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dadas as for&#231;as geradas pela eleva&#231;&#227;o cr&#243;nica do volume ejetado pelo VE e o ligeiro aumento da tens&#227;o arterial durante o exerc&#237;cio&#44; a pr&#225;tica desportiva provocasse a dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em resposta ao cr&#243;nico aumento do volume intravascular circulante&#44; um di&#226;metro da veia cava inferior aumentado &#233; praticamente universal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e independente do tipo de desporto praticado&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante o exerc&#237;cio&#44; ocorre um aumento da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica na art&#233;ria pulmonar &#40;PSAP&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; a informa&#231;&#227;o dispon&#237;vel acerca dos efeitos cr&#243;nicos do exerc&#237;cio repetitivo na PSAP &#233; ainda escassa&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os primeiros estudos que analisam o tipo e os limites das adapta&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas ao esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico inclu&#237;ram&#44; quase exclusivamente&#44; atletas masculinos e caucasianos de idades compreendidas entre 18 e 35 anos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; sendo os limites das referidas adapta&#231;&#245;es da&#237; inferidos universalmente utilizados como crit&#233;rios orientadores da distin&#231;&#227;o com situa&#231;&#245;es patol&#243;gicas&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A extrapola&#231;&#227;o destes limites para a popula&#231;&#227;o de ascend&#234;ncia africana ou afro-caribenha carece de valida&#231;&#227;o e pode inclusivamente introduzir erros diagn&#243;sticos com graves consequ&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas e pessoais&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Num estudo que comparou os limites adaptativos entre grupos de atletas de alta competi&#231;&#227;o de origem africana ou afro-caribenha e caucasianos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; foi demonstrado que&#44; nos primeiros&#44; o aumento m&#233;dio da espessura do septo do VE foi 12&#37; superior a dos segundos&#46; No mesmo estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de espessura do septo maior que 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm foi 18 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 4&#37; e o valor m&#225;ximo alcan&#231;ado foi 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm em afrodescendentes e 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm nos caucasianos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de grande parte das modifica&#231;&#245;es induzidas no cora&#231;&#227;o pela pr&#225;tica desportiva intensa e prolongada estar neste momento bem descrita&#44; particularmente no que diz respeito ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; a din&#226;mica temporal dessas altera&#231;&#245;es carece de clarifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; nomeadamente no que respeita &#224; resposta do mioc&#225;rdio ao efeito das varia&#231;&#245;es sazonais da intensidade do programa de exerc&#237;cio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constituem objetivos desta an&#225;lise avaliar a din&#226;mica do padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca ao esfor&#231;o ao longo da &#233;poca desportiva em indiv&#237;duos com altera&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente induzidas&#44; ou seja&#44; se existe ou n&#227;o modifica&#231;&#227;o adicional nos aspetos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos analisados&#44; entre o in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e o per&#237;odo considerado como pico competitivo&#59; avaliar se h&#225; rela&#231;&#227;o entre a magnitude das modifica&#231;&#245;es induzidas em determinadas estruturas card&#237;acas com aquelas observadas noutras estruturas&#59; e avaliar se esse padr&#227;o adaptativo tem caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes em todos os atletas&#44; isto &#233;&#44; se existem diferen&#231;as entre os atletas consoante a ra&#231;a&#44; a idade e a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o &#40;como indicador da performance desportiva&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram realizadas duas avalia&#231;&#245;es ecocardiogr&#225;ficas &#40;bidimensional&#44; modo M e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Doppler</span>&#41; aos jogadores do plantel s&#233;nior de uma equipa profissional de futebol do mais alto escal&#227;o portugu&#234;s&#44; em duas fases distintas da temporada&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no in&#237;cio da fase de treinos</span>&#44; ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo de descondicionamento f&#237;sico parcial&#44; provocado pela aus&#234;ncia de treino orientado e pr&#225;tica competitiva durante o per&#237;odo de f&#233;rias de ver&#227;o &#40;que foi&#44; em m&#233;dia&#44; de 41&#44;24&#160;d por atleta&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">na fase considerada como o pico competitivo</span> &#40;fevereiro&#47;mar&#231;o &#8211; 7&#46;&#176; e 8&#46;&#176; m&#234;s da &#233;poca&#41;&#44; por esta incluir o per&#237;odo de maior densidade temporal de jogos ap&#243;s o per&#237;odo de recondicionamento caracter&#237;stico das semanas iniciais da &#233;poca desportiva&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha de uma equipa profissional deveu-se &#224; necessidade de garantia de uma pr&#225;tica desportiva frequente&#44; quotidiana&#44; intensa&#44; supervisionada e dirigida por elementos com experi&#234;ncia e compet&#234;ncia na &#225;rea da prepara&#231;&#227;o para a competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; A categoria de &#171;profissional&#187; &#233; garantia&#44; neste caso&#44; da exist&#234;ncia de um elevado n&#237;vel de condicionamento f&#237;sico pr&#233;vio&#44; principalmente no &#226;mbito cardiovascular&#44; provocado por per&#237;odos pr&#233;vios de dura&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel de treino e alta competi&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os atletas em quest&#227;o tinham previamente sido alvo de avalia&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-desportiva exaustiva por parte do Departamento Cl&#237;nico do clube&#44; tendo todos sido considerados saud&#225;veis&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os atletas que sa&#237;ram do plantel entre a primeira e a segunda avalia&#231;&#227;o foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; bem como os que foram admitidos no plantel entre as duas avalia&#231;&#245;es&#44; devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de