Right atrial deformation analysis in isolated left ventricular noncompaction – insights from the three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study

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Apical 4-chamber (A) and 2-chamber (B) views and parasternal short-axis views at basal (C3), mid-atrial (C5) and superior (C7) right atrial level are displayed. Right atrial volumetric data and three-dimensional right atrial cast together with time-global volume (dashed line) and segmental time-longitudinal strain (colored lines) curves are also demonstrated. The method presented allows automatic measurement of peak strains (white arrow) and strains at atrial contraction (dashed arrow). 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array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Attila" "apellidos" => "Nemes" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nemes.attila@med.u-szeged.hu" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Péter" "apellidos" => "Domsik" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Anita" "apellidos" => "Kalapos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Henriette" "apellidos" => "Gavallér" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mónika" "apellidos" => "Oszlánczi" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tamás" "apellidos" => "Forster" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Centre, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análise da mecânica auricular direita por estudo ecocardiográfico de speckle-tracking tridimensional, no ventrículo esquerdo não compactado isolado – estudo MAGYAR-Path" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 887 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 118254 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Images from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived full-volume dataset. Apical 4-chamber (A) and 2-chamber (B) views and parasternal short-axis views at basal (C3), mid-atrial (C5) and superior (C7) right atrial level are displayed. Right atrial volumetric data and three-dimensional right atrial cast together with time-global volume (dashed line) and segmental time-longitudinal strain (colored lines) curves are also demonstrated. The method presented allows automatic measurement of peak strains (white arrow) and strains at atrial contraction (dashed arrow). EDV: end-diastolic volume; ESV: end-systolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionIsolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by a prominent trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular recesses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">1–3</a> The disorder seems to occur because of an arrest of the normal compaction process in myocardial development during the first trimester. The classic triad of ILVNC-related complications are heart failure, arrhythmias, and systemic embolic events. Although the usual site of involvement is the left ventricle (LV), the right ventricle (or both) are also affected in some cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">4,5</a> Due to atrioventricular interactions, left atrial (LA) function may show alterations, as has been demonstrated in ILVNC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">6</a> However, no clinical studies on right atrial (RA) function have been performed in series of patients with ILVNC. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine RA volumes, volume-based functional properties and strains by three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in ILVNC patients.MethodsStudy populationThe study population consisted of 13 patients with ILVNC from the Cardiology Center of the University of Szeged, Hungary, and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers, who served as normal controls. All patients and controls were in sinus rhythm and all were examined by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE. The echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for ILVNC of Jenni et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">1</a> were used:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">(1)Segmental and excessive thickening of the LV wall with a two-layered structure, consisting of a thin, compacted epicardial layer and a thicker, noncompacted layer. The latter has a characteristic appearance with numerous prominent trabeculations (meshwork) and deep intertrabecular recesses. LV thickening is predominant in the apical, mid-lateral, and mid-inferior walls.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">(2)A noncompacted/compacted myocardial thickness ratio >2 measured at maximal thickness in end-systole in parasternal short-axis view.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">(3)Evidence of deeply perfused intertrabecular recesses communicating with the LV cavity by color Doppler echocardiography.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">(4)Coexisting cardiac anomalies are absent.</li></ul>The present work is part of the Motion Analysis of the heart and Great vessels bY three-dimensionAl speckle-tRacking echocardiography in Pathological cases (MAGYAR-Path) Study (‘Magyar’ means ‘Hungarian’ in the Hungarian language), which aims to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of 3DSTE-derived parameters in specific disorders. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board on biomedical research, and all patients and healthy subjects gave informed consent consistent with the protocol.M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographyA Toshiba Artida™ ultrasound system (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a PST-30SBP (1-5 MHz) phased-array transducer was used for standard Doppler echocardiographic examinations. All echocardiographic studies were digitally recorded and evaluated by experts (AK, DP). Simpson's method was used to calculate LV ejection fraction, while LV and LA internal dimensions were measured by M-mode echocardiography. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) were calculated to characterize RV function. Color Doppler echocardiography was used to visually quantify the degree of tricuspid and mitral regurgitation.Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographyA special matrix phased-array transducer (2.5 MHz PST-25SX; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) was used for the acquisition of 3D echocardiographic datasets in apical view.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">6,7</a> Six R-wave-triggered subvolumes were acquired during six consecutive cardiac cycles and one breath-hold to form the pyramid-shaped 3D full volume including the RA. 3D Wall Motion Tracking software version 2.7 (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) was used for RA quantifications. Firstly, apical two-chamber (AP2CH) and four-chamber (AP4CH) views and three short-axis views at different levels of the RA at end-diastole were automatically selected from the full volume 3D dataset by the software. After finding optimal non-foreshortened views by optimizing long-axis views, the reader set markers on orthogonal AP2CH and AP4CH views. Firstly, the edge of the lateral wall-tricuspid annulus was traced, then markers were set in a counterclockwise rotation around the RA to the edge of the septum-tricuspid annulus. The RA appendage, caval veins and coronary sinus were excluded from the RA cavity during evaluations. Finally, the 3D endocardial surface of the RA was automatically reconstructed and tracked in 3D space throughout the entire cardiac cycle. The user could correct the shape of the RA if needed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>). The same 3DSTE-derived methodology for detailed assessment of atrial function including volumetric and strain measurements applied initially for the LA was used during evaluations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">8</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived volumetric measurementsThe following RA volumetric data were calculated: end-systolic maximum RA volume (Vmax, before tricuspid valve opening); early diastolic RA volume before atrial contraction (VpreA, at the time of the P wave on the ECG); and end-diastolic minimum RA volume (Vmin, before tricuspid valve closure). From RA cyclic volumetric data several parameters featuring all phases of LA function (reservoir, conduit and active contraction) were calculated (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">10</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived strain measurementsUsing the same 3D dataset, similarly to other studies, several one-directional (longitudinal, LS; radial, RS; circumferential, CS) and complex (area strain: AS; 3D strain: 3DS) strain parameters were measured in each case.