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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary steal due to an unligated side branch of the internal mammary artery &#40;IMA&#41; is a rare but important condition that can cause ischemia in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery&#46; Although this is a known phenomenon&#44; it is not always easy to relate it to the patient&#39;s symptoms&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe the case of a patient with significant ischemia in whom an unligated side branch was successfully treated by coil embolization&#46; This intervention can be a useful option and should be considered in the management of symptomatic patients with patent IMA side branches&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors present the case of a 67-year-old man who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting after an acute myocardial infarction over four years previously&#44; due to an ostial lesion in the left anterior descending &#40;LAD&#41; artery&#44; with a left internal mammary artery &#40;LIMA&#41; to LAD bypass&#46; One year after the procedure he was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit for unstable angina&#46; He underwent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed an 80&#37; stenosis in the bypass anastomosis&#44; and angioplasty with a drug-eluting stent was successfully performed&#46; The angiogram also showed a branch arising from a very proximal segment of the LIMA&#44; not occluded during the surgery and supplying the whole lateral chest wall via numerous intercostal collaterals &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Due to the bypass stenosis the clinical importance of the patency of this vessel was not appreciated&#46; After this angioplasty he presented with early-onset recurrent angina&#44; and performed a treadmill stress test that was symptomatic and electrically positive for ischemia&#46; Repeated coronary angiography showed the graft and the stent to be patent&#44; without evolution of the native disease&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After discharge the patient remained highly symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dobutamine stress echocardiography showed inducible ischemia in the anterior wall distribution&#46; These findings led to a diagnosis of a probable steal phenomenon due a patent IMA side branch&#46; Percutaneous coil embolization of this branch was performed&#46; The left internal mammary artery was selectively cannulated with a Heartrail catheter inside a 6-F femoral guiding catheter via the right femoral artery and a microcatheter was advanced over the guidewire into the side branch&#46; Following removal of the guidewire&#44; detachable embolization coils &#40;Tornado<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Cook Medical&#44; 4&#47;2 mm&#44; 4&#47;2 mm and 3&#47;2 mm&#41; were placed in the side branch&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The coils were attached to a delivery wire and were released in the appropriate position&#46; During the procedure&#44; a dissection was detected in the proximal region of the LIMA and two biolimus and bioabsorbable polymer stents &#40;Biomatrix 3 mm &#215; 24 mm and 3 mm &#215; 28 mm distal and proximal&#44; juxtaposed&#41; were implanted&#44; covering the entire dissected segment&#46; Control angiography at the end of the procedure showed the side branch still patent but with compromised flow &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At one-month follow-up&#44; the patient reported clinical improvement and increased functional capacity&#46; He underwent treadmill stress testing and repeated dobutamine stress echocardiography four months after the procedure&#44; which showed no evidence of ischemia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the use of LIMA to LAD grafts as a means of revascularization is routine and effective&#44; it is not a risk-free procedure&#46; There can be various reasons for ischemic symptoms in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery&#44; including incomplete revascularization at the time of surgery&#44; progression of atheromatous disease or graft occlusion&#46; A rare cause of recurrent symptoms can be an anomalous or persistent chest wall branch causing flow &#8220;steal&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hemodynamic importance of these branches is still unclear&#44; since many patients have them&#44; but few lead to symptoms&#46; LIMA side branches to the chest wall have been identified both preoperatively and postoperatively in 10&#8211;20&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although a number of studies have reported successful occlusion of the side branches to relieve angina&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5</span></a> this phenomenon has been confirmed in some studies that aimed to obtain hemodynamic data&#44; but rejected in others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A major argument is that LIMA side branch steal is supposedly a systolic flow diversion and not a true coronary flow steal&#46; The arterial flow to the chest wall is predominantly systolic and out of phase with the predominantly diastolic coronary circulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It has been shown that the limited functional flow reserve of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> IMA