dados comparativos&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os exames foram todos executados pelo autor&#44; utilizando sempre o mesmo aparelho &#40;Vivid i Cardiovascular Ultrasound System&#44; General Electrics Healthcare Company&#174;&#44; Reino Unido&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os par&#226;metros foram revistos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a posteriori</span> por um segundo observador&#44; e aqueles nos quais n&#227;o houve concord&#226;ncia entre as duas observa&#231;&#245;es foram revistos novamente em conjunto e discutidos e foi obtido um valor consensual&#44; por forma a eliminar a variabilidade interobservador inerente a este m&#233;todo de diagn&#243;stico imagiol&#243;gico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Vari&#225;veis</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada um dos jogadores foi caracterizado quanto &#224; idade&#44; altura&#44; peso e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;pela f&#243;rmula de Mosteller&#41;&#44; etnia e n&#250;mero de anos de pr&#225;tica desportiva profissional no in&#237;cio da &#233;poca&#46; No final da &#233;poca&#44; foi contabilizado o tempo de utiliza&#231;&#227;o total em competi&#231;&#227;o de cada um dos jogadores&#44; bem como antes e depois da segunda avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica&#46; A percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o constitui um dos fatores&#44; na avalia&#231;&#227;o do rendimento desportivo de um atleta&#44; com quantifica&#231;&#227;o exata poss&#237;vel&#46;Os par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos avaliados foram&#58; espessura das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; massa ventricular esquerda&#44; calculada pela f&#243;rmula de Devereux&#59; di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#59; di&#226;metro da raiz da aorta&#59; &#225;rea das aur&#237;culas esquerda e direita&#59; di&#226;metro do ventr&#237;culo direito no ponto de maior di&#226;metro&#59; massa do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A&#59; gradiente E&#47;E&#8217; &#40;rela&#231;&#227;o entre a velocidade m&#225;xima do fluxo de enchimento ventricular passivo&#44; em protodi&#225;stole&#44; obtido por Doppler pulsado&#44; e a velocidade tecidular m&#225;xima do anel mitral na mesma fase de enchimento&#44; obtido por Doppler tecidular&#41;&#59; valor da velocidade de excurs&#227;o sist&#243;lica do anel tric&#250;spide&#59; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o&#44; calculada pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson modificado&#59; gradiente VD-AD &#40;ventr&#237;culo direito - aur&#237;cula direita&#41;&#59; di&#226;metro e cin&#233;tica respirat&#243;ria da veia cava inferior&#59; e valor estimado da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica na art&#233;ria pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Compararam-se individualmente as vari&#225;veis obtidas no primeiro exame com aquelas obtidas no segundo&#46; Numa segunda fase&#44; avaliou-se a presen&#231;a de rela&#231;&#227;o entre a varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros obtidos por ecocardiografia e os par&#226;metros demogr&#225;ficos analisados&#44; bem como com a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o&#44; pretendendo analisar a presen&#231;a de particularidades do padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o ao esfor&#231;o nos respetivos subgrupos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi feita utilizando SPSS vers&#227;o 13&#46;0 para Windows &#40;SPSS Inc&#46; Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As vari&#225;veis s&#227;o caracterizadas por m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o&#46; Utilizou-se o teste T de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span>&#44; teste de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Wilcoxon</span>&#44; teste de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kruskall-Wallis</span>&#44; coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spearman</span> e de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pearson</span> para compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis e infer&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas&#46; Considerou-se haver significado estat&#237;stico&#44; quando p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#44; com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir da constru&#231;&#227;o de um modelo de regress&#227;o&#44; considerando como vari&#225;vel dependente a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o entre o segundo ecocardiograma e o final da &#233;poca e como vari&#225;veis independentes as varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura do septo&#44; do di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; do gradiente VD-AD e da velocidade do anel tric&#250;spide&#44; operou-se uma regress&#227;o linear para avaliar se as vari&#225;veis independentes&#44; individualmente&#44; eram preditoras de uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o nesse per&#237;odo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 27 atletas&#46; Os resultados das an&#225;lises efetuadas encontram-se nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1&#8211;8</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir da constru&#231;&#227;o de um modelo de regress&#227;o&#44; considerando como vari&#225;vel dependente a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o entre o segundo exame e o final da temporada&#44; e como vari&#225;veis independentes a varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro da AE&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do gradiente VD-AD e a varia&#231;&#227;o anel tric&#250;spide &#40;selecionadas pelo m&#233;todo de Stepwise&#41;&#44; obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados que constam na Tabela 8&#58;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao longo da &#233;poca&#44; verificou-se a ocorr&#234;ncia de espessamento significativo das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#46; No pico competitivo&#44; 66&#44;6&#37; dos atletas apresentaram valores de espessura septal&#160;&#62;&#160;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; e 33&#44;3&#37;&#160;&#62;&#160;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; O limite m&#225;ximo foi de 15&#44;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm num atleta de origem africana&#46; A diferen&#231;a verificada neste par&#226;metro&#44; relativamente a outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; pode estar relacionada com o tipo espec&#237;fico de desporto praticado&#44; mas tamb&#233;m com o per&#237;odo competitivo em que o segundo ecocardiograma