhythmia susceptibility"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000459"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "466"
                        "paginaFinal" => "474"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0575"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutant caveolin&#8208;3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635268"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2104"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2112"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0580"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desmosomes and the sodium channel complex&#58; implications for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tcm.2014.02.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trends Cardiovasc Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "184"
                        "paginaFinal" => "190"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0585"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Missense mutations in plakophilin&#8208;2 cause sodium current deficit and associate with a Brugada&#39;s syndrome phenotype"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003077"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1092"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1103"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0590"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; More than 20 years of scientific excitement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.08.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "215"
                        "paginaFinal" => "220"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0595"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Right bundle branch block&#44; persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death&#58; a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome&#46; A multicenter report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1391"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1396"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0600"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pcad.2008.05.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Cardiovasc Dis&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0605"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of genetics on the clinical management of channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0610"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long&#8208;term prognosis of patients diagnosed with Brugada1s syndrome&#58; Results from the FINGER Brugada&#39;s Syndrome Registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887026"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "635"
                        "paginaFinal" => "643"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0615"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome&#58; report of the second consensus conference&#58; endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.CIR.0000152479.54298.51"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "659"
                        "paginaFinal" => "670"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0620"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HRS&#47;EHRA&#47;APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes&#58; document endorsed by HRS&#44; EHRA&#44; and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.05.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AHA&#44; PACES&#44; and AEPC in June 2013&#46; Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1932"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1963"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0625"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Right bundle&#8208;branch block and ST&#8208;segment elevation in leads V1 through V3&#58; a marker for sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "457"
                        "paginaFinal" => "460"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0630"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asymptomatic Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; clinical characterization and long&#8208;term prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.114.003044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1144"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1150"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0635"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of clinical and genetic findings on the management of young patients with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1274"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1282"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0640"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Suppl 2&#58;ii1&#8208;6"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inherited ion channel diseases&#58; a brief review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Europace&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0645"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada&#39;s syndrome 2012"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1571"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0650"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST&#8208;segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "510"
                        "paginaFinal" => "515"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0655"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HRS&#47;EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies this document was developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society &#40;HRS&#41; and the European Heart Rhythm Association &#40;EHRA&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.05.020"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1339"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0660"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pathogenesis and management of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2016.143"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "744"
                        "paginaFinal" => "756"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0665"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Spectrum and prevalence of mutations involving BrS1&#8208; through BrS12&#8208;susceptibility genes in a cohort of unrelated patients referred for Brugada&#39;s syndrome genetic testing&#58; implications for genetic testing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.037"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1410"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1418"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0670"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in SCN10A are responsible for a large fraction of cases of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "paginaFinal" => "79"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0675"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN5A mutations and the role of genetic background in the pathophysiology of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.853374"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "552"
                        "paginaFinal" => "557"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0680"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A study of the SCN5A gene in a cohort of 76 patients with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/cge.12017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "530"
                        "paginaFinal" => "538"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0685"
              "etiqueta" => "59"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Commentary on the Brugada ECG pattern&#58; a marker of channelopathy&#44; structural heart disease&#44; or neither&#63; Toward a unifying mechanism of the Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.110.957258"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "280"
                        "paginaFinal" => "282"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0690"
              "etiqueta" => "60"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joa.2016.07.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Arrhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "418"
                        "paginaFinal" => "425"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0695"
              "etiqueta" => "61"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Type of SCN5A mutation determines clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss&#8208;of&#8208;function sodium channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.11.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0700"
              "etiqueta" => "62"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characterization and mechanisms of action of novel NaV1&#46;5 channel mutations associated with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.112.974220"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "184"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0705"
              "etiqueta" => "63"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada&#39;s syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.CIR.0000104568.13957.4F"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3092"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3096"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0710"
              "etiqueta" => "64"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The diagnosis&#44; risk&#44; and stratification and treatment of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3238/arztebl.2015.0394"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dtsch Arztebl Int&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "394"
                        "paginaFinal" => "401"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0715"
              "etiqueta" => "65"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long QT syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.068"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2291"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2300"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0720"
              "etiqueta" => "66"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia&#44; long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "811"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0725"
              "etiqueta" => "67"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A molecular basis for cardiac arrhythmia&#58; HERG mutations cause long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "795"
                        "paginaFinal" => "803"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0730"
              "etiqueta" => "68"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Positional cloning of a novel potassium channel gene&#58; KVLQT1 mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ng0196-17"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0735"
              "etiqueta" => "69"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic and clinical advances in congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2827"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2833"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            69 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0740"
              "etiqueta" => "70"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genotype&#8208; and phenotype&#8208;guided management of congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2013.08.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Probl Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "417"
                        "paginaFinal" => "455"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            70 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0745"
              "etiqueta" => "71"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk stratification in the long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa022147"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "348"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1866"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1874"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            71 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0750"
              "etiqueta" => "72"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndromes from genotype to phenotype&#58; clinical implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01583.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Intern Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "259"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "47"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            72 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0755"
              "etiqueta" => "73"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "QT interval&#58; how to measure it and what is &#8220;normal&#8221;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00408.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "333"
                        "paginaFinal" => "336"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            73 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0760"
              "etiqueta" => "74"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genotype&#8208;phenotype correlation in the long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome&#58; gene&#8208;specific triggers for life&#8208;threatening arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            74 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0765"
              "etiqueta" => "75"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The evolution of sports participation guidelines and the influence of genotype&#8208;phenotype correlation in long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tcm.2016.04.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trends Cardiovasc Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "690"
                        "paginaFinal" => "697"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            75 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0770"
              "etiqueta" => "76"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic testing for potentially lethal&#44; highly treatable inherited cardiomyopathies&#47;channelopathies in clinical practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914838"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "123"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1021"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1037"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            76 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0775"
              "etiqueta" => "77"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of mutations in the SCN5A gene in cardiomyopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.014"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biochim Biophys Acta&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "1863"
                        "numero" => "7 Pt B"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1805"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            77 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0780"
              "etiqueta" => "78"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of survivors of cardiac arrest &#8211; The importance of genetic investigation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2016.104"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "560"
                        "paginaFinal" => "566"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117302688/v1_201803150415/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "45101"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigo de Revis&#227;o"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117302688/v1_201803150415/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302688?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Partilhar
Informação da revista

Estatísticas

Siga este link para acessar o texto completo do artigo

Artigo de Revisão
Canalopatias cardíacas: o papel das mutações nos canais de sódio
Cardiac channelopathies: The role of sodium channel mutations
Diana João Fonseca
Autor para correspondência
mimed11120@med.up.pt

Autor para correspondência.
, Manuel Joaquim Vaz da Silva
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Lido
26658
Vezes
que se leu este artigo
4641
Total PDF
22017
Total HTML
Compartilhar estatísticas
 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S0870255117302688"
  "issn" => "08702551"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.11.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
  "aid" => "1121"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "rev"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:179-99"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5382
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 166
      "HTML" => 4487
      "PDF" => 729
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2174204918300114"
      "issn" => "21742049"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.11.016"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
      "aid" => "1121"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "rev"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:179-99"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 3514
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 126
          "HTML" => 2796
          "PDF" => 592
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies&#58; The role of sodium channel mutations"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "pt"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "179"
            "paginaFinal" => "199"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "pt" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0020"
            "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 3519
                "Ancho" => 3000
                "Tamanyo" => 641314
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic algorithm for Brugada syndrome&#46; There are three patterns of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the right precordial leads &#40;V1-V3&#41;&#46; Type 1 is considered to be diagnostic&#44; unlike types 2 and 3 &#40;in presence of which provocation tests with SCB must be performed&#41;&#46; Other electrocardiographic abnormalities that may be present in BrS are&#58; prolongation of the PR interval and right branch block&#46; A definitive diagnosis is made in presence of type 1 ST-segment elevation in at least one V1-V3 lead and when one of the clinical criteria presented in the figure is met&#46; AMI&#58; acute myocardial infarction&#59; ANS&#58; autonomic nervous system&#59; C&#47;ARVD&#58; cardiomyopathy&#47;arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia&#59; CCB&#58; calcium channel blockers&#59; CNS&#58; central nervous system&#59; ECG&#58; electrocardiogram&#59; LVH&#58; left ventricular hypertrophy&#59; PTE&#58; pulmonary thromboembolism&#59; RV&#58; right ventricle&#59; RVOT&#58; right ventricular outflow tract&#59; SCB&#58; sodium channel blockers&#59; SSRIs&#58; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors&#59; VF&#58; ventricular fibrillation&#59; VT&#58; ventricular tachycardia&#59; &#946;-blockers&#58; beta blockers&#46; &#42;May unmask genetic susceptibility to BrS&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Extracted and adapted from Berne and Brugada &#40;2012&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Diana Jo&#227;o Fonseca, Manuel Joaquim Vaz da Silva"
            "autores" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Diana Jo&#227;o"
                "apellidos" => "Fonseca"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Manuel Joaquim"
                "apellidos" => "Vaz da Silva"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0870255117302688"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.11.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302688?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918300114?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21742049/0000003700000002/v1_201803200458/S2174204918300114/v1_201803200458/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0870255117309678"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.01.013"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
    "aid" => "1135"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:201&#46;e1-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1575
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 124
        "HTML" => 1049
        "PDF" => 402
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Utilisation of the snare technique for left ventricular lead placement in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "pt"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "201&#46;e1"
          "paginaFinal" => "201&#46;e3"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utiliza&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">snare</span> para implanta&#231;&#227;o de &#233;letrodo ventricular em doente com veia cava superior esquerda persistente"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 999
              "Ancho" => 2000
              "Tamanyo" => 108620
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Left ventricle lead final position&#58; &#40;A&#41; Right anterior oblique view&#59; &#40;B&#41; Left anterior oblique view&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Gustavo Lima da Silva, Jo&#227;o de Sousa, Pedro Marques"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gustavo"
              "apellidos" => "Lima da Silva"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jo&#227;o"
              "apellidos" => "de Sousa"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pedro"
