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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac and pericardial tumors are rare entities with an autopsy frequency of 0&#46;001-0&#46;03&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Metastases to the heart and pericardium are much more common &#40;100-1000 times&#41; than primary tumors&#44; with the underlying malignant origin&#44; in most cases&#44; being carcinoma of the lung&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Primary cardiac tumors present with one or more symptoms of the classic triad of cardiac symptoms and signs resulting from intracardiac obstruction&#44; signs of systemic embolization&#44; and systemic or constitutional symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Unlike primary malignant cardiac tumors&#44; which account for up to 25&#37; of cases&#44; malignant pericardial mesotheliomas account for up to 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46; The mean age of presentation is 46 years and they are twice as common in males than in females&#46; We present the case of a patient with a primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian woman with a previous history of hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia and a left total hip replacement&#46; She was medicated with lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide&#44; bisoprolol and atorvastatin&#46; Additionally&#44; she was recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and was on warfarin&#46; She had no previous symptoms of cardiac disease&#46; She went to the emergency department of the local hospital due to nonspecific thoracic discomfort and malaise of over six hours duration associated with an episode of syncope&#46; She also reported dyspnea on moderate exertion of two weeks duration&#46; A complete blood count &#40;CBC&#41; and biochemistry revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia&#44; with no other changes&#46; The patient denied other signs or symptoms&#46; Physical examination revealed a low-amplitude arrhythmic pulse&#44; no heart murmurs and no signs of pulmonary congestion&#44; blood pressure of 95&#47;56 mmHg&#44; heart rate of 101 beats per minute&#44; and peripheral oxygen saturation of 85&#37;&#46; The CBC revealed anemia &#40;Hg 8&#46;9 g&#47;dl&#41; and thrombocytopenia &#40;80 000 U&#47;l&#41;&#46; Biochemistry results revealed elevated serum cardiac troponin I &#40;0&#46;9 ng&#47;ml&#59; normal &#60;0&#46;04 ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; A chest X-ray revealed a cardiothoracic index of &#62;50&#37; with widening of the mediastinum&#46; The ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with ST-segment elevation in V2-V6&#44; I and aVL&#46; The patient was immediately transferred to a tertiary centre for emergent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed a long stenosis of 50&#37; in the mid-distal portion of the left anterior descending artery &#40;with TIMI 3 flow&#41; and a focal 30&#37; stenosis in the mid segment of the right coronary artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Left ventriculography revealed a hyperkinetic left ventricle and apical akinesia but otherwise normal systolic function&#46; In the minutes after cardiac catheterization&#44; the patient developed hypotension &#40;systolic blood pressure of 85-90 mmHg&#41; and slight chest discomfort persisted&#46; An echocardiogram was performed and revealed a large pericardial effusion with diffuse thickening of the myocardium&#44; mainly in the anterolateral wall and apex&#44; which was assumed to be adherent fibrin &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; Due to worsening hemodynamic status and echocardiographic findings in a patient with chest pain&#44; ST-elevation on the ECG and elevated cardiac troponin&#44; cardiac rupture was suspected and the patient underwent urgent sternotomy and pericardiotomy with drainage of a large quantity of bloody fluid followed by hemodynamic recovery&#46; The surgeons then identified a large unresectable tumor occupying the distal half of the anterior portion of the heart&#44; which was biopsied &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#46; The patient was admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit and was extubated on day 2 after surgery&#44; and was then transferred to an intermediate care unit&#44; with a favorable clinical status&#46; A cervical-thoraco-abdominal-pelvic computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan was performed that identified myocardial tumor infiltration &#40;measuring 6 cm&#215;7 cm&#215;11 