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who had HF with preserved ejection fraction &#40;HFpEF&#41; and acute pulmonary edema &#40;APE&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An 80-year-old female patient&#44; with a previous diagnosis of hypertension and HFpEF&#44; was hospitalized with dry cough&#44; progressive dyspnea on exertion&#44; New York Heart Association &#40;NYHA&#41; functional class III&#47;IV&#44; orthopnea and lower limb edema&#46; She also reported moderate atypical chest pain and dysphagia for solids&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On physical examination&#44; blood pressure was 162&#47;82 mmHg&#59; heart rate was 88 bpm and respiratory rate was 27 ipm&#46; Pathological jugular venous distention was present&#46; The patient had a regular heart rhythm&#44; with no murmurs&#59; fine crackles in both lung bases and bilateral lower limb edema &#40;&#43;&#43;&#47;4&#43;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Complete right bundle branch block was observed on the electrocardiogram&#46; Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly&#44; mediastinal widening&#44; and left pleural effusion that resolved with medical treatment&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular ejection fraction of 72&#37;&#44; increased LA&#44; TAA diameter of 7&#46;2 cm&#44; moderate pericardial effusion with no signs of restriction&#44; and left pleural effusion&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twelve hours after admission she progressed with APE&#44; which was controlled with medication&#46; Seventy-two hours later she had atrial fibrillation without hemodynamic impairment&#46; Clinical improvement occurred following drug treatment and she was discharged in NYHA class II&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Echocardiogram one week later showed giant TAA with left atrial compression&#44; diastolic dysfunction and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction&#44; without pericardial or pleural effusion&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chest angiography was performed and revealed a giant 8&#46;3&#215;7&#46;7-cm TAA&#44; which compressed the right pulmonary artery&#44; the left and right atriums&#44; the right ventricle and the esophagus&#44; without any evidence of dissection &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0015">Figures 3 and 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Her clinical status significantly improved after administration of carvedilol&#44; enalapril and furosemide&#46; Correcting the TAA surgically was proposed&#59; however&#44; the patient and her family opted for conservative treatment&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ascending aorta measures about 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in length and is connected to the right with the superior vena cava and right atrium&#59; to the left with the pulmonary artery and posteriorly to the left atrium and the right pulmonary artery&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The compression of surrounding structures&#44; particularly the LA&#44; rarely causes hemodynamic effects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The few reports of HF caused by TAA are mainly associated with aneurysms with dissection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#8211;5</span></a> TAA complications are related to the compression of neighboring structures or a dissecting aneurysm&#46; A large ascending aortic aneurysm can compress vessels&#44; leading to hypertension and pulmonary edema&#44; as in this patient&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HFpEF management has limitations related to comorbidities and the lack of strong evidence for specific treatment&#46; It is reasonable to assume that AF triggered the HF decompensation&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this case&#44; it is important to note that there was no aneurysm dissection&#44; clinical status stabilized and functional class improved with pharmacological treatment&#46; Furthermore&#44; it is worth highlighting that this is an unusual and unexpected cause of HF symptoms&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aneurysm repair surgery was not performed due to a shared decision between the patient&#44; her family and the physician&#44; prioritizing the patient&#39;s quality of life&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case report
Left atrium and pulmonary artery compression due to aortic aneurysm causing heart failure symptoms
Compressão do átrio esquerdo e artéria pulmonar por um aneurisma da aorta causando sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca
Antonio José Lagoeiro Jorge
Autor para correspondência
lagoeiro@globo.com

Corresponding author.
, Wolney de Andrade Martins, Victor M. Moutinho, Juliano M. Rezende, Patricia Y. Alves, Humberto Villacorta, Pedro F. Silveira, Antonio A. Couto
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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who had HF with preserved ejection fraction &#40;HFpEF&#41; and acute pulmonary edema &#40;APE&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An 80-year-old female patient&#44; with a previous diagnosis of hypertension and HFpEF&#44; was hospitalized with dry cough&#44; progressive dyspnea on exertion&#44; New York Heart Association &#40;NYHA&#41; functional class III&#47;IV&#44; orthopnea and lower limb edema&#46; She also reported moderate atypical chest pain and dysphagia for solids&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On physical examination&#44; blood pressure was 162&#47;82 mmHg&#59; heart rate was 88 bpm and respiratory rate was 27 ipm&#46; Pathological jugular venous distention was present&#46; The patient had a regular heart rhythm&#44; with no murmurs&#59; fine crackles in both lung bases and bilateral lower limb edema &#40;&#43;&#43;&#47;4&#43;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Complete right bundle branch block was observed on the electrocardiogram&#46; Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly&#44; mediastinal widening&#44; and left pleural effusion that resolved with medical treatment&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular ejection fraction of 72&#37;&#44; increased LA&#44; TAA diameter of 7&#46;2 cm&#44; moderate pericardial effusion with no signs of restriction&#44; and left pleural effusion&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twelve hours after admission she progressed with APE&#44; which was controlled with medication&#46; Seventy-two hours later she had atrial fibrillation without hemodynamic impairment&#46; Clinical improvement occurred following drug treatment and she was discharged in NYHA class II&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Echocardiogram one week later showed giant TAA with left atrial compression&#44; diastolic dysfunction and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction&#44; without pericardial or pleural effusion&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chest angiography was performed and revealed a giant 8&#46;3&#215;7&#46;7-cm TAA&#44; which compressed the right pulmonary artery&#44; the left and right atriums&#44; the right ventricle and the esophagus&#44; without any evidence of dissection &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0015">Figures 3 and 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Her clinical status significantly improved after administration of carvedilol&#44; enalapril and furosemide&#46; Correcting the TAA surgically was proposed&#59; however&#44; the patient and her family opted for conservative treatment&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ascending aorta measures about 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in length and is connected to the right with the superior vena cava and right atrium&#59; 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ISSN: 08702551
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