              "apellidos" => "Marques"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117309678?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117309678/v1_201803150415/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0870255117308144"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-02-01"
    "aid" => "1108"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:175-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4268
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 145
        "HTML" => 3687
        "PDF" => 436
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Coment&#225;rio editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Repercuss&#227;o microvascular retineana e hipertens&#227;o noturna &#8211; alvos terap&#234;uticos a n&#227;o esquecer"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "175"
          "paginaFinal" => "177"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Retinal microvascular damage and nocturnal hypertension&#58; Therapeutic targets to bear in mind"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jos&#233; Braz Nogueira"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Braz Nogueira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2174204918300072"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.01.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918300072?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117308144?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117308144/v1_201803150415/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo de Revis&#227;o</span>"
    "titulo" => "Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "179"
        "paginaFinal" => "199"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Diana Jo&#227;o Fonseca, Manuel Joaquim Vaz da Silva"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Diana Jo&#227;o"
            "apellidos" => "Fonseca"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mimed11120&#64;med&#46;up&#46;pt"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Manuel Joaquim"
            "apellidos" => "Vaz da Silva"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspond&#234;ncia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies&#58; The role of sodium channel mutations"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3493
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 880043
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complexo proteico macromolecular&#44; subunidades &#945; e ciclo de vida dos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> O canal Nav1&#46;5 integra um complexo macromolecular e interatua com diversas prote&#237;nas&#44; entre as quais&#58; subunidades &#946;&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; MOG1&#44; anquirina&#44; sintrofina e citoesqueleto&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> O ciclo de vida do Nav1&#46;5 inicia&#8208;se no n&#250;cleo&#44; onde ocorre a transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A e respetiva regula&#231;&#227;o por fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o &#40;FOXO1&#44; NF&#8208;KB e TBX5&#41;&#46; Contudo&#44; os microRNAs tamb&#233;m regulam os n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; No ret&#237;culo endoplasm&#225;tico ocorre a tradu&#231;&#227;o proteica e&#44; ap&#243;s ocorrer <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">folding</span> apropriado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">assembly</span> de prote&#237;nas&#44; essas s&#227;o transportadas para a membrana celular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span>&#41;&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es ou variantes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> podem levar &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o de uma prote&#237;na Nav1&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">misfolded</span> e pode ser ativada a via PERK com vista ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">down regulation</span> dos seus n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; A PKA&#44; PKC&#44; o stresse oxidativo &#40;ERO&#41; e os estados metab&#243;licos &#40;NADH e NAD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41; podem modular o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span> do canal&#46; O NEDD4 regula a degrada&#231;&#227;o mediada pela ubiquitina&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAV3&#58; caveolina&#8208;3&#59; ERO&#58; esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#233;nio&#59; FOXO1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forkhead box protein O1</span>&#59; MOG1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span>&#59; NaChIP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8208;channel&#8208;interacting protein</span>&#59; NEDD4&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E3 ubiquitin&#8208;protein ligase NEDD4</span>&#59; NF&#8208;&#954;B&#58; factor nuclear NF&#8208;&#954;B&#59; PERK&#58; factor de inicia&#231;&#227;o da tradu&#231;&#227;o eucari&#243;tica 2&#945;&#8208;cinase 3&#59; PKA&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase dependente de AMPc &#40;prote&#237;na c&#237;nase A&#41;&#59; PKC&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase C&#59; TBX5&#58; fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o T&#8208;box TBX5&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As canalopatias card&#237;acas constituem um grupo heterog&#233;neo de doen&#231;as card&#237;acas heredit&#225;rias causadas por muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes que codificam os canais i&#243;nicos expressos no cora&#231;&#227;o &#40;envolvidos nas correntes de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#41;&#44; K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>&#41; e Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>&#41;&#41; e&#47;ou as prote&#237;nas que regulam a sua fun&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; Essas muta&#231;&#245;es originam diferentes fen&#243;tipos de acordo com as altera&#231;&#245;es incitadas nas correntes de s&#243;dio e outros i&#245;es&#44; conferem maior suscetibilidade para ocorr&#234;ncia de s&#237;ncope&#44; convuls&#245;es e arritmias&#44; embora&#44; na maioria das vezes&#44; n&#227;o existam defeitos card&#237;acos estruturais subjacentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Tal evidencia a import&#226;ncia dos canais i&#243;nicos&#44; nomeadamente dos canais de s&#243;dio &#40;CNa&#41;&#44; na g&#233;nese e propaga&#231;&#227;o do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o &#40;PA&#41; e&#44; consequentemente&#44; na excitabilidade card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;5&#8211;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As arritmias desencadeadas s&#227;o potencialmente fatais e a morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca &#40;MSC&#41; constitui&#44; frequentemente&#44; a primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o dessas doen&#231;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8</span></a>&#46; A morte s&#250;bita &#40;MS&#41; &#233; uma das causas mais comuns de morte por patologia cardiovascular e&#44; na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta ocidental&#44; as canalopatias card&#237;acas &#40;1&#8208;2&#37;&#41; s&#227;o uma das patologias predisponentes mais frequentemente diagnosticadas&#44; a par das cardiomiopatias &#40;10&#8208;15&#37;&#41; e da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria &#40;75&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Na verdade&#44; alguns estudos mostram que as canalopatias card&#237;acas s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 1&#47;3 dos casos de MS em jovens com aut&#243;psia negativa e por at&#233; 50&#37; dos casos de MSC arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais arritmias heredit&#225;rias causadas por disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais i&#243;nicos s&#227;o a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada &#40;SBr&#41;&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT longo &#40;SQTL&#41;&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT curto &#40;SQTC&#41; e a taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica &#40;TVPC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; a sua preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral &#233; dif&#237;cil de estimar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;13&#8211;15</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m das patologias supracitadas&#44; a s&#237;ndrome de pr&#233;&#8208;excita&#231;&#227;o&#44; a fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular idiop&#225;tica e casos raros de cardiomiopatias familiares tamb&#233;m se associam a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais i&#243;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nas &#250;ltimas duas d&#233;cadas&#44; o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos gen&#233;ticos e moleculares subjacentes &#224;s arritmias &#40;mormente as de cariz heredit&#225;rio &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#41;&#44; foi vastamente alargado e diversas muta&#231;&#245;es e&#47;ou variantes gen&#233;ticas t&#234;m sido descritas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de v&#225;rias muta&#231;&#245;es em diversos canais i&#243;nicos afetarem as correntes el&#233;tricas card&#237;acas&#44; nesta revis&#227;o bibliogr&#225;fica aborda&#8208;se apenas o que concerne &#224;s correntes de s&#243;dio&#44; designadamente&#58; a estrutura dos CNa e o seu papel na excitabilidade card&#237;aca&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es no complexo dos CNa&#44; os fen&#243;tipos associados e as implica&#231;&#245;es da rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gen&#233;tica e a cl&#237;nica no n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; o progn&#243;stico e a terap&#234;utica&#44; fundamentalmente da SQTL e da SBr&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi feita uma revis&#227;o narrativa da literatura acerca do tema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; o papel das muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio</span>&#46; Para efetuar a pesquisa dos artigos publicados ne&#225;rea&#44; foi usada a base de dados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span> Pubmed&#174; e recorreu&#8208;se &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MeSH Database</span> para selecionar os termos MeSH e definir a seguinte <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">query</span>&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com a aplica&#231;&#227;o dos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o preestabelecidos&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos apenas artigos publicados nos &#250;ltimos 15 anos&#44; escritos em ingl&#234;s ou portugu&#234;s e referentes &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o em humanos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; foi tido em conta o factor de impacto&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclu&#237;ram&#8208;se ainda outras refer&#234;ncias bibliogr&#225;ficas&#44; algumas das quais com data de publica&#231;&#227;o anterior a 2002&#44; com vistas a aprofundar conte&#250;dos relevantes citados nos artigos inicialmente pesquisados&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os canais de s&#243;dio &#40;CNa&#41; s&#227;o prote&#237;nas transmembranares compostas por uma subunidade &#945; em conjunto com uma ou duas subunidades &#946; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Existem v&#225;rios tipos de subunidades &#945;&#44; diferentemente expressas consoante o tipo de tecido e codificadas por uma fam&#237;lia de 10 genes distintos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabela 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&#46; A principal subunidade &#945; expressa no cora&#231;&#227;o denomina&#8208;se Nav1&#46;5 &#40;tal como o canal de s&#243;dio em que se integra&#41; e &#233; codificada pelo gene SCN5A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sodium channel&#44; voltage gated&#44; type</span> V <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">alpha subunit&#41;</span>&#44; esse &#250;ltimo constitu&#237;do por 28 ex&#245;es e que abrange mais de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb no cromossoma 3p22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A regula&#231;&#227;o da transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A &#233; influenciada por v&#225;rios fatores&#44; entre eles&#58; exist&#234;ncia de tr&#234;s promotores&#44; fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o e microRNAs com a&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s&#8208;transcri&#231;&#227;o&#46; J&#225; foram descritas mais de 10 isoformas resultantes do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> desse gene&#44; a isoforma mais abundante no cora&#231;&#227;o humano &#233; a SCN5A&#8208;003 &#40;isoforma do adulto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A subunidade &#945; tem 227 kDa e consiste numa prote&#237;na&#160;transmembranar&#160;com quatro dom&#237;nios hom&#243;logos &#40;DI&#8208;DIV&#41; conetados por ansas citoplasm&#225;ticas&#44; cada um dos quais com seis segmentos transmembranares em &#945;&#8208;h&#233;lice &#40;S1&#8208;6&#41; conetados por ansas intra e extracelulares&#46; Apresenta ainda um terminal C &#40;carboxilo&#41; e um terminal N &#40;amino&#41;&#44; ambos citoplasm&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O poro central &#233; formado pelos quatro segmentos S5 e S6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da subunidade &#945;&#44; nomeadamente&#44; pelas ansas extracelulares que os conectam<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Apresenta permeabilidade seletiva para o s&#243;dio&#44; que se desloca atrav&#233;s desse de acordo com o gradiente eletroqu&#237;mico&#46; Os segmentos S1 a S4 funcionam como sensores de voltagem&#46; Contudo&#44; o &#250;ltimo apresenta a particularidade de ter carga positiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;18&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#192; semelhan&#231;a dos restantes canais dependentes de voltagem&#44; os CNa exibem altera&#231;&#245;es da sua conforma&#231;&#227;o&#44; um processo denominado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> e que permite definir os tr&#234;s estados funcionais do canal &#40;aberto&#44; inativo ou fechado&#41;&#44; de acordo com o potencial de membrana&#46; Essas altera&#231;&#245;es ocorrem na subunidade &#945;&#44; principal respons&#225;vel pela regula&#231;&#227;o da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana das c&#233;lulas excit&#225;veis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As subunidades &#946; s&#227;o prote&#237;nas de aproximadamente 30&#8208;40 kDa&#44; com um &#250;nico segmento transmembranar&#44; um terminal C intracelular e um terminal N extracelular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Essas subunidades associam&#8208;se &#224; subunidade &#945; do CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; e&#44; assim&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; modulam a sua express&#227;o na superf&#237;cie celular e o processo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> como tamb&#233;m permitem a liga&#231;&#227;o ao citoesqueleto e a outras prote&#237;nas de intera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Efetivamente&#44; as subunidades &#946; s&#227;o capazes de aumentar o tr&#225;fego dos canais para a membrana&#44; com consequente aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existem quatro tipos de subunidades &#946; &#40;&#946;1&#44; &#946;2&#44; &#946;3 e &#946;4&#41;&#44; codificadas pelos genes SCN1B&#44; SCN2B&#44; SCN3B e SCN4B&#44; respetivamente&#46; Essas associam&#8208;se preferencialmente a diferentes subunidades &#945;&#44; consoante o tipo de tecido no qual se expressam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;20&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para al&#233;m das subunidades &#946;&#44; existem outras prote&#237;nas com capacidade para interferir e modular a fun&#231;&#227;o do Nav1&#46;5 &#40;anquirina&#8208;G&#44; calmodulina&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; sintrofina &#945;1&#44; placofilina&#8208;2&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span> &#40;MOG1&#41;&#44; desidrog&#233;nase do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato 1&#8208;like &#40;GPD1L&#41;&#44; factor hom&#243;logo 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fibroblast Growth Factor &#40;FHFGF&#8208;1B&#41;</span>&#44; l&#237;gases da ubiquitina Nedd4&#8208;like&#44; entre outras&#41; que integram um complexo macromolecular &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;18&#44;20&#44;21&#44;24&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">O papel dos canais de s&#243;dio na excitabilidade card&#237;aca</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O potencial de a&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aco &#233; gerado por correntes i&#243;nicas despolarizantes &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>&#41; e repolarizantes &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Os CNa t&#234;m um papel determinante na inicia&#231;&#227;o do PA atrav&#233;s da g&#233;nese da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; s&#227;o expressos na membrana dos cardiomi&#243;citos auriculares e ventriculares e no tecido de condu&#231;&#227;o especializada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;23</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; embora a sua express&#227;o seja abundante no feixe de His&#44; nos seus ramos e nas fibras de Purkinje&#44; a sua express&#227;o &#233; baixa ou ausente nos n&#243;s sinusal e auriculoventricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No mioc&#225;rdio ventricular&#44; durante a di&#225;stole&#44; o potencial el&#233;trico transmembranar &#40;de repouso&#41; &#233; aproximadamente &#8208;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV e os CNa encontram&#8208;se fechados&#46; Quando um est&#237;mulo despolariza a membrana&#44; os segmentos S4 dos quatro dom&#237;nios movimentam&#8208;se simultaneamente para o exterior&#44; o canal abre e h&#225; passagem de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> para o meio intracelular de acordo com o gradiente eletroqu&#237;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; gera&#8208;se a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; principal respons&#225;vel pela fase de despolariza&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida do PA &#40;fase 0&#41;&#44; que aumenta rapidamente at&#233; atingir o seu pico &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>&#41; e diminui milissegundos depois<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; a ansa entre os dom&#237;nios III e IV &#40;porta de inativa&#231;&#227;o&#41; funciona como &#171;tampa&#187; e os canais fecham gradualmente em cerca de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que os CNa sofrem v&#225;rias altera&#231;&#245;es conformacionais que se traduzem em diferentes estados de inativa&#231;&#227;o &#40;inativa&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida&#44; interm&#233;dia e lenta&#41;&#44; que&#44; por sua vez&#44; t&#234;m diferentes tempos de recupera&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; no fim da fase 0 a maioria &#40;&#8776;99&#37;&#41; dos CNa est&#225; inativada&#44; o que impede a passagem de i&#245;es&#46; Assim permanecem at&#233; &#224; repolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana celular&#44; momento em que se recuperam da inativa&#231;&#227;o e ficam novamente dispon&#237;veis para ser ativados durante a fase 4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; durante a fase 2 do PA&#44; uma pequena fra&#231;&#227;o dos CNa &#40;&#60; 1&#37; do total de CNa dispon&#237;veis&#41; pode manter condutibilidade para o Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> e reabrir&#44; persistindo uma pequena I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> denominada <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">late current</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; alguns canais podem reativar durante a fase de repolariza&#231;&#227;o &#40;fase 3&#41;&#44; quando a inativa&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o est&#225; completa mas o PA permite a sua reativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que gera uma corrente denominada <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">window current</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Essa &#250;ltima corresponde a menos de 1&#37; do pico da corrente de s&#243;dio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; A essas duas correntes tem sido atribu&#237;do um papel importante na arritmog&#233;nese ventricular presente em certas patologias card&#237;acas&#44; algumas delas abordadas nesta revis&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;18&#44;22&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em condi&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas&#44; os processos de ativa&#231;&#227;o e inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa s&#227;o estritamente regulados de forma a assegurar a normal atividade el&#233;trica card&#237;aca&#46; As anomalias dos CNa provocam altera&#231;&#245;es importantes na eletrofisiologia card&#237;aca&#44; potenciam a arritmog&#233;nese e podem resultar de altera&#231;&#245;es das propriedades de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> ou da cin&#233;tica da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46; Essas altera&#231;&#245;es modificam a disponibilidade dos canais e a amplitude