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">10</a> Peak strains were calculated for the RA reservoir phase, while strains at atrial contraction were calculated for the RA booster pump phase. Global, mean segmental and regional strains were measured.Statistical analysisResults are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Data were compared with the two-tailed Student's t test, chi-square analysis, and Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was a p value <0.05. All calculations were performed with MedCalc software (MedCalc, Inc., Mariakerke, Belgium).ResultsClinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic dataClinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of ILVNC patients and of controls are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. Significant (grade >2) mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was detected in four (31%) and two (15%) patients with ILVNC, respectively, but in none of the controls. LV dimensions were significantly increased in ILVNC, while LV ejection fraction was significantly reduced (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). The TAPSE and RVFAC values of ILVNC patients were 14.8±4.3 mm and 35.5±3.2%, respectively. Five ILVNC patients had reduced RVFAC (mean 31.8±0.84%), while eight ILVNC patients had normal RVFAC (mean 37.8±1.0%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic dataThe mean volume rate was 27±3 Hz. Increased Vmax, VpreA and Vmin were detected in ILVNC patients (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). Only total (TASV) and passive (PASV) RA stroke volumes, representing features of the RA reservoir and conduit phases, were found to be increased in ILVNC; active RA stroke volume (AASV) and all emptying fractions did not differ between ILVNC patients and matched controls. Global, mean segmental and mean regional peak strains and strains at atrial contraction did not show significant differences between ILVNC patients and controls (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">Tables 4–7</a>). Increased Vmax (59.0±16.9 ml vs. 58.1±12.6 ml, p=0.92), Vmin (38.7±16.0 ml vs. 43.2±14.8 ml, p=0.62), VpreA (45.0±18.4 ml vs. 51.0±12.9 ml, p=0.54), TASV (20.3±9.5 ml vs. 14.9±5.4 ml, p=0.28) and PASV (14.9±15.4 ml vs. 7.1±3.5 ml, p=0.28) were observed in ILVNC patients regardless of the presence or absence of RV dysfunction demonstrated by RVFAC.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionIn recent studies it has been suggested that ILVNC could be part of a more widespread cardiomyopathy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">2</a> Significant alterations in LV and LA dimensions and functional properties have been demonstrated in ILVNC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">6,11–18</a> However, the degree of the functional involvement of the right heart needs to be clarified. It is also important to understand whether alterations are related directly to LV dysfunction, or whether other factors are in play. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first detailed analysis of RA morphology and function in ILVNC. Although RV involvement could not be confirmed in any of the cases, increased RA volumes and RA stroke volumes characterizing RA reservoir and conduit phases were detected in ILVNC patients. Neither RA emptying fractions nor RA strains showed differences between ILVNC patients and matched controls, suggesting only slight alterations in RA function. RA dysfunction was not confined to ILVNC patients with RV dysfunction, but was also seen in patients with normal RV function.At present little is known about myocardial mechanics in ILVNC, due to its rarity and the lack of large ILVNC registries. Modern echocardiographic methodologies including STE and/or 3D echocardiography have been demonstrated to be more useful for quantitative objective analysis of ventricular and atrial function than conventional techniques, including in ILVNC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">6,11–20</a> In a recent real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) study, noncompacted and compacted LV segments had comparable increased 3D regional volumes and reduced systolic function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">11</a> In another study, all 3DSTE-derived LV strains of segments in ILVNC patients were found to be significantly reduced, and this strain reduction was not confined to noncompacted segments,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">12</a> with non-compacted segment-related RS and 3DS reductions more pronounced than in compacted segments. Ari et al. found that tissue Doppler imaging- and STE-derived myocardial deformation can be used for the detection of early myocardial dysfunction in patients with subclinical ILVNC whose LV function was classified as normal by conventional methods, with normal ejection and shortening fraction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">13</a> As well as the above-mentioned alterations in quantitative features of LV wall motion abnormalities, LV ‘rigid body rotation’, the near absence of LV twist, was found to be a frequent phenomenon in ILVNC as well.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">15,16</a>Besides these LV studies, atrial morphology and function in ILVNC patients have been examined in very few studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">6,17,18</a> Given the value of 3DSTE for volumetric and strain analysis of all atrial functions including systolic reservoir and diastolic conduit and booster pump phases simultaneously, a study was planned focusing on LA function at our center.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">6</a> Increases in LA volumes and decreases in LA emptying fractions, together with reductions in all LA peak strains, suggested significant deterioration of all LA functions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">6</a> In another study increased LA ejection force, a characteristic of atrial contraction, was demonstrated in ILVNC in a 3DSTE study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">18</a> which suggested increased LA work to compensate for the dysfunctional LV.Despite its technical limitations, 2D Doppler echocardiography is the standard method for assessing the RA in everyday clinical practice and magnetic resonance imaging is the current gold standard for RA visualization and volume quantification.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">21</a> Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was introduced over a decade ago for non-invasive quantification of the heart chambers including the RA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210">19,20</a> In a recent publication, normal values of RT3DE-derived RA volumes and volume-based functional properties were established.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">20</a> To find the optimal RT3DE method for assessing RA volumes, another RT3DE study was performed in which multiple planes were used for volumetric quantifications. Four-plane measurement of RA volume using four equiangular planes showed good agreement with eight-plane measurement, while reducing the time required for analysis. However, compared to eight-plane analysis, biplane measurement of RA volume can result in underestimation of RA volume, particularly in abnormal subjects with RA enlargement and remodeling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">19</a>In the present study, RA function was characterized by the same 3DSTE methodology as demonstrated previously for the LA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">6,10</a> 3DSTE was found to be feasible for estimation of RA function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">22,23</a> In a recent work, significant alterations in LA volume-based and strain characteristics were demonstrated in ILVNC, as mentioned above.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">6</a> By contrast, only TASV and PASV were found to be increased, suggesting mild RA functional alterations in this study. Although only a small number of ILVNC patients were examined, the impact of LV dysfunction due to the arrest of the LV compaction process on atrial function is demonstrated indirectly. Alterations in RA functional properties were present regardless of the presence or absence of RV dysfunction. Nevertheless, only ILVNC patients had tricuspid (and mitral) regurgitation, and thus the associated volume overload may have affected the results obtained. Moreover, LA-RA interactions should also be taken into consideration, since the functional properties of the atrial septum were also relevant to the findings. However, further studies are warranted with larger ILVNC patient populations to confirm our findings.LimitationsThe study has several limitations:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">-The RA appendage, coronary sinus and caval veins were excluded from assessments, as in other 3DSTE studies assessing the RA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">22,23</a> This should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">-Although there was the opportunity to assess the LV, RV and LA by 3DSTE, this was beyond the scope of this study.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035">-Only a small number of ILVNC patients from a single tertiary center were examined. However, it should be borne in mind that ILVNC is a relatively rare disorder. Therefore, further multicenter 3DSTE studies with larger patient populations are warranted to confirm our findings.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040">-There were important technical limitations, including low spatial and temporal resolution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">7–9</a> It is known that 3DSTE is currently subject to these technical limitations, and significant improvements in image resolution are required.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045">-Finally, there is disagreement as to whether the atrial septum is a part of the LA or the RA. In the present study the septum was considered as a part of the virtual 3D cast of the RA.</li></ul>Conclusions3DSTE-derived volumetric analysis confirmed increased cyclic RA volumes in ILVNC. Only mild RA functional alterations were demonstrated in ILVNC.Ethical disclosuresProtection of human and animal subjectsThe authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki).Confidentiality of dataThe authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article. The corresponding author is in possession of this document.