cm&#41; and pulmonary&#44; cervical and abdominal wall metastases&#46; The pathological study revealed a malignant mesothelioma&#46; The immunohistochemical study documented diffuse expression of AE1&#47;AE3&#44; vimentin and MDM2 in tumor cells and focal expression of calretinin&#44; EMA&#44; podoplanin&#44; desmin and p53 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figure 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An oncological group meeting decided to start chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin on the eighth day of hospitalization&#46; The patient was transferred to the medical oncology department after 14 days of hospitalization &#40;sixth day of chemotherapy&#41;&#46; She remained clinically stable but showed a gradual deterioration in her general condition&#44; with anorexia and asthenia&#44; and died suddenly on the 30th day of hospitalization&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is&#44; to our knowledge&#44; the first case report of primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac tumors are rare entities&#44; with an estimated prevalence of 0&#46;001-0&#46;056&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a> Primary pericardial tumors are even rarer&#44; with an estimated prevalence of 0&#46;001-0&#46;007&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These can be benign &#40;teratoma&#44; fibroma&#44; angioma&#44; lipoma&#41; or malignant &#40;mesothelioma&#44; sarcoma&#41;&#46; Pericardial mesothelioma is extremely rare&#44; although it is the most common primary malignant pericardial tumor&#44; accounting for 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46; Its incidence was 0&#46;0022&#37; among 500 000 cases in a large necropsy study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Metastatic tumors are much more common&#44; arising mostly from the lung&#44; breast&#44; skin or blood &#40;lymphoma or leukemia&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;6</span></a> Age at presentation ranges from 2 to 78 years and they are more frequent in men &#40;2&#58;1 male to female ratio&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Common clinical manifestations of pericardial mesothelioma include heart failure &#40;due to cardiac tamponade&#44; constrictive pericarditis and in some cases myocardial infiltration&#41;&#59; pericardial effusion and ischemic cardiac pain &#40;angina&#41; may also be present due to coronary artery compression by the tumor&#46; The onset of symptoms is usually insidious&#46; Distant metastasis&#44; conduction block due to myocardial infiltration and tumor embolism causing neurological deficits have also been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pericardial mesotheliomas usually grow as a bulky mass that encircles the heart with few foci of myocardial infiltration&#46; Magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; and CT are useful in showing the extent of involvement of contiguous structures and the degree of constriction&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In several case reports the most common mode of presentation of pericardial mesothelioma was the development of pericarditis that evolved to constrictive pericarditis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> sometimes associated with a circumferential pericardial effusion for which diagnostic pericardiocentesis was not conclusive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In the case presented&#44; the clinical presentation was sudden&#44; mimicking an anterior wall STEMI&#46; The suspicion of left ventricular rupture was founded on the observation of a pericardial effusion&#44; with a suspected large quantity of fibrin adjacent to the myocardium&#44; associated with hypotension&#44; indicating cardiac tamponade&#46; As previously described&#44; the sensitivity of echocardiography in the identification of pericardial mesothelioma is low&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and CT scanning and MRI are preferable since these techniques not only detect invasion of adjacent structures and the presence of metastases but also&#44; in the case of MRI&#44; can assess the presence of constriction and ventricular dysfunction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this case&#44; direct observation of the tumor led to biopsy and the final diagnosis&#46; At the histological level&#44; pericardial and pleural mesotheliomas are similar&#46; The tumor cells can have three distinct patterns&#58; &#40;1&#41; predominance of epithelioid cells&#59; &#40;2&#41; predominance of fibrous &#40;spindle&#41; cells&#59; and &#40;3&#41; mixed-type &#40;which was the pattern observed in this case&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Unlike pleural mesothelioma&#44; which has a well-established association with previous exposure to asbestos&#44; in pericardial mesothelioma this association is less strong&#44; and our patient had no history of present or past contact with asbestos products&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These are highly malignant tumors and when diagnosed are usually already at an advanced stage&#46; Mesotheliomas respond poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is usually employed to reduce tumor mass&#46; Resection may be curative but only in small&#44; localized tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Surgical intervention in pericardial mesothelioma is primarily for effusion control&#44; for cytoreduction before multimodal therapy&#44; or to deliver and monitor innovative intrapericardial therapies&#46; Chemotherapy and pericardiotomy &#40;for prevention of cardiac tamponade and relief of constriction&#41; are the bases of palliative care&#46; A pericardial window can be formed to introduce chemotherapeutic agents&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regards to prognosis&#44; survival is extremely low&#44; between 3&#46;5 and 6 months after diagnosis&#46; The most common causes of death are cardiac tamponade and heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac and pericardial tumors are rare entities with an autopsy frequency of 0&#46;001-0&#46;03&#37;&#46; Metastases to the heart and pericardium are much more common than primary tumors&#46; Malignant pericardial mesotheliomas account for up to 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation who went to the emergency department due to nonspecific thoracic discomfort of over six hours duration associated with syncope&#46; Physical examination revealed a low-amplitude arrhythmic pulse&#44; no heart murmurs and no signs of pulmonary congestion&#46; The ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with ST-segment elevation in V2-V6&#44; I and aVL&#46; The patient was transferred for emergent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed a long stenosis in the mid-distal portion of the left anterior descending artery&#46; The echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion with diffuse thickening of the myocardium&#46; Due to worsening hemodynamics&#44; cardiac rupture was suspected and the patient underwent urgent sternotomy and pericardiotomy with drainage of a large quantity of hematic fluid&#46; The surgeons then identified a large&#44; unresectable tumor occupying the distal half of the anterior portion of the heart&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is&#44; to our knowledge&#44; the first case report of primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46; In this case&#44; direct observation of the tumor led to biopsy and the final diagnosis&#46; These are highly malignant tumors and when diagnosed are usually already at an advanced stage&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os tumores prim&#225;rios do cora&#231;&#227;o e peric&#225;rdio s&#227;o entidades raras&#44; com uma frequ&#234;ncia estimada em aut&#243;psias de 0&#44;001-0&#44;03&#37;&#46; A metastiza&#231;&#227;o do cora&#231;&#227;o e peric&#225;rdio &#233; muito mais comum do que os tumores prim&#225;rios&#46; O mesotelioma maligno do peric&#225;rdio pode atingir 50&#37; dos casos de tumores prim&#225;rios do peric&#225;rdio&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mulher de 75 anos&#44; com hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; dislipidemia e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#46; Recorreu ao servi&#231;o de urg&#234;ncia por desconforto tor&#225;cico inespec&#237;fico&#44; com mais de seis horas de dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; associado a s&#237;ncope&#46; No exame objetivo foi detetado pulso arr&#237;tmico de baixa amplitude&#44; aus&#234;ncia de sons card&#237;acos&#44; sem sinais de congest&#227;o pulmonar&#46; O ECG mostrou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular e eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST em V2-V6&#44; I e aVL&#46; A doente foi transferida para angiografia coron&#225;ria urgente&#44; que mostrou estenose na por&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dio-distal da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda&#46; O ecocardiograma revelou derrame peric&#225;rdico de grande volume com espessamento difuso do mioc&#225;rdio&#46; Devido a agravamento hemodin&#226;mico&#44; houve