da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> ou impedem a inativa&#231;&#227;o adequada dos canais&#44; com manuten&#231;&#227;o de uma I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> persistente durante o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">plateau</span> do PA&#46; Assim&#44; a import&#226;ncia dos CNa na excitabilidade card&#237;aca &#233; enfatizada pela ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias potencialmente fatais &#40;por exemplo&#58; taquicardia ventricular e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#41; na presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o de causa heredit&#225;ria ou adquirida desses canais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;21&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#945;</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; o conhecimento acerca da fun&#231;&#227;o do gene SNC5A no n&#237;vel molecular e eletrofisiol&#243;gico foi amplamente alargado e v&#225;rios estudos gen&#233;ticos mostram que muta&#231;&#245;es nesse gene est&#227;o associadas a v&#225;rias doen&#231;as card&#237;acas&#44; nomeadamente arritmias card&#237;acas heredit&#225;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;16&#44;18&#44;21&#44;22&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Na sua maioria&#44; as patologias associadas a muta&#231;&#245;es nos CNa s&#227;o causadas por muta&#231;&#245;es que alteram a permeabilidade do canal ou o processo de gating<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A que levam &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o do CNa Nav1&#46;5 podem ser de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; perda de fun&#231;&#227;o ou ambas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es de perda de fun&#231;&#227;o resultam na diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e associam&#8208;se a SBr&#44; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal &#40;DNS&#41;&#44; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular &#40;FA&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a de Lev&#8208;Len&#233;gre e cardiomiopatia dilatada &#40;CMD&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46; O mecanismo mais frequentemente envolvido &#233; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o resultam num aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e associam&#8208;se a SQTL3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;&#46; Existem tamb&#233;m algumas muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o associadas &#224; FA e &#224; CMD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18</span></a>&#46; O mecanismo mais frequentemente implicado consiste no aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;23</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; existem outros mecanismos&#44; tais como&#58; aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>&#44; diminui&#231;&#227;o da taxa de inativa&#231;&#227;o ou aumento da corrente de janela &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raramente&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es podem originar simultaneamente redu&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> e aumento de I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> e cursam&#44; assim&#44; com perda e ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; respetivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas subunidades &#946;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;1 foram identificadas em pacientes com SBr&#44; FA e doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o &#40;DCC&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Pensa&#8208;se que o mecanismo envolvido nesses fen&#243;tipos curse com diminui&#231;&#227;o da densidade da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> &#40;perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; dado o n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes portadores dessas muta&#231;&#245;es&#44; n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel esclarecer cabalmente o mecanismo envolvido ou a rela&#231;&#227;o gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;23&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia das variantes potencialmente patog&#233;nicas dos genes das subunidades &#946; &#233; semelhante &#224; de outros genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">minor</span> envolvidos na SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; apesar de nos &#250;ltimos anos o conhecimento dos mecanismos subjacentes &#224; SBr incidir sobretudo no gene SCN5A&#44; o rastreio das quatro subunidades &#946; pode conduzir a um aumento potencial do diagn&#243;stico gen&#233;tico dessa s&#237;ndrome at&#233; aproximadamente 5&#44;4&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;1 e &#946;2 est&#227;o associadas &#224; FA e o mecanismo &#233; a altera&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gating</span> e a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;31</span></a>&#46; Em 2011&#44; Olesen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> descreveram muta&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; FA tamb&#233;m na subunidade &#946;3&#46; Essas muta&#231;&#245;es reduzem a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; aumentam a suscetibilidade para FA atrav&#233;s de um de dois mecanismos&#58; atraso da condu&#231;&#227;o ou diminui&#231;&#227;o do per&#237;odo de refratariedade &#40;promove a possibilidade de circuitos de reentrada&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as muta&#231;&#245;es no SCN3B tamb&#233;m se associam &#224; SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#946;4 j&#225; foram descritas na SQTL10&#44; atribuem ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o e o mecanismo mais prov&#225;vel consiste no aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;25&#44;30&#44;33</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas associadas aos canais de s&#243;dio</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os CNa integram&#8208;se num complexo macromolecular ao qual pertencem v&#225;rias prote&#237;nas que participam na ades&#227;o celular&#44; vias da transdu&#231;&#227;o de sinal e citoesqueleto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;11</span></a>&#46; Essas &#250;ltimas encontram&#8208;se ligadas ao CNa direta ou indiretamente e apresentam capacidade para modular a sua express&#227;o&#44; tr&#225;fego e fun&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;19&#44;23</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a disfun&#231;&#227;o dessas prote&#237;nas contribui para a fisiopatologia das canalopatias card&#237;acas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22&#44;23&#44;28</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Muta&#231;&#245;es em v&#225;rias dessas prote&#237;nas associam&#8208;se a SQTL ou SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;22&#44;34&#8211;36</span></a>&#46; A caveolina&#8208;3 &#40;CAV3&#41; &#233; uma prote&#237;na importante no tr&#225;fego de membrana e posicionamento dos canais i&#243;nicos na membrana sarcoplasm&#225;tica&#44; que regula v&#225;rias correntes i&#243;nicas no cora&#231;&#227;o como a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46; A sintrofina &#945;1 &#40;SNTA1&#41; &#233; uma prote&#237;na do citoesqueleto que interage com o CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; As muta&#231;&#245;es com ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o descritas na CAV3 associam&#8208;se a SQTL9&#44; enquanto aquelas descritas na SNTA1 se associam a um fen&#243;tipo semelhante ao da SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;15&#44;22&#44;28&#44;37</span></a>&#46; J&#225; as muta&#231;&#245;es na anquirina&#8208;B&#44; cuja fun&#231;&#227;o &#233; a liga&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;nas de membrana &#224;s estruturas do citoesqueleto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#44; associam&#8208;se a SQTL4&#44; FA&#44; entre outros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene GPD1L&#44; que codifica a desidrogenase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#8208;like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fostato&#44; ou no gene MOG1&#44; que codifica uma mol&#233;cula que afeta o tr&#225;fego de prote&#237;nas&#44; j&#225; foram descritas na SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;15&#44;23&#44;25</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; muta&#231;&#245;es na placofilina&#8208;2&#44; uma prote&#237;na do desmossoma&#44; podem dar origem &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> e&#44; assim&#44; a um fen&#243;tipo similar ao do SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;38&#44;39</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas interatuantes</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabela 4</a> descrevem&#8208;se os diversos fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados a muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes que codificam os CNa e as prote&#237;nas que integram o seu complexo macromolecular&#46; As canalopatias card&#237;acas mais prevalentes s&#227;o a SQTL &#40;1&#58;2500&#41; e a SBr &#40;1&#58;3&#46;300 a 1&#58;10&#46;000&#41; e associam&#8208;se&#44; em parte&#44; &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; seguidamente ser&#227;o abordadas apenas essas duas entidades&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">S&#237;ndrome de Brugada</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome de Brugada &#40;SBr&#41; foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1992 como uma s&#237;ndrome pautada por um padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico t&#237;pico&#44; aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais e hist&#243;ria familiar de morte s&#250;bita&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; progressos foram feitos na compreens&#227;o da sua fisiopatologia e na identifica&#231;&#227;o da sua base gen&#233;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;40&#44;41</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SBr &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome rara&#44; heredit&#225;ria&#44; com uma preval&#234;ncia estimada de 1&#47;3&#46;300 a 1&#47;10&#46; 000&#44; para a qual j&#225; foram descritas diferen&#231;as &#233;tnicas e geogr&#225;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;14&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Afeta adultos relativamente jovens &#40;&#60; 40 anos&#41;&#44; mais frequentemente do sexo masculino&#44; com hist&#243;ria familiar de morte s&#250;bita em 20&#8208;50&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;43&#44;44</span></a>&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; estima&#8208;se que a SBr seja respons&#225;vel por pelo menos 4&#37; de todos os casos de morte s&#250;bita e pelo menos 20&#37; dos casos de morte s&#250;bita em indiv&#237;duos sem altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas estruturais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;45</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais era&#44; classicamente&#44; uma caracter&#237;stica da SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; anomalias estruturais ligeiras nos ventr&#237;culos direito e esquerdo t&#234;m sido descritas em v&#225;rios estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica &#233; muito vari&#225;vel&#46; A maioria dos indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se assintom&#225;tica quando do diagn&#243;stico e esse &#250;ltimo &#233; feito na sequ&#234;ncia de um ECG de rotina em 58&#37; dos casos ou ainda na sequ&#234;ncia de rastreio familiar em 37&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; a MSC pode ser a primeira manifesta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; uma vez que aqueles indiv&#237;duos apresentam risco aumentado para desenvolver taquiarritmias&#44; nomeadamente taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica &#40;TVP&#41; e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;FV&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;47</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estima&#8208;se que a taxa de eventos arr&#237;tmicos por ano em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos seja de cerca de 0&#44;5&#37;&#44; ocorrendo mais frequentemente em repouso e durante o sono&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na presen&#231;a de febre ou ap&#243;s refei&#231;&#245;es abundantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;44&#44;48</span></a>&#46; De facto&#44; a febre &#233; um dos fatores que podem provocar ou exacerbar o padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico da SBr e despoleta arritmias potencialmente fatais em 27&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;49</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico faz&#8208;se atrav&#233;s de crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; presen&#231;a de padr&#227;o t&#237;pico de altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e exclus&#227;o de outras etiologias que podem mimetizar a SBr&#44; nomeadamente por desencadear eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figura 4</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;50&#44;51</span></a>&#46; Testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o com f&#225;rmacos bloqueadores dos CNa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Tabela 5</a>&#41; podem ser feitos para provocar as altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas da SBr &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figura 5</a>&#41;&#44; o que possibilita o diagn&#243;stico naqueles indiv&#237;duos com padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico transit&#243;rio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;41&#44;45&#44;52</span></a>&#46; Nesses casos&#44; pode ser tamb&#233;m usado o Holter&#44; que&#44; atrav&#233;s de uma monitora&#231;&#227;o prolongada&#44; pode permitir fazer o diagn&#243;stico de altera&#231;&#245;es intermitentes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes gen&#233;ticos &#40;abrangentes ou espec&#237;ficos para o gene SCN5A&#41; podem ser &#250;teis para o diagn&#243;stico em qualquer paciente alvo de forte suspeita cl&#237;nica de SBr&#44; de acordo com a hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica e familiar e o ECG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que&#44; ap&#243;s a identifica&#231;&#227;o de uma muta&#231;&#227;o patog&#233;nica num <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caso &#237;ndex</span> de SBr&#44; est&#225; indicado um rastreio gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico nos parentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SBr apresenta uma elevada complexidade gen&#233;tica e existem v&#225;rios genes que podem estar mutados nessa s&#237;ndrome&#44; embora apenas alguns se associem a altera&#231;&#245;es das I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Tabela 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;54&#44;55</span></a>&#46; At&#233; a data foram j&#225; descritas mais de 300 muta&#231;&#245;es que reduzem a amplitude da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> atrav&#233;s de mecanismos diversos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;43&#44;54&#44;56</span></a>&#46; As muta&#231;&#245;es ocorrem mais frequentemente no gene SCN5A&#44; localizam&#8208;se preferencialmente nos segmentos transmembranares S1&#8208;S4 e nos segmentos envolvidos na forma&#231;&#227;o do poro &#40;S5&#8208;S6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;55</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; apenas uma minoria &#40;10&#8208;30&#37;&#41; da totalidade de indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr apresenta positividade para uma muta&#231;&#227;o nesse gene<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;43&#44;56&#8211;58</span></a>&#46; Outros genes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Tabela 6</a>&#41; est&#227;o envolvidos em menos de 5&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efetivamente&#44; apenas 30&#8208;35&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico apresentam tamb&#233;m diagn&#243;stico gen&#233;tico &#40;gen&#243;tipo positivo&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a maioria dos indiv&#237;duos afetados &#40;aproximadamente 65&#37;&#41; permanece geneticamente indeterminada &#40;gen&#243;tipo negativo&#41; e&#44; por esse motivo&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio identificar novos genes de susceptibilidade para SBr<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;56&#44;59</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; o gene SCN10A foi identificado como gene de suscetibilidade para SBr embora a sua verdadeira preval&#234;ncia permane&#231;a por esclarecer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;60</span></a>&#46; O n&#237;vel de express&#227;o e a fun&#231;&#227;o do CNa Nav1&#46;8 no cora&#231;&#227;o permanecem controversos&#46; Contudo&#44; um estudo publicado em 2014 mostra que as variantes desse gene influenciam a dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo PR e QRS&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;FC&#41; e&#44; ainda&#44; o risco de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#225; foram descritas algumas formas recessivas com muta&#231;&#245;es homozig&#243;ticas ou heterozig&#243;ticas compostas&#44; por&#233;m a maioria das muta&#231;&#245;es patog&#233;nicas conhecidas no gene SCN5A apresenta um padr&#227;o de transmiss&#227;o autoss&#243;mico dominante com penetr&#226;ncia vari&#225;vel&#44; frequentemente incompleta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;43&#44;45</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mecanismo mais frequentemente implicado &#233; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> por muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A &#40;perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41; e consequente lentifica&#231;&#227;o da condu&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;60&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; existem diversas hip&#243;teses para os mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos da SBr que envolvem tanto altera&#231;&#245;es da despolariza&#231;&#227;o como da repolariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; essas &#250;ltimas n&#227;o abordadas neste trabalho<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;51&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; o gen&#243;tipo dos indiv&#237;duos com SBr n&#227;o apresenta implica&#231;&#245;es relevantes para o progn&#243;stico ou a terap&#234;utica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">Tabela 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; a sua influ&#234;ncia no risco de arritmias e progn&#243;stico permanece em debate<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; Na verdade&#44; os dados gen&#233;ticos podem constituir uma ferramenta complementar para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nonsense</span>&#44; que originam prote&#237;nas truncadas&#44; t&#234;m sido associadas a pior progn&#243;stico comparativamente a outros tipos de muta&#231;&#245;es com repercuss&#245;es menos marcadas na fun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;43&#44;59&#44;61</span></a>&#46; Um estudo retrospetivo publicado em 2009 mostra que o fen&#243;tipo &#233; mais grave em indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o mais significativa da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> comparativamente a indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es associadas a menor redu&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; O mesmo se verifica quando a muta&#231;&#227;o se localiza numa regi&#227;o transmembranar do CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; Outro estudo publicado em 2013 mostra que diferentes muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A t&#234;m um impacto distinto na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; o que refor&#231;a o papel da caracteriza&#231;&#227;o das muta&#231;&#245;es na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco em parentes n&#227;o afetados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; permanece pouco claro o grau em que diferentes muta&#231;&#245;es conferem risco de eventos arr&#237;tmicos ou MSC e&#44; atualmente&#44; a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco faz&#8208;se somente com par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#250;nico tratamento dispon&#237;vel que provou prevenir a MSC em pacientes com SBr foi a implanta&#231;&#227;o de um cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel &#40;CDI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;9&#44;44&#44;46</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; esse procedimento acarreta um risco consider&#225;vel de complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; que ocorrem em 9&#37; pacientes&#47;ano e que&#44; embora raramente amea&#231;adoras da vida&#44; s&#227;o psicologicamente delet&#233;rias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;54</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa dos riscos &#40;nomeadamente do risco de arritmias&#41; e benef&#237;cios &#233; um processo chave nessa decis&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;54</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo de 2003 em que foram inclu&#237;dos 547 indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr&#44; portadores de padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico diagn&#243;stico e sem MSC &#171;abortada&#187; pr&#233;via&#44; foi feito com vista &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o do valor progn&#243;stico das vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas&#44; eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e eletrofisiol&#243;gicas&#46; Os autores verificaram que o grupo de menor risco &#40;incid&#234;ncia de eventos&#58; 0&#44;5&#37;&#41; se caracteriza pela aus&#234;ncia de epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope&#44; padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico apenas despoletado por f&#225;rmacos antiarr&#237;tmicos e aus&#234;ncia de arritmias durante a estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular programada &#40;EVP&#41;&#46; J&#225; o grupo de maior risco &#40;incid&#234;ncia de eventos&#58; 27&#44;2&#37;&#41; caracteriza&#8208;se por hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope&#44; ECG espontaneamente anormal e presen&#231;a de arritmias induzidas por EVP&#44; sendo que indiv&#237;duos que apresentam indutibilidade de arritmias na EVP t&#234;m um risco seis vezes superior de MSC ou FV durante os dois anos subsequentes&#44; relativamente aos que n&#227;o apresentam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora alguns sejam controversos&#44; os fatores de risco para eventos arr&#237;tmicos s&#227;o v&#225;rios e entre esses os sintomas s&#227;o uns dos mais importantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;46&#44;54&#44;64</span></a>&#46; Com efeito&#44; os indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio de MSC &#171;abortada&#187; apresentam o risco mais elevado e em 60&#37; desses ocorre um novo evento 10 anos ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos com epis&#243;dios de s&#237;ncope t&#234;m uma taxa de eventos arr&#237;tmicos de 1&#44;9&#37;&#47;ano e a presen&#231;a simult&#226;nea de padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico tipo 1 est&#225; associada a mau progn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;54</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; existem outros par&#226;metros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos que se associam a pior progn&#243;stico&#44; como&#44; por exemplo&#44; a presen&#231;a de fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QRS no ECG&#44; identificada em 30&#8208;40&#37; dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">S&#237;ndrome de QT longo</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL cong&#233;nita &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome arritmog&#233;nica de origem gen&#233;tica&#47;heredit&#225;ria&#44; com penetr&#226;ncia incompleta&#44; cuja preval&#234;ncia nos indiv&#237;duos brancos &#233; de 1&#58;2500&#44; um valor muito superior ao anteriormente expect&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;65</span></a>&#46; Representa um grupo heterog&#233;neo de doen&#231;as e&#44; classicamente&#44; &#233; dividida em duas variantes&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Romano&#8208;Ward e s&#237;ndrome de Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">Tabela 8</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;65</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em 1995 e 1996&#44; identificaram&#8208;se os tr&#234;s principais genes que conferem suscetibilidade para SQTL&#58; KCNQ1&#44; KCNH2 e SCN5A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66&#8211;68</span></a>&#46; Esses genes constituem 75&#37; dos casos de SQTL clinicamente definida e os restantes representam&#44; coletivamente&#44; apenas 5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;69</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que a SQTL se associa a altera&#231;&#245;es das correntes de s&#243;dio unicamente nos tipos 3&#44; 9&#44; 10 e 12<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL caracteriza&#8208;se pelo atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; que se traduz eletrocardiograficamente em prolongamento do intervalo QT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;65</span></a>&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT &#233; dependente da inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; cuja altera&#231;&#227;o pode despoletar a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene SCN5A associadas &#224; SQTL3 &#40;ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#41; geralmente afetam a inativa&#231;&#227;o dos CNa&#44; que fica lentificada&#44; inst&#225;vel ou incompleta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Consequentemente&#44; h&#225; um aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> com prolongamento da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana e atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;26&#44;65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Outros mecanismos possivelmente implicados s&#227;o&#58; aumento da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">window current</span>&#44; lentifica&#231;&#227;o da inativa&#231;&#227;o e aumento da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A primeira muta&#231;&#227;o associada &#224; SQTL3 encontra&#8208;se na ansa entre os dom&#237;nios III e IV&#44; correspondente &#224; porta de inativa&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Desde ent&#227;o&#44; m&#250;ltiplas muta&#231;&#245;es que provocam altera&#231;&#245;es da inativa&#231;&#227;o foram j&#225; identificadas e funcionalmente caracterizadas&#44; localizando&#8208;se em variados locais da estrutura do CNa&#44; nomeadamente no terminal C&#44; ao qual tem sido atribu&#237;da uma fun&#231;&#227;o relevante nesse processo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SQTL cong&#233;nita ocorre sobretudo em indiv&#237;duos jovens&#44; saud&#225;veis&#44; sem altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais card&#237;acas concomitantes e associa&#8208;se a um aumento do risco de s&#237;ncope e arritmias card&#237;acas potencialmente fatais como a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Torsade de Pointes</span> &#40;TdP&#41;&#44; que degenera em FV e causa paragem card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;66</span></a>&#46; Na SQTL3 &#40;diferentemente da SQTL1 e SQTL2 &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;&#44; as arritmias ocorrem usualmente em repouso&#44; particularmente durante o sono &#40;frequ&#234;ncias card&#237;acas baixas&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22&#44;43&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que a I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span> &#233; maior em frequ&#234;ncias de est&#237;mulo mais lentas&#44; o que sugere que o grau dessa corrente pode ser um determinante forte para a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O primeiro evento card&#237;aco &#40;mais frequentemente s&#237;ncope&#41; ocorre usualmente em adolescentes &#40;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 anos na SQTL3&#41; e mais precocemente no sexo masculino&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;71</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; em 5&#8208;10&#37; dos casos a MSC &#233; o evento inicial da doen&#231;a e&#44; efetivamente&#44; a SQTL &#233; uma das principais causas de MSC com aut&#243;psia negativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;72</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico baseia&#8208;se sobretudo na hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica e ECG &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0030">Figuras 6 e 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; No ECG&#44; o par&#226;metro mais relevante &#233; o intervalo QT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0045">Tabela 9</a>&#41;&#44; medido desde o in&#237;cio do complexo QRS at&#233; o fim da onda T nas deriva&#231;&#245;es DII e V5 ou V6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65&#44;73</span></a>&#46; Usa&#8208;se o valor mais longo&#44; geralmente corrigido para a FC &#40;QTc&#41; atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula de Bazett &#40;apesar das suas limita&#231;&#245;es para FC particularmente r&#225;pidas ou lentas&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;46&#44;65&#44;73</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0045"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adicionalmente&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio excluir a presen&#231;a de causas secund&#225;rias de prolongamento do intervalo QT &#40;SQTL adquirida&#41;&#44; como&#44; por exemplo&#44; f&#225;rmacos&#44; isquemia do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; cardiomiopatia&#44; hipocalemia&#44; hipomagnesemia&#44; hipotermia&#44; entre outras<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;65</span></a>&#46; Uma vez exclu&#237;das&#44; a presen&#231;a num ECG de repeti&#231;&#227;o de um valor de QTc &#8805;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms &#40;ou entre 480&#8208;499<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms se feito ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio de s&#237;ncope inexplicada&#41; &#233; considerada diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; as SQTL tipos 1&#44; 2 e 3 podem cursar com QTc normal no ECG em repouso em 36&#37;&#44; 19&#37; e 10&#37; dos casos&#44; respetivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi criado um sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o para diagn&#243;stico que tem em conta v&#225;rios par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos e eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e fornece uma probabilidade de SQTL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figura 6</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46&#44;70</span></a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a monitora&#231;&#227;o com Holter e o ECG obtido durante a prova de esfor&#231;o ou ap&#243;s infus&#227;o de adrenalina podem ser &#250;teis em alguns casos particulares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;46&#44;53&#44;65&#44;69</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma vez feito o diagn&#243;stico ou mediante a ocorr&#234;ncia de morte s&#250;bita inexplicada num indiv&#237;duo jovem&#44; os parentes de primeiro grau devem ser rastreados para SQTL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;65&#44;72</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; nos parentes com ECG normal n&#227;o pode ser exclu&#237;da SQTL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; ap&#243;s a identifica&#231;&#227;o de uma muta&#231;&#227;o patog&#233;nica num <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caso &#237;ndex</span>&#44; recomenda&#8208;se que os parentes fa&#231;am um teste gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico para a muta&#231;&#227;o em causa&#44; com vista a identificar indiv&#237;duos portadores com intervalo QT normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;53</span></a>&#46; Tal &#233; importante devido ao risco de arritmias&#44; que se estima ocorrerem em 10&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos portadores assintom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; recomendam&#8208;se testes gen&#233;ticos para SQTL &#40;abrangentes ou espec&#237;ficos para os tr&#234;s principais genes&#41; em qualquer paciente alvo de forte suspeita cl&#237;nica de SQTL &#40;baseada na hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica&#44; familiar e eletrocardiograma&#41; ou&#44; em qualquer paciente assintom&#225;tico com prolongamento do intervalo QT&#44; na aus&#234;ncia de outras condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que possam prolongar esse intervalo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; os testes gen&#233;ticos apresentam um papel relevante n&#227;o s&#243; no diagn&#243;stico da SQTL &#40;nomeadamente&#44; de portadores assintom&#225;ticos&#41; e na exclus&#227;o de doen&#231;a nos parentes de primeiro grau&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; progn&#243;stico e tratamento &#40;de acordo com o gen&#243;tipo &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;69&#44;70&#44;72</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco tem em conta o fen&#243;tipo e o gen&#243;tipo e faz&#8208;se em todos os doentes&#44; com avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas peri&#243;dicas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;65&#44;70</span></a>&#46; O risco difere de acordo com o gen&#243;tipo e&#44; adicionalmente&#44; nos tipos gen&#233;ticos mais comuns &#233; influenciado pelo tipo e local espec&#237;fico das muta&#231;&#245;es&#44; assim como pelo grau de disfun&#231;&#227;o que essas implicam<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;46</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Priori et al&#46; &#40;2003&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a> seguiram 647 indiv&#237;duos com muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes da SQTL tipos 1&#44; 2 e 3&#44; por um per&#237;odo m&#233;dio de 28 anos&#46; Os autores verificaram que 42&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3 desenvolveram um primeiro evento card&#237;aco &#40;ocorr&#234;ncia de s&#237;ncope&#44; paragem card&#237;aca ou MSC&#41; antes de o indiv&#237;duo atingir os 40 anos e de iniciar a terap&#234;utica&#46; A incid&#234;ncia de paragem card&#237;aca ou MSC nos pacientes com SQTL3 foi de 16&#37; e os indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino apresentaram&#8208;se sintom&#225;ticos mais precocemente do que aqueles do sexo feminino&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; dada a pequena amostra do estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel retirar conclus&#245;es desse achado&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os autores verificaram que o intervalo QTc dos pacientes com eventos card&#237;acos foi significativamente mais longo do que o dos pacientes assintom&#225;ticos &#40;subgrupo SQTL3&#58; 523<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 481<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Conclu&#237;ram ainda que apenas um QTc superior a 498<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms est&#225; associado a uma probabilidade marcadamente aumentada de eventos card&#237;acos&#46; Contudo&#44; a percentagem de indiv&#237;duos no subgrupo SQTL3 com intervalo QT normal&#44; portadores de muta&#231;&#227;o silenciosa&#44; foi de 10&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O resultado dos testes gen&#233;ticos &#233; tamb&#233;m importante no tratamento e aconselhamento dos indiv&#237;duos afetados e parentes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figura 7</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Note&#8208;se que&#44; por exemplo&#44; a SQTL1 apresenta maior risco durante a atividade f&#237;sica comparativamente &#224; SQTL2 e SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;74&#44;75</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0050"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mexiletina&#44; a flecainida ou a ranolazina constituem op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas &#171;espec&#237;ficas&#187; para a SQTL3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;&#44; na qual os bloqueadores &#946; podem n&#227;o ser t&#227;o eficazes&#44; pois&#44; nesse tipo&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stress</span> adren&#233;rgico &#233; um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trigger</span> com menor influ&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;43&#44;70&#44;76</span></a>&#46; A mexiletina pode ser usada em adi&#231;&#227;o aos &#946;&#8208;bloqueadores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43&#44;46&#44;50</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; o seu efeito depende do tipo de muta&#231;&#227;o e pode n&#227;o ser ben&#233;fica em todos os indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;12&#44;70</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efetivamente&#44; dos tr&#234;s principais tipos de SQTL&#44; o tipo 3 &#233; o que apresenta maior taxa de recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias em indiv&#237;duos sob tratamento com &#946;&#8208;bloqueadores &#40;10&#8208;15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#46; Tal justifica que indiv&#237;duos com SQTL3 necessitem com maior frequ&#234;ncia de outros procedimentos mais invasivos&#44; como desnerva&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica card&#237;aca esquerda e&#47;ou implanta&#231;&#227;o de CDI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0050">Tabela 10</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As canalopatias card&#237;acas s&#227;o pouco frequentes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica &#40;embora mais comuns do que se pensava&#41;&#44; mas t&#234;m um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e na sobrevida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;13</span></a>&#46; A sua abordagem cl&#237;nica constitui um desafio devido &#224; elevada heterogeneidade cl&#237;nica e gen&#233;tica que as caracteriza<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;76</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0350" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de inicialmente encaradas como entidades cl&#237;nicas separadas com fen&#243;tipos distintos&#44; essas s&#237;ndromes podem apresentar caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e gen&#233;ticas que se sobrep&#245;em &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0040">Figura 8</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; Efetivamente&#44; al&#233;m das muta&#231;&#245;es estritamente de perda ou ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; existe um grande espetro de muta&#231;&#245;es associadas a anomalias diversas com diferentes repercuss&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o dos CNa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; Em alguns casos&#44; uma &#250;nica muta&#231;&#227;o no gene SCN5A pode resultar em m&#250;ltiplos dist&#250;rbios do ritmo e&#44; assim&#44; v&#225;rios fen&#243;tipos podem coexistir na mesma fam&#237;lia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0355" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; recentemente&#44; alguns estudos reportam anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais secund&#225;rias a muta&#231;&#245;es nesse gene &#40;nomeadamente CMD&#41;&#44; embora se desconhe&#231;a o mecanismo subjacente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18&#44;22&#44;77</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0360" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; o poder dos testes gen&#233;ticos para identificar muta&#231;&#245;es &#233; de 25&#37; na SBr e 80&#37; na SQTL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0045">Figura 9</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;78</span></a>&#46; O impacto da gen&#233;tica na abordagem cl&#237;nica varia consideravelmente de acordo com a canalopatia subjacente e &#233; mais marcado na SQTL&#44; na qual se reconhece influ&#234;ncia ao n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; progn&#243;stico e terap&#234;utica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;43&#44;78</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0045"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0365" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grandes progressos t&#234;m sido feitos na compreens&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo e suas implica&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Todavia&#44; apesar da evolu&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento cient&#237;fico nessa &#225;rea&#44; o gen&#243;tipo de um n&#250;mero consider&#225;vel de indiv&#237;duos afetados permanece indeterminado&#44; alguns mecanismos continuam por esclarecer e as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas dispon&#237;veis s&#227;o&#44; ainda&#44; limitadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18&#44;72</span></a>&#46; A melhor compreens&#227;o dos fundamentos moleculares poder&#225; contribuir n&#227;o s&#243; para aprofundar esses &#250;ltimos aspetos&#44; mas tamb&#233;m para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terap&#234;uticas espec&#237;ficas para o gene ou a muta&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1000308"
          "titulo" => "Resumo"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963296"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963297"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1000307"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963298"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "O papel dos canais de s&#243;dio na excitabilidade card&#237;aca"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es na subunidade &#945;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nas subunidades &#946;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas associadas aos canais de s&#243;dio"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas interatuantes"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de Brugada"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de QT longo"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-04-09"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-11-03"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963296"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Muta&#231;&#245;es"
            1 => "Canais de S&#243;dio"
            2 => "Doen&#231;as card&#237;acas"
            3 => "Arritmias card&#237;acas"
            4 => "Morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abreviaturas"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963297"