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres733233" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737137" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres733234" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737136" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived volumetric measurements" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived strain measurements" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic data" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic data" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Limitations" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-01-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-04-05" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737137" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Echocardiography" 1 => "Function" 2 => "Right atrium" 3 => "Speckle-tracking" 4 => "Strain" 5 => "Three-dimensional" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737136" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Ecocardiografia" 1 => "Função" 2 => "Aurícula direita" 3 => "Speckle-tracking" 4 => "Strain" 5 => "Tridimensional" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveIsolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by a prominent trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular recesses. The present study aimed to examine right atrial (RA) volumes, volume-based functional properties and strains by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in ILVNC patients. MethodsThe study group consisted of 13 patients with ILVNC (mean age: 54.6±14.1 years, six male) and 23 healthy age- and gender-matched volunteers (mean age: 50.4±12.4 years, 10 male), who served as normal controls. Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed in all cases. ResultsIncreased systolic maximum (58.2±15.3 ml vs. 40.5±11.8 ml, p=0.0004) and diastolic pre-atrial contraction (39.6±16.1 ml vs. 28.2±9.2 ml, p=0.01) and minimum (46.2±17.5 ml vs. 34.6±11.6 ml, p=0.02) RA volumes were detected in ILVNC patients. Only total (18.6±8.5 ml vs. 12.2±5.9 ml, p=0.01) and passive (12.0±13.3 vs. 5.9±3.7 ml, p=0.05) RA stroke volumes, representing features of RA reservoir and conduit phases, were increased in ILVNC; active RA stroke volume and all emptying fractions did not differ between ILVNC patients and matched controls. Moreover, global, mean segmental and regional peak strains and strains at atrial contraction showed no differences between ILVNC patients and controls. Conclusions3DSTE-derived volumetric analysis confirmed increased cyclic RA volumes in ILVNC. Only mild RA functional alterations were demonstrated in ILVNC." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "ObjetivoA miocardiopatia não compactada isolada do ventrículo esquerdo (NCIVE) foi apresentada como uma miocardiopatia rara, caracterizada por uma trabeculação proeminente e por profundos recessos trabeculares na cavidade ventricular. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar os volumes da aurícula direita (AD) e a mecânica auricular direita por ecocardiografia tridimensional de speckle-tracking nos doentes com NCIVE. MétodosO grupo de estudo é composto por 13 doentes com NCIVE (idade média: 54,6 ± 14,1 anos, seis homens) e 23 voluntários saudáveis com idade e género correspondentes (idade média: 50,4 ± 12,4 anos, homens) que são controlos normais. Foram realizadas em todos os casos ecocardiografia Doppler bidimensional e ecocardiografia tridimensional de speckle-tracking. ResultadosFoi detetado nos doentes com NCIVE um aumento do volume da AD na fase sistólica (58,2 ± 15,3 ml versus 40,5 ± 11,8 ml, p = 0,0004), na fase de contração diastólica pré-auricular (39,6 ± 16,1 ml versus 28,2 ± 9,2 ml, p = 0,01) e na fase diastólica final (46,2 ± 17,5 ml versus 34,6 ± 11,6 ml, p = 0,02). Apenas o volume da fase de reservatório (18,6 ± 8,5 ml versus 12,2 ± 5,9 ml, p = 0,01) e da fase de condução da AD (12,0 ± 13,3 versus 5,9 ± 3,7 ml, p = 0,05) foram superiores no grupo NCIVE em comparação com o grupo de controlos. O volume de ejeção da aurícula direita foi semelhante entre ambos os grupos. Os grupos foram também homogéneos relativamente ao strain e ao strain rate da AD nas diferentes fases do ciclo cardíaco. ConclusãoA análise volumétrica detetada pela ecocardiografia tridimensional de speckle-tracking confirmou o aumento cíclico dos volumes da AD na NCIVE. Apenas alterações funcionais suaves da AD podem ser demonstradas na NCIVE." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 887 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 118254 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Images from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived full-volume dataset. Apical 4-chamber (A) and 2-chamber (B) views and parasternal short-axis views at basal (C3), mid-atrial (C5) and superior (C7) right atrial level are displayed. Right atrial volumetric data and three-dimensional right atrial cast together with time-global volume (dashed line) and segmental time-longitudinal strain (colored lines) curves are also demonstrated. The method presented allows automatic measurement of peak strains (white arrow) and strains at atrial contraction (dashed arrow). EDV: end-diastolic volume; ESV: end-systolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "EF: emptying fraction; LV: left ventricular; SV: stroke volume; Vmax: maximum right atrial volume; Vmin: minimum right atrial volume; VpreA: right atrial volume before atrial contraction." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reservoir \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conduit function \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Active contraction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stroke (emptying) volumes (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total SV=Vmax-Vmin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Passive SV=Vmax-VpreA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Active SV=VpreA-Vmin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emptying fractions (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total EF=total SV/Vmax \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Passive EF=passive SV/Vmax \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Active EF=active SV/VpreA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1209996.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Calculation of right atrial volume-based functional properties in each phase of atrial function." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ILVNC: isolated left ventricular noncompaction; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricular." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Risk factors</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">54.6±14.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50.4±12.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male gender (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 (46) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 (43) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 (39) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypercholesterolemia (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 (23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Medication</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Beta-blockers (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 (77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ACE inhibitors (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 (77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diuretics (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 (69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Two-dimensional echocardiography</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LA diameter (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46.7±9.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34.0±3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">63.6±12.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47.7±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV end-diastolic volume (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">204.2±85.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">101.3±33.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV end-systolic diameter (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48.6±14.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">29.2±4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV end-systolic volume (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">121.2±72.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.2±11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interventricular septum (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10.3±1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9.6±1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV posterior wall (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10.0±1.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9.4±2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV ejection fraction (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38.6±15.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">66.4±6.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">E/A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.3±0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Number of noncompacted segments \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.7±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1209997.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and of controls." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AAEF: active atrial emptying fraction; AASV: active atrial stroke volume; FR: frame rate; PAEF: passive atrial emptying fraction; PASV: passive atrial stroke volume; TAEF: total atrial emptying fraction; TASV: total atrial stroke volume; Vmax: maximum left atrial volume; Vmin: minimum left atrial volume; VpreA: volume before atrial contraction." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Calculated volumes</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vmax (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.2±15.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.5±11.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vmin (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.6±16.