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Assim&#44; o efeito que a inefic&#225;cia da aspira&#231;&#227;o do trombo possa ter em doentes onde a TbA fora considerada&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span>&#44; necess&#225;ria&#44; tem sido pouco explorado&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi conhecer os preditores da inefic&#225;cia da TbA durante a ICPP numa s&#233;rie consecutiva de doentes com EAM orientados para ICPP&#44; onde a TbA tenha sido sistematicamente utilizada e como primeira inten&#231;&#227;o &#40;excluem&#8208;se situa&#231;&#245;es de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bail out</span>&#41;&#46; Como objetivo secund&#225;rio&#44; conhecer os preditores de mortalidade cumulativa &#40;card&#237;aca e n&#227;o card&#237;aca&#41; no m&#233;dio prazo p&#243;s&#8208;EAMST&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e defini&#231;&#245;es</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">S&#233;rie retrospetiva de um centro&#44; consecutiva&#44; de doentes com EAMST admitidos para ICPP entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2013&#46; Exclu&#237;ram&#8208;se doentes com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span> aorto&#8208;coron&#225;rio&#46; As vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas&#44; laboratoriais e relacionadas com o procedimento desde a admiss&#227;o at&#233; &#224; alta hospitalar foram compiladas atrav&#233;s da consulta da base eletr&#243;nica de dados hospitalar&#46; O estado vital do doente em seguimento foi avaliado pela consulta do processo cl&#237;nico eletr&#243;nico&#44; atrav&#233;s do contacto com o m&#233;dico assistente&#44; do doente ou familiares&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de EAMST baseou&#8208;se em crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; suportados pelas seguintes altera&#231;&#245;es no eletrocardiograma&#58; eleva&#231;&#227;o de segmento ST &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV em V2&#8208;V3 ou &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV nas outras em pelo menos duas das outras deriva&#231;&#245;es&#44; depress&#227;o de ST em V2&#8208;V3 &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm com onda T positiva &#40;enfarte posterior&#41; ou bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#46; Para este estudo&#44; foram apenas considerados os doentes com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria epic&#225;rdica com imagem de trombo e fluxo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</span> &#40;TIMI&#41; 0 ou 1&#44; onde foi utilizada a TbA manual&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> foi considerado se ap&#243;s a angioplastia n&#227;o se obtivesse fluxo coron&#225;rio distal TIMI &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 ou fluxo TIMI 2&#8208;3&#44; mas com impossibilidade de o contraste perfundir territ&#243;rio capilar mioc&#225;rdico &#40;grau de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#41;&#44; ou se ap&#243;s a perfus&#227;o houvesse estagna&#231;&#227;o de contraste &#40;grau de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; na aus&#234;ncia de espasmo&#44; dissec&#231;&#227;o&#44; ou de trombo coron&#225;rio epic&#225;rdico&#44; que persistissem ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de nitroglicerina e adenosina&#46; Depois da utiliza&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo de aspira&#231;&#227;o manual e antes de prosseguir com a angioplastia &#40;bal&#227;o e&#47;ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span>&#41;&#44; a TbA foi considerada ineficaz &#40;TbANE&#41; se se obtivesse fluxo coron&#225;rio TIMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 e eficaz &#40;TbAE&#41; se fluxo TIMI 2&#8208;3&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O tempo isqu&#233;mico total &#40;TIT&#41; foi o tempo decorrido desde o in&#237;cio das queixas do doente &#40;altura em que as queixas se tornaram intensas e persistentes&#41; at&#233; &#224; passagem do fio guia durante a ICPP&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina &#40;ClCreat&#41; foi calculada atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cockroft&#8208;Gault</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco atrav&#233;s dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events &#40;GRACE&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o para mortalidade hospitalar&#47;seis meses&#41; e TIMI &#40;para EAMST&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> foi determinada para todos os doentes&#46; A classifica&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica atrav&#233;s do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score Synergy between PCI with TAXUS drug&#8208;eluting stent and cardiac surgery &#40;SYNTAX&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> v 2&#46;11 foi realizada com ajuda do s&#237;tio web&#44; considerando&#8208;se todas as les&#245;es com estenoses<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; em vasos de calibre<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; A oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria respons&#225;vel pelo enfarte foi classificada como oclus&#227;o com menos de tr&#234;s meses&#46; A &#225;rea mioc&#225;rdica em risco foi calculada atrav&#233;s do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease &#40;APPROACH&#41; modificado</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Resumidamente&#44; este <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> angiogr&#225;fico permite estimar a percentagem de mioc&#225;rdio que &#233; nutrida por um segmento coron&#225;rio&#44; tendo em aten&#231;&#227;o a domin&#226;ncia e o calibre dos vasos que dele prov&#234;m&#46; &#201; uma classifica&#231;&#227;o simples de implementar e com boa correla&#231;&#227;o com a &#225;rea em risco avaliada por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca &#40;RMC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Tomando como exemplo a art&#233;ria descendente anterior proximal&#44; a &#225;rea em risco estimada &#233; de 47&#44;75&#37; na presen&#231;a de importante vaso diagonal a jusante da oclus&#227;o e de 41&#44;25&#37; se a diagonal for pequena ou inexistente&#46; Toda a an&#225;lise angiogr&#225;fica foi realizada por dois cardiologistas seniores de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Em caso de d&#250;vida&#44; os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> foram atribu&#237;dos por consenso ou pela m&#233;dia das observa&#231;&#245;es individuais&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#40;FEVE&#41; foi calculada por ecocardiografia 2&#8208;D &#40;Phillips iE33&#44; Eindhoven&#44; Holanda&#41; pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson&#46; A FEVE foi considerada como preservada se valores &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o ligeira entre valores &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#37; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o moderada entre &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#37; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o severa se<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#37;&#46; Para efeitos de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; dicotomizou&#8208;se a FEVE em dois grupos&#58; FVE preservada&#47;disfun&#231;&#227;o ligeira e disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada&#47;severa&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos a mortalidade cumulativa global &#40;card&#237;aca e n&#227;o card&#237;aca&#44; hospitalar e no seguimento&#41; como evento cardiovascular <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46; Nesta an&#225;lise&#44; apenas foram considerados doentes com tempo m&#237;nimo de seguimento superior ou igual a 12 meses ap&#243;s o EAMST&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimento e medica&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes foram medicados com aspirina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e clopidogrel 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg antes da ICPP&#44; a n&#227;o ser que j&#225; se encontrassem sob essa medica&#231;&#227;o&#46; O calibre do introdutor arterial foi seis ou sete French&#46; Durante o procedimento&#44; foi administrada heparina n&#227;o fracionada &#40;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;kg&#41;&#46; A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na 