          "palabras" => array:35 [
            0 => "Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span>"
            1 => "CAV3"
            2 => "CMD"
            3 => "CNa"
            4 => "DCC"
            5 => "ECG"
            6 => "EVP"
            7 => "EEF"
            8 => "FA"
            9 => "FC"
            10 => "FV"
            11 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca</span>"
            12 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K</span>"
            13 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>"
            14 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>  <span class="elsevierStyleInf">pico</span>"
            15 => "I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>  <span class="elsevierStyleInf">tardia</span>"
            16 => "K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>"
            17 => "MS"
            18 => "MSC"
            19 => "ms"
            20 => "Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>"
            21 => "PA"
            22 => "QTc"
            23 => "SBr"
            24 => "SNP"
            25 => "SNTA1"
            26 => "SQTL"
            27 => "SQTL1"
            28 => "SQTL2"
            29 => "SQTL3"
            30 => "SQTC"
            31 => "TdP"
            32 => "TV"
            33 => "TVP"
            34 => "TVPC"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec963298"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Mutations"
            1 => "Sodium channels"
            2 => "Heart diseases"
            3 => "Cardiac arrhythmias"
            4 => "Cardiac sudden death"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A import&#226;ncia dos canais de s&#243;dio para a normal atividade el&#233;trica do cora&#231;&#227;o &#233; enfatizada pelo facto de as muta&#231;&#245;es &#40;heredit&#225;rias ou de novo&#41; nos genes que codificam esses canais ou as prote&#237;nas a esses associadas provocarem s&#237;ndromes arritmog&#233;nicas como a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada e a s&#237;ndrome do QT longo&#46; O objetivo deste trabalho &#233; proceder a uma revis&#227;o bibliogr&#225;fica sobre as muta&#231;&#245;es no complexo dos canais de s&#243;dio respons&#225;veis por doen&#231;a card&#237;aca e as implica&#231;&#245;es da rela&#231;&#227;o estrita entre a gen&#233;tica e a cl&#237;nica das principais canalopatias card&#237;acas&#44; nomeadamente no n&#237;vel do diagn&#243;stico&#44; da estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco&#44; do progn&#243;stico&#44; do rastreio de parentes e terap&#234;utica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi usada a base de dados online Pubmed&#174; para pesquisar os artigos publicados nessa &#225;rea&#44; em revistas indexadas&#46; Recorreu&#8208;se &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MeSH Database</span> para definir a seguinte <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">query</span>&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221; e inclu&#237;ram&#8208;se artigos publicados nos &#250;ltimos 15 anos&#44; escritos em ingl&#234;s ou portugu&#234;s e referentes &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o em humanos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; grandes avan&#231;os foram feitos no esclarecimento da base gen&#233;tica e molecular dessas s&#237;ndromes&#46; A maior compreens&#227;o dos mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos subjacentes demonstrou a import&#226;ncia da rela&#231;&#227;o entre o gen&#243;tipo e o fen&#243;tipo e permitiu efetuar progressos na abordagem cl&#237;nica desses pacientes&#46; Todavia&#44; &#233; ainda necess&#225;rio melhorar a capacidade de diagn&#243;stico&#44; aprimorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e desenvolver novas terap&#234;uticas espec&#237;ficas de acordo com o bin&#243;mio gen&#243;tipo&#8208;fen&#243;tipo&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The importance of sodium channels for the normal electrical activity of the heart is emphasized by the fact that mutations &#40;inherited or de novo&#41; in genes that encode for these channels or their associated proteins cause arrhythmogenic syndromes such as the Brugada syndrome and the long QT syndrome &#40;LQTS&#41;&#46; The aim of this study is to conduct a review of the literature on the mutations in the sodium channel complex responsible for heart disease and the implications of a close relationship between genetics and the clinical aspects of the main cardiac channelopathies&#44; namely at the level of diagnosis&#44; risk stratification&#44; prognosis&#44; screening of family members and treatment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Methods</span><p id="spar0290" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The online Pubmed&#174; database was used to search for articles published in this field in indexed journals&#46; The MeSH database was used to define the following query&#58; &#8220;Mutation &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Sodium Channels &#91;Mesh&#93; AND Heart Diseases &#91;Mesh&#93;&#8221;&#44; and articles published in the last 15 years&#44; written in English or Portuguese and referring to research in human beings were included&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0295" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the past few years&#44; significant advances have been made to clarify the genetic and molecular basis of these syndromes&#46; A greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms showed the importance of the relationship between genotype and phenotype and led to progress in the clinical approach to these patients&#46; However&#44; it is still necessary to improve diagnostic capacity&#44; optimize risk stratification&#44; and develop new specific treatments according to the genotype&#8208;phenotype binomial&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:19 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3493
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 880043
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complexo proteico macromolecular&#44; subunidades &#945; e ciclo de vida dos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> O canal Nav1&#46;5 integra um complexo macromolecular e interatua com diversas prote&#237;nas&#44; entre as quais&#58; subunidades &#946;&#44; caveolina&#8208;3&#44; MOG1&#44; anquirina&#44; sintrofina e citoesqueleto&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> O ciclo de vida do Nav1&#46;5 inicia&#8208;se no n&#250;cleo&#44; onde ocorre a transcri&#231;&#227;o do gene SCN5A e respetiva regula&#231;&#227;o por fatores de transcri&#231;&#227;o &#40;FOXO1&#44; NF&#8208;KB e TBX5&#41;&#46; Contudo&#44; os microRNAs tamb&#233;m regulam os n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; No ret&#237;culo endoplasm&#225;tico ocorre a tradu&#231;&#227;o proteica e&#44; ap&#243;s ocorrer <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">folding</span> apropriado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">assembly</span> de prote&#237;nas&#44; essas s&#227;o transportadas para a membrana celular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span>&#41;&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es ou variantes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> podem levar &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o de uma prote&#237;na Nav1&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">misfolded</span> e pode ser ativada a via PERK com vista ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">down regulation</span> dos seus n&#237;veis de mRNA&#46; A PKA&#44; PKC&#44; o stresse oxidativo &#40;ERO&#41; e os estados metab&#243;licos &#40;NADH e NAD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41; podem modular o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trafficking</span> do canal&#46; O NEDD4 regula a degrada&#231;&#227;o mediada pela ubiquitina&#46; Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAV3&#58; caveolina&#8208;3&#59; ERO&#58; esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#233;nio&#59; FOXO1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forkhead box protein O1</span>&#59; MOG1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ran guanine nucleotide release factor</span>&#59; NaChIP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8208;channel&#8208;interacting protein</span>&#59; NEDD4&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E3 ubiquitin&#8208;protein ligase NEDD4</span>&#59; NF&#8208;&#954;B&#58; factor nuclear NF&#8208;&#954;B&#59; PERK&#58; factor de inicia&#231;&#227;o da tradu&#231;&#227;o eucari&#243;tica 2&#945;&#8208;cinase 3&#59; PKA&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase dependente de AMPc &#40;prote&#237;na c&#237;nase A&#41;&#59; PKC&#58; prote&#237;na c&#237;nase C&#59; TBX5&#58; fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o T&#8208;box TBX5&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1309
            "Ancho" => 2333
            "Tamanyo" => 188137
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fen&#243;tipos cl&#237;nicos associados a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais de s&#243;dio Nav1&#46;5&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Liu et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2147
            "Ancho" => 3083
            "Tamanyo" => 353454
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e das correntes de s&#243;dio associadas a muta&#231;&#245;es nos canais Nav1&#46;5 de ganho e perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A&#41;</span> As muta&#231;&#245;es de ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o associam&#8208;se a um aumento a dura&#231;&#227;o do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e podem desencadear eventos arr&#237;tmicos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">B&#41;</span> V&#225;rios mecanismos podem associar&#8208;se a ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o na corrente de s&#243;dio&#46; O mecanismo mais comum &#233; o aumento da corrente de s&#243;dio tardia &#40;aumento anormalmente sustentado da INa durante a fase 2 do PA com prolongamento da despolariza&#231;&#227;o da membrana e atraso da repolariza&#231;&#227;o&#41; que pode dever&#8208;se a inativa&#231;&#227;o incompleta ou lentificada&#46; Outros mecanismos menos comuns s&#227;o o aumento da corrente janela e o aumento da INa pico &#40;aumento do influxo de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> na fase 0 do PA&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">C&#41;</span> O mecanismo de aumento da corrente de s&#243;dio mais frequentemente resulta da inativa&#231;&#227;o incompleta dos canais de s&#243;dio &#40;c&#237;rculos verdes&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">D&#41;</span> No mecanismo de aumento da corrente da janela &#40;c&#237;rculos verdes&#41;&#44; a inativa&#231;&#227;o ocorre em PA mais positivos&#44; &#171;atrasa&#8208;se&#187; e alarga&#8208;se a amplitude de voltagens durante as quais os CNa podem reativar&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A&#41;</span> Nas muta&#231;&#245;es de perda de fun&#231;&#227;o a diminui&#231;&#227;o do pico da corrente de s&#243;dio diminui a velocidade de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">upstroke</span> da fase 0 do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o e retarda a condu&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica no cora&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Amin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3519
            "Ancho" => 3000
            "Tamanyo" => 662625
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algoritmo diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#46; Existem tr&#234;s padr&#245;es de altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas nas deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas &#40;V1&#8208;V3&#41;&#46; O tipo 1 &#233; considerado diagn&#243;stico&#44; contrariamente aos tipos 2 e 3 &#40;na presen&#231;a dos quais se devem fazer testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o com BCS&#41;&#46; Outras altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas que podem estar presentes no SBr s&#227;o&#58; prolongamento do intervalo PR e bloqueio de ramo direito&#46; O diagn&#243;stico definitivo faz&#8208;se na presen&#231;a de eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST do tipo 1 em pelo menos uma deriva&#231;&#227;o de V1&#8208;V3 e quando se verifica um dos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos apresentados na figura&#46; BCC&#58; bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio&#59; BCS&#58; bloqueadores dos canais de s&#243;dio&#59; Bloq&#46;beta&#58; bloqueadores beta&#59; C&#47;DVDA&#58; cardiomiopatia&#47;displasia ventricular direita arritmog&#233;nica&#59; EAM&#58; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio&#59; ECG&#58; eletrocardiograma&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; HVE&#58; hipertrofia ventricular esquerda&#59; SNA&#58; sistema nervoso aut&#243;nomo&#59; SNC&#58; sistema nervoso central&#59; SSRIs&#58; inibidores seletivos da recapta&#231;&#227;o da serotonina&#59; TEP&#58; tromboembolismo pulmonar&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#59; TSVD&#58; trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito&#59; VD&#58; ventr&#237;culo direito&#46; &#42;Podem desmascarar susceptibilidade gen&#233;tica para SBr&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Berne e Brugada &#40;2012&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2859
            "Ancho" => 2333
            "Tamanyo" => 615090
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Padr&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos de SBr&#58; espont&#226;neos <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1&#41;</span> e ap&#243;s teste de provoca&#231;&#227;o com ajmalina <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;2&#41;</span>&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3472
            "Ancho" => 3167
            "Tamanyo" => 837665
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">S&#237;ndrome do QT longo &#8211; principais caracter&#237;sticas e crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> Sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o usado no diagn&#243;stico da SQTL que se baseia nos achados presentes no ECG&#44; hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica &#40;sintomas&#41; e hist&#243;ria familiar&#46; O QTc &#233; calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Bazett&#46; Pontua&#231;&#227;o&#58; &#8804; 1 &#8211; baixa probabilidade de SQTL&#59; 1&#44;5 a 3 &#8211; probabilidade interm&#233;dia de SQTL&#59; &#8805; 3&#44;5 &#8211; alta probabilidade de SQTL&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de SQTL faz&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com pontua&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 3&#44;5 nos quais n&#227;o se verificam causas secund&#225;rias para o prolongamento do intervalo QT&#46;</p> <p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#9794;&#58; indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino&#59; &#9792;&#58; indiv&#237;duos do sexo feminino&#59; FC&#58; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46;</p> <p id="spar0300" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>Mutualmente exclusivos&#46;</p> <p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>N&#227;o podem ser ambos contabilizados na mesma fam&#237;lia&#46;</p> <p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;FC em repouso abaixo do 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176; percentil para a idade&#46;</p> <p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;&#42;O baixo risco apresentado pelo exerc&#237;cio em pacientes SQTL2 e SQTL3 &#233; explicado pelo facto de que ambos t&#234;m uma corrente normal de IKs&#44; que &#233; estimulada pela ativa&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico&#44; que assim resulta no encurtamento da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular sempre que a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumenta&#44; evita assim a probabilidade de taquiarritmias ventriculares durante o exerc&#237;cio&#46;</p> <p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Furst e Aziz &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a> e &#42;Schwartz et al&#46; &#40;2001&#41;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">74</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Schwartz et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;C&#41;</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;D&#41;</span> Retirado e adaptado de Giudicessi e Ackerman &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3735
            "Ancho" => 2906
            "Tamanyo" => 918002
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abordagem diagn&#243;stica&#44; estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica na s&#237;ndrome do QT&#8208;longo&#46;</p> <p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Giudessi e Ackerman &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1690
            "Ancho" => 2505
            "Tamanyo" => 188402
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagrama ilustrativo do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overlap</span> entre SBr&#44; SQTL&#44; SQTC&#44; DNS&#44; SRP e CAVD&#46; A negrito encontram&#8208;se os genes do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio&#46;</p> <p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAVD&#58; cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito&#59; DNS&#58; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal&#59; SQTC&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT curto&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT longo&#59; SRP&#58; s&#237;ndrome de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce&#46;</p> <p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Sarquella&#8208;Brugada &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> e Fernandez&#8208;Falgueras &#40;2017&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0045"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr9.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 858
            "Ancho" => 1413
            "Tamanyo" => 49037
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Canalopatias card&#237;acas&#58; positividade dos testes gen&#233;ticos em indiv&#237;duos clinicamente diagnosticados com SBr e SQTL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados retirados de Schwartz e Dagradi &#40;2016&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Mizusawa &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span> Imbrici et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e Ackerman et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patologia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genes &#40;&#37; de envolvimento&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preval&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arritmias heredit&#225;rias na aus&#234;ncia de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Brugada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A &#40;20&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;3&#46;300 a 1&#58;10&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome do QT longo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1 &#40;30&#8208;35&#37;&#41;&#44; KCNH2 &#40;25&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&#44; SCN5A &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;2&#46;500<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">RYR2 &#40;60&#8208;65&#37;&#41;&#44; CASQ2 &#40;&#60;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58;10&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome do QT curto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nenhum gene dos 3 conhecidos representa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37; da doen&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nenhum gene dos conhecidos representa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37; da doen&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arritmias heredit&#225;rias na presen&#231;a de anomalias card&#237;acas estruturais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica ventricular direita&#47;displasia ventricular direita arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PKP2 &#40;25&#8208;40&#37;&#41;&#44; DSG2 &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41;&#44; DSP &#40;2&#8208;12&#37;&#41;&#44; DSC2 &#40;2&#8208;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia dilatada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TTN &#40;&#8776;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MYBPC3 &#40;30&#8208;40&#37;&#41;&#44; MYH7 &#40;20&#8208;30&#37;&#41;&#44; TNNT2 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#44; TNNI3 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697833.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Principais genes associados &#224;s arritmias heredit&#225;rias</p>"
