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occluding the SVC&#46; The mass showed no calcifications or necrosis&#44; revealing mild enhancement&#46; The proximal RCA was patent and a small pericardial effusion was observed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pronounced collateral circulation was evident along the thoracic wall&#44; due to SVC obstruction&#46; Based on the imaging findings the hypothesis of primary cardiac lymphoma &#40;PCL&#41; was proposed&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology following endomyocardial biopsies revealed a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma &#40;CD20&#43; and BCL6&#43;&#41;&#46; Whole-body CT and bone marrow biopsy revealed no extracardiac spread&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia was finally implanted via the femoral vein&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chemotherapy with R-COP &#40;rituximab associated with cyclophosphamide&#44; vincristine and prednisolone&#41; was begun&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Follow-up CT performed three months later showed moderate decrease in tumor volume &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malignant tumors of the heart are rare and mostly metastatic&#46; Secondary involvement of the heart in the context of a systemic lymphoma is frequently found at autopsy&#46; PCL&#44; i&#46;e&#46; the exclusive involvement of the heart and&#47;or the pericardium by a lymphoma&#44; accounts for only 1&#46;3&#37; of cardiac tumors and 0&#46;5&#37; of extranodal lymphomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PCLs are predominantly large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and can arise from the epicardium or the myocardium&#44; more frequently in the right cardiac chambers and mostly the RA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical presentation is heterogeneous&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Several non-specific electrocardiographic abnormalities can be found associated with PCL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Complete AV block is the most frequently observed ECG abnormality&#44; as seen in our patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The laboratory data are usually non-specific&#46; Elevated LDH is the most notable finding&#46; TTE is frequently the first-line imaging method&#59; TEE often provides satisfactory images of the right atrium&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> but previous studies have shown a relatively low sensitivity and specificity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> CT and magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; have an excellent spatial resolution&#44; and can easily depict cardiac tumors and provide visualization of the great vessels&#44; heart&#44; pericardium&#44; mediastinum and lung&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> CT usually depicts PCL as an infiltrating epicardial or myocardial mass that is often isoattenuating to hypoattenuating relative to the myocardium&#46; After intravenous contrast&#44; heterogeneous slow enhancement is often shown&#46; The tumor extends along the epicardial surfaces of the heart and AV groove&#44; encasing structures including the coronary arteries and aortic root&#46; These features were present in our case&#46; Pericardial effusion and thickening are common findings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> MRI may be the best modality to depict the cardiac extension of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CT and MRI suggest the differential diagnosis between PCL and angiosarcoma &#40;the most common primary malignancy of the heart&#41; also arising from the RA&#46; Angiosarcomas are extremely invasive through the vessels &#40;coronaries or great vessels&#41; and the valve annular plane&#46; Strong enhancement after contrast is expected in angiosarcomas but not in lymphoma&#46; Central necrosis is also commonly found in angiosarcoma&#44; but is rare in lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Other possible differential diagnosis should include metastatic origin&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> but our patient had no history of extra-cardiac malignancies&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with PCL have a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the aggressiveness of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Prompt diagnosis may allow early treatment and improved prognosis&#46; Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT&#44; along with a high clinical suspicion to detect RA tumors&#44; can improve the early diagnosis of PCL&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; 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Case report
B-cell lymphoma of the heart: A rare diagnosis
Linfoma de células B do coração – Um diagnóstico raro
António P. Matosa,b,
Autor para correspondência
antoniopmatos@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, João Palasa, Constantinos Doulaptsisb, Miguel Ramalhoa, Sérgio Duartec, Jan Bogaertb
a Department of Radiology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
b Department of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Luven, Belgium
c Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
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occluding the SVC&#46; The mass showed no calcifications or necrosis&#44; revealing mild enhancement&#46; The proximal RCA was patent and a small pericardial effusion was observed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pronounced collateral circulation was evident along the thoracic wall&#44; due to SVC obstruction&#46; Based on the imaging findings the hypothesis of primary cardiac lymphoma &#40;PCL&#41; was proposed&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology following endomyocardial biopsies revealed a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma &#40;CD20&#43; and BCL6&#43;&#41;&#46; Whole-body CT and bone marrow biopsy revealed no extracardiac spread&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia was finally implanted via the femoral vein&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chemotherapy with R-COP &#40;rituximab associated with cyclophosphamide&#44; vincristine and prednisolone&#41; was begun&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Follow-up CT performed three months later showed moderate decrease in tumor volume &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malignant tumors of the heart are rare and mostly metastatic&#46; Secondary involvement of the heart in the context of a systemic lymphoma is frequently found at autopsy&#46; PCL&#44; i&#46;e&#46; the exclusive involvement of the heart and&#47;or the pericardium by a lymphoma&#44; accounts for only 1&#46;3&#37; of cardiac tumors and 0&#46;5&#37; of extranodal lymphomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PCLs are predominantly large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and can arise from the epicardium or the myocardium&#44; more frequently in the right cardiac chambers and mostly the RA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical presentation is heterogeneous&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Several non-specific electrocardiographic abnormalities can be found associated with PCL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Complete AV block is the most frequently observed ECG abnormality&#44; as seen in our patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The laboratory data are usually non-specific&#46; Elevated LDH is the most notable finding&#46; TTE is frequently the first-line imaging method&#59; TEE often provides satisfactory images of the right atrium&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> but previous studies have shown a relatively low sensitivity and specificity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> CT and magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; have an excellent spatial resolution&#44; and can easily depict cardiac tumors and provide visualization of the great vessels&#44; heart&#44; pericardium&#44; mediastinum and lung&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> CT usually depicts PCL as an infiltrating epicardial or myocardial mass that is often isoattenuating to hypoattenuating relative to the myocardium&#46; After intravenous contrast&#44; heterogeneous slow enhancement is often shown&#46; The tumor extends along the epicardial surfaces of the heart and AV groove&#44; encasing structures including the coronary arteries and aortic root&#46; These features were present in our case&#46; Pericardial effusion and thickening are common findings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> MRI may be the best modality to depict the cardiac extension of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CT and MRI suggest the differential diagnosis between PCL and angiosarcoma &#40;the most common primary malignancy of the heart&#41; also arising from the RA&#46; Angiosarcomas are extremely invasive through the vessels &#40;coronaries or great vessels&#41; and the valve annular plane&#46; Strong enhancement after contrast is expected in angiosarcomas but not in lymphoma&#46; Central necrosis is also commonly found in angiosarcoma&#44; but is rare in lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Other possible differential diagnosis should include metastatic origin&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> but our patient had no history of extra-cardiac malignancies&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with PCL have a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the aggressiveness of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Prompt diagnosis may allow early treatment and improved prognosis&#46; Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT&#44; along with a high clinical suspicion to detect RA tumors&#44; can improve the early diagnosis of PCL&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We present a case of a primary cardiac lymphoma in a 60-year-old woman&#46; The clinical presentation was non-specific and the diagnosis was suggested by its appearance on multidetector computed tomography&#46; The final diagnosis was achieved by histopathological study and was corroborated by a decrease in tumor volume after targeted chemotherapy&#46; A brief review of the appearance of primary cardiac lymphomas in imaging studies is presented&#46;</p>"
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