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.2±9.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VpreA (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.2±17.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.6±11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Stroke volumes</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TASV (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.6±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.2±5.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PASV (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.0±13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.9±3.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AASV (ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.6±7.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.4±4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Emptying fractions</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAEF (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.5±14.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.5±10.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PAEF (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.5±20.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.9±8.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAEF (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.3±23.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.2±9.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1209998.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived right atrial volumes and volume-based functional properties in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "3DS: three-dimensional strain; AS: area strain; CS: circumferential strain; ILVNC: isolated left ventricular noncompaction; LS: longitudinal strain; RS: radial strain." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Peak global strain</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−10.1±7.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−15.0±9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.2±14.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.5±8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.9±14.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.0±10.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−5.5±5.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.8±5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.5±38.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.9±17.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Peak mean segmental strain</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−14.0±7.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−18.7±8.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.3±14.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.0±8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.7±13.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.9±9.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.9±6.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−12.4±5.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.2±38.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.7±16.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210000.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak global and mean segmental right atrial strain parameters in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "3DS: three-dimensional strain; AS: area strain; CS: circumferential strain; ILVNC: isolated left ventricular noncompaction; LS: longitudinal strain; RS: radial strain." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−13.4±6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−17.4±6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−14.4±7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−18.6±9.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.4±10.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−20.7±12.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.8±12.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.0±11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.1±12.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.0±7.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.2±21.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.2±15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.7±14.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.0±12.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.8±17.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.9±15.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.5±14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3±8.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.5±5.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11.6±5.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.7±6.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11.4±6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−9.7±8.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−15.0±10.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.5±30.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.0±16.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.2±34.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.0±20.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.6±61.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.4±34.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1209999.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak mean regional right atrial strain parameters in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy and in controls." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "3DS: three-dimensional strain; AS: area strain; CS: circumferential strain; ILVNC: isolated left ventricular noncompaction; LS: longitudinal strain; RS: radial strain." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Global strain at atrial contraction</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.1±6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.7±6.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.6±6.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.9±10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.4±10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.8±7.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−4.6±5.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−4.2±4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.5±10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.2±14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Mean segmental strain at atrial contraction</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.9±5.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.9±4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.6±6.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.3±10.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.9±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.4±5.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−5.8±5.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.8±4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.1±16.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.0±14.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210001.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived global and mean segmental right atrial strains at atrial contraction in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls." ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0035" "etiqueta" => "Table 7" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at7" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "3DS: three-dimensional strain; AS: area strain; CS: circumferential strain; ILVNC: isolated left ventricular noncompaction; LS: longitudinal strain; RS: radial strain." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients (n=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.64±5.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−9.9±5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.9±5.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.1±5.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.4±6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−8.7±5.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.3±7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.2±11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.2±7.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.7±8.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.8±8.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.5±13.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.5±8.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.8±6.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.8±10.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.7±7.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.2±8.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.8±9.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−4.8±4.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.7±5.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.1±5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.0±4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.8±7.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−6.7±5.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS basal (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.3±15.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.1±11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS mid (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.3±17.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21.7±14.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS apical (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.8±17.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.0±29.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1209995.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived mean regional right atrial strains at atrial contraction in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. 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Estatísticas