minimizes the possibility of significant flow steal from patent IMA graft collaterals&#44; even after muscular vasodilatation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Indeed no study measuring coronary velocities in post-CABG patients has suggested that IMA side branches are of clinical significance unless there are unusual hemodynamic circumstances&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> This leads many authors to argue that complete LIMA harvesting is not mandatory<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and that occlusion is unwarranted unless it can be shown to increase LIMA flow or objectively reduce myocardial ischemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; as previously stated&#44; many reports of clinical improvement following LIMA occlusion contradict these pathophysiological studies&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Major factors contributing to IMA side branch steal may include technical errors or anatomic factors which reduce IMA run-off and possibly divert it into large side branches with lower resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several methods of occlusion of the side branches have been described&#44; including embolization&#44; the use of gelatin sponge particles and the combined use of drug-eluting and covered stents&#46; Surgical ligation both via an open route and by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been successfully performed&#46; Recently&#44; the use of vascular plugs &#40;originally developed for closing arteriovenous fistulae&#41; for occluding such side branches has also been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In our patient we used platinum coils&#44; which are easily detected radiographically&#44; feature synthetic fibers that promote thrombogenicity&#44; and are ideally suited for tapering vessel situations&#46; Although in the case described transcutaneous closure was complicated by dissection of the LIMA&#44; coil deployment can be regarded as safe&#44; with early mobilization and lower morbidity and mortality compared to reoperation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the above controversies and the different possible technical approaches with their inherent limitations&#44; the decision to close these side branches and the way it is performed should be carefully weighed&#46; It should only be considered when a correlation between the patency of the side branch and the patient&#39;s symptoms is indisputable&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The physiological significance of IMA side branches has been clinically and experimentally questioned&#46; Occlusion of these branches is not recommended without objective evidence of ischemia but in our case anterior wall myocardial perfusion was clearly impaired in the setting of a patent LIMA-LAD graft and an anomalous side branch&#44; with clinical improvement after intervention&#46; Coronary steal due to an unligated side branch of the LIMA is rare but should be borne in mind as a possible and treatable cause of ischemia after coronary artery bypass surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association &#40;Declaration of Helsinki&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data and that all the patients included in the study received sufficient information and gave their written informed consent to participate in the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Non-occlusion of the internal mammary artery side branches may cause ischemia due to flow diversion after coronary artery bypass grafting&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors present the case of a 67-year-old man with recurrent angina after undergoing myocardial revascularization with a left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending bypass&#46; He presented with impaired anterior wall myocardial perfusion in the setting of a patent left internal mammary artery side branch&#46; Effective percutaneous treatment was carried out through coil embolization&#44; with improved flow and clinical symptoms&#44; confirmed through ischemia testing&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary steal through a patent mammary artery side branch is a controversial phenomenon and this type of intervention should be considered only in carefully selected patients&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A n&#227;o oclus&#227;o de ramos laterais da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pode causar isquemia devido ao desvio do fluxo coron&#225;rio&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 67 anos de idade&#44; com angina recorrente ap&#243;s revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span> da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda para a art&#233;ria descendente anterior&#46; O doente apresentava redu&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica na parede anterior na presen&#231;a de um ramo patente da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna&#46; Foi realizada de forma eficaz a emboliza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">coils</span> deste ramo com melhoria do fluxo e dos sintomas cl&#237;nicos&#44; dados confirmados com testes de avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O roubo coron&#225;rio atrav&#233;s de ramos laterais patentes da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria ainda &#233; um fen&#243;meno controverso e este tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o deve ser apenas considerada no tratamento de pacientes bem selecionados&#46;</p>"