foi realizado&#44; considerado o pico de esfor&#231;o&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O facto de n&#227;o ter havido diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa ao longo da &#233;poca no que se refere ao DtdVE sugere a necessidade de um per&#237;odo de maior lat&#234;ncia para se observarem modifica&#231;&#245;es deste par&#226;metro no ecocardiograma realizado em repouso&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; neste tipo de popula&#231;&#227;o j&#225; cronicamente sujeita a intensas cargas de treino e com profundas altera&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente estabelecidas&#44; as varia&#231;&#245;es sazonais&#44; de curta dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; na intensidade do treino&#44; provocam modifica&#231;&#245;es no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; que se expressam essencialmente atrav&#233;s de varia&#231;&#245;es na espessura das paredes e menos na varia&#231;&#227;o do volume da cavidade&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; massa ventricular esquerda&#44; par&#226;metro derivado da espessura parietal e do DtdVE&#44; verificou-se igualmente que houve aumento da primeira para a segunda determina&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme esperado&#44; o mesmo aconteceu com a massa ventricular esquerda corrigida para a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal &#40;ASC&#41;&#46; Na primeira determina&#231;&#227;o&#44; 63&#44;0&#37; dos atletas tinham valores de massa VE&#47;ASC acima do valor considerado como limite superior do normal &#40;102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; sendo que 11&#44;1&#37; tinham crit&#233;rios para hipertrofia ventricular esquerda grave&#46; Ap&#243;s a segunda determina&#231;&#227;o&#44; apenas um atleta tinha valor de massa VE&#47;ASC abaixo do limite superior do normal e 55&#44;5&#37; tinham hipertrofia grave do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#46; O valor m&#225;ximo para massa ventricular esquerda no in&#237;cio da temporada foi de 279<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g e no pico de esfor&#231;o foi 458<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o variou significativamente&#44; dado que ambas as medi&#231;&#245;es foram efetuadas sob as mesmas condi&#231;&#245;es de demanda circulat&#243;ria que n&#227;o exigiam condi&#231;&#245;es distintas de pr&#233;-carga e contratilidade&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta caracteriza-se pela normalidade da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#44; apesar da hipertrofia que pode ocorrer&#46; Nesta an&#225;lise&#44; real&#231;a-se novamente que a hipertrofia ventricular verificada entre as duas medi&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o cursou com qualquer preju&#237;zo da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atuando durante a di&#225;stole como um conduto entre as veias pulmonares e o VE e&#44; durante a s&#237;stole&#44; como um reservat&#243;rio&#44; a aur&#237;cula esquerda &#233; uma estrutura com parede bem menos espessa do que a do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e&#44; como tal&#44; &#233; bem mais complacente e suscet&#237;vel a pequenas varia&#231;&#245;es cr&#243;nicas no seu volume de enchimento&#46; Nesta amostra de atletas houve um significativo aumento do di&#226;metro auricular esquerdo entre as duas medi&#231;&#245;es&#46; Esta cavidade n&#227;o &#233; uma cavidade sim&#233;trica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> e&#44; como tal&#44; n&#227;o se verificou similaridade na magnitude do aumento de dimens&#227;o quando se analisa o di&#226;metro e a &#225;rea&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; observou-se uma estreita rela&#231;&#227;o entre o aumento do valor de E&#47;A e o aumento do di&#226;metro auricular esquerdo &#40;coef&#46; de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spearman</span> 0&#44;44&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#44; facto que sugere que quanto maior &#233; a aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; maior &#233; a quantidade de sangue nela armazenado durante a s&#237;stole ventricular e maior ser&#225; a onda E da fase protodiast&#243;lica de enchimento r&#225;pido do VE&#46; Como a maior parte do enchimento ventricular ocorre nesta fase&#44; a repercuss&#227;o do maior volume intra-auricular sobre a onda A n&#227;o resulta num aumento t&#227;o marcado como acontece para a onda E&#44; o que torna maior a rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; conforme foi dito atr&#225;s&#44; a contra&#231;&#227;o auricular em atletas treinados contribui menos para o enchimento ventricular do que em controlos sedent&#225;rios&#44; dada a menor frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nos primeiros e&#44; consequentemente&#44; o maior tempo de di&#225;stole&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando as duas medi&#231;&#245;es de PSAP em atletas j&#225; adaptados em repouso &#40;com condi&#231;&#245;es semelhantes de pr&#233;-carga&#41;&#44; o aumento n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativo do primeiro para o segundo exame&#44; apesar de se ter notado uma tend&#234;ncia para maior regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A n&#237;vel de diferen&#231;as raciais detetadas&#44; verificou-se que&#44; no in&#237;cio da &#233;poca&#44; a espessura das paredes do VE dos jogadores de origem africana era maior&#46; No decorrer da &#233;poca&#44; o espessamento nos primeiros tamb&#233;m foi maior&#59; no entanto&#44; dada a pequena amostra considerada os valores&#44; n&#227;o foram estatisticamente significativos&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A idade dos atletas tamb&#233;m n&#227;o mostrou ter influ&#234;ncia na ocorr&#234;ncia de padr&#245;es espec&#237;ficos de adapta&#231;&#227;o adicional&#44; observa&#231;&#227;o essa&#44; mais uma vez&#44; limitada pelo curto n&#250;mero de atletas analisados&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; de entre os resultados obtidos&#44; a hipertrofia das paredes do VE constitui a marca deste padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o adicional ocorrida entre o in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e o pico competitivo&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste contexto&#44; adquire particular relev&#226;ncia a forma como este marcador se relaciona com o rendimento desportivo&#46; Pelo modelo de regress&#227;o linear constru&#237;do&#44; o aumento da espessura do septo foi considerado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fator preditor independente</span> de uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s o segundo exame &#40;valor de p&#44; pelo