Original Article

Análise da mecânica auricular direita por estudo ecocardiográfico de speckle-tracking tridimensional, no ventrículo esquerdo não compactado isolado – estudo MAGYAR-Path

Attila Nemes

Autor para correspondência

nemes.attila@med.u-szeged.hu

Corresponding author.

, Péter Domsik, Anita Kalapos, Henriette Gavallér, Mónika Oszlánczi, Tamás Forster

2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Centre, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

Lido

6084

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que se leu este artigo

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Images from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived full-volume dataset&#46; Apical 4-chamber &#40;A&#41; and 2-chamber &#40;B&#41; views and parasternal short-axis views at basal &#40;C3&#41;&#44; mid-atrial &#40;C5&#41; and superior &#40;C7&#41; right atrial level are displayed&#46; Right atrial volumetric data and three-dimensional right atrial cast together with time-global volume &#40;dashed line&#41; and segmental time-longitudinal strain &#40;colored lines&#41; curves are also demonstrated&#46; The method presented allows automatic measurement of peak strains &#40;white arrow&#41; and strains at atrial contraction &#40;dashed arrow&#41;&#46; EDV&#58; end-diastolic volume&#59; ESV&#58; end-systolic volume&#59; EF&#58; ejection fraction&#59; RA&#58; right atrium&#59; RV&#58; right ventricle&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isolated left ventricular noncompaction &#40;ILVNC&#41; is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by a prominent trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular recesses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> The disorder seems to occur because of an arrest of the normal compaction process in myocardial development during the first trimester&#46; The classic triad of ILVNC-related complications are heart failure&#44; arrhythmias&#44; and systemic embolic events&#46; Although the usual site of involvement is the left ventricle &#40;LV&#41;&#44; the right ventricle &#40;or both&#41; are also affected in some cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Due to atrioventricular interactions&#44; left atrial &#40;LA&#41; function may show alterations&#44; as has been demonstrated in ILVNC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> However&#44; no clinical studies on right atrial &#40;RA&#41; function have been performed in series of patients with ILVNC&#46; Therefore&#44; the present study aimed to examine RA volumes&#44; volume-based functional properties and strains by three-dimensional &#40;3D&#41; speckle-tracking echocardiography &#40;STE&#41; in ILVNC patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study population</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study population consisted of 13 patients with ILVNC from the Cardiology Center of the University of Szeged&#44; Hungary&#44; and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers&#44; who served as normal controls&#46; All patients and controls were in sinus rhythm and all were examined by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE&#46; The echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for ILVNC of Jenni et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> were used&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;1&#41;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Segmental and excessive thickening of the LV wall with a two-layered structure&#44; consisting of a thin&#44; compacted epicardial layer and a thicker&#44; noncompacted layer&#46; The latter has a characteristic appearance with numerous prominent trabeculations &#40;meshwork&#41; and deep intertrabecular recesses&#46; LV thickening is predominant in the apical&#44; mid-lateral&#44; and mid-inferior walls&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;2&#41;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A noncompacted&#47;compacted myocardial thickness ratio &#62;2 measured at maximal thickness in end-systole in parasternal short-axis view&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;3&#41;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Evidence of deeply perfused intertrabecular recesses communicating with the LV cavity by color Doppler echocardiography&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;4&#41;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coexisting cardiac anomalies are absent&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present work is part of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span>otion <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>nalysis of the heart and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G</span>reat vessels b<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Y</span> three-dimension<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>l speckle-t<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span>acking echocardiography in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Path</span>ological cases &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MAGYAR-Path</span>&#41; Study &#40;&#8216;Magyar&#8217; means &#8216;Hungarian&#8217; in the Hungarian language&#41;&#44; which aims to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of 3DSTE-derived parameters in specific disorders&#46; The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board on biomedical research&#44; and all patients and healthy subjects gave informed consent consistent with the protocol&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Toshiba Artida&#8482; ultrasound system &#40;Toshiba Medical Systems&#44; Tokyo&#44; Japan&#41; with a PST-30SBP &#40;1-5 MHz&#41; phased-array transducer was used for standard Doppler echocardiographic examinations&#46; All echocardiographic studies were digitally recorded and evaluated by experts &#40;AK&#44; DP&#41;&#46; Simpson&#39;s method was used to calculate LV ejection fraction&#44; while LV and LA internal dimensions were measured by M-mode echocardiography&#46; Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion &#40;TAPSE&#41; and right ventricular fractional area change &#40;RVFAC&#41; were calculated to characterize RV function&#46; Color Doppler echocardiography was used to visually quantify the degree of tricuspid and mitral regurgitation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A special matrix phased-array transducer &#40;2&#46;5 MHz PST-25SX&#59; Toshiba Medical Systems&#44; Tokyo&#44; Japan&#41; was used for the acquisition of 3D echocardiographic datasets in apical view&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Six R-wave-triggered subvolumes were acquired during six consecutive cardiac cycles and one breath-hold to form the pyramid-shaped 3D full volume including the RA&#46; 3D Wall Motion Tracking software version 2&#46;7 &#40;Toshiba Medical Systems&#44; Tokyo&#44; Japan&#41; was used for RA quantifications&#46; Firstly&#44; apical two-chamber &#40;AP2CH&#41; and four-chamber &#40;AP4CH&#41; views and three short-axis views at different levels of the RA at end-diastole were automatically selected from the full volume 3D dataset by the software&#46; After finding optimal non-foreshortened views by optimizing long-axis views&#44; the reader set markers on orthogonal AP2CH and AP4CH views&#46; Firstly&#44; the edge of the lateral wall-tricuspid annulus was traced&#44; then markers were set in a counterclockwise rotation around the RA to the edge of the septum-tricuspid annulus&#46; The RA appendage&#44; caval veins and coronary sinus were excluded from the RA cavity during evaluations&#46; Finally&#44; the 3D endocardial surface of the RA was automatically reconstructed and tracked in 3D space throughout the entire cardiac cycle&#46; The user could correct the shape of the RA if needed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; The same 3DSTE-derived methodology for detailed assessment of atrial function including volumetric and strain measurements applied initially for the LA was used during evaluations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived volumetric measurements</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following RA volumetric data were calculated&#58; end-systolic maximum RA volume &#40;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#44; before tricuspid valve opening&#41;&#59; early diastolic RA volume before atrial contraction &#40;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>&#44; at the time of the P wave on the ECG&#41;&#59; and end-diastolic minimum RA volume &#40;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span>&#44; before tricuspid valve closure&#41;&#46; From RA cyclic volumetric data several parameters featuring all phases of LA function &#40;reservoir&#44; conduit and active contraction&#41; were calculated &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived strain measurements</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using the same 3D dataset&#44; similarly to other studies&#44; several one-directional &#40;longitudinal&#44; LS&#59; radial&#44; RS&#59; circumferential&#44; CS&#41; and complex &#40;area strain&#58; AS&#59; 3D strain&#58; 3DS&#41; strain parameters were measured in each case&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Peak strains were calculated for the RA reservoir phase&#44; while strains at atrial contraction were calculated for the RA booster pump phase&#46; Global&#44; mean segmental and regional strains were measured&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation&#46; Data were compared with the two-tailed Student&#39;s t test&#44; chi-square analysis&#44; and Fisher&#39;s exact test&#46; Statistical significance was a p value &#60;0&#46;05&#46; All calculations were performed with MedCalc software &#40;MedCalc&#44; Inc&#46;&#44; Mariakerke&#44; Belgium&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of ILVNC patients and of controls are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; Significant &#40;grade &#62;2&#41; mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was detected in four &#40;31&#37;&#41; and two &#40;15&#37;&#41; patients with ILVNC&#44; respectively&#44; but in none of the controls&#46; LV dimensions were significantly increased in ILVNC&#44; while LV ejection fraction was significantly reduced &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The TAPSE and RVFAC values of ILVNC patients were 14&#46;8&#177;4&#46;3 mm and 35&#46;5&#177;3&#46;2&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Five ILVNC patients had reduced RVFAC &#40;mean 31&#46;8&#177;0&#46;84&#37;&#41;&#44; while eight ILVNC patients had normal RVFAC &#40;mean 37&#46;8&#177;1&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic data</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean volume rate was 27&#177;3 Hz&#46; Increased V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#44; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span> and V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span> were detected in ILVNC patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; Only total &#40;TASV&#41; and passive &#40;PASV&#41; RA stroke volumes&#44; representing features