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Case report
Ischemia induced by coronary steal through a patent mammary artery side branch: A role for embolization
Isquemia induzida por roubo coronário através de um ramo patente da artéria mamária interna: um papel para a embolização
Nuno Morenoa,
Autor para correspondência
numoreno@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Alexandra da Silva Castroa, Adriana Pereiraa, João Carlos Silvab, Pedro Bernardo Almeidab, Aurora Andradea, Maria Júlia Macielb, Paula Pintoa
a Serviço de Cardiologia do Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
b Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary steal due to an unligated side branch of the internal mammary artery &#40;IMA&#41; is a rare but important condition that can cause ischemia in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery&#46; Although this is a known phenomenon&#44; it is not always easy to relate it to the patient&#39;s symptoms&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe the case of a patient with significant ischemia in whom an unligated side branch was successfully treated by coil embolization&#46; This intervention can be a useful option and should be considered in the management of symptomatic patients with patent IMA side branches&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors present the case of a 67-year-old man who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting after an acute myocardial infarction over four years previously&#44; due to an ostial lesion in the left anterior descending &#40;LAD&#41; artery&#44; with a left internal mammary artery &#40;LIMA&#41; to LAD bypass&#46; One year after the procedure he was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit for unstable angina&#46; He underwent coronary angiography&#44; which revealed an 80&#37; stenosis in the bypass anastomosis&#44; and angioplasty with a drug-eluting stent was successfully performed&#46; The angiogram also showed a branch arising from a very proximal segment of the LIMA&#44; not occluded during the surgery and supplying the whole lateral chest wall via numerous intercostal collaterals &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; Due to the bypass stenosis the clinical importance of the patency of this vessel was not appreciated&#46; After this angioplasty he presented with early-onset recurrent angina&#44; and performed a treadmill stress test that was symptomatic and electrically positive for ischemia&#46; Repeated coronary angiography showed the graft and the stent to be patent&#44; without evolution of the native disease&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After discharge the patient remained highly symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dobutamine stress echocardiography showed inducible ischemia in the anterior wall distribution&#46; These findings led to a diagnosis of a probable steal phenomenon due a patent IMA side branch&#46; Percutaneous coil embolization of this branch was performed&#46; The left internal mammary artery was selectively cannulated with a Heartrail catheter inside a 6-F femoral guiding catheter via the right femoral artery and a microcatheter was advanced over the guidewire into the side branch&#46; Following removal of the guidewire&#44; detachable embolization coils &#40;Tornado<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Cook Medical&#44; 4&#47;2 mm&#44; 4&#47;2 mm and 3&#47;2 mm&#41; were placed in the side branch&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The coils were attached to a delivery wire and were released in the appropriate position&#46; During the procedure&#44; a dissection was detected in the proximal region of the LIMA and two biolimus and bioabsorbable polymer stents &#40;Biomatrix 3 mm &#215; 24 mm and 3 mm &#215; 28 mm distal and proximal&#44; juxtaposed&#41; were implanted&#44; covering the entire dissected segment&#46; Control angiography at the end of the procedure showed the side branch still patent but with compromised flow &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At one-month follow-up&#44; the patient reported clinical improvement and increased functional capacity&#46; He underwent treadmill stress testing and repeated dobutamine stress echocardiography four months after the procedure&#44; which showed no evidence of ischemia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the use of LIMA to LAD grafts as a means of revascularization is routine and effective&#44; it is not a risk-free procedure&#46; There can be various reasons for ischemic symptoms in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery&#44; including incomplete revascularization at the time of surgery&#44; progression of atheromatous disease or graft occlusion&#46; A rare cause of recurrent symptoms can be an anomalous or persistent chest wall branch causing flow &#8220;steal&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hemodynamic importance of these branches is still unclear&#44; since many patients have them&#44; but few lead to symptoms&#46; LIMA side branches to the chest wall have been identified both preoperatively and postoperatively in 10&#8211;20&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although a number of studies have reported