2b&#47;3a&#44; tipo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span>&#44; e outros dispositivos adjuvantes na angioplastia foram deixados ao crit&#233;rio do operador&#46; A TbA manual foi exclusivamente efetuada pelo cateter de aspira&#231;&#227;o de trombos Export 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>F &#40;Medtronic&#44; Minneapolis&#44; MN&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s a ICPP&#44; os doentes foram admitidos em unidades de cuidados coron&#225;rios&#46; Procedeu&#8208;se &#224; colheita de marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica &#40;troponina T &#91;TnT&#93;&#44; creatina kinase &#40;CK&#41; e CK&#8208;massa&#41; &#224;s seis&#44; 12&#44; 24 e 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h ap&#243;s reperfus&#227;o&#46; No momento da alta hospitalar&#44; aspirina 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia e clopidogrel 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia foram prescritos a todos os doentes&#44; al&#233;m da medica&#231;&#227;o considerada apropriada segundo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Utilizou&#8208;se o teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov para testar a distribui&#231;&#227;o da normalidade das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; que foram expressas em m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desvio padr&#227;o &#40;SD&#41; ou intervalo interquartil &#40;IQR&#41;&#44; respetivamente&#44; para vari&#225;veis de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal ou n&#227;o normal&#46; Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram comparadas pelo teste t&#8208;Student para amostras independentes&#44; vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal foram comparadas pelo teste Mann&#8208;Whitney&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas em n&#250;mero e percentagens e comparadas pelo teste do qui&#8208;quadrado ou pelo teste exato de Fisher&#46; Os picos de TnT&#44; de CK e CK&#8208;massa foram transformados em logaritmo para permitir testes param&#233;tricos&#46; Para identificar preditores de TbANE utilizou&#8208;se um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica com a TbANE como vari&#225;vel dependente&#46; As vari&#225;veis com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada&#44; foram inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise multivariada a fim de identificar os preditores independentes&#46; A mortalidade n&#227;o ajustada associada &#224; efic&#225;cia da TbA foi calculada atrav&#233;s do m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meyer&#44; sendo a diferen&#231;a obtida atrav&#233;s do teste Log&#8208;Rank&#46; A mortalidade cumulativa ajustada para vari&#225;veis confundidoras foi avaliada por um modelo de Cox&#46; Vari&#225;veis com valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada foram inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise multivariada&#46; Para evitar sobreajustamento&#44; os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> GRACE e TIMI n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos nas regress&#245;es&#46; Todos os testes foram considerados significativos se valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 para duas caudas&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi efetuada em SPSS v&#46;20 &#40;SPSS&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Resultados</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentre 614 doentes com EAMST&#44; exclu&#237;ram&#8208;se 40 por informa&#231;&#227;o insuficiente&#46; Dos 574 doentes estudados&#44; a TbA foi utilizada em 417 doentes &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; considerando&#8208;se eficaz em 365 &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41; e ineficaz em 52 &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; No grupo TbANE&#44; em quatro casos &#40;4&#47;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;7&#37;&#41; a TbA foi ineficaz por impossibilidade de ultrapassar a les&#227;o&#46; O operador procedeu &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o com bal&#227;o e apenas num caso a TbA foi novamente utilizada&#44; igualmente sem sucesso&#46; As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1 e 2</a> resumem as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e as relacionadas com o procedimento&#44; consoante a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#46; Em geral&#44; a TbANE esteve significativamente associada a n&#227;o fumadores&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> GRACE&#44; SYNTAX e classe Killip na admiss&#227;o mais elevados&#44; e TIT mais longo&#46; Relativamente ao procedimento&#44; encontraram&#8208;se diferen&#231;as da art&#233;ria respons&#225;vel pelo enfarte &#40;a circunflexa menos prevalente no grupo TbANE&#41; e coloca&#231;&#227;o mais frequente de bal&#227;o intra&#8208;a&#243;rtico &#40;BIA&#41; no grupo TbANE&#46; Encontrou&#8208;se uma tend&#234;ncia para maior taxa de pr&#233;&#8208;medica&#231;&#227;o com nitratos e bloqueadores da entrada do c&#225;lcio no grupo TbANE&#44; e menor concentra&#231;&#227;o de hemoglobina na admiss&#227;o&#46; Relativamente aos resultados na fase hospitalar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#44; a taxa de fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> foi mais elevada no grupo TbANE&#46; N&#227;o se encontraram diferen&#231;as significativas nos picos enzim&#225;ticos nem nas diferen&#231;as de FEVE antes da alta hospitalar&#44; ressalvando&#8208;se que em 21 &#40;3&#44;7&#37;&#41; doentes n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel obter pico enzim&#225;tico nas primeiras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; em que a principal causa foi o falecimento precoce ap&#243;s o procedimento &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 &#91;90&#44;5&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; Nos 21 doentes&#44; utilizou&#8208;se a TbA em 12 &#40;57&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; que foi eficaz em 7 &#40;58&#44;3&#37;&#41; e ineficaz em 5 &#40;41&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do internamento no grupo TbANE foi mais longa&#46; A taxa de mortalidade foi nominalmente mais elevada &#40;13&#44;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 6&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;073&#41; no grupo TbANE&#44; mas sem atingir significado estat&#237;stico&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise univariada&#44; a idade&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX&#44; o tabagismo ativo&#44; a concentra&#231;&#227;o de hemoglobina na admiss&#227;o&#44; a medica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via com nitratos ou bloqueadores da entrada de c&#225;lcio&#44; o TIT e a classe 3 ou 4 de Killip na admiss&#227;o correlacionaram&#8208;se com a TbANE&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; apenas o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;015&#8208;1&#44;084&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41; e o TIT &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;000&#8208;1&#44;003&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41; se mantiveram como preditores independentes&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Identificamos 331 doentes com pelo menos 12 meses de seguimento desde o EAMST&#46; Em dois &#40;0&#44;6&#37;&#41; doentes n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel obter o estado vital&#46; Foi ent&#227;o poss&#237;vel estudar 329 doentes inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise de mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;82 meses&#44; taxa de mortalidade cumulativa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; A mortalidade cumulativa n&#227;o ajustada foi mais elevada nos doentes onde a trombectomia foi n&#227;o eficaz &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s ajustamento para covari&#225;veis com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;g&#233;nero&#44; idade&#44; efic&#225;cia da trombectomia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> APPROACH e SYNTAX&#44; fumo ativo&#44; TIT&#44; ClCreat&#44; vaso alvo&#44; coloca&#231;&#227;o de BIA&#44; hemoglobinemia&#44; tens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e classe Killip 3&#8208;4 na admiss&#227;o e FEVE no momento da alta&#41;&#44; a FEVE com disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada&#47;severa &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;896&#8208;20&#44;644&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> APPROACH &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;016&#8208;1&#44;177&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41;&#44; e a classe 3&#8208;4 de Killip &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;122&#8208;7&#44;770&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41; correlacionaram&#8208;se de forma positiva com a mortalidade&#44; enquanto valores crescentes da ClCreat tiveram efeito protetor &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;953&#8208;0&#44;994&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta s&#233;rie&#44; a TbA foi utilizada como primeira inten&#231;&#227;o na maioria &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41; dos doentes&#44; tendo sido eficaz na grande maioria dos casos &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Parece&#8208;nos razo&#225;vel que quanto mais organizado se encontrar o trombo&#44; menor ser&#225; a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#44; n&#227;o surpreendendo que quanto maior for o atraso desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; &#224; reperfus&#227;o&#44; menor ser&#225; a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#46; Neste particular&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o TIT e a organiza&#231;&#227;o do trombo como preditores de eventos adversos fora j&#225; anteriormente descrita<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;32</span></a>&#46; Desconhec&#237;amos&#44; contudo&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX e a TbANE&#46; Sup&#245;e&#8208;se que em condi&#231;&#245;es anat&#243;micas mais desfavor&#225;veis a t&#233;cnica de aspira&#231;&#227;o fique comprometida&#44; por exemplo&#44; devido a tortuosidades ou calcifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; ou mesmo devido &#224; maior quantidade de placa com risco de emboliza&#231;&#227;o distal e consequente microperfus&#227;o inadequada&#46; Nalgumas s&#233;ries de doentes submetidos a ICPP j&#225; se demonstrou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX e o risco de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo exclu&#237;do da an&#225;lise os doentes em que a TbA n&#227;o fora utilizada&#44; porventura em vasos de menor calibre ou com menor quantidade de trombo em que se previa menor vantagem da TbA&#44; a utiliza&#231;&#227;o desta t&#233;cnica de forma sistem&#225;tica perspetivaria menor &#225;rea de enfarte se fosse eficaz&#46; Esse pressuposto n&#227;o se confirmou nesta s&#233;rie de doentes&#46; Sendo certo que o pico enzim&#225;tico pode apenas estimar a extens&#227;o do enfarte&#44; sabe&#8208;se que a correla&#231;&#227;o entre os picos enzim&#225;ticos e a &#225;rea de enfarte avaliada por RMC tem sido muito razo&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a>&#46; Nalgumas s&#233;ries onde a RMC foi utilizada para avaliar a &#225;rea de necrose&#44; os doentes submetidos a TbA n&#227;o tiverem menor extens&#227;o do enfarte<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;36</span></a>&#44; mesmo nos casos onde se demonstrou ser menor a obstru&#231;&#227;o microvascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos de mortalidade&#44; n&#227;o seria de esperar grande diferen&#231;a face &#224; dimens&#227;o reduzida da amostra para avaliar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos&#46; Contudo&#44; a tend&#234;ncia verificada na mortalidade hospitalar poder&#225; tornar&#8208;se mais evidente em s&#233;ries de dimens&#227;o mais robusta&#46; No subgrupo avaliado para a mortalidade cumulativa&#44; e sem surpresa&#44; a FEVE moderada&#47;severa e a classe Killip 3&#8208;4 foram fortes preditores independentes para a mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46; Estas duas caracter&#237;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#44; a par da &#225;rea mioc&#225;rdica em risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#44; t&#234;m sido referenciadas como marcadores de progn&#243;stico adverso&#46; Facto interessante &#233; que o impacto da TbA pode ser significativo apenas em doentes com maior &#225;rea em risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#44; mas faltam estudos prospetivos dirigidos para confirmar esta hip&#243;tese&#46; A insufici&#234;ncia renal tem sido v&#225;rias vezes apontada como causa independente de mortalidade no doente com EAMST<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a>&#46; &#201; pois de esperar que valores mais elevados de ClCreat se associem a efeito protetor&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A discuss&#227;o em torno da TbA na reperfus&#227;o est&#225; longe de chegar a consenso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; A diverg&#234;ncia encontrada nas publica&#231;&#245;es at&#233; &#224; data poder&#225; dever&#8208;se a s&#233;ries de dimens&#227;o modesta para avalia&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos e a metodologias distintas para avaliar a microperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria&#46; Por outro lado&#44; parece que nem todos os doentes beneficiam da mesma forma da TbA&#44; o que espelha bem a heterogeneidade dos doentes com EAMST&#46; Relativamente aos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos mais importantes&#44; apenas em s&#233;ries de grande dimens&#227;o ou em meta&#8208;an&#225;lises se poder&#227;o encontrar respostas s&#243;lidas&#44; pelo que os nossos resultados referentes &#224; mortalidade devem ser interpretados com cautela&#46; &#201; sabido que doentes com fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> t&#234;m taxas acrescidas de mortalidade a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o significativa encontrada entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> e a TbANE poder&#225; traduzir&#8208;se em mortalidade cumulativa acrescida em s&#233;ries de maior dimens&#227;o&#44; que permitam estudar esta rela&#231;&#227;o com maior detalhe&#46; Na globalidade&#44; os resultados deste estudo observacional aproximam&#8208;se das &#250;ltimas s&#233;ries em que a TbA &#233; comparada com a ICPP convencional&#46; Com exce&#231;&#227;o da menor taxa de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span>&#44; a TbAE n&#227;o se traduziu num benef&#237;cio inequ&#237;voco face &#224; TbANE&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Limita&#231;&#245;es</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es devem ser consideradas&#58; trata&#8208;se de estudo unic&#234;ntrico e retrospetivo&#44; com n&#250;mero modesto de doentes para avaliar impacto na mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46; A taxa de inefic&#225;cia da TbA foi muito baixa &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#37;&#41;&#44; o que pode ter implica&#231;&#245;es nos resultados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa s&#233;rie&#44; a TbANE em 12&#44;5&#37; dos casos&#44; em que o tempo de sintomas at&#233; &#224; reperfus&#227;o e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX foram os preditores independentes&#46; Na an&#225;lise mutlivariada&#44; a inefic&#225;cia da TbA n&#227;o se relacionou com maior &#225;rea de enfarte ou com aumento de mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que para esta investiga&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se realizaram experi&#234;ncias em seres humanos e&#47;ou animais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidencialidade dos dados</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito</span><p id="par1175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que n&#227;o aparecem dados de pacientes neste artigo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-05-04"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Trombectomia"
            1 => "Enfarte agudo de mioc&#225;rdio"
            2 => "Reperfus&#227;o"
            3 => "Aspira&#231;&#227;o de trombo"
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            0 => "Thrombus aspiration"
            1 => "ST&#8208;elevation myocardial infarction"
            2 => "Reperfusion"
