Case report
Single coronary artery presenting as acute myocardial infarction
Artéria coronária única associada a um enfarte agudo do miocárdio
Alfonso Jurado-Román
, Ignacio Sánchez-Pérez, Fernando Lozano-Ruíz-Poveda, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, María T. López-Lluva, Andrea Moreno-Arciniegas, Manuel Marina-Breysse, Jesús Piqueras-Flores
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Interventional Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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López-Lluva, Andrea Moreno-Arciniegas, Manuel Marina-Breysse, Jesús Piqueras-Flores" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Alfonso" "apellidos" => "Jurado-Román" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "alfonsojuradoroman@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ignacio" "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "Lozano-Ruíz-Poveda" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natalia" "apellidos" => "Pinilla-Echeverri" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María T." "apellidos" => "López-Lluva" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andrea" "apellidos" => "Moreno-Arciniegas" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Marina-Breysse" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jesús" "apellidos" => "Piqueras-Flores" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Interventional Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Artéria coronária única associada a um enfarte agudo do miocárdio" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2245 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 498001 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A and B) Coronary angiography showing a single coronary artery (SCA) originating from the right coronary sinus, also supplying the territory of the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (CX) arteries, and thrombotic occlusion of an acute marginal branch (A, arrow); (C) primary percutaneous coronary intervention recovering distal TIMI 3 flow in the culprit vessel (arrow); (D and E) multislice computed tomography reconstruction. After its origin, the main trunk of the SCA crosses the base of the heart to supply the contralateral coronary artery. Immediately after the origin of this main trunk, it also gives off a small vessel that reaches the anterior interventricular sulcus anteriorly to the aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) to supply the proximal LAD territory.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a 51-year-old male with hypertension and dyslipidemia admitted to a regional hospital for chest pain at rest. The initial electrocardiogram showed a 1.5 mm ST-segment depression. Initial laboratory tests showed mild troponin elevation. Antithrombotic treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel and enoxaparin was administered and intravenous nitroglycerin achieved pain relief and normalization of the electrocardiogram. With a diagnosis of high-risk non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, according to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> an early invasive strategy was planned with coronary angiography within 24 hours of hospital admission. Suddenly, four hours after admission, the patient experienced cardiac arrest in ventricular fibrillation. Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed and after five defibrillations, he recovered sinus rhythm with inferior ST elevation. The patient was transferred to our center for primary percutaneous coronary intervention.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On coronary angiography, a single coronary artery (SCA) originating from the right coronary sinus was observed, which also supplied the territory of the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (CX) arteries (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>A and B; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0045">videos 1 and 2</a>). An acute marginal branch had a thrombotic occlusion (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>A; arrow). The acute occlusion was easily crossed with a Runthrough NS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> floppy guidewire. Thromboaspiration was attempted but it was impossible to advance the aspiration catheter due to the diffuse disease of the vessel. Simple angioplasty with a semicompliant balloon (2 mm×15 mm) was therefore performed, with recovery of TIMI 3 distal flow (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>C; arrow). We decided not to implant a stent because of diffuse disease and the small diameter of the vessel.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient evolved well and was promptly extubated. In order to confirm the origin and course of the SCA, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was performed. It confirmed the existence of an SCA originating from the right sinus. Immediately after the origin of this main trunk, it gave off a small vessel that reached the anterior interventricular sulcus anteriorly to the aorta and pulmonary artery (proximal LAD territory) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>D). The single common trunk, 7 mm in diameter at its proximal segment, had numerous calcified plaques along its route without significant stenosis. A large left posterolateral branch followed the left atrioventricular groove supplying the nominal CX territory (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>E). Finally, the SCA gave rise to a distal branch on the distal anterior wall of the left ventricle, completing the irrigation of the LAD territory. Given these findings, the SCA was classified as RII-A subtype according to Lipton's classification. Due to the non-malignant course of the SCA, the patient was discharged under medical therapy consisting of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) for 12 months, atorvastatin, metoprolol and enalapril. After one year of clinical follow-up, he remains asymptomatic, with no further adverse events.