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0160" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SNC&#58; sistema nervoso central&#59; SNP&#58; sistema nervoso perif&#233;rico&#46;</p><p id="spar0165" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de England e Groot &#40;2009&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tecido com express&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cromossoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN1A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN2A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q23&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN3A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Musculoesquel&#233;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN4A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17q23&#8208;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cora&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNC e SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN8A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12q13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN9A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN10A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN11A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nav2&#46;1 &#40;Nax&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#233;lulas Glia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN6&#47;7A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2q21&#8208;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697825.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subunidades &#945; dos canais de s&#243;dio</p>"
        ]
      ]
      11 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0175" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shift</span> hiperpolarizante&#59; &#40;&#43;&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shift despolarizante</span>&#59; &#40;&#8593;&#41;&#58; aumento&#59; &#40;&#8595;&#41;&#58; diminui&#231;&#227;o&#59; DCC&#58; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&#59; FA&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; ISS&#58; Inativa&#231;&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">steady&#8208;state</span>&#59;&#216;&#58; falha&#59; P&#46;Ref&#58; per&#237;odo refrat&#225;rio&#59; PD&#46;ST&#58; segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; SMSI&#58; s&#237;ndrome de morte s&#250;bita da inf&#226;ncia&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome do QT Longo&#59; T&#46;Rec&#58; taxa de recupera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0180" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Adsit et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito normal na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muta&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito da muta&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">SCN1B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">&#946;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Trp179X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41;T&#46;Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">E87Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8208;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R85H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; ISS&#44; &#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">D153N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R214Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#216;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&#44; FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN2B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#946;2</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Estado de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sialylation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R28Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar &#40;&#8593;&#41; PR&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; PD&#46;ST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Corrente tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R28W&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#43;&#41; Ativa&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar &#40;&#8593;&#41; PR&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; PD&#46;ST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">SCN3B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#946;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41;T&#46;Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">R6K&#44; L10P e M161T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Misto&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8208;&#41; SSI&#44; &#40;&#8595;&#41; T&#46; Rec&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar<br>SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; P&#46;Ref&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A130V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA familiar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ISS&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">V54G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8595;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trafficking</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FV idiop&#225;tica&#44; SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">P&#46;Ref&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">V36M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN4B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#946;4</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Velocidade do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">upstroke</span> do PA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S206L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">L179F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Corrente janela&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CAV3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Caveolina 3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scaffolding</span><br>&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F97C&#44; S141R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">V14L&#44;T78M e L79R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por fosforila&#231;&#227;o</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A280V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">E83K&#44; I124V&#44; R273C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MOG1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; Densidade de superf&#237;cie<br>&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">E83D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico<br>&#40;&#8595;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trafficking</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SNTA1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina &#945;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scaffolding</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A390V<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S287R&#44; T372M&#44; G460S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico&#44; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&#44; &#40;&#43;&#41; ISS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697830.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0170" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Muta&#231;&#245;es nas prote&#237;nas do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio</p>"
        ]
      ]
      12 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0190" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AV&#58; auriculoventricular&#59; CMD&#58; cardiomiopatia dilatada&#59; DCC&#58; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca da condu&#231;&#227;o&#59; DNS&#58; doen&#231;a do n&#243; sinusal&#59; FA&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; SMSI&#58; s&#237;ndrome da morte s&#250;bita da inf&#226;ncia&#59; SQTL&#58; s&#237;ndrome de QT longo&#46;</p><p id="spar0195" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Wilde e Brugada &#40;2011&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Remme &#40;2013&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Abriel &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> e Adsit et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Altera&#231;&#245;es na I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo &#171;card&#237;aco&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canal de s&#243;dio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="11" align="left" valign="top">SCN5A</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="11" align="left" valign="top">Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">v</span>1&#46;5</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Doen&#231;a de Lev&#8208;Len&#233;gre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> por diferentes mecanismos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueio AV cong&#233;nito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DNS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atrial standstill</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fen&#243;tipos moleculares diferentes e discordantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fen&#243;tipos moleculares diferentes e discordantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CMD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Combina&#231;&#227;o de fen&#243;tipos moleculares presentes noutras entidades cl&#237;nicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ndrome de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overlap</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prote&#237;nas do complexo macromolecular do canal de s&#243;dio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">SCN1B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SCN2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">SCN3B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> pico &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FV idiop&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SCN4B</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;4</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">SNTA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina &#945;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia &#47; &#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MOG1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CAV3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Caveolina&#8208;3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SQTL tipo 9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8593;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span> tardia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GPD1L</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Desidrogenase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#8208;like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBr tipo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8595;&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMSI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PTPH1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tirosina fosf&#225;tase H1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NEDD4L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nedd4&#8208;2&#47;Nedd4&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CALM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CAMK2D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na c&#237;nase 2 delta dependente do c&#225;lcio&#47;calmodulina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAP97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SAP97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">YWHAH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#8208;3&#8208;3&#8208;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGF13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FGF13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANK3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anquirina&#8208;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ACTN2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Actinina &#945;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PKP2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placofilina&#8208;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DSG2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Desmogle&#237;na&#8208;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cardiomiopatia arritmog&#233;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TCAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Teletonina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ZASP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Banda Z&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697824.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0185" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fen&#243;tipos &#171;card&#237;acos&#187; associados a disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas relacionadas</p>"
        ]
      ]
      13 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0205" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EV&#58; endovenosa&#59; VO&#58; via oral&#46;</p><p id="spar0210" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Antzelevitch et al&#46; &#40;2005&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmaco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose e dura&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Via de administra&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ajmalina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1mg&#47;kg durante 5 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Flecainida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">400mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">VO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pilsicainida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Procainamida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10mg&#47;kg durante 10 minutos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697831.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0200" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">F&#225;rmacos usados nos testes de provoca&#231;&#227;o para &#171;desmascarar&#187; a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      14 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at6"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0220" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AD&#58; autoss&#243;mica dominante&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>Placofilina causa d&#233;fice de I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0225" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Sarquella&#8208;Brugada et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Sieira et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> e Juang e Horie &#40;2016&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fen&#243;tipo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Locus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito na fun&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Heredita<br>riedade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de s&#243;dio e prote&#237;nas associadas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#8208;28&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN10A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p22&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;0&#8208;16&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN1B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19q13&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN3B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q24&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GPD1L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Desidrogenase 1&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span> do glicerol&#8208;3&#8208;fosfato&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">RANGRF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17p13&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MOG1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SLMAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3p14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na associada ao sarcolema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PKP2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placofilina 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">D&#233;fice da I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HEY2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6q22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nav1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de c&#225;lcio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA1C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p13&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#945;1c do canal de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNB2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10p12&#46;33&#8208;p12&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#946;2 do canal de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav &#946;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA2D1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7q21&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade &#945;2&#47;&#948;1 do canal de c&#225;lcio dependente de voltagem &#40;Cav&#945;2&#948;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TRPM4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19q13&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canais de pot&#225;ssio</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCND3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1p13&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia D membro 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11q13&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia E membro 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inward rectifier</span> 8 sens&#237;vel ao ATP<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HCN4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15q24&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Potassium&#47;sodium hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Xq22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Canal de pot&#225;ssio dependente de voltagem subfam&#237;lia E <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">regulatory</span> &#946; subunidade 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ligada ao X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNH2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7q35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kv11&#46;1&#44; IKr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#8208;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBr21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ABCC9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12p12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SUR2A &#40;subunidade 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A do recetor da sulfonilureia&#41;&#44; IK&#8208;ATP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8208;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697829.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0215" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genes mutados na s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      15 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at7"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0235" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CDI&#58; cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel&#59; DPCdt&#58; deriva&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;cordiais direitas&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; MSC&#58; morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca&#59; RF&#58; radiofrequ&#234;ncia&#59; SBr&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas gerais de altera&#231;&#227;o do estilo de vida</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar f&#225;rmacos que podem induzir ou agravar a eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST nas DPCdt&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar consumo excessivo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Na presen&#231;a de febre medicar prontamente com f&#225;rmaco antipir&#233;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe Ia&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697832.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e tratamento espec&#237;fico</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos sintom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MSC &#171;abortada&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TV espont&#226;nea documentada&#44; com ou sem s&#237;ncope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV&#47;FV induzidas por EEF</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ncope<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 espont&#226;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Tempestade el&#233;trica&#47;arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Isoprenalina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ECG padr&#227;o tipo 1 induzido por f&#225;rmacos e hist&#243;ria familiar de MSC</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe III&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a><br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos que se qualificam para CDI mas apresentam uma contraindica&#231;&#227;o ou que recusam CDI e&#47;ou apresentam hist&#243;ria de arritmias supraventriculares que necessitam de tratamento</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Quinidina<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr e hist&#243;ria de tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas ou choques de repeti&#231;&#227;o &#40;apropriados&#41; por CDI</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter &#8208; RF<br>&#40;Classe IIb&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697823.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas a SBr podem incluir fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; morte s&#250;bita &#171;abortada&#187;&#44; s&#237;ncope&#44; palpita&#231;&#245;es&#44; desconforto tor&#225;cico e respira&#231;&#227;o ag&#243;nica noturna&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Definida como mais de dois epis&#243;dios de TV&#47;FV em 24 horas&#59;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Pode ser &#250;til para suprimir tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Pode ser &#250;til em indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com SBr e hist&#243;ria de tempestades el&#233;tricas&#47;arr&#237;tmicas&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Adaptado de Priori et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> e Steinfurt et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0230" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da s&#237;ndrome de Brugada</p>"