            3 => "Thrombectomy"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O benef&#237;cio da trombectomia aspirativa manual &#40;TbA&#41; na reperfus&#227;o do enfarte de mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST &#40;EAMST&#41; tem sido muito debatida&#46; Na maioria das s&#233;ries&#44; a inefic&#225;cia da TbA tem sido pouco evidenciada&#46; Os nossos objetivos visaram conhecer a taxa&#44; os preditores e o impacto na mortalidade cumulativa da TbA ineficaz &#40;TbANE&#41; numa s&#233;rie de doentes submetidos a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria &#40;ICPP&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo&#44; unic&#234;ntrico&#44; consecutivo&#44; de doentes com EAMST submetidos a ICPP com TbA&#46; Considerou&#8208;se TbANE se ap&#243;s a TbA e antes de prosseguir a angioplastia se se obtivesse fluxo coron&#225;rio TIMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; Identificaram&#8208;se preditores independentes de TbANE por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada&#46; Os preditores de mortalidade cumulativa foram identificados por modelo de Cox&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dentre 574 doentes&#44; utilizou&#8208;se a TbA em 417 &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; que foi eficaz em 365 &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; ineficaz em 52 &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;015&#8208;1&#44;084&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41; e o tempo isqu&#233;mico total &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;000&#8208;1&#44;003&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41; foram os preditores independentes de TbANE&#46; A disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda moderada&#47;severa &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;896&#8208;20&#44;644&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> APPROACH &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;016&#8208;1&#44;177&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41;&#44; a classe 3&#8208;4 de Killip &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;122&#8208;7&#44;770&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41; e a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina na admiss&#227;o &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#44;953&#8208;0&#44;994&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#44; relacionaram&#8208;se de forma independente com a mortalidade cumulativa &#40;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;82 meses&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tempo de sintomas e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX foram preditores independentes de TbANE&#46; Contudo&#44; a TbANE n&#227;o teve impacto independente com a mortalidade cumulativa a m&#233;dio prazo&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The benefit of manual thrombus aspiration &#40;TA&#41; in the reperfusion of patients with ST&#8208;elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; has been hotly debated&#46; In most series&#44; failure of TA has been largely unreported&#46; Our objectives were to assess the rate&#44; predictors&#44; and impact on cumulative mortality of failed TA during primary percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PPCI&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a single&#8208;center&#44; retrospective study of consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI with TA&#46; TA was considered ineffective if&#44; before angioplasty&#44; coronary flow was TIMI &#60;2&#46; Independent predictors of TA failure were assessed by logistic regression&#44; and predictors of cumulative mortality were assessed by Cox regression analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of 574 patients&#44; TA was used in 417 &#40;72&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; and was effective in 365 &#40;87&#46;5&#37;&#41; and ineffective in 52 &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; On multivariate analysis&#44; SYNTAX score &#40;OR&#61;1&#46;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;015&#8211;1&#46;084&#44; p&#61;0&#46;005&#41; and total ischemic time &#40;OR&#61;1&#46;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;000&#8211;1&#46;003&#44; p&#61;0&#46;02&#41; were independent predictors of TA failure&#46; Moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction &#40;HR&#61;6&#46;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;896&#8211;20&#46;644&#44; p&#61;0&#46;003&#41;&#44; APPROACH score &#40;HR&#61;1&#46;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;016&#8211;1&#46;177&#44; p&#61;0&#46;017&#41;&#44; Killip class III&#47;IV &#40;HR&#61;2&#46;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;122&#8211;7&#46;770&#44; p&#61;0&#46;028&#41; and creatinine clearance on admission &#40;HR&#61;0&#46;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;953&#8211;0&#46;994&#44; p&#61;0&#46;011&#41; were independently related to cumulative mortality at 24&#177;0&#46;82 months&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total ischemic time and SYNTAX score were independent predictors of TA failure&#46; However&#44; in medium&#8208;term follow&#8208;up&#44; ineffective manual TA was not independently related to cumulative mortality&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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        "identificador" => "nom0005"
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          0 => array:2 [
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Abreviaturas e acr&#243;nimos</span>"
            "definicion" => array:13 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TbA"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trombectomia aspirativa</p>"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "EAMST"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enfarte agudo de mioc&#225;rdico com eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST</p>"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "ICPP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria</p>"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TIMI"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</p>"
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              4 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TbAE"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trombectomia aspirativa eficaz</p>"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TbANE"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trombectomia aspirativa n&#227;o eficaz</p>"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "RMC"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca</p>"
              ]
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antagonistas do c&#225;lcio &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anticoagulantes orais &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GRACE &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TIMI &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Killip 3&#8208;4 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tronco comum &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo de stent</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Drug</span>&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">eluting stent</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bare</span>&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">metal</span> stent &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bal&#227;o &#40;apenas&#41; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SYNTAX &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo Original
A trombectomia aspirativa na reperfusão do enfarte agudo de miocárdio: preditores e impacto clínico da sua ineficácia
Thrombus aspiration for reperfusion in myocardial infarction: Predictors and clinical impact of ineffectiveness
André Luz
Autor para correspondência
andrecoimbraluz@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Patrícia Rodrigues, Maria João Sousa, Inês Silveira, Diana Anjo, Bruno Brochado, Mário Santos, João Silveira, Henrique Cyrne Carvalho, Severo Torres
Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