teste F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As diferen&#231;as encontradas entre os primeiros e os segundos exames foram t&#233;nues&#44; uma vez que se comparam os mesmos indiv&#237;duos numa fase em que grande parte das altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais que ocorrem no &#171;cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta&#187; j&#225; se manifestaram&#44; tendo em conta o longo passado de pr&#225;tica de competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; Notaram-se apenas modifica&#231;&#245;es nas caracter&#237;sticas cuja cin&#233;tica de aparecimento&#47;desaparecimento &#233; mais r&#225;pida&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma das conclus&#245;es mais importantes que se podem retirar desta an&#225;lise &#233; que h&#225; lugar para adapta&#231;&#245;es adicionais entre per&#237;odos da &#233;poca em que o n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica &#233; diferente&#46; Estas consistem essencialmente na hipertrofia das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; com consequente aumento da sua massa normalizada para a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal&#44; e no aumento das dimens&#245;es da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#46; Por outro lado&#44; vari&#225;veis como o DtdVE&#44; a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o e os par&#226;metros Doppler de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica n&#227;o se alteraram significativamente&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O grau de espessamento do septo demonstrou comportar-se como preditor independente de maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; Isto sugere que uma melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o adaptativa a n&#237;vel cardiovascular se enquadra num melhor condicionamento f&#237;sico global&#44; com reflexo a n&#237;vel do rendimento desportivo&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o houve subgrupos em que determinada caracter&#237;stica&#44; nomeadamente padr&#245;es espec&#237;ficos de hipertrofia ou dilata&#231;&#227;o cavit&#225;ria&#44; se modificasse de forma mais ampla do que noutros&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em suma&#44; as caracter&#237;sticas do &#171;cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta&#187; n&#227;o s&#227;o irrevers&#237;veis ou est&#225;ticas&#44; antes se modificam consoante as exig&#234;ncias sazonais que lhe s&#227;o impostas&#46; Essa din&#226;mica adaptativa n&#227;o &#233; a mesma para todos os par&#226;metros analisados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-02-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2012-06-04"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A presente investiga&#231;&#227;o tem por objetivo estabelecer quais as altera&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas morfofuncionais&#44; que ocorrem ao longo de uma &#233;poca desportiva&#44; em atletas de alta competi&#231;&#227;o com modifica&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente induzidas&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para tal&#44; realizaram-se dois exames ecocardiogr&#225;ficos a cada um dos atletas do plantel s&#233;nior de uma equipa de futebol profissional&#44; um no in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e outro no per&#237;odo de maior intensidade competitiva&#44; considerado como o pico de esfor&#231;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demonstrou-se que&#44; ap&#243;s o breve per&#237;odo de descondicionamento que correspondeu &#224;s f&#233;rias desportivas&#44; existe lugar a adapta&#231;&#245;es adicionais&#44; mesmo em atletas com v&#225;rios anos de pr&#225;tica profissional pr&#233;via&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre as duas avalia&#231;&#245;es&#44; verificou-se o aumento significativo da espessura das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e respetiva massa&#44; e do di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; com manuten&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; e dos par&#226;metros de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica considerados&#46; Uma maior extens&#227;o da hipertrofia da musculatura ventricular relacionou-se com maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o por parte dos atletas em que ela ocorreu&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A principal limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo prende-se com o pequeno n&#250;mero de atletas estudados&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This research aims to determine the cardiac morphological and functional changes that occur during the competitive season in elite athletes with previously-induced adaptive changes&#46;</p><p id="spar1030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two echocardiographic examinations were performed in each player of a senior professional football team&#44; the first at the beginning of the training phase and the other at the peak of the competitive season&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It was demonstrated that after the brief period of deconditioning during the holiday period&#44; further changes took place&#44; even in these athletes with several years of prior professional activity&#46;</p><p id="spar2030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was a significant increase between the two assessments in left ventricular wall thickness and mass&#44; and in left atrial diameter&#44; but left ventricular diastolic diameter and the diastolic function parameters considered remained the same&#46; Greater left ventricular wall hypertrophy was related to more competitive playing time in these players&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of the study is the small number of athletes studied&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&#46; exame &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&#46;&#176; exame &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;51<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura da parede posterior &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Massa VE&#47;ASC &#40;g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111&#44;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#37;&#41; &#40;repouso&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro da aur&#46; esquerda &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#44;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#44;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea aur&#46; esquerda &#40;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro da raiz da aorta &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;02<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;E&#8217;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;57<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Velocidade sist&#243;lica anel tric&#46; &#40;cm&#47;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Correla&#231;&#245;es entre varia&#231;&#245;es dos par&#226;metros analisadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> E&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> E&#47;E&#8217;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> vel&#46; sist&#243;lica anel tric&#250;spide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354953.