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An SCA, defined as an artery that arises from an arterial trunk of a coronary sinus and irrigates the entire myocardium, is one of the most rarely seen coronary artery anomalies (CAA), with an incidence of 0.05%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> The prognosis of patients with SCA varies according to its anatomic distribution and associated coronary atherosclerosis. The majority of these anomalies are diagnosed as incidental findings on coronary angiography. However, 20% of cases are associated with life-threatening symptoms, such as arrhythmias, syncope, myocardial infarction, or sudden death (SD).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> SCAs were classified by Lipton et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> according to the site of origin (right or left coronary sinus of Valsalva), the anatomical distribution on the ventricular surface, and the relationship with the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery. In patients with an SCA and an intra-arterial course, SD may occur when the SCA is compressed between the aorta and pulmonary artery during vigorous exercise.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary angiography is the gold standard for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, in the case of CAA, further evaluation by MSCT is recommended to determine the course of the anomaly and prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge this case is the first reported in the literature describing a patient with an RII-A subtype SCA presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. It should be borne in mind that coronary atherosclerosis is common in CAA, and that its clinical presentation can be as stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Even after a malignant interarterial course of the SCA is excluded, cardiac arrest is a possible clinical presentation produced by myocardial ischemia in the context of an ACS and should be managed according to clinical practice guidelines.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres799812" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec798321" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres799811" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec798322" "titulo" => "Palavras chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-12-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-03-08" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec798321" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Single coronary artery" 1 => "Myocardial infarction" 2 => "Cardiac arrest" 3 => "Multislice computed tomography" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec798322" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Artéria coronária única" 1 => "Enfarte do miocárdio" 2 => "Paragem cardíaca" 3 => "Tomografia computorizada multislice" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A single coronary artery is one of the most rarely seen coronary artery anomalies. In addition, the specific subtype (Lipton RII-A) that our patient presented is one of the least common, and its clinical presentation as myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest has not been described in the literature. The case shows that although it is essential to exclude a malignant interarterial course of the vessel, cardiac arrest is a possible clinical presentation produced by myocardial ischemia in the context of acute myocardial infarction and should be managed according to clinical practice guidelines.</p></span>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma artéria coronária única é uma das anomalias mais raras das artérias coronárias. Além disso, o subtipo específico (Lipton R-IIA) presente no nosso doente é um dos menos frequentes e a sua apresentação clínica como enfarte do miocárdio e como paragem cardíaca não foi ainda descrita na literatura. O caso mostra que, embora o descarte de um percurso interarterial maligno do vaso seja essencial, a paragem cardíaca é uma apresentação clínica possível causada por isquemia do miocárdio no cenário de um enfarte agudo do miocárdio, que deverá ser tratada de acordo com as recomendações práticas clínicas.