of the RA reservoir and conduit phases&#44; were found to be increased in ILVNC&#59; active RA stroke volume &#40;AASV&#41; and all emptying fractions did not differ between ILVNC patients and matched controls&#46; Global&#44; mean segmental and mean regional peak strains and strains at atrial contraction did not show significant differences between ILVNC patients and controls &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">Tables 4&#8211;7</a>&#41;&#46; Increased V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span> &#40;59&#46;0&#177;16&#46;9 ml vs&#46; 58&#46;1&#177;12&#46;6 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;92&#41;&#44; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span> &#40;38&#46;7&#177;16&#46;0 ml vs&#46; 43&#46;2&#177;14&#46;8 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;62&#41;&#44; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span> &#40;45&#46;0&#177;18&#46;4 ml vs&#46; 51&#46;0&#177;12&#46;9 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;54&#41;&#44; TASV &#40;20&#46;3&#177;9&#46;5 ml vs&#46; 14&#46;9&#177;5&#46;4 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;28&#41; and PASV &#40;14&#46;9&#177;15&#46;4 ml vs&#46; 7&#46;1&#177;3&#46;5 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;28&#41; were observed in ILVNC patients regardless of the presence or absence of RV dysfunction demonstrated by RVFAC&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent studies it has been suggested that ILVNC could be part of a more widespread cardiomyopathy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Significant alterations in LV and LA dimensions and functional properties have been demonstrated in ILVNC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;11&#8211;18</span></a> However&#44; the degree of the functional involvement of the right heart needs to be clarified&#46; It is also important to understand whether alterations are related directly to LV dysfunction&#44; or whether other factors are in play&#46; To the best of the authors&#8217; knowledge this is the first detailed analysis of RA morphology and function in ILVNC&#46; Although RV involvement could not be confirmed in any of the cases&#44; increased RA volumes and RA stroke volumes characterizing RA reservoir and conduit phases were detected in ILVNC patients&#46; Neither RA emptying fractions nor RA strains showed differences between ILVNC patients and matched controls&#44; suggesting only slight alterations in RA function&#46; RA dysfunction was not confined to ILVNC patients with RV dysfunction&#44; but was also seen in patients with normal RV function&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present little is known about myocardial mechanics in ILVNC&#44; due to its rarity and the lack of large ILVNC registries&#46; Modern echocardiographic methodologies including STE and&#47;or 3D echocardiography have been demonstrated to be more useful for quantitative objective analysis of ventricular and atrial function than conventional techniques&#44; including in ILVNC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;11&#8211;20</span></a> In a recent real-time 3D echocardiography &#40;RT3DE&#41; study&#44; noncompacted and compacted LV segments had comparable increased 3D regional volumes and reduced systolic function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In another study&#44; all 3DSTE-derived LV strains of segments in ILVNC patients were found to be significantly reduced&#44; and this strain reduction was not confined to noncompacted segments&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> with non-compacted segment-related RS and 3DS reductions more pronounced than in compacted segments&#46; Ari et al&#46; found that tissue Doppler imaging- and STE-derived myocardial deformation can be used for the detection of early myocardial dysfunction in patients with subclinical ILVNC whose LV function was classified as normal by conventional methods&#44; with normal ejection and shortening fraction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> As well as the above-mentioned alterations in quantitative features of LV wall motion abnormalities&#44; LV &#8216;rigid body rotation&#8217;&#44; the near absence of LV twist&#44; was found to be a frequent phenomenon in ILVNC as well&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides these LV studies&#44; atrial morphology and function in ILVNC patients have been examined in very few studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Given the value of 3DSTE for volumetric and strain analysis of all atrial functions including systolic reservoir and diastolic conduit and booster pump phases simultaneously&#44; a study was planned focusing on LA function at our center&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Increases in LA volumes and decreases in LA emptying fractions&#44; together with reductions in all LA peak strains&#44; suggested significant deterioration of all LA functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In another study increased LA ejection force&#44; a characteristic of atrial contraction&#44; was demonstrated in ILVNC in a 3DSTE study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> which suggested increased LA work to compensate for the dysfunctional LV&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite its technical limitations&#44; 2D Doppler echocardiography is the standard method for assessing the RA in everyday clinical practice and magnetic resonance imaging is the current gold standard for RA visualization and volume quantification&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography &#40;RT3DE&#41; was introduced over a decade ago for non-invasive quantification of the heart chambers including the RA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> In a recent publication&#44; normal values of RT3DE-derived RA volumes and volume-based functional properties were established&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> To find the optimal RT3DE method for assessing RA volumes&#44; another RT3DE study was performed in which multiple planes were used for volumetric quantifications&#46; Four-plane measurement of RA volume using four equiangular planes showed good agreement with eight-plane measurement&#44; while reducing the time required for analysis&#46; However&#44; compared to eight-plane analysis&#44; biplane measurement of RA volume can result in underestimation of RA volume&#44; particularly in abnormal subjects with RA enlargement and remodeling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; RA function was characterized by the same 3DSTE methodology as demonstrated previously for the LA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;10</span></a> 3DSTE was found to be feasible for estimation of RA function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> In a recent work&#44; significant alterations in LA volume-based and strain characteristics were demonstrated in ILVNC&#44; as mentioned above&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> By contrast&#44; only TASV and PASV were found to be increased&#44; suggesting mild RA functional alterations in this study&#46; Although only a small number of ILVNC patients were examined&#44; the impact of LV dysfunction due to the arrest of the LV compaction process on atrial function is demonstrated indirectly&#46; Alterations in RA functional properties were present regardless of the presence or absence of RV dysfunction&#46; Nevertheless&#44; only ILVNC patients had tricuspid &#40;and mitral&#41; regurgitation&#44; and thus the associated volume overload may have affected the results obtained&#46; Moreover&#44; LA-RA interactions should also be taken into consideration&#44; since the functional properties of the atrial septum were also relevant to the findings&#46; However&#44; further studies are warranted with larger ILVNC patient populations to confirm our findings&#46;</p><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Limitations</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study has several limitations&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The RA appendage&#44; coronary sinus and caval veins were excluded from assessments&#44; as in other 3DSTE studies assessing the RA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> This should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although there was the opportunity to assess the LV&#44; RV and LA by 3DSTE&#44; this was beyond the scope of this study&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only a small number of ILVNC patients from a single tertiary center were examined&#46; However&#44; it should be borne in mind that ILVNC is a relatively rare disorder&#46; Therefore&#44; further multicenter 3DSTE studies with larger patient populations are warranted to confirm our findings&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were important technical limitations&#44; including low spatial and temporal resolution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> It is known that 3DSTE is currently subject to these technical limitations&#44; and significant improvements in image resolution are required&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; there is disagreement as to whether the atrial septum is a part of the LA or the RA&#46; In the present study the septum was considered as a part of the virtual 3D cast of the RA&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusions</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">3DSTE-derived volumetric analysis confirmed increased cyclic RA volumes in ILVNC&#46; Only mild RA functional alterations were demonstrated in ILVNC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association &#40;Declaration of Helsinki&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography"
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              "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived volumetric measurements"
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              "titulo" => "Three-dimensional speckle tracking-derived strain measurements"
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              "titulo" => "Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic data"
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            0 => "Echocardiography"
            1 => "Function"
            2 => "Right atrium"
            3 => "Speckle-tracking"
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            5 => "Three-dimensional"
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          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Ecocardiografia"
            1 => "Fun&#231;&#227;o"
            2 => "Aur&#237;cula direita"