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Significado estat&#237;stico das correla&#231;&#245;es entre as varia&#231;&#245;es dos par&#226;metros</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferen&#231;as &#233;tnicas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura da parede posterior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da massa do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354952.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferen&#231;as na varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros entre atletas de etnias diferentes</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da massa do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354951.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Influ&#234;ncia da idade na varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Correla&#231;&#227;o espessamento do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o no total da &#233;poca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o antes do 2&#46;&#176; exame&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o entre o 2&#46;&#176; exame e o final da &#233;poca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354950.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a varia&#231;&#227;o do espessamento do septo e a &#37; de utiliza&#231;&#227;o</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> vari&#225;vel dependente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gradiente VD-AD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> vari&#225;vel dependente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo original
Evolução das características morfofuncionais do coração do atleta durante uma época desportiva
Morphological and functional changes in athletes’ hearts during the competitive season
Nuno Cabanelasa,
Autor para correspondência
ncabanelas@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Secundino Freitasb, Lino Gonçalvesc
a Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
b Departamento Médico, Associação Académica de Coimbra, Organismo Autónomo de Futebol, Coimbra, Portugal
c Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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apresenta valores ligeiramente superiores em atletas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Valores maiores que dois s&#227;o habitualmente encontrados em atletas treinados&#44; principalmente em desportos com maior componente din&#226;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Devido ao facto de a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ser menor&#44; com consequente maior dura&#231;&#227;o da di&#225;stole e maior tempo de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; a contribui&#231;&#227;o relativa da contra&#231;&#227;o auricular para o enchimento deste &#233; menor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; o que diminui a velocidade-pico da onda A&#44; aumentando a rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em grupos de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis n&#227;o ligados &#224; pr&#225;tica desportiva&#44; &#233; apontado o valor de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para o di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; medido por ecocardiografia na proje&#231;&#227;o paraesternal longo-eixo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; com base em estudos observacionais em atletas de alta competi&#231;&#227;o&#44; esses limites s&#227;o mais altos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Prop&#245;em-se valores de 46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para mulheres e 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para homens&#46; O principal determinante da magnitude do aumento da dimens&#227;o das aur&#237;culas parece ser o di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#40;DtdVE&#41;&#44; tendo sido estimado o aumento de 0&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro auricular por cada mil&#237;metro de aumento do DtdVE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi proposto tamb&#233;m que&#44; dadas as for&#231;as geradas pela eleva&#231;&#227;o cr&#243;nica do volume ejetado pelo VE e o ligeiro aumento da tens&#227;o arterial durante o exerc&#237;cio&#44; a pr&#225;tica desportiva provocasse a dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em resposta ao cr&#243;nico aumento do volume intravascular circulante&#44; um di&#226;metro da veia cava inferior aumentado &#233; praticamente universal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e independente do tipo de desporto praticado&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante o exerc&#237;cio&#44; ocorre um aumento da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica na art&#233;ria pulmonar &#40;PSAP&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; a informa&#231;&#227;o dispon&#237;vel acerca dos efeitos cr&#243;nicos do exerc&#237;cio repetitivo na PSAP &#233; ainda escassa&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os primeiros estudos que analisam o tipo e os limites das adapta&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas ao esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico inclu&#237;ram&#44; quase exclusivamente&#44; atletas masculinos e caucasianos de idades compreendidas entre 18 e 35 anos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; sendo os limites das referidas adapta&#231;&#245;es da&#237; inferidos universalmente utilizados como crit&#233;rios orientadores da distin&#231;&#227;o com situa&#231;&#245;es patol&#243;gicas&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A extrapola&#231;&#227;o destes limites para a popula&#231;&#227;o de ascend&#234;ncia africana ou afro-caribenha carece de valida&#231;&#227;o e pode inclusivamente introduzir erros diagn&#243;sticos com graves consequ&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas e pessoais&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Num estudo que comparou os limites adaptativos entre grupos de atletas de alta competi&#231;&#227;o de origem africana ou afro-caribenha e caucasianos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; foi demonstrado que&#44; nos primeiros&#44; o