Editorial comment
One small step for exosomes, one giant leap for Kawasaki disease
Um pequeno passo para os exossomas, um salto gigante para a doença de Kawasaki
Henrique Girão
CNC.IBILI, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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hipereosinofílica – visão da análise de movimentos do coração e dos grandes vasos por ecocardiografia tridimensional <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">speckle tracking</span> em casos patológicos – estudo MAGYAR-Path" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2179 "Ancho" => 2496 "Tamanyo" => 356613 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Images from three-dimensional full-volume dataset showing left atrium: apical 4-chamber (A) and 2-chamber views (B) and short-axis views at basal (C3), mid- (C5) and superior (C7) left atrial level are 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Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Um pequeno passo para os exossomas, um salto gigante para a doença de Kawasaki" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Communication between cardiac cells is essential to ensure heart homeostasis and function. This intercellular communication can occur directly between adjacent cells, through connexin-containing channels called gap junctions, or indirectly at long distances, via extracellular vesicles that mediate the transport of biomolecules between cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to their origin and size, extracellular vesicles can be divided into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. Exosomes are formed when organelles of the endocytic pathway named multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and release the intraluminal vesicles into the extracellular space. The secreted exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids characteristic of the cells from which they originate, thus mirroring the biological status of the producing cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Since they can be easily detected in various biological fluids such as blood, urine, amniotic fluid and saliva, exosomes have emerged as potent diagnostic and prognostic tools. After their release, exosomes can be taken up by recipient cells, where they can elicit a cell response that may involve changes in cell function and behavior.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Considerable enthusiasm has been aroused concerning exosomes due to the fact that these vesicles may constitute promising targets in terms of identification of new human disease biomarkers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> For this, precise characterization of exosome content is of utmost importance, in order to establish reliable biological markers. Furthermore, exosomes can be considered as carriers of biological information, facilitating the transfer of molecules and signals between distant cells located in different organs and tissues. Therefore fine-tuned regulation of exosome-mediated communication is vital to ensure the organism's homeostasis. Disturbance of these mechanisms can contribute to the dissemination and propagation of harmful signals throughout the body, leading to morbidities and pathologies associated with syndromes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study by Jia et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span> identified the protein profile of exosomes isolated from the blood of patients with coronary artery dilatation due to Kawasaki disease, the commonest childhood cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The authors found that the content of exosomes isolated from patients with Kawasaki disease differs from those from healthy controls in 38 proteins. Most of these proteins are involved in the inflammation and coagulation cascades, in agreement with the pathophysiology of the disease, which causes general inflammation of the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries. Since early and accurate diagnosis of the disease is vital for successful therapeutic intervention, the present study makes an important contribution to the fight against Kawasaki disease. Although the results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients, they are very promising, as they may pave the way for the development of more effective strategies to detect Kawasaki disease in its initial stages.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ischaemia-induced autophagy leads to degradation of gap junction protein connexin43 in cardiomyocytes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. 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| Ano/Mês | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Novembro | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2024 Outubro | 40 | 31 | 71 |
| 2024 Setembro | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2024 Agosto | 57 | 28 | 85 |
| 2024 Julho | 45 | 29 | 74 |
| 2024 Junho | 45 | 24 | 69 |
| 2024 Maio | 39 | 23 | 62 |
| 2024 Abril | 55 | 23 | 78 |
| 2024 Maro | 33 | 23 | 56 |
| 2024 Fevereiro | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2024 Janeiro | 29 | 29 | 58 |
| 2023 Dezembro | 27 | 21 | 48 |
| 2023 Novembro | 50 | 29 | 79 |
| 2023 Outubro | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2023 Setembro | 21 | 23 | 44 |
| 2023 Agosto | 32 | 16 | 48 |
| 2023 Julho | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2023 Junho | 29 | 17 | 46 |
| 2023 Maio | 34 | 26 | 60 |
| 2023 Abril | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2023 Maro | 21 | 22 | 43 |
| 2023 Fevereiro | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2023 Janeiro | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2022 Dezembro | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2022 Novembro | 33 | 27 | 60 |
| 2022 Outubro | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2022 Setembro | 28 | 41 | 69 |
| 2022 Agosto | 37 | 52 | 89 |
| 2022 Julho | 40 | 39 | 79 |
| 2022 Junho | 24 | 27 | 51 |
| 2022 Maio | 24 | 28 | 52 |
| 2022 Abril | 43 | 28 | 71 |
| 2022 Maro | 28 | 34 | 62 |
| 2022 Fevereiro | 26 | 34 | 60 |
| 2022 Janeiro | 21 | 25 | 46 |
| 2021 Dezembro | 13 | 36 | 49 |
| 2021 Novembro | 31 | 33 | 64 |
| 2021 Outubro | 26 | 50 | 76 |
| 2021 Setembro | 28 | 35 | 63 |
| 2021 Agosto | 35 | 35 | 70 |
| 2021 Julho | 23 | 29 | 52 |
| 2021 Junho | 25 | 16 | 41 |
| 2021 Maio | 27 | 34 | 61 |
| 2021 Abril | 42 | 26 | 68 |
| 2021 Maro | 84 | 22 | 106 |
| 2021 Fevereiro | 59 | 22 | 81 |
| 2021 Janeiro | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2020 Dezembro | 44 | 18 | 62 |
| 2020 Novembro | 34 | 20 | 54 |
| 2020 Outubro | 35 | 10 | 45 |
| 2020 Setembro | 50 | 12 | 62 |
| 2020 Agosto | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2020 Julho | 52 | 13 | 65 |
| 2020 Junho | 49 | 11 | 60 |
| 2020 Maio | 38 | 7 | 45 |
| 2020 Abril | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2020 Maro | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2020 Fevereiro | 42 | 28 | 70 |
| 2020 Janeiro | 42 | 14 | 56 |
| 2019 Dezembro | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2019 Novembro | 34 | 12 | 46 |
| 2019 Outubro | 42 | 8 | 50 |
| 2019 Setembro | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2019 Agosto | 35 | 11 | 46 |
| 2019 Julho | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2019 Junho | 23 | 12 | 35 |
| 2019 Maio | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2019 Abril | 33 | 16 | 49 |
| 2019 Maro | 106 | 19 | 125 |
| 2019 Fevereiro | 122 | 17 | 139 |
| 2019 Janeiro | 70 | 4 | 74 |
| 2018 Dezembro | 70 | 10 | 80 |
| 2018 Novembro | 66 | 18 | 84 |
| 2018 Outubro | 116 | 25 | 141 |
| 2018 Setembro | 63 | 11 | 74 |
| 2018 Agosto | 26 | 11 | 37 |
| 2018 Julho | 26 | 5 | 31 |
| 2018 Junho | 34 | 3 | 37 |
| 2018 Maio | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2018 Abril | 49 | 9 | 58 |
| 2018 Maro | 50 | 16 | 66 |
| 2018 Fevereiro | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2018 Janeiro | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2017 Dezembro | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| 2017 Novembro | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2017 Outubro | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2017 Setembro | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2017 Agosto | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2017 Julho | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2017 Junho | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2017 Maio | 27 | 10 | 37 |
| 2017 Abril | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2017 Maro | 10 | 34 | 44 |
| 2017 Fevereiro | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2017 Janeiro | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2016 Dezembro | 17 | 16 | 33 |
| 2016 Novembro | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2016 Outubro | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2016 Setembro | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| 2016 Agosto | 14 | 22 | 36 |
| 2016 Julho | 16 | 23 | 39 |
| 2016 Junho | 4 | 40 | 44 |
| 2016 Maio | 2 | 95 | 97 |
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