successful occlusion of the side branches to relieve angina&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5</span></a> this phenomenon has been confirmed in some studies that aimed to obtain hemodynamic data&#44; but rejected in others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A major argument is that LIMA side branch steal is supposedly a systolic flow diversion and not a true coronary flow steal&#46; The arterial flow to the chest wall is predominantly systolic and out of phase with the predominantly diastolic coronary circulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It has been shown that the limited functional flow reserve of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> IMA minimizes the possibility of significant flow steal from patent IMA graft collaterals&#44; even after muscular vasodilatation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Indeed no study measuring coronary velocities in post-CABG patients has suggested that IMA side branches are of clinical significance unless there are unusual hemodynamic circumstances&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> This leads many authors to argue that complete LIMA harvesting is not mandatory<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and that occlusion is unwarranted unless it can be shown to increase LIMA flow or objectively reduce myocardial ischemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; as previously stated&#44; many reports of clinical improvement following LIMA occlusion contradict these pathophysiological studies&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Major factors contributing to IMA side branch steal may include technical errors or anatomic factors which reduce IMA run-off and possibly divert it into large side branches with lower resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several methods of occlusion of the side branches have been described&#44; including embolization&#44; the use of gelatin sponge particles and the combined use of drug-eluting and covered stents&#46; Surgical ligation both via an open route and by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been successfully performed&#46; Recently&#44; the use of vascular plugs &#40;originally developed for closing arteriovenous fistulae&#41; for occluding such side branches has also been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In our patient we used platinum coils&#44; which are easily detected radiographically&#44; feature synthetic fibers that promote thrombogenicity&#44; and are ideally suited for tapering vessel situations&#46; Although in the case described transcutaneous closure was complicated by dissection of the LIMA&#44; coil deployment can be regarded as safe&#44; with early mobilization and lower morbidity and mortality compared to reoperation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the above controversies and the different possible technical approaches with their inherent limitations&#44; the decision to close these side branches and the way it is performed should be carefully weighed&#46; It should only be considered when a correlation between the patency of the side branch and the patient&#39;s symptoms is indisputable&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The physiological significance of IMA side branches has been clinically and experimentally questioned&#46; Occlusion of these branches is not recommended without objective evidence of ischemia but in our case anterior wall myocardial perfusion was clearly impaired in the setting of a patent LIMA-LAD graft and an anomalous side branch&#44; with clinical improvement after intervention&#46; Coronary steal due to an unligated side branch of the LIMA is rare but should be borne in mind as a possible and treatable cause of ischemia after coronary artery bypass surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association &#40;Declaration of Helsinki&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data and that all the patients included in the study received sufficient information and gave their written informed consent to participate in the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects"
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              "identificador" => "sec0040"
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            0 => "Patent left internal mammary artery side branch"
            1 => "Coronary steal syndrome"
            2 => "Coil embolization"
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            0 => "Ramo patente da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna"
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            2 => "Emboliza&#231;&#227;o"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Non-occlusion of the internal mammary artery side branches may cause ischemia due to flow diversion after coronary artery bypass grafting&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors present the case of a 67-year-old man with recurrent angina after undergoing myocardial revascularization with a left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending bypass&#46; He presented with impaired anterior wall myocardial perfusion in the setting of a patent left internal mammary artery side branch&#46; Effective percutaneous treatment was carried out through coil embolization&#44; with improved flow and clinical symptoms&#44; confirmed through ischemia