suspeita de rutura card&#237;aca e a doente foi submetida a esternotomia e pericardiotomia emergentes&#44; com drenagem de grande quantidade de l&#237;quido hem&#225;tico&#46; Foi observada exist&#234;ncia de volumoso tumor irressec&#225;vel&#44; ocupando a metade distal da face anterior do cora&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O nosso caso &#233; o primeiro&#44; de que temos conhecimento&#44; que descreve um caso de mesotelioma do peric&#225;rdio prim&#225;rio que se apresenta como suspeita inicial de enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio com supra-ST&#46; Neste caso&#44; a observa&#231;&#227;o direta do tumor permitiu a realiza&#231;&#227;o de biopsia e o diagn&#243;stico final&#46; Estes tumores s&#227;o altamente malignos e&#44; quando diagnosticados&#44; est&#227;o habitualmente num est&#225;dio avan&#231;ado&#46;</p></span>"
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Case report
Pericardial mesothelioma presenting as a suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Apresentação de mesotelioma do pericárdio como suspeita de enfarte agudo do miocárdio com elevação de ST
Ana Sofia Barrosoa,
Autor para correspondência
anasofiapbarroso@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sérgio Leiteb, Fernando Friõesa, Mariana Vasconcelosb, Daniela Azevedoc, Helena Baldaiad, Mário Jorge Amorime, Paula Diasa
a Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
b Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
c Serviço de Oncologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
d Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
e Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary angiography revealing a long 50&#37; stenosis in the mid-distal portion of the left anterior descending artery and a 30&#37; focal stenosis in the mid segment of the right coronary artery&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac and pericardial tumors are rare entities with an autopsy frequency of 0&#46;001-0&#46;03&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Metastases to the heart and pericardium are much more common &#40;100-1000 times&#41; than primary tumors&#44; with the underlying malignant origin&#44; in most cases&#44; being carcinoma of the lung&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Primary cardiac tumors present with one or more symptoms of the classic triad of cardiac symptoms and signs resulting from intracardiac obstruction&#44; signs of systemic embolization&#44; and systemic or constitutional symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Unlike primary malignant cardiac tumors&#44; which account for up to 25&#37; of cases&#44; malignant pericardial mesotheliomas account for up to 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46; The mean age of presentation is 46 years and they are twice as common in males than in females&#46; We present the case of a patient with a primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian woman with a previous history of hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia and a left total hip replacement&#46; She was medicated with lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide&#44; bisoprolol and atorvastatin&#46; Additionally&#44; she was recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and was on warfarin&#46; She had no previous symptoms of cardiac disease&#46; She went to the emergency department of the local hospital due to nonspecific thoracic discomfort and malaise of over six hours duration associated with an episode of syncope&#46; She also reported dyspnea on moderate exertion of two weeks duration&#46; A complete blood count &#40;CBC&#41; and biochemistry revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia&#44; with no other changes&#46; The patient denied other signs or symptoms&#46; Physical examination revealed a low-amplitude arrhythmic pulse&#44; no heart murmurs and no signs of pulmonary congestion&#44; blood pressure of 95&#47;56 mmHg&#44; heart rate of 101 beats per minute&#44; and peripheral oxygen saturation of 85&#37;&#46; The CBC revealed anemia &#40;Hg 8&#46;9 g&#47;dl&#41; and thrombocytopenia &#40;80 000 U&#47;l&#41;&#46; Biochemistry results revealed elevated serum cardiac troponin I &#40;0&#46;9 ng&#47;ml&#59; normal &#60;0&#46;04 ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; A chest X-ray revealed a cardiothoracic index of &#62;50&#37; with widening of the mediastinum&#46; The ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with ST-segment elevation in V2-V6&#44; I and aVL&#46; The patient was immediately transferred to a tertiary centre for