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das ICPP nos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica &#40;EUA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Apesar de alguns estudos aleatorizados demonstrarem benef&#237;cios cl&#237;nicos ao reduzir eventos cardiovasculares <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a>&#44; que foram posteriormente reafirmados em meta&#8208;an&#225;lises<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;16&#8211;18</span></a>&#44; algumas s&#233;ries &#40;onde se inclui uma de grande dimens&#227;o&#41; n&#227;o t&#234;m confirmada a mesma efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;22</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; nalguns casos&#44; a TbA pode ser dif&#237;cil de utilizar &#40;10&#37; dos doentes alocados para TbA no estudo TAPAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#41;&#46; 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depress&#227;o de ST em V2&#8208;V3 &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm com onda T positiva &#40;enfarte posterior&#41; ou bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#46; Para este estudo&#44; foram apenas considerados os doentes com art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria epic&#225;rdica com imagem de trombo e fluxo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</span> &#40;TIMI&#41; 0 ou 1&#44; onde foi utilizada a TbA manual&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> foi considerado se ap&#243;s a angioplastia n&#227;o se obtivesse fluxo coron&#225;rio distal TIMI &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 ou fluxo TIMI 2&#8208;3&#44; mas com impossibilidade de o contraste perfundir territ&#243;rio capilar mioc&#225;rdico &#40;grau de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#41;&#44; 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at&#233; &#224; passagem do fio guia durante a ICPP&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina &#40;ClCreat&#41; foi calculada atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cockroft&#8208;Gault</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco atrav&#233;s dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events &#40;GRACE&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o para mortalidade hospitalar&#47;seis meses&#41; e TIMI &#40;para EAMST&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> foi determinada para todos os doentes&#46; A classifica&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica atrav&#233;s do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score Synergy between PCI with TAXUS drug&#8208;eluting stent and cardiac surgery &#40;SYNTAX&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> v 2&#46;11 foi realizada com ajuda do s&#237;tio web&#44; considerando&#8208;se todas as les&#245;es com estenoses<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; em vasos de calibre<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; A oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria respons&#225;vel pelo enfarte foi classificada como oclus&#227;o com menos de tr&#234;s meses&#46; A &#225;rea mioc&#225;rdica em risco foi calculada atrav&#233;s do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease &#40;APPROACH&#41; modificado</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Resumidamente&#44; este <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> angiogr&#225;fico permite estimar a percentagem de mioc&#225;rdio que &#233; nutrida por um segmento coron&#225;rio&#44; tendo em aten&#231;&#227;o a domin&#226;ncia e o calibre dos vasos que dele prov&#234;m&#46; &#201; uma classifica&#231;&#227;o simples de implementar e com boa correla&#231;&#227;o com a &#225;rea em risco avaliada por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca &#40;RMC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Tomando como exemplo a art&#233;ria descendente anterior proximal&#44; a &#225;rea em risco estimada &#233; de 47&#44;75&#37; na presen&#231;a de importante vaso diagonal a jusante da oclus&#227;o e de 41&#44;25&#37; se a diagonal for pequena ou inexistente&#46; Toda a an&#225;lise angiogr&#225;fica foi realizada por dois cardiologistas seniores de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Em caso de d&#250;vida&#44; os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> foram atribu&#237;dos por consenso ou pela m&#233;dia das observa&#231;&#245;es individuais&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#40;FEVE&#41; foi calculada por ecocardiografia 2&#8208;D &#40;Phillips iE33&#44; Eindhoven&#44; Holanda&#41; pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson&#46; A FEVE foi considerada como preservada se valores &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o ligeira entre valores &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#37; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o moderada entre &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#37; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#37;&#44; depress&#227;o severa se<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#37;&#46; Para efeitos de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; dicotomizou&#8208;se a FEVE em dois grupos&#58; FVE preservada&#47;disfun&#231;&#227;o ligeira e disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada&#47;severa&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos a mortalidade cumulativa global &#40;card&#237;aca e n&#227;o card&#237;aca&#44; hospitalar e no seguimento&#41; como evento cardiovascular <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span>&#46; Nesta an&#225;lise&#44; apenas foram considerados doentes com tempo m&#237;nimo de seguimento superior ou igual a 12 meses ap&#243;s o EAMST&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimento e medica&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes foram medicados com aspirina 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e clopidogrel 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg antes da ICPP&#44; a n&#227;o ser que j&#225; se encontrassem sob essa medica&#231;&#227;o&#46; O calibre do introdutor arterial foi seis ou sete French&#46; Durante o procedimento&#44; foi administrada heparina n&#227;o fracionada &#40;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;kg&#41;&#46; A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na 2b&#47;3a&#44; tipo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span>&#44; e outros dispositivos adjuvantes na angioplastia foram deixados ao crit&#233;rio do operador&#46; A TbA manual foi exclusivamente efetuada pelo cateter de aspira&#231;&#227;o de trombos Export 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>F &#40;Medtronic&#44; Minneapolis&#44; MN&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s a ICPP&#44; os doentes foram admitidos em unidades de cuidados coron&#225;rios&#46; Procedeu&#8208;se &#224; colheita de marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica &#40;troponina T &#91;TnT&#93;&#44; creatina kinase &#40;CK&#41; e CK&#8208;massa&#41; &#224;s seis&#44; 12&#44; 24 e 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h ap&#243;s reperfus&#227;o&#46; No momento da alta hospitalar&#44; aspirina 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia e clopidogrel 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia foram prescritos a todos os doentes&#44; al&#233;m da medica&#231;&#227;o considerada apropriada segundo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Utilizou&#8208;se o teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov para testar a distribui&#231;&#227;o da normalidade das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; que foram expressas em m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desvio padr&#227;o &#40;SD&#41; ou intervalo interquartil &#40;IQR&#41;&#44; respetivamente&#44; para vari&#225;veis de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal ou n&#227;o normal&#46; Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram comparadas pelo teste t&#8208;Student para amostras independentes&#44; vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal foram comparadas pelo teste Mann&#8208;Whitney&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas em n&#250;mero e percentagens e comparadas pelo teste do qui&#8208;quadrado ou pelo teste exato de Fisher&#46; Os picos de TnT&#44; de CK e CK&#8208;massa foram transformados em logaritmo para permitir testes param&#233;tricos&#46; Para identificar preditores de TbANE utilizou&#8208;se um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica com a TbANE como vari&#225;vel dependente&#46; As vari&#225;veis com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada&#44; foram inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise multivariada a fim de identificar os preditores independentes&#46; A mortalidade n&#227;o ajustada associada &#224; efic&#225;cia