        ]
      ]
      16 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at8"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0250" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&#58; perda de fun&#231;&#227;o&#59; &#40;&#43;&#41;&#58; ganho de fun&#231;&#227;o&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca&#44;L&#58;</span> correntes de Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> atrav&#233;s dos canais de c&#225;lcio tipo L dependentes da voltagem&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K&#8208;Ach&#58;</span> corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> regulada pelos recetores da acetilcolina&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kl&#58;</span> corrente de entrada de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#44; retificadora&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr&#58;</span> componente r&#225;pido &#40;retifica&#231;&#227;o interna &#8211; canais de K<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>est&#227;o abertos quando um potencial &#233; negativo e fechados quando o potencial &#233; menos negativo ou positivo&#41; da corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delayed rectifier</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&#41;&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks&#58;</span> componente lenta da corrente de K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delayed rectifier</span> &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&#41;&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na&#58;</span> corrente de Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> dependente de voltagem&#59; NCX&#58; trocador Na<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#47; Ca2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#59; SAT&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Andersen&#8208;Tawil&#59; ST&#58; s&#237;ndrome de Timothy&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prote&#237;na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Corrente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efeito na fun&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hereditariedade autoss&#243;mica dominante &#40;Romano&#8208;Ward&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#8208;55&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNH2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#8208;45&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN5A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#8208;10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ANKB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anquirina B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Trocador NCX&#44; ATPase Na<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#47;K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MinK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MiRP1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 7<br>&#40;SAT&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kir2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Kl</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 8<br>&#40;ST&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CACNA1C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>1&#46;2&#945;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ca&#44;L</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CAV3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Caveolina&#8208;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN4B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subunidade&#946;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AKAP9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yotiao&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SNTA1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sintrofina&#8208;&#945;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Na</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNJ5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kir 3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">K&#8208;Ach</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CALM1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Redu&#231;&#227;o da afinidade para o Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SQTL 15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CALM2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calmodulina 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Redu&#231;&#227;o da afinidade para o Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hereditariedade autoss&#243;mica recessiva &#40;Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>JLN1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNQ1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">V</span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>JLN2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">KCNE1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MinK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">Ks</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;&#8208;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Raro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697822.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "&#35;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">As muta&#231;&#245;es no gene KCNE1 podem causar quer a s&#237;ndrome de Romano&#8208;Ward &#40;autoss&#243;mica dominante&#59; SQTL5&#41; quer&#44; se em homozigotia ou heterozigotia composta&#44; a s&#237;ndrome de Jervell e Lange&#8208;Nielsen &#40;autoss&#243;mica recessiva&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">A disfun&#231;&#227;o da calmodulina pode alterar a inativa&#231;&#227;o dos canais de Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> tipo L dependente do Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;aumenta a corrente despolarizante durante a fase 2 do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o&#41; mas algumas muta&#231;&#245;es da calmodulina podem tamb&#233;m associar&#8208;se a altera&#231;&#227;o da regula&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Retirado e adaptado de Nakano e Shimizu &#40;2016&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>Makita et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> e Mizusawa &#40;2014&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0245" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subtipos de SQTL cong&#233;nita</p>"
        ]
      ]
      17 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0045"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at9"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0265" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#9794;&#58; sexo masculino&#59;&#9792;&#58; sexo feminino&#59; FC&#58; Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; RR&#58; intervalo RR&#46;</p><p id="spar0270" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retirado e adaptado de Goldenberg et al&#46; &#40;2006&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&#8208; M&#233;todo de corre&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT &#40;f&#243;rmulas&#41;</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bazett&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT&#47;RR<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fridericia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT&#47;RR<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Framingham&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;154 &#40;1 &#8211; RR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hodges&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;75 &#40;FC &#8211; 60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697834.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&#8208; Valores normais&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e prolongados do QTc calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Bazett&#46;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borderline</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prolongado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1&#8208;15 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>440 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">440&#8208;460 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>460 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Adulto &#40;&#9794;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>430 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">430&#8208;450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Adulto &#40;&#9792;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>450 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">450&#8208;470 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>470 ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697828.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0260" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT</p>"
        ]
      ]
      18 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0050"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 10"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at10"
            "detalle" => "Tabela 1"
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0280" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BCS&#58; bloqueador dos canais de s&#243;dio&#59; CDI&#58; cardioversor desfibrilhador implant&#225;vel&#59; DSCE&#58; desnerva&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica card&#237;aca esquerda&#59; FV&#58; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#59; MSC&#58; morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca&#59; TV&#58; taquicardia ventricular&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas gerais de altera&#231;&#227;o do estilo de vida</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Evitar f&#225;rmacos que prolongam o intervalo QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Identificar e corrigir dist&#250;rbios hidroeletrol&#237;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697827.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco e tratamento espec&#237;fico</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos sintom&#225;ticos</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ncope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QTc &#8805; 470ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TV&#47;FV documentadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">QTc &#8804; 470ms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores &#946;<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MSC &#171;abortada&#187;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#227;o tratados com bloqueadores &#946;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe III&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epis&#243;dios recorrentes de s&#237;ncope durante terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores &#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDI<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos com diagn&#243;stico de SQTL que apresentam eventos durante terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores &#946;&#47; CDI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DSCE<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos de alto risco com diagn&#243;stico de SQTL que recusam CDI ou nos quais esse est&#225; contraindicado e&#47;ou quando os bloqueadores &#946; n&#227;o s&#227;o eficazes a prevenir s&#237;ncope&#47;arritmias&#44; n&#227;o s&#227;o tolerados&#44; est&#227;o contraindicados ou s&#227;o recusados</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DSCE<br>&#40;Classe I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Indiv&#237;duos com SQTL tipo 3 e QTc<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500ms que diminui<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40ms ap&#243;s prova oral aguda com um BCS</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BSC<br>&#40;Classe IIa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1697826.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Exceto em circunst&#226;ncias especiais&#44; o CDI n&#227;o est&#225; indicado em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos n&#227;o submetidos a terap&#234;utica com bloqueadores beta&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Adaptado de Priori et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a></p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0275" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da s&#237;ndrome QT longo</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:78 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A clinical approach to inherited arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.959429"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "581"
                        "paginaFinal" => "590"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inherited disorders of voltage&#8208;gated sodium channels"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI25505"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1990"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1999"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of ion&#8208;channel disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HCO.0b013e328352429d"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "242"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities&#58; Task Force 10&#58; The Cardiac Channelopathies&#58; A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIR.0000000000000246"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e329"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Phenotypical manifestations of mutations in the genes encoding subunits of the cardiac sodium channel"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.238469"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "884"
                        "paginaFinal" => "897"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channelopathy associated with SCN5A mutations&#58; electrophysiological&#44; molecular and genetic aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1113/jphysiol.2013.256461"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Physiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "591"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4099"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4116"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channel mutations&#58; why so many phenotypes&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2014.85"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "607"
                        "paginaFinal" => "615"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome&#58; clinical and genetic findings"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/gim.2015.35"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genet Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0435"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recent advances in genetic testing and counseling for inherited arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joa.2015.12.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Arrhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "389"
                        "paginaFinal" => "397"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0440"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postmortem long QT syndrome genetic testing for sudden unexplained death in the young"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "240"
                        "paginaFinal" => "246"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0445"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ion channel macromolecular complexes in cardiomyocytes&#58; roles in sudden cardiac death"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1971"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1988"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0450"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Therapeutic approaches to genetic ion channelopathies and perspectives in drug discovery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fphar.2016.00121"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Pharmacol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "121"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0455"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of the congenital long&#8208;QT syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.863209"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1761"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1767"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0460"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pathophysiological mechanisms of Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; depolarization disorder&#44; repolarization disorder&#44; or more&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.03.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "paginaFinal" => "378"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0465"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channel Na&#40;v&#41;1&#46;5 and interacting proteins&#58; Physiology and pathophysiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.08.025"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Mol Cell Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0470"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An international compendium of mutations in the SCN5A&#8208;encoded cardiac sodium channel in patients referred for Brugada&#39;s syndrome genetic testing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.09.069"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0475"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhanced classification of Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#8208;associated and long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome&#8208;associated genetic variants in the SCN5A&#8208;encoded Na&#40;v&#41;1&#46;5 cardiac sodium channel"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000831"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "582"
                        "paginaFinal" => "595"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0480"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A and its gene product NaV1&#46;5&#58; Role in physiology and pathophysiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.062"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gene&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "573"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "187"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0485"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Subtype&#8208;selective targeting of voltage&#8208;gated sodium channels"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00437.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Pharmacol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "158"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1425"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0490"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biology of cardiac sodium channel Nav1&#46;5 expression"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cvr/cvr252"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0495"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel &#40;dys&#41;function and cardiac arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00210.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Ther&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "287"
                        "paginaFinal" => "294"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0500"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac sodium channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00424-009-0761-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pflugers Arch&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "460"
                        "paginaInicial" => "223"
                        "paginaFinal" => "237"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0505"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Channelopathies from mutations in the cardiac sodium channel protein complex"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Mol Cell Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0510"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac Na<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>current regulation by pyridine nucleotides"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.197277"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "737"
                        "paginaFinal" => "745"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0515"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel mutations and arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2009.44"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0520"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perturbation of sodium channel structure by an inherited long QT&#39;s syndrome mutation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ncomms1717"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Commun&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0525"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Late sodium current in human atrial cardiomyocytes from patients in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0131432"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e0131432"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0530"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics and cardiac channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181d81636"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genet Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "260"