emergent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed a long stenosis of 50&#37; in the mid-distal portion of the left anterior descending artery &#40;with TIMI 3 flow&#41; and a focal 30&#37; stenosis in the mid segment of the right coronary artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Left ventriculography revealed a hyperkinetic left ventricle and apical akinesia but otherwise normal systolic function&#46; In the minutes after cardiac catheterization&#44; the patient developed hypotension &#40;systolic blood pressure of 85-90 mmHg&#41; and slight chest discomfort persisted&#46; An echocardiogram was performed and revealed a large pericardial effusion with diffuse thickening of the myocardium&#44; mainly in the anterolateral wall and apex&#44; which was assumed to be adherent fibrin &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; Due to worsening hemodynamic status and echocardiographic findings in a patient with chest pain&#44; ST-elevation on the ECG and elevated cardiac troponin&#44; cardiac rupture was suspected and the patient underwent urgent sternotomy and pericardiotomy with drainage of a large quantity of bloody fluid followed by hemodynamic recovery&#46; The surgeons then identified a large unresectable tumor occupying the distal half of the anterior portion of the heart&#44; which was biopsied &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#46; The patient was admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit and was extubated on day 2 after surgery&#44; and was then transferred to an intermediate care unit&#44; with a favorable clinical status&#46; A cervical-thoraco-abdominal-pelvic computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan was performed that identified myocardial tumor infiltration &#40;measuring 6 cm&#215;7 cm&#215;11 cm&#41; and pulmonary&#44; cervical and abdominal wall metastases&#46; The pathological study revealed a malignant mesothelioma&#46; The immunohistochemical study documented diffuse expression of AE1&#47;AE3&#44; vimentin and MDM2 in tumor cells and focal expression of calretinin&#44; EMA&#44; podoplanin&#44; desmin and p53 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figure 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An oncological group meeting decided to start chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin on the eighth day of hospitalization&#46; The patient was transferred to the medical oncology department after 14 days of hospitalization &#40;sixth day of chemotherapy&#41;&#46; She remained clinically stable but showed a gradual deterioration in her general condition&#44; with anorexia and asthenia&#44; and died suddenly on the 30th day of hospitalization&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is&#44; to our knowledge&#44; the first case report of primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac tumors are rare entities&#44; with an estimated prevalence of 0&#46;001-0&#46;056&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a> Primary pericardial tumors are even rarer&#44; with an estimated prevalence of 0&#46;001-0&#46;007&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These can be benign &#40;teratoma&#44; fibroma&#44; angioma&#44; lipoma&#41; or malignant &#40;mesothelioma&#44; sarcoma&#41;&#46; Pericardial mesothelioma is extremely rare&#44; although it is the most common primary malignant pericardial tumor&#44; accounting for 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46; Its incidence was 0&#46;0022&#37; among 500 000 cases in a large necropsy study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Metastatic tumors are much more common&#44; arising mostly from the lung&#44; breast&#44; skin or blood &#40;lymphoma or leukemia&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;6</span></a> Age at presentation ranges from 2 to 78 years and they are more frequent in men &#40;2&#58;1 male to female ratio&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Common clinical manifestations of pericardial mesothelioma include heart failure &#40;due to cardiac tamponade&#44; constrictive pericarditis and in some cases myocardial infiltration&#41;&#59; pericardial effusion and ischemic cardiac pain &#40;angina&#41; may also be present due to coronary artery compression by the tumor&#46; The onset of symptoms is usually insidious&#46; Distant metastasis&#44; conduction block due to myocardial infiltration and tumor embolism causing neurological deficits have also been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pericardial mesotheliomas usually grow as a bulky mass that encircles the heart with few foci of