da TbA foi calculada atrav&#233;s do m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meyer&#44; sendo a diferen&#231;a obtida atrav&#233;s do teste Log&#8208;Rank&#46; A mortalidade cumulativa ajustada para vari&#225;veis confundidoras foi avaliada por um modelo de Cox&#46; Vari&#225;veis com valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada foram inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise multivariada&#46; Para evitar sobreajustamento&#44; os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> GRACE e TIMI n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos nas regress&#245;es&#46; Todos os testes foram considerados significativos se valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 para duas caudas&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi efetuada em SPSS v&#46;20 &#40;SPSS&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Resultados</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentre 614 doentes com EAMST&#44; exclu&#237;ram&#8208;se 40 por informa&#231;&#227;o insuficiente&#46; Dos 574 doentes estudados&#44; a TbA foi utilizada em 417 doentes &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; considerando&#8208;se eficaz em 365 &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41; e ineficaz em 52 &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; No grupo TbANE&#44; em quatro casos &#40;4&#47;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;7&#37;&#41; a TbA foi ineficaz por impossibilidade de ultrapassar a les&#227;o&#46; O operador procedeu &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o com bal&#227;o e apenas num caso a TbA foi novamente utilizada&#44; igualmente sem sucesso&#46; As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1 e 2</a> resumem as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e as relacionadas com o procedimento&#44; consoante a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#46; Em geral&#44; a TbANE esteve significativamente associada a n&#227;o fumadores&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> GRACE&#44; SYNTAX e classe Killip na admiss&#227;o mais elevados&#44; e TIT mais longo&#46; Relativamente ao procedimento&#44; encontraram&#8208;se diferen&#231;as da art&#233;ria respons&#225;vel pelo enfarte &#40;a circunflexa menos prevalente no grupo TbANE&#41; e coloca&#231;&#227;o mais frequente de bal&#227;o intra&#8208;a&#243;rtico &#40;BIA&#41; no grupo TbANE&#46; Encontrou&#8208;se uma tend&#234;ncia para maior taxa de pr&#233;&#8208;medica&#231;&#227;o com nitratos e bloqueadores da entrada do c&#225;lcio no grupo TbANE&#44; e menor concentra&#231;&#227;o de hemoglobina na admiss&#227;o&#46; Relativamente aos resultados na fase hospitalar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabela 3</a>&#41;&#44; a taxa de fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> foi mais elevada no grupo TbANE&#46; N&#227;o se encontraram diferen&#231;as significativas nos picos enzim&#225;ticos nem nas diferen&#231;as de FEVE antes da alta hospitalar&#44; ressalvando&#8208;se que em 21 &#40;3&#44;7&#37;&#41; doentes n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel obter pico enzim&#225;tico nas primeiras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; em que a principal causa foi o falecimento precoce ap&#243;s o procedimento &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19 &#91;90&#44;5&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; Nos 21 doentes&#44; utilizou&#8208;se a TbA em 12 &#40;57&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; que foi eficaz em 7 &#40;58&#44;3&#37;&#41; e ineficaz em 5 &#40;41&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do internamento no grupo TbANE foi mais longa&#46; A taxa de mortalidade foi nominalmente mais elevada &#40;13&#44;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 6&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;073&#41; no grupo TbANE&#44; mas sem atingir significado estat&#237;stico&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise univariada&#44; a idade&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX&#44; o tabagismo ativo&#44; a concentra&#231;&#227;o de hemoglobina na admiss&#227;o&#44; a medica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via com nitratos ou bloqueadores da entrada de c&#225;lcio&#44; o TIT e a classe 3 ou 4 de Killip na admiss&#227;o correlacionaram&#8208;se com a TbANE&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; apenas o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;015&#8208;1&#44;084&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41; e o TIT &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;000&#8208;1&#44;003&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41; se mantiveram como preditores independentes&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Identificamos 331 doentes com pelo menos 12 meses de seguimento desde o EAMST&#46; Em dois &#40;0&#44;6&#37;&#41; doentes n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel obter o estado vital&#46; Foi ent&#227;o poss&#237;vel estudar 329 doentes inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise de mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;82 meses&#44; taxa de mortalidade cumulativa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; A mortalidade cumulativa n&#227;o ajustada foi mais elevada nos doentes onde a trombectomia foi n&#227;o eficaz &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s ajustamento para covari&#225;veis com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;g&#233;nero&#44; idade&#44; efic&#225;cia da trombectomia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">scores</span> APPROACH e SYNTAX&#44; fumo ativo&#44; TIT&#44; ClCreat&#44; vaso alvo&#44; coloca&#231;&#227;o de BIA&#44; hemoglobinemia&#44; tens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e classe Killip 3&#8208;4 na admiss&#227;o e FEVE no momento da alta&#41;&#44; a FEVE com disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada&#47;severa &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;896&#8208;20&#44;644&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> APPROACH &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;016&#8208;1&#44;177&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41;&#44; e a classe 3&#8208;4 de Killip &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;122&#8208;7&#44;770&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41; correlacionaram&#8208;se de forma positiva com a mortalidade&#44; enquanto valores crescentes da ClCreat tiveram efeito protetor &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;953&#8208;0&#44;994&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta s&#233;rie&#44; a TbA foi utilizada como primeira inten&#231;&#227;o na maioria &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41; dos doentes&#44; tendo sido eficaz na grande maioria dos casos &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Parece&#8208;nos razo&#225;vel que quanto mais organizado se encontrar o trombo&#44; menor ser&#225; a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#44; n&#227;o surpreendendo que quanto maior for o atraso desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; &#224; reperfus&#227;o&#44; menor ser&#225; a efic&#225;cia da TbA&#46; Neste particular&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o TIT e a organiza&#231;&#227;o do trombo como preditores de eventos adversos fora j&#225; anteriormente descrita<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;32</span></a>&#46; Desconhec&#237;amos&#44; contudo&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX e a TbANE&#46; Sup&#245;e&#8208;se que em condi&#231;&#245;es anat&#243;micas mais desfavor&#225;veis a t&#233;cnica de aspira&#231;&#227;o fique comprometida&#44; por exemplo&#44; devido a tortuosidades ou calcifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; ou mesmo devido &#224; maior quantidade de placa com risco de emboliza&#231;&#227;o distal e consequente microperfus&#227;o inadequada&#46; Nalgumas s&#233;ries de doentes submetidos a ICPP j&#225; se demonstrou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX e o risco de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo exclu&#237;do da an&#225;lise os doentes em que a TbA n&#227;o fora utilizada&#44; porventura em vasos de menor calibre ou com menor quantidade de trombo em que se previa menor vantagem da TbA&#44; a utiliza&#231;&#227;o desta t&#233;cnica de forma