                        "paginaFinal" => "267"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0535"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN1B gene variants in Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; a study of 145 SCN5A&#8208;negative patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/srep06470"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sci Rep&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6470"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0540"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contribution of cardiac sodium channel beta&#8208;subunit variants to Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0164"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2129"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0545"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in sodium channel beta1&#8208; and beta2&#8208;subunits associated with atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.108.779181"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "268"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0550"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in sodium channel beta&#8208;subunit SCN3B are associated with early&#8208;onset lone atrial fibrillation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cvr/cvq348"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "786"
                        "paginaFinal" => "793"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0555"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN4B&#8208;encoded sodium channel beta4 subunit in congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.659086"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "134"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0560"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/jhg.2015.74"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hum Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "51"
                        "paginaFinal" => "55"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0565"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac channelopathies and sudden death&#58; recent clinical and genetic advances"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/bs6040028"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biology &#40;Basel&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "1&#46;"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0570"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Novel calmodulin mutations associated with congenital arrhythmia susceptibility"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000459"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "466"
                        "paginaFinal" => "474"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0575"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutant caveolin&#8208;3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635268"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2104"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2112"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0580"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desmosomes and the sodium channel complex&#58; implications for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tcm.2014.02.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trends Cardiovasc Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "184"
                        "paginaFinal" => "190"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0585"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Missense mutations in plakophilin&#8208;2 cause sodium current deficit and associate with a Brugada&#39;s syndrome phenotype"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003077"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1092"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1103"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0590"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; More than 20 years of scientific excitement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.08.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "215"
                        "paginaFinal" => "220"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0595"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Right bundle branch block&#44; persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death&#58; a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome&#46; A multicenter report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1391"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1396"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0600"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pcad.2008.05.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Cardiovasc Dis&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0605"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of genetics on the clinical management of channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0610"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long&#8208;term prognosis of patients diagnosed with Brugada1s syndrome&#58; Results from the FINGER Brugada&#39;s Syndrome Registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887026"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "635"
                        "paginaFinal" => "643"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0615"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada syndrome&#58; report of the second consensus conference&#58; endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.CIR.0000152479.54298.51"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "659"
                        "paginaFinal" => "670"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0620"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HRS&#47;EHRA&#47;APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes&#58; document endorsed by HRS&#44; EHRA&#44; and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.05.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AHA&#44; PACES&#44; and AEPC in June 2013&#46; Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1932"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1963"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0625"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Right bundle&#8208;branch block and ST&#8208;segment elevation in leads V1 through V3&#58; a marker for sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "457"
                        "paginaFinal" => "460"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0630"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asymptomatic Brugada&#39;s syndrome&#58; clinical characterization and long&#8208;term prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.114.003044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1144"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1150"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0635"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of clinical and genetic findings on the management of young patients with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1274"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1282"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0640"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Suppl 2&#58;ii1&#8208;6"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inherited ion channel diseases&#58; a brief review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Europace&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0645"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brugada&#39;s syndrome 2012"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1571"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0650"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST&#8208;segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "510"
                        "paginaFinal" => "515"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0655"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HRS&#47;EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies this document was developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society &#40;HRS&#41; and the European Heart Rhythm Association &#40;EHRA&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.05.020"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1339"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0660"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pathogenesis and management of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2016.143"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "744"
                        "paginaFinal" => "756"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0665"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Spectrum and prevalence of mutations involving BrS1&#8208; through BrS12&#8208;susceptibility genes in a cohort of unrelated patients referred for Brugada&#39;s syndrome genetic testing&#58; implications for genetic testing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.037"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1410"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1418"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0670"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutations in SCN10A are responsible for a large fraction of cases of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "paginaFinal" => "79"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0675"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN5A mutations and the role of genetic background in the pathophysiology of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.853374"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "552"
                        "paginaFinal" => "557"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0680"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A study of the SCN5A gene in a cohort of 76 patients with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/cge.12017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "530"
                        "paginaFinal" => "538"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0685"
              "etiqueta" => "59"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Commentary on the Brugada ECG pattern&#58; a marker of channelopathy&#44; structural heart disease&#44; or neither&#63; Toward a unifying mechanism of the Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.110.957258"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "280"
                        "paginaFinal" => "282"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0690"
              "etiqueta" => "60"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joa.2016.07.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Arrhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "418"
                        "paginaFinal" => "425"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0695"
              "etiqueta" => "61"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Type of SCN5A mutation determines clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss&#8208;of&#8208;function sodium channelopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.11.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart Rhythm&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "348"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0700"
              "etiqueta" => "62"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characterization and mechanisms of action of novel NaV1&#46;5 channel mutations associated with Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCEP.112.974220"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "184"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0705"
              "etiqueta" => "63"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada&#39;s syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.CIR.0000104568.13957.4F"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3092"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3096"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0710"
              "etiqueta" => "64"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The diagnosis&#44; risk&#44; and stratification and treatment of Brugada&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3238/arztebl.2015.0394"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dtsch Arztebl Int&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "394"
                        "paginaFinal" => "401"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0715"
              "etiqueta" => "65"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long QT syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.068"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2291"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2300"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0720"
              "etiqueta" => "66"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia&#44; long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "811"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0725"
              "etiqueta" => "67"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A molecular basis for cardiac arrhythmia&#58; HERG mutations cause long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "795"
                        "paginaFinal" => "803"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0730"
              "etiqueta" => "68"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Positional cloning of a novel potassium channel gene&#58; KVLQT1 mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ng0196-17"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Genet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0735"
              "etiqueta" => "69"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic and clinical advances in congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2827"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2833"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            69 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0740"
              "etiqueta" => "70"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genotype&#8208; and phenotype&#8208;guided management of congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2013.08.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Probl Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "417"
                        "paginaFinal" => "455"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            70 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0745"
              "etiqueta" => "71"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk stratification in the long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa022147"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "348"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1866"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1874"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            71 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0750"
              "etiqueta" => "72"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The congenital long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndromes from genotype to phenotype&#58; clinical implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01583.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Intern Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "259"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "47"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            72 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0755"
              "etiqueta" => "73"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "QT interval&#58; how to measure it and what is &#8220;normal&#8221;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00408.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "333"
                        "paginaFinal" => "336"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            73 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0760"
              "etiqueta" => "74"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genotype&#8208;phenotype correlation in the long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome&#58; gene&#8208;specific triggers for life&#8208;threatening arrhythmias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            74 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0765"
              "etiqueta" => "75"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The evolution of sports participation guidelines and the influence of genotype&#8208;phenotype correlation in long&#8208;QT&#39;s syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tcm.2016.04.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trends Cardiovasc Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "690"
                        "paginaFinal" => "697"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            75 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0770"
              "etiqueta" => "76"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic testing for potentially lethal&#44; highly treatable inherited cardiomyopathies&#47;channelopathies in clinical practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914838"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "123"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1021"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1037"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            76 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0775"
              "etiqueta" => "77"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of mutations in the SCN5A gene in cardiomyopathies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.014"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biochim Biophys Acta&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "1863"
                        "numero" => "7 Pt B"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1805"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            77 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0780"
              "etiqueta" => "78"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of survivors of cardiac arrest &#8211; The importance of genetic investigation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrcardio.2016.104"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "560"
                        "paginaFinal" => "566"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117302688/v1_201803150415/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "45101"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigo de Revis&#227;o"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003700000002/v1_201803150415/S0870255117302688/v1_201803150415/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302688?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Informação do artigo
ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Português
Dados atualizados diariamente
Ano/Mês Html Pdf Total
2024 Novembro 53 17 70
2024 Outubro 269 85 354
2024 Setembro 358 58 416
2024 Agosto 306 128 434
2024 Julho 245 48 293
2024 Junho 221 32 253
2024 Maio 194 60 254
2024 Abril 203 54 257
2024 Maro 232 74 306
2024 Fevereiro 168 67 235
2024 Janeiro 171 50 221
2023 Dezembro 189 42 231
2023 Novembro 344 57 401
2023 Outubro 366 64 430
2023 Setembro 346 58 404
2023 Agosto 312 51 363
2023 Julho 226 67 293
2023 Junho 228 38 266
2023 Maio 346 79 425
2023 Abril 283 41 324
2023 Maro 412 75 487
2023 Fevereiro 307 61 368
2023 Janeiro 198 44 242
2022 Dezembro 266 67 333
2022 Novembro 505 76 581
2022 Outubro 379 56 435
2022 Setembro 458 83 541
2022 Agosto 347 50 397
2022 Julho 281 93 374
2022 Junho 311 73 384
2022 Maio 259 62 321
2022 Abril 413 81 494
2022 Maro 407 159 566
2022 Fevereiro 230 87 317
2022 Janeiro 264 90 354
2021 Dezembro 307 63 370
2021 Novembro 337 81 418
2021 Outubro 480 120 600
2021 Setembro 369 108 477
2021 Agosto 325 117 442
2021 Julho 212 79 291
2021 Junho 321 116 437
2021 Maio 314 88 402
2021 Abril 814 139 953
2021 Maro 526 133 659
2021 Fevereiro 229 58 287
2021 Janeiro 200 50 250
2020 Dezembro 265 50 315
2020 Novembro 223 52 275
2020 Outubro 291 56 347
2020 Setembro 343 70 413
2020 Agosto 241 19 260
2020 Julho 225 32 257
2020 Junho 241 26 267
2020 Maio 231 34 265
2020 Abril 485 39 524
2020 Maro 355 32 387
2020 Fevereiro 293 58 351
2020 Janeiro 174 30 204
2019 Dezembro 162 14 176
2019 Novembro 255 29 284
2019 Outubro 391 45 436
2019 Setembro 259 26 285
2019 Agosto 169 37 206
2019 Julho 133 25 158
2019 Junho 166 40 206
2019 Maio 234 34 268
2019 Abril 243 32 275
2019 Maro 380 33 413
2019 Fevereiro 115 14 129
2019 Janeiro 122 7 129
2018 Dezembro 114 17 131
2018 Novembro 150 26 176
2018 Outubro 144 29 173
2018 Setembro 112 20 132
2018 Agosto 175 29 204
2018 Julho 151 17 168
2018 Junho 225 23 248
2018 Maio 152 28 180
2018 Abril 150 60 210
2018 Maro 117 79 196
Mostrar tudo

Siga este link para acessar o texto completo do artigo

Idiomas
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
en pt

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Ao assinalar que é «Profissional de Saúde», declara conhecer e aceitar que a responsável pelo tratamento dos dados pessoais dos utilizadores da página de internet da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (RPC), é esta entidade, com sede no Campo Grande, n.º 28, 13.º, 1700-093 Lisboa, com os telefones 217 970 685 e 217 817 630, fax 217 931 095 e com o endereço de correio eletrónico revista@spc.pt. Declaro para todos os fins, que assumo inteira responsabilidade pela veracidade e exatidão da afirmação aqui fornecida.