            3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Speckle-tracking</span>"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Strain</span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Isolated left ventricular noncompaction &#40;ILVNC&#41; is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by a prominent trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular recesses&#46; The present study aimed to examine right atrial &#40;RA&#41; volumes&#44; volume-based functional properties and strains by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography &#40;3DSTE&#41; in ILVNC patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study group consisted of 13 patients with ILVNC &#40;mean age&#58; 54&#46;6&#177;14&#46;1 years&#44; six male&#41; and 23 healthy age- and gender-matched volunteers &#40;mean age&#58; 50&#46;4&#177;12&#46;4 years&#44; 10 male&#41;&#44; who served as normal controls&#46; Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed in all cases&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Increased systolic maximum &#40;58&#46;2&#177;15&#46;3 ml vs&#46; 40&#46;5&#177;11&#46;8 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;0004&#41; and diastolic pre-atrial contraction &#40;39&#46;6&#177;16&#46;1 ml vs&#46; 28&#46;2&#177;9&#46;2 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;01&#41; and minimum &#40;46&#46;2&#177;17&#46;5 ml vs&#46; 34&#46;6&#177;11&#46;6 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;02&#41; RA volumes were detected in ILVNC patients&#46; Only total &#40;18&#46;6&#177;8&#46;5 ml vs&#46; 12&#46;2&#177;5&#46;9 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;01&#41; and passive &#40;12&#46;0&#177;13&#46;3 vs&#46; 5&#46;9&#177;3&#46;7 ml&#44; p&#61;0&#46;05&#41; RA stroke volumes&#44; representing features of RA reservoir and conduit phases&#44; were increased in ILVNC&#59; active RA stroke volume and all emptying fractions did not differ between ILVNC patients and matched controls&#46; Moreover&#44; global&#44; mean segmental and regional peak strains and strains at atrial contraction showed no differences between ILVNC patients and controls&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3DSTE-derived volumetric analysis confirmed increased cyclic RA volumes in ILVNC&#46; Only mild RA functional alterations were demonstrated in ILVNC&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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            "titulo" => "Methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A miocardiopatia n&#227;o compactada isolada do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#40;NCIVE&#41; foi apresentada como uma miocardiopatia rara&#44; caracterizada por uma trabecula&#231;&#227;o proeminente e por profundos recessos trabeculares na cavidade ventricular&#46; Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar os volumes da aur&#237;cula direita &#40;AD&#41; e a mec&#226;nica auricular direita por ecocardiografia tridimensional de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">speckle-tracking</span> nos doentes com NCIVE&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O grupo de estudo &#233; composto por 13 doentes com NCIVE &#40;idade m&#233;dia&#58; 54&#44;6 &#177; 14&#44;1 anos&#44; seis homens&#41; e 23 volunt&#225;rios saud&#225;veis com idade e g&#233;nero correspondentes &#40;idade m&#233;dia&#58; 50&#44;4 &#177; 12&#44;4 anos&#44; homens&#41; que s&#227;o controlos normais&#46; Foram realizadas em todos os casos ecocardiografia Doppler bidimensional e ecocardiografia tridimensional de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">speckle-tracking</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi detetado nos doentes com NCIVE um aumento do volume da AD na fase sist&#243;lica &#40;58&#44;2 &#177; 15&#44;3 ml <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 40&#44;5 &#177; 11&#44;8 ml&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;0004&#41;&#44; na fase de contra&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica pr&#233;-auricular &#40;39&#44;6 &#177; 16&#44;1 ml <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 28&#44;2 &#177; 9&#44;2 ml&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e na fase diast&#243;lica final &#40;46&#44;2 &#177; 17&#44;5 ml <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 34&#44;6 &#177; 11&#44;6 ml&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;02&#41;&#46; Apenas o volume da fase de reservat&#243;rio &#40;18&#44;6 &#177; 8&#44;5 ml <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 12&#44;2 &#177; 5&#44;9 ml&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e da fase de condu&#231;&#227;o da AD &#40;12&#44;0 &#177; 13&#44;3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 5&#44;9 &#177; 3&#44;7 ml&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;05&#41; foram superiores no grupo NCIVE em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de controlos&#46; O volume de eje&#231;&#227;o da aur&#237;cula direita foi semelhante entre ambos os grupos&#46; Os grupos foram tamb&#233;m homog&#233;neos relativamente ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">strain</span> e ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">strain rate</span> da AD nas diferentes fases do ciclo card&#237;aco&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise volum&#233;trica detetada pela ecocardiografia tridimensional de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">speckle-tracking</span> confirmou o aumento c&#237;clico dos volumes da AD na NCIVE&#46; Apenas altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais suaves da AD podem ser demonstradas na NCIVE&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 887
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            "Tamanyo" => 118254
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Images from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived full-volume dataset&#46; Apical 4-chamber &#40;A&#41; and 2-chamber &#40;B&#41; views and parasternal short-axis views at basal &#40;C3&#41;&#44; mid-atrial &#40;C5&#41; and superior &#40;C7&#41; right atrial level are displayed&#46; Right atrial volumetric data and three-dimensional right atrial cast together with time-global volume &#40;dashed line&#41; and segmental time-longitudinal strain &#40;colored lines&#41; curves are also demonstrated&#46; The method presented allows automatic measurement of peak strains &#40;white arrow&#41; and strains at atrial contraction &#40;dashed arrow&#41;&#46; EDV&#58; end-diastolic volume&#59; ESV&#58; end-systolic volume&#59; EF&#58; ejection fraction&#59; RA&#58; right atrium&#59; RV&#58; right ventricle&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EF&#58; emptying fraction&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#59; SV&#58; stroke volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#58; maximum right atrial volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span>&#58; minimum right atrial volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>&#58; right atrial volume before atrial contraction&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reservoir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conduit function&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Active contraction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stroke &#40;emptying&#41; volumes &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total SV&#61;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>-V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Passive SV&#61;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>-V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Active SV&#61;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>-V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emptying fractions &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total EF&#61;total SV&#47;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Passive EF&#61;passive SV&#47;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Active EF&#61;active SV&#47;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1209996.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Calculation of right atrial volume-based functional properties in each phase of atrial function&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ACE&#58; angiotensin-converting enzyme&#59; ILVNC&#58; isolated left ventricular noncompaction&#59; LA&#58; left atrium&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk factors</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;6&#177;14&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#46;4&#177;12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male gender &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes mellitus &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypercholesterolemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medication</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Beta-blockers &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ACE inhibitors &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diuretics &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Two-dimensional echocardiography</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LA diameter &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#46;7&#177;9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&#46;0&#177;3&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV end-diastolic diameter &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#46;6&#177;12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#46;7&#177;8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV end-diastolic volume &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">204&#46;2&#177;85&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">101&#46;3&#177;33&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV end-systolic diameter &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#46;6&#177;14&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;2&#177;4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV end-systolic volume &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121&#46;2&#177;72&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&#46;2&#177;11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Interventricular septum &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#46;3&#177;1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;6&#177;1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV posterior wall &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#46;0&#177;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;4&#177;2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LV ejection fraction &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&#46;6&#177;15&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#46;4&#177;6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>E&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;3&#177;0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Number of noncompacted segments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;7&#177;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and of controls&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AAEF&#58; active atrial emptying fraction&#59; AASV&#58; active atrial stroke volume&#59; FR&#58; frame rate&#59; PAEF&#58; passive atrial emptying fraction&#59; PASV&#58; passive atrial stroke volume&#59; TAEF&#58; total atrial emptying fraction&#59; TASV&#58; total atrial stroke volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#58; maximum left atrial volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span>&#58; minimum left atrial volume&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span>&#58; volume