testing&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary steal through a patent mammary artery side branch is a controversial phenomenon and this type of intervention should be considered only in carefully selected patients&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A n&#227;o oclus&#227;o de ramos laterais da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pode causar isquemia devido ao desvio do fluxo coron&#225;rio&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 67 anos de idade&#44; com angina recorrente ap&#243;s revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span> da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda para a art&#233;ria descendente anterior&#46; O doente apresentava redu&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica na parede anterior na presen&#231;a de um ramo patente da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna&#46; Foi realizada de forma eficaz a emboliza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">coils</span> deste ramo com melhoria do fluxo e dos sintomas cl&#237;nicos&#44; dados confirmados com testes de avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O roubo coron&#225;rio atrav&#233;s de ramos laterais patentes da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria ainda &#233; um fen&#243;meno controverso e este tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o deve ser apenas considerada no tratamento de pacientes bem selecionados&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A large side branch originating from the left internal mammary artery&#46; LIMA&#58; left internal mammary artery&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Angiogram after deployment of the coils in the side branch&#44; still patent but with compromised flow&#44; and two stents covering the dissected LIMA segment&#46;</p>"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            1 => "G&#46; Teodori"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Mammary side branch steal&#58; is this a real or even clinically important phenomenon&#63;"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Does a LIMA side branch ever need occlusion&#63; &#40;Why I don&#8217;t think so&#41;"
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                            0 => "K&#46; Tsakiridis"
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Informação do artigo
ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Inglês
Dados atualizados diariamente
Ano/Mês Html Pdf Total
2024 Novembro 8 7 15
2024 Outubro 34 38 72
2024 Setembro 86 26 112
2024 Agosto 75 37 112
2024 Julho 48 42 90
2024 Junho 50 36 86
2024 Maio 71 25 96
2024 Abril 37 43 80
2024 Maro 45 33 78
2024 Fevereiro 37 29 66
2024 Janeiro 41 26 67
2023 Dezembro 30 38 68
2023 Novembro 47 51 98
2023 Outubro 31 22 53
2023 Setembro 30 20 50
2023 Agosto 29 21 50
2023 Julho 40 18 58
2023 Junho 40 20 60
2023 Maio 52 25 77
2023 Abril 38 9 47
2023 Maro 48 27 75
2023 Fevereiro 61 23 84
2023 Janeiro 28 18 46
2022 Dezembro 53 26 79
2022 Novembro 72 35 107
2022 Outubro 45 24 69
2022 Setembro 35 35 70
2022 Agosto 55 35 90
2022 Julho 48 44 92
2022 Junho 39 28 67
2022 Maio 37 35 72
2022 Abril 43 32 75
2022 Maro 29 43 72
2022 Fevereiro 49 31 80
2022 Janeiro 45 31 76
2021 Dezembro 26 49 75
2021 Novembro 48 41 89
2021 Outubro 57 50 107
2021 Setembro 34 34 68
2021 Agosto 47 34 81
2021 Julho 31 43 74
2021 Junho 33 18 51
2021 Maio 32 37 69
2021 Abril 40 52 92
2021 Maro 66 33 99
2021 Fevereiro 76 25 101
2021 Janeiro 141 15 156
2020 Dezembro 48 10 58
2020 Novembro 55 22 77
2020 Outubro 35 13 48
2020 Setembro 75 19 94
2020 Agosto 28 10 38
2020 Julho 54 11 65
2020 Junho 30 12 42
2020 Maio 53 5 58
2020 Abril 42 19 61
2020 Maro 40 13 53
2020 Fevereiro 71 23 94
2020 Janeiro 31 28 59
2019 Dezembro 55 17 72
2019 Novembro 32 6 38
2019 Outubro 50 12 62
2019 Setembro 27 13 40
2019 Agosto 42 8 50
2019 Julho 49 13 62
2019 Junho 58 16 74
2019 Maio 44 34 78
2019 Abril 28 36 64
2019 Maro 89 29 118
2019 Fevereiro 64 14 78
2019 Janeiro 38 8 46
2018 Dezembro 91 22 113
2018 Novembro 89 11 100
2018 Outubro 217 30 247
2018 Setembro 42 10 52
2018 Agosto 56 13 69
2018 Julho 43 7 50
2018 Junho 82 5 87
2018 Maio 99 13 112
2018 Abril 139 5 144
2018 Maro 129 9 138
2018 Fevereiro 68 6 74
2018 Janeiro 138 3 141
2017 Dezembro 184 12 196
2017 Novembro 116 11 127
2017 Outubro 40 9 49
2017 Setembro 63 12 75
2017 Agosto 79 18 97
2017 Julho 37 14 51
2017 Junho 40 12 52
2017 Maio 60 6 66
2017 Abril 51 3 54
2017 Maro 79 11 90
2017 Fevereiro 92 7 99
2017 Janeiro 30 3 33
2016 Dezembro 36 10 46
2016 Novembro 51 13 64
2016 Outubro 71 11 82
2016 Setembro 91 11 102
2016 Agosto 28 6 34
2016 Julho 11 10 21
2016 Junho 2 0 2
2016 Maio 5 7 12
2016 Abril 50 3 53
2016 Maro 88 10 98
2016 Fevereiro 107 31 138
2016 Janeiro 119 10 129
2015 Dezembro 93 13 106
2015 Novembro 63 5 68
2015 Outubro 75 8 83
2015 Setembro 91 15 106
2015 Agosto 95 13 108
2015 Julho 134 12 146
2015 Junho 66 3 69
2015 Maio 70 10 80
2015 Abril 68 14 82
2015 Maro 54 5 59
2015 Fevereiro 60 5 65
2015 Janeiro 84 11 95
2014 Dezembro 67 15 82
2014 Novembro 47 8 55
2014 Outubro 62 10 72
2014 Setembro 44 25 69
2014 Agosto 52 12 64
2014 Julho 57 12 69
2014 Junho 53 7 60
2014 Maio 66 13 79
2014 Abril 61 19 80
2014 Maro 79 18 97
2014 Fevereiro 76 21 97
2014 Janeiro 94 20 114
2013 Dezembro 75 11 86
2013 Novembro 74 20 94
2013 Outubro 71 16 87
2013 Setembro 70 29 99
2013 Agosto 82 36 118
2013 Julho 88 26 114
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