aumento m&#233;dio da espessura do septo do VE foi 12&#37; superior a dos segundos&#46; No mesmo estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de espessura do septo maior que 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm foi 18 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 4&#37; e o valor m&#225;ximo alcan&#231;ado foi 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm em afrodescendentes e 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm nos caucasianos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de grande parte das modifica&#231;&#245;es induzidas no cora&#231;&#227;o pela pr&#225;tica desportiva intensa e prolongada estar neste momento bem descrita&#44; particularmente no que diz respeito ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; a din&#226;mica temporal dessas altera&#231;&#245;es carece de clarifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; nomeadamente no que respeita &#224; resposta do mioc&#225;rdio ao efeito das varia&#231;&#245;es sazonais da intensidade do programa de exerc&#237;cio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constituem objetivos desta an&#225;lise avaliar a din&#226;mica do padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca ao esfor&#231;o ao longo da &#233;poca desportiva em indiv&#237;duos com altera&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente induzidas&#44; ou seja&#44; se existe ou n&#227;o modifica&#231;&#227;o adicional nos aspetos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos analisados&#44; entre o in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e o per&#237;odo considerado como pico competitivo&#59; avaliar se h&#225; rela&#231;&#227;o entre a magnitude das modifica&#231;&#245;es induzidas em determinadas estruturas card&#237;acas com aquelas observadas noutras estruturas&#59; e avaliar se esse padr&#227;o adaptativo tem caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes em todos os atletas&#44; isto &#233;&#44; se existem diferen&#231;as entre os atletas consoante a ra&#231;a&#44; a idade e a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o &#40;como indicador da performance desportiva&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram realizadas duas avalia&#231;&#245;es ecocardiogr&#225;ficas &#40;bidimensional&#44; modo M e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Doppler</span>&#41; aos jogadores do plantel s&#233;nior de uma equipa profissional de futebol do mais alto escal&#227;o portugu&#234;s&#44; em duas fases distintas da temporada&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no in&#237;cio da fase de treinos</span>&#44; ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo de descondicionamento f&#237;sico parcial&#44; provocado pela aus&#234;ncia de treino orientado e pr&#225;tica competitiva durante o per&#237;odo de f&#233;rias de ver&#227;o &#40;que foi&#44; em m&#233;dia&#44; de 41&#44;24&#160;d por atleta&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">na fase considerada como o pico competitivo</span> &#40;fevereiro&#47;mar&#231;o &#8211; 7&#46;&#176; e 8&#46;&#176; m&#234;s da &#233;poca&#41;&#44; por esta incluir o per&#237;odo de maior densidade temporal de jogos ap&#243;s o per&#237;odo de recondicionamento caracter&#237;stico das semanas iniciais da &#233;poca desportiva&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha de uma equipa profissional deveu-se &#224; necessidade de garantia de uma pr&#225;tica desportiva frequente&#44; quotidiana&#44; intensa&#44; supervisionada e dirigida por elementos com experi&#234;ncia e compet&#234;ncia na &#225;rea da prepara&#231;&#227;o para a competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; A categoria de &#171;profissional&#187; &#233; garantia&#44; neste caso&#44; da exist&#234;ncia de um elevado n&#237;vel de condicionamento f&#237;sico pr&#233;vio&#44; principalmente no &#226;mbito cardiovascular&#44; provocado por per&#237;odos pr&#233;vios de dura&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel de treino e alta competi&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os atletas em quest&#227;o tinham previamente sido alvo de avalia&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-desportiva exaustiva por parte do Departamento Cl&#237;nico do clube&#44; tendo todos sido considerados saud&#225;veis&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os atletas que sa&#237;ram do plantel entre a primeira e a segunda avalia&#231;&#227;o foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; bem como os que foram admitidos no plantel entre as duas avalia&#231;&#245;es&#44; devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de dados comparativos&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os exames foram todos executados pelo autor&#44; utilizando sempre o mesmo aparelho &#40;Vivid i Cardiovascular Ultrasound System&#44; General Electrics Healthcare Company&#174;&#44; Reino Unido&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os par&#226;metros foram revistos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a posteriori</span> por um segundo observador&#44; e aqueles nos quais n&#227;o houve concord&#226;ncia entre as duas observa&#231;&#245;es foram revistos novamente em conjunto e discutidos e foi obtido um valor consensual&#44; por forma a eliminar a variabilidade interobservador inerente a este m&#233;todo de diagn&#243;stico imagiol&#243;gico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Vari&#225;veis</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada um dos jogadores foi caracterizado quanto &#224; idade&#44; altura&#44; peso e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;pela f&#243;rmula de Mosteller&#41;&#44; etnia e n&#250;mero de anos de pr&#225;tica desportiva profissional no in&#237;cio da &#233;poca&#46; No final da &#233;poca&#44; foi contabilizado o tempo de utiliza&#231;&#227;o total em competi&#231;&#227;o de cada um dos jogadores&#44; bem como antes e depois da segunda avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica&#46; A percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o constitui um dos fatores&#44; na avalia&#231;&#227;o do rendimento desportivo de um atleta&#44; com quantifica&#231;&#227;o exata poss&#237;vel&#46;Os par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos avaliados foram&#58; espessura das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; massa ventricular esquerda&#44; calculada pela f&#243;rmula de Devereux&#59; di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#59; di&#226;metro da raiz da aorta&#59; &#225;rea das aur&#237;culas esquerda e direita&#59; di&#226;metro do ventr&#237;culo direito no ponto de maior di&#226;metro&#59; massa do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#59; rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A&#59; gradiente