before atrial contraction&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Calculated volumes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span> &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;2&#177;15&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;5&#177;11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">min</span> &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;6&#177;16&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;2&#177;9&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">preA</span> &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;2&#177;17&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;6&#177;11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stroke volumes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TASV &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;6&#177;8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;2&#177;5&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PASV &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;0&#177;13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;9&#177;3&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AASV &#40;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;6&#177;7&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;4&#177;4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Emptying fractions</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TAEF &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;5&#177;14&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;5&#177;10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PAEF &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;5&#177;20&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;9&#177;8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AAEF &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;3&#177;23&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;2&#177;9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab1209998.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived right atrial volumes and volume-based functional properties in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          0 => array:3 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3DS&#58; three-dimensional strain&#59; AS&#58; area strain&#59; CS&#58; circumferential strain&#59; ILVNC&#58; isolated left ventricular noncompaction&#59; LS&#58; longitudinal strain&#59; RS&#58; radial strain&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peak global strain</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;10&#46;1&#177;7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;15&#46;0&#177;9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;2&#177;14&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;5&#177;8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;9&#177;14&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;0&#177;10&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#46;5&#177;5&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7&#46;8&#177;5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;5&#177;38&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;9&#177;17&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peak mean segmental strain</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;14&#46;0&#177;7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;18&#46;7&#177;8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;3&#177;14&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;0&#177;8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;7&#177;13&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;9&#177;9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3DS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;8&#46;9&#177;6&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;12&#46;4&#177;5&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;2&#177;38&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;7&#177;16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak global and mean segmental right atrial strain parameters in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3DS&#58; three-dimensional strain&#59; AS&#58; area strain&#59; CS&#58; circumferential strain&#59; ILVNC&#58; isolated left ventricular noncompaction&#59; LS&#58; longitudinal strain&#59; RS&#58; radial strain&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;13&#46;4&#177;6&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS mid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;14&#46;4&#177;7&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;18&#46;6&#177;9&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RS apical &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;4&#177;10&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;20&#46;7&#177;12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS basal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;8&#177;12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;0&#177;11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS mid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;1&#177;12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;0&#177;7&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CS apical &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;2&#177;21&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;2&#177;15&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS basal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7&#177;14&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;0&#177;12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS mid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;8&#177;17&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;9&#177;15&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LS apical &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;5&#177;14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;3&#177;8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS basal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;8&#46;5&#177;5&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&#46;6&#177;5&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS mid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;8&#46;7&#177;6&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&#46;4&#177;6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3DS apical &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;9&#46;7&#177;8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;15&#46;0&#177;10&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS basal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;5&#177;30&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;0&#177;16&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS mid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;2&#177;34&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;0&#177;20&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AS apical &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;6&#177;61&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;4&#177;34&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1209999.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak mean regional right atrial strain parameters in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy and in controls&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at6"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3DS&#58; three-dimensional strain&#59; AS&#58; area strain&#59; CS&#58; circumferential strain&#59; ILVNC&#58; isolated left ventricular noncompaction&#59; LS&#58; longitudinal strain&#59; RS&#58; radial strain&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Global strain at atrial contraction</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#46;1&#177;6&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#46;7&#177;6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;6&#177;6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&#177;10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;4&#177;10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;8&#177;7&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3DS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;6&#177;5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;2&#177;4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;5&#177;10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;2&#177;14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean segmental strain at atrial contraction</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7&#46;9&#177;5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;8&#46;9&#177;4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;6&#177;6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;3&#177;10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;9&#177;8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;4&#177;5&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3DS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#46;8&#177;5&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#46;8&#177;4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AS &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;1&#177;16&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;0&#177;14&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1210001.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived global and mean segmental right atrial strains at atrial contraction in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at7"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3DS&#58; three-dimensional strain&#59; AS&#58; area strain&#59; CS&#58; circumferential strain&#59; ILVNC&#58; isolated left ventricular noncompaction&#59; LS&#58; longitudinal strain&#59; RS&#58; radial strain&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ILVNC patients &#40;n&#61;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived mean regional right atrial strains at atrial contraction in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and in controls&#46;</p>"
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Informação do artigo

ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Inglês

DOI:10.1016/j.repc.2016.04.009

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2021 Janeiro	28	15	43
2020 Dezembro	26	13	39
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2020 Junho	43	17	60
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2019 Outubro	30	5	35
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2019 Agosto	23	14	37
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2019 Janeiro	40	7	47
2018 Dezembro	60	12	72
2018 Novembro	89	12	101
2018 Outubro	156	13	169
2018 Setembro	34	11	45
2018 Agosto	31	8	39
2018 Julho	25	7	32
2018 Junho	40	5	45
2018 Maio	43	12	55
2018 Abril	50	3	53
2018 Mar�o	89	12	101
2018 Fevereiro	39	11	50
2018 Janeiro	83	9	92
2017 Dezembro	137	13	150
2017 Novembro	76	12	88
2017 Outubro	31	10	41
2017 Setembro	23	7	30
2017 Agosto	35	11	46
2017 Julho	23	9	32
2017 Junho	18	9	27
2017 Maio	31	9	40
2017 Abril	21	7	28
2017 Mar�o	28	7	35
2017 Fevereiro	17	6	23
2017 Janeiro	21	14	35
2016 Dezembro	47	19	66
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2016 Outubro	103	66	169
2016 Setembro	39	57	96

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