myocardial infiltration&#46; Magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; and CT are useful in showing the extent of involvement of contiguous structures and the degree of constriction&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In several case reports the most common mode of presentation of pericardial mesothelioma was the development of pericarditis that evolved to constrictive pericarditis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> sometimes associated with a circumferential pericardial effusion for which diagnostic pericardiocentesis was not conclusive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In the case presented&#44; the clinical presentation was sudden&#44; mimicking an anterior wall STEMI&#46; The suspicion of left ventricular rupture was founded on the observation of a pericardial effusion&#44; with a suspected large quantity of fibrin adjacent to the myocardium&#44; associated with hypotension&#44; indicating cardiac tamponade&#46; As previously described&#44; the sensitivity of echocardiography in the identification of pericardial mesothelioma is low&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and CT scanning and MRI are preferable since these techniques not only detect invasion of adjacent structures and the presence of metastases but also&#44; in the case of MRI&#44; can assess the presence of constriction and ventricular dysfunction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this case&#44; direct observation of the tumor led to biopsy and the final diagnosis&#46; At the histological level&#44; pericardial and pleural mesotheliomas are similar&#46; The tumor cells can have three distinct patterns&#58; &#40;1&#41; predominance of epithelioid cells&#59; &#40;2&#41; predominance of fibrous &#40;spindle&#41; cells&#59; and &#40;3&#41; mixed-type &#40;which was the pattern observed in this case&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Unlike pleural mesothelioma&#44; which has a well-established association with previous exposure to asbestos&#44; in pericardial mesothelioma this association is less strong&#44; and our patient had no history of present or past contact with asbestos products&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These are highly malignant tumors and when diagnosed are usually already at an advanced stage&#46; Mesotheliomas respond poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is usually employed to reduce tumor mass&#46; Resection may be curative but only in small&#44; localized tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Surgical intervention in pericardial mesothelioma is primarily for effusion control&#44; for cytoreduction before multimodal therapy&#44; or to deliver and monitor innovative intrapericardial therapies&#46; Chemotherapy and pericardiotomy &#40;for prevention of cardiac tamponade and relief of constriction&#41; are the bases of palliative care&#46; A pericardial window can be formed to introduce chemotherapeutic agents&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regards to prognosis&#44; survival is extremely low&#44; between 3&#46;5 and 6 months after diagnosis&#46; The most common causes of death are cardiac tamponade and heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Primary cardiac and pericardial tumors are rare entities with an autopsy frequency of 0&#46;001-0&#46;03&#37;&#46; Metastases to the heart and pericardium are much more common than primary tumors&#46; Malignant pericardial mesotheliomas account for up to 50&#37; of primary pericardial tumors&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation who went to the emergency department due to nonspecific thoracic discomfort of over six hours duration associated with syncope&#46; Physical examination revealed a low-amplitude arrhythmic pulse&#44; no heart murmurs and no signs of pulmonary congestion&#46; The ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with ST-segment elevation in V2-V6&#44; I and aVL&#46; The patient was transferred for emergent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed a long stenosis in the mid-distal portion of the left anterior descending artery&#46; The echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion with diffuse thickening of the myocardium&#46; Due to worsening hemodynamics&#44; cardiac rupture was suspected and the patient underwent urgent sternotomy and pericardiotomy with drainage of a large quantity of hematic fluid&#46; The surgeons then identified a large&#44; unresectable tumor occupying the distal half of the anterior portion of the heart&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is&#44; to