E&#47;E&#8217; &#40;rela&#231;&#227;o entre a velocidade m&#225;xima do fluxo de enchimento ventricular passivo&#44; em protodi&#225;stole&#44; obtido por Doppler pulsado&#44; e a velocidade tecidular m&#225;xima do anel mitral na mesma fase de enchimento&#44; obtido por Doppler tecidular&#41;&#59; valor da velocidade de excurs&#227;o sist&#243;lica do anel tric&#250;spide&#59; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o&#44; calculada pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson modificado&#59; gradiente VD-AD &#40;ventr&#237;culo direito - aur&#237;cula direita&#41;&#59; di&#226;metro e cin&#233;tica respirat&#243;ria da veia cava inferior&#59; e valor estimado da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica na art&#233;ria pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Compararam-se individualmente as vari&#225;veis obtidas no primeiro exame com aquelas obtidas no segundo&#46; Numa segunda fase&#44; avaliou-se a presen&#231;a de rela&#231;&#227;o entre a varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros obtidos por ecocardiografia e os par&#226;metros demogr&#225;ficos analisados&#44; bem como com a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o&#44; pretendendo analisar a presen&#231;a de particularidades do padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o ao esfor&#231;o nos respetivos subgrupos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi feita utilizando SPSS vers&#227;o 13&#46;0 para Windows &#40;SPSS Inc&#46; Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As vari&#225;veis s&#227;o caracterizadas por m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o&#46; Utilizou-se o teste T de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span>&#44; teste de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Wilcoxon</span>&#44; teste de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kruskall-Wallis</span>&#44; coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spearman</span> e de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pearson</span> para compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis e infer&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas&#46; Considerou-se haver significado estat&#237;stico&#44; quando p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#44; com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir da constru&#231;&#227;o de um modelo de regress&#227;o&#44; considerando como vari&#225;vel dependente a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o entre o segundo ecocardiograma e o final da &#233;poca e como vari&#225;veis independentes as varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura do septo&#44; do di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; do gradiente VD-AD e da velocidade do anel tric&#250;spide&#44; operou-se uma regress&#227;o linear para avaliar se as vari&#225;veis independentes&#44; individualmente&#44; eram preditoras de uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o nesse per&#237;odo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 27 atletas&#46; Os resultados das an&#225;lises efetuadas encontram-se nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1&#8211;8</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir da constru&#231;&#227;o de um modelo de regress&#227;o&#44; considerando como vari&#225;vel dependente a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o entre o segundo exame e o final da temporada&#44; e como vari&#225;veis independentes a varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro da AE&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do gradiente VD-AD e a varia&#231;&#227;o anel tric&#250;spide &#40;selecionadas pelo m&#233;todo de Stepwise&#41;&#44; obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados que constam na Tabela 8&#58;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao longo da &#233;poca&#44; verificou-se a ocorr&#234;ncia de espessamento significativo das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#46; No pico competitivo&#44; 66&#44;6&#37; dos atletas apresentaram valores de espessura septal&#160;&#62;&#160;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; e 33&#44;3&#37;&#160;&#62;&#160;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; O limite m&#225;ximo foi de 15&#44;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm num atleta de origem africana&#46; A diferen&#231;a verificada neste par&#226;metro&#44; relativamente a outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; pode estar relacionada com o tipo espec&#237;fico de desporto praticado&#44; mas tamb&#233;m com o per&#237;odo competitivo em que o segundo ecocardiograma foi realizado&#44; considerado o pico de esfor&#231;o&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O facto de n&#227;o ter havido diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa ao longo da &#233;poca no que se refere ao DtdVE sugere a necessidade de um per&#237;odo de maior lat&#234;ncia para se observarem modifica&#231;&#245;es deste par&#226;metro no ecocardiograma realizado em repouso&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; neste tipo de popula&#231;&#227;o j&#225; cronicamente sujeita a intensas cargas de treino e com profundas altera&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente estabelecidas&#44; as varia&#231;&#245;es sazonais&#44; de curta dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; na intensidade do treino&#44; provocam modifica&#231;&#245;es no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; que se expressam essencialmente atrav&#233;s de varia&#231;&#245;es na espessura das paredes e menos na varia&#231;&#227;o do volume da cavidade&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; massa ventricular esquerda&#44; par&#226;metro derivado da espessura parietal e do DtdVE&#44; verificou-se igualmente que houve aumento da primeira para a segunda determina&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme esperado&#44; o mesmo aconteceu com a massa ventricular esquerda corrigida para a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal &#40;ASC&#41;&#46; Na primeira determina&#231;&#227;o&#44; 63&#44;0&#37; dos atletas tinham valores de massa VE&#47;ASC acima do valor considerado como limite superior do normal &#40;102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; sendo que 11&#44;1&#37; tinham crit&#233;rios para hipertrofia ventricular esquerda grave&#46; Ap&#243;s a segunda determina&#231;&#227;o&#44; apenas um atleta tinha valor de massa VE&#47;ASC abaixo do limite superior do normal e 55&#44;5&#37; tinham hipertrofia grave do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#46; O valor m&#225;ximo para massa ventricular esquerda no in&#237;cio da temporada foi de 