sistem&#225;tica perspetivaria menor &#225;rea de enfarte se fosse eficaz&#46; Esse pressuposto n&#227;o se confirmou nesta s&#233;rie de doentes&#46; Sendo certo que o pico enzim&#225;tico pode apenas estimar a extens&#227;o do enfarte&#44; sabe&#8208;se que a correla&#231;&#227;o entre os picos enzim&#225;ticos e a &#225;rea de enfarte avaliada por RMC tem sido muito razo&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a>&#46; Nalgumas s&#233;ries onde a RMC foi utilizada para avaliar a &#225;rea de necrose&#44; os doentes submetidos a TbA n&#227;o tiverem menor extens&#227;o do enfarte<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;36</span></a>&#44; mesmo nos casos onde se demonstrou ser menor a obstru&#231;&#227;o microvascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos de mortalidade&#44; n&#227;o seria de esperar grande diferen&#231;a face &#224; dimens&#227;o reduzida da amostra para avaliar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos&#46; Contudo&#44; a tend&#234;ncia verificada na mortalidade hospitalar poder&#225; tornar&#8208;se mais evidente em s&#233;ries de dimens&#227;o mais robusta&#46; No subgrupo avaliado para a mortalidade cumulativa&#44; e sem surpresa&#44; a FEVE moderada&#47;severa e a classe Killip 3&#8208;4 foram fortes preditores independentes para a mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46; Estas duas caracter&#237;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#44; a par da &#225;rea mioc&#225;rdica em risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#44; t&#234;m sido referenciadas como marcadores de progn&#243;stico adverso&#46; Facto interessante &#233; que o impacto da TbA pode ser significativo apenas em doentes com maior &#225;rea em risco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#44; mas faltam estudos prospetivos dirigidos para confirmar esta hip&#243;tese&#46; A insufici&#234;ncia renal tem sido v&#225;rias vezes apontada como causa independente de mortalidade no doente com EAMST<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a>&#46; &#201; pois de esperar que valores mais elevados de ClCreat se associem a efeito protetor&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A discuss&#227;o em torno da TbA na reperfus&#227;o est&#225; longe de chegar a consenso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46; A diverg&#234;ncia encontrada nas publica&#231;&#245;es at&#233; &#224; data poder&#225; dever&#8208;se a s&#233;ries de dimens&#227;o modesta para avalia&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos e a metodologias distintas para avaliar a microperfus&#227;o coron&#225;ria&#46; Por outro lado&#44; parece que nem todos os doentes beneficiam da mesma forma da TbA&#44; o que espelha bem a heterogeneidade dos doentes com EAMST&#46; Relativamente aos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoints</span> cl&#237;nicos mais importantes&#44; apenas em s&#233;ries de grande dimens&#227;o ou em meta&#8208;an&#225;lises se poder&#227;o encontrar respostas s&#243;lidas&#44; pelo que os nossos resultados referentes &#224; mortalidade devem ser interpretados com cautela&#46; &#201; sabido que doentes com fen&#243;meno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> t&#234;m taxas acrescidas de mortalidade a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o significativa encontrada entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span> e a TbANE poder&#225; traduzir&#8208;se em mortalidade cumulativa acrescida em s&#233;ries de maior dimens&#227;o&#44; que permitam estudar esta rela&#231;&#227;o com maior detalhe&#46; Na globalidade&#44; os resultados deste estudo observacional aproximam&#8208;se das &#250;ltimas s&#233;ries em que a TbA &#233; comparada com a ICPP convencional&#46; Com exce&#231;&#227;o da menor taxa de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no&#8208;reflow</span>&#44; a TbAE n&#227;o se traduziu num benef&#237;cio inequ&#237;voco face &#224; TbANE&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Limita&#231;&#245;es</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es devem ser consideradas&#58; trata&#8208;se de estudo unic&#234;ntrico e retrospetivo&#44; com n&#250;mero modesto de doentes para avaliar impacto na mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46; A taxa de inefic&#225;cia da TbA foi muito baixa &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#37;&#41;&#44; o que pode ter implica&#231;&#245;es nos resultados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa s&#233;rie&#44; a TbANE em 12&#44;5&#37; dos casos&#44; em que o tempo de sintomas at&#233; &#224; reperfus&#227;o e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX foram os preditores independentes&#46; Na an&#225;lise mutlivariada&#44; a inefic&#225;cia da TbA n&#227;o se relacionou com maior &#225;rea de enfarte ou com aumento de mortalidade a m&#233;dio prazo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que para esta investiga&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se realizaram experi&#234;ncias em seres humanos e&#47;ou animais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidencialidade dos dados</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito</span><p id="par1175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que n&#227;o aparecem dados de pacientes neste artigo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-02-21"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-05-04"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O benef&#237;cio da trombectomia aspirativa manual &#40;TbA&#41; na reperfus&#227;o do enfarte de mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o de ST &#40;EAMST&#41; tem sido muito debatida&#46; Na maioria das s&#233;ries&#44; a inefic&#225;cia da TbA tem sido pouco evidenciada&#46; Os nossos objetivos visaram conhecer a taxa&#44; os preditores e o impacto na mortalidade cumulativa da TbA ineficaz &#40;TbANE&#41; numa s&#233;rie de doentes submetidos a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria &#40;ICPP&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospetivo&#44; unic&#234;ntrico&#44; consecutivo&#44; de doentes com EAMST submetidos a ICPP com TbA&#46; Considerou&#8208;se TbANE se ap&#243;s a TbA e antes de prosseguir a angioplastia se se obtivesse fluxo coron&#225;rio TIMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; Identificaram&#8208;se preditores independentes de TbANE por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada&#46; Os preditores de mortalidade cumulativa foram identificados por modelo de Cox&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dentre 574 doentes&#44; utilizou&#8208;se a TbA em 417 &#40;72&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; que foi eficaz em 365 &#40;87&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; ineficaz em 52 &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;015&#8208;1&#44;084&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41; e o tempo isqu&#233;mico total &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;000&#8208;1&#44;003&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41; foram os preditores independentes de TbANE&#46; A disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda moderada&#47;severa &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;896&#8208;20&#44;644&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> APPROACH &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;016&#8208;1&#44;177&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41;&#44; a classe 3&#8208;4 de Killip &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;122&#8208;7&#44;770&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41; e a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina na admiss&#227;o &#40;HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#44;953&#8208;0&#44;994&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#44; relacionaram&#8208;se de forma independente com a mortalidade cumulativa &#40;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;82 meses&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tempo de sintomas e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> SYNTAX foram preditores independentes de TbANE&#46; Contudo&#44; a TbANE n&#227;o teve impacto independente com a mortalidade cumulativa a m&#233;dio prazo&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The benefit of manual thrombus aspiration &#40;TA&#41; in the reperfusion of patients with ST&#8208;elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; has