</p></span>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0010"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary material" "identificador" => "sec0045" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2245 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 498001 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A and B) Coronary angiography showing a single coronary artery (SCA) originating from the right coronary sinus, also supplying the territory of the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (CX) arteries, and thrombotic occlusion of an acute marginal branch (A, arrow); (C) primary percutaneous coronary intervention recovering distal TIMI 3 flow in the culprit vessel (arrow); (D and E) multislice computed tomography reconstruction. After its origin, the main trunk of the SCA crosses the base of the heart to supply the contralateral coronary artery. Immediately after the origin of this main trunk, it also gives off a small vessel that reaches the anterior interventricular sulcus anteriorly to the aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) to supply the proximal LAD territory.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "etiqueta" => "Video 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:3 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.mp4" "ficheroTamanyo" => 2425432 "Video" => array:2 [ "mp4" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.m4v" "poster" => "mmc1.jpg" ] "flv" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.flv" "poster" => "mmc1.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary angiography (left anterior oblique view).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "upi0010" "etiqueta" => "Video 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:3 [ "fichero" => "mmc2.mp4" "ficheroTamanyo" => 2912206 "Video" => array:2 [ "mp4" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc2.m4v" "poster" => "mmc2.jpg" ] "flv" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc2.flv" "poster" => "mmc2.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary angiography (cranial view).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. 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| Ano/Mês | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
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| 2024 Julho | 43 | 39 | 82 |
| 2024 Junho | 53 | 39 | 92 |
| 2024 Maio | 61 | 28 | 89 |
| 2024 Abril | 63 | 31 | 94 |
| 2024 Maro | 66 | 26 | 92 |
| 2024 Fevereiro | 53 | 21 | 74 |
| 2024 Janeiro | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2023 Dezembro | 53 | 31 | 84 |
| 2023 Novembro | 60 | 42 | 102 |
| 2023 Outubro | 31 | 20 | 51 |
| 2023 Setembro | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2023 Agosto | 35 | 27 | 62 |
| 2023 Julho | 45 | 13 | 58 |
| 2023 Junho | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2023 Maio | 46 | 28 | 74 |
| 2023 Abril | 36 | 3 | 39 |
| 2023 Maro | 50 | 23 | 73 |
| 2023 Fevereiro | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2023 Janeiro | 36 | 21 | 57 |
| 2022 Dezembro | 42 | 23 | 65 |
| 2022 Novembro | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| 2022 Outubro | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2022 Setembro | 33 | 24 | 57 |
| 2022 Agosto | 33 | 39 | 72 |
| 2022 Julho | 46 | 45 | 91 |
| 2022 Junho | 24 | 20 | 44 |
| 2022 Maio | 38 | 30 | 68 |
| 2022 Abril | 31 | 23 | 54 |
| 2022 Maro | 32 | 33 | 65 |
| 2022 Fevereiro | 26 | 36 | 62 |
| 2022 Janeiro | 42 | 21 | 63 |
| 2021 Dezembro | 31 | 29 | 60 |
| 2021 Novembro | 30 | 39 | 69 |
| 2021 Outubro | 39 | 46 | 85 |
| 2021 Setembro | 33 | 22 | 55 |
| 2021 Agosto | 52 | 30 | 82 |
| 2021 Julho | 38 | 20 | 58 |
| 2021 Junho | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2021 Maio | 51 | 31 | 82 |
| 2021 Abril | 60 | 33 | 93 |
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| 2020 Novembro | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2020 Outubro | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2020 Setembro | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2020 Agosto | 40 | 12 | 52 |
| 2020 Julho | 54 | 15 | 69 |
| 2020 Junho | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2020 Maio | 56 | 12 | 68 |
| 2020 Abril | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2020 Maro | 50 | 13 | 63 |
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| 2019 Novembro | 35 | 11 | 46 |
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| 2019 Setembro | 37 | 11 | 48 |
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| 2019 Maio | 27 | 14 | 41 |
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| 2019 Maro | 55 | 9 | 64 |
| 2019 Fevereiro | 65 | 11 | 76 |
| 2019 Janeiro | 95 | 6 | 101 |
| 2018 Dezembro | 89 | 11 | 100 |
| 2018 Novembro | 49 | 7 | 56 |
| 2018 Outubro | 85 | 11 | 96 |
| 2018 Setembro | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| 2018 Agosto | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2018 Julho | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2018 Junho | 42 | 4 | 46 |
| 2018 Maio | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2018 Abril | 58 | 4 | 62 |
| 2018 Maro | 113 | 11 | 124 |
| 2018 Fevereiro | 41 | 4 | 45 |
| 2018 Janeiro | 73 | 10 | 83 |
| 2017 Dezembro | 65 | 7 | 72 |
| 2017 Novembro | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2017 Outubro | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2017 Setembro | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2017 Agosto | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2017 Julho | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2017 Junho | 34 | 15 | 49 |
| 2017 Maio | 56 | 23 | 79 |
| 2017 Abril | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2017 Maro | 47 | 19 | 66 |
| 2017 Fevereiro | 74 | 55 | 129 |
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