279<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g e no pico de esfor&#231;o foi 458<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o variou significativamente&#44; dado que ambas as medi&#231;&#245;es foram efetuadas sob as mesmas condi&#231;&#245;es de demanda circulat&#243;ria que n&#227;o exigiam condi&#231;&#245;es distintas de pr&#233;-carga e contratilidade&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta caracteriza-se pela normalidade da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#44; apesar da hipertrofia que pode ocorrer&#46; Nesta an&#225;lise&#44; real&#231;a-se novamente que a hipertrofia ventricular verificada entre as duas medi&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o cursou com qualquer preju&#237;zo da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atuando durante a di&#225;stole como um conduto entre as veias pulmonares e o VE e&#44; durante a s&#237;stole&#44; como um reservat&#243;rio&#44; a aur&#237;cula esquerda &#233; uma estrutura com parede bem menos espessa do que a do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e&#44; como tal&#44; &#233; bem mais complacente e suscet&#237;vel a pequenas varia&#231;&#245;es cr&#243;nicas no seu volume de enchimento&#46; Nesta amostra de atletas houve um significativo aumento do di&#226;metro auricular esquerdo entre as duas medi&#231;&#245;es&#46; Esta cavidade n&#227;o &#233; uma cavidade sim&#233;trica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> e&#44; como tal&#44; n&#227;o se verificou similaridade na magnitude do aumento de dimens&#227;o quando se analisa o di&#226;metro e a &#225;rea&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; observou-se uma estreita rela&#231;&#227;o entre o aumento do valor de E&#47;A e o aumento do di&#226;metro auricular esquerdo &#40;coef&#46; de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spearman</span> 0&#44;44&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#44; facto que sugere que quanto maior &#233; a aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; maior &#233; a quantidade de sangue nela armazenado durante a s&#237;stole ventricular e maior ser&#225; a onda E da fase protodiast&#243;lica de enchimento r&#225;pido do VE&#46; Como a maior parte do enchimento ventricular ocorre nesta fase&#44; a repercuss&#227;o do maior volume intra-auricular sobre a onda A n&#227;o resulta num aumento t&#227;o marcado como acontece para a onda E&#44; o que torna maior a rela&#231;&#227;o E&#47;A&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; conforme foi dito atr&#225;s&#44; a contra&#231;&#227;o auricular em atletas treinados contribui menos para o enchimento ventricular do que em controlos sedent&#225;rios&#44; dada a menor frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nos primeiros e&#44; consequentemente&#44; o maior tempo de di&#225;stole&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando as duas medi&#231;&#245;es de PSAP em atletas j&#225; adaptados em repouso &#40;com condi&#231;&#245;es semelhantes de pr&#233;-carga&#41;&#44; o aumento n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativo do primeiro para o segundo exame&#44; apesar de se ter notado uma tend&#234;ncia para maior regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A n&#237;vel de diferen&#231;as raciais detetadas&#44; verificou-se que&#44; no in&#237;cio da &#233;poca&#44; a espessura das paredes do VE dos jogadores de origem africana era maior&#46; No decorrer da &#233;poca&#44; o espessamento nos primeiros tamb&#233;m foi maior&#59; no entanto&#44; dada a pequena amostra considerada os valores&#44; n&#227;o foram estatisticamente significativos&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A idade dos atletas tamb&#233;m n&#227;o mostrou ter influ&#234;ncia na ocorr&#234;ncia de padr&#245;es espec&#237;ficos de adapta&#231;&#227;o adicional&#44; observa&#231;&#227;o essa&#44; mais uma vez&#44; limitada pelo curto n&#250;mero de atletas analisados&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; de entre os resultados obtidos&#44; a hipertrofia das paredes do VE constitui a marca deste padr&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#227;o adicional ocorrida entre o in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e o pico competitivo&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste contexto&#44; adquire particular relev&#226;ncia a forma como este marcador se relaciona com o rendimento desportivo&#46; Pelo modelo de regress&#227;o linear constru&#237;do&#44; o aumento da espessura do septo foi considerado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fator preditor independente</span> de uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s o segundo exame &#40;valor de p&#44; pelo teste F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As diferen&#231;as encontradas entre os primeiros e os segundos exames foram t&#233;nues&#44; uma vez que se comparam os mesmos indiv&#237;duos numa fase em que grande parte das altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais que ocorrem no &#171;cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta&#187; j&#225; se manifestaram&#44; tendo em conta o longo passado de pr&#225;tica de competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; Notaram-se apenas modifica&#231;&#245;es nas caracter&#237;sticas cuja cin&#233;tica de aparecimento&#47;desaparecimento &#233; mais r&#225;pida&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma das conclus&#245;es mais importantes que se podem retirar desta an&#225;lise &#233; que h&#225; lugar para adapta&#231;&#245;es adicionais entre per&#237;odos da &#233;poca em que o n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica &#233; diferente&#46; Estas consistem essencialmente na hipertrofia das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; com consequente aumento da sua massa normalizada para a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal&#44; e no aumento das dimens&#245;es da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#46; Por outro lado&#44; vari&#225;veis como o DtdVE&#44; a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o e os par&#226;metros Doppler de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica n&#227;o se alteraram significativamente&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O grau de espessamento do septo demonstrou comportar-se como preditor independente de maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o&#46; Isto sugere que uma melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o adaptativa a n&#237;vel cardiovascular se enquadra num melhor condicionamento f&#237;sico global&#44; com reflexo a n&#237;vel do rendimento desportivo&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o houve subgrupos em que determinada caracter&#237;stica&#44; nomeadamente padr&#