our knowledge&#44; the first case report of primary pericardial mesothelioma presenting with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46; In this case&#44; direct observation of the tumor led to biopsy and the final diagnosis&#46; These are highly malignant tumors and when diagnosed are usually already at an advanced stage&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os tumores prim&#225;rios do cora&#231;&#227;o e peric&#225;rdio s&#227;o entidades raras&#44; com uma frequ&#234;ncia estimada em aut&#243;psias de 0&#44;001-0&#44;03&#37;&#46; A metastiza&#231;&#227;o do cora&#231;&#227;o e peric&#225;rdio &#233; muito mais comum do que os tumores prim&#225;rios&#46; O mesotelioma maligno do peric&#225;rdio pode atingir 50&#37; dos casos de tumores prim&#225;rios do peric&#225;rdio&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mulher de 75 anos&#44; com hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; dislipidemia e fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#46; Recorreu ao servi&#231;o de urg&#234;ncia por desconforto tor&#225;cico inespec&#237;fico&#44; com mais de seis horas de dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; associado a s&#237;ncope&#46; No exame objetivo foi detetado pulso arr&#237;tmico de baixa amplitude&#44; aus&#234;ncia de sons card&#237;acos&#44; sem sinais de congest&#227;o pulmonar&#46; O ECG mostrou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular e eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST em V2-V6&#44; I e aVL&#46; A doente foi transferida para angiografia coron&#225;ria urgente&#44; que mostrou estenose na por&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dio-distal da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda&#46; O ecocardiograma revelou derrame peric&#225;rdico de grande volume com espessamento difuso do mioc&#225;rdio&#46; Devido a agravamento hemodin&#226;mico&#44; houve suspeita de rutura card&#237;aca e a doente foi submetida a esternotomia e pericardiotomia emergentes&#44; com drenagem de grande quantidade de l&#237;quido hem&#225;tico&#46; Foi observada exist&#234;ncia de volumoso tumor irressec&#225;vel&#44; ocupando a metade distal da face anterior do cora&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O nosso caso &#233; o primeiro&#44; de que temos conhecimento&#44; que descreve um caso de mesotelioma do peric&#225;rdio prim&#225;rio que se apresenta como suspeita inicial de enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio com supra-ST&#46; Neste caso&#44; a observa&#231;&#227;o direta do tumor permitiu a realiza&#231;&#227;o de biopsia e o diagn&#243;stico final&#46; Estes tumores s&#227;o altamente malignos e&#44; quando diagnosticados&#44; est&#227;o habitualmente num est&#225;dio avan&#231;ado&#46;</p></span>"
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2023 Dezembro 21 21 42
2023 Novembro 34 23 57
2023 Outubro 42 21 63
2023 Setembro 56 19 75
2023 Agosto 28 12 40
2023 Julho 33 18 51
2023 Junho 40 15 55
2023 Maio 39 22 61
2023 Abril 29 6 35
2023 Maro 36 23 59
2023 Fevereiro 35 22 57
2023 Janeiro 28 11 39
2022 Dezembro 36 15 51
2022 Novembro 42 25 67
2022 Outubro 46 17 63
2022 Setembro 43 35 78
2022 Agosto 39 35 74
2022 Julho 58 30 88
2022 Junho 37 15 52
2022 Maio 43 29 72
2022 Abril 115 38 153
2022 Maro 54 50 104
2022 Fevereiro 42 25 67
2022 Janeiro 39 24 63
2021 Dezembro 50 29 79
2021 Novembro 64 38 102
2021 Outubro 57 41 98
2021 Setembro 32 33 65
2021 Agosto 47 41 88
2021 Julho 24 26 50
2021 Junho 38 24 62
2021 Maio 49 39 88
2021 Abril 55 42 97
2021 Maro 68 25 93
2021 Fevereiro 60 18 78
2021 Janeiro 47 13 60
2020 Dezembro 57 14 71
2020 Novembro 45 17 62
2020 Outubro 48 21 69
2020 Setembro 72 12 84
2020 Agosto 41 7 48
2020 Julho 51 30 81
2020 Junho 45 14 59
2020 Maio 50 5 55
2020 Abril 44 11 55
2020 Maro 41 14 55
2020 Fevereiro 219 25 244
2020 Janeiro 34 10 44
2019 Dezembro 51 15 66
2019 Novembro 58 10 68
2019 Outubro 46 8 54
2019 Setembro 64 4 68
2019 Agosto 54 9 63
2019 Julho 48 13 61
2019 Junho 62 15 77
2019 Maio 71 14 85
2019 Abril 51 23 74
2019 Maro 102 8 110
2019 Fevereiro 66 10 76
2019 Janeiro 41 3 44
2018 Dezembro 48 16 64
2018 Novembro 118 11 129
2018 Outubro 274 22 296
2018 Setembro 74 15 89
2018 Agosto 33 14 47
2018 Julho 19 8 27
2018 Junho 45 9 54
2018 Maio 55 8 63
2018 Abril 66 10 76
2018 Maro 102 12 114
2018 Fevereiro 54 5 59
2018 Janeiro 77 15 92
2017 Dezembro 141 21 162
2017 Novembro 49 24 73
2017 Outubro 26 7 33
2017 Setembro 27 16 43
2017 Agosto 27 14 41
2017 Julho 23 17 40
2017 Junho 65 27 92
2017 Maio 79 49 128
2017 Abril 78 47 125
2017 Maro 5 12 17
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