been hotly debated&#46; In most series&#44; failure of TA has been largely unreported&#46; Our objectives were to assess the rate&#44; predictors&#44; and impact on cumulative mortality of failed TA during primary percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PPCI&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a single&#8208;center&#44; retrospective study of consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI with TA&#46; TA was considered ineffective if&#44; before angioplasty&#44; coronary flow was TIMI &#60;2&#46; Independent predictors of TA failure were assessed by logistic regression&#44; and predictors of cumulative mortality were assessed by Cox regression analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of 574 patients&#44; TA was used in 417 &#40;72&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; and was effective in 365 &#40;87&#46;5&#37;&#41; and ineffective in 52 &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; On multivariate analysis&#44; SYNTAX score &#40;OR&#61;1&#46;049&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;015&#8211;1&#46;084&#44; p&#61;0&#46;005&#41; and total ischemic time &#40;OR&#61;1&#46;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;000&#8211;1&#46;003&#44; p&#61;0&#46;02&#41; were independent predictors of TA failure&#46; Moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction &#40;HR&#61;6&#46;256&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;896&#8211;20&#46;644&#44; p&#61;0&#46;003&#41;&#44; APPROACH score &#40;HR&#61;1&#46;094&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;016&#8211;1&#46;177&#44; p&#61;0&#46;017&#41;&#44; Killip class III&#47;IV &#40;HR&#61;2&#46;953&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;122&#8211;7&#46;770&#44; p&#61;0&#46;028&#41; and creatinine clearance on admission &#40;HR&#61;0&#46;973&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;953&#8211;0&#46;994&#44; p&#61;0&#46;011&#41; were independently related to cumulative mortality at 24&#177;0&#46;82 months&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total ischemic time and SYNTAX score were independent predictors of TA failure&#46; However&#44; in medium&#8208;term follow&#8208;up&#44; ineffective manual TA was not independently related to cumulative mortality&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">64&#44;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">274 &#40;75&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;75&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">91 &#40;24&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">86 &#40;23&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;31&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;229&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercolesterolemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;49&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;345&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertens&#227;o &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">210 &#40;57&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;52&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;446&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fumador &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">211 &#40;58&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de massa corporal&#44; kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;692&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antecedentes de enfarte &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;6&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;5&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Angina pr&#233;&#8208;enfarte&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">129 &#40;35&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;35&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;962&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clearance</span> creatinina &#40;ml&#47;min&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">88&#44;44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">82&#44;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobina &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41; &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medica&#231;&#227;o em curso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bloqueador beta &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;12&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;10&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;659&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estatina &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">79 &#40;21&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;542&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IECAv&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;16&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;12&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;384&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ARAII &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;17&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;18&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;917&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antagonistas do c&#225;lcio &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TIMI &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TbAE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TbANE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pico de CK &#40;U&#47;L&#41; &#40;IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;633<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pico de CK&#8208;massa &#40;U&#47;L&#41; &#40;IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pico de TnT &#40;IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;500<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No&#8208;reflow</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;1&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;35&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEVE &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">395&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;164&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preservada&#47;disfun&#231;&#227;o ligeira &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">217 &#40;62&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;52&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada&#47;severa &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">130 &#40;37&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;47&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Killip 3&#8208;4 &#40;durante hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o&#41; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;11&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;21&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortalidade hospitalar &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;6&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;13&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;073&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dias internamento &#40;mediana&#41; &#40;IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;0 &#40;3&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;7&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medica&#231;&#227;o &#224; data de alta &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">388&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bloqueador beta &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">322 &#40;93&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;88&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IECA&#47;ARA II &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">255 &#40;74&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;77&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;590&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estatina &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">336 &#40;97&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;93&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;121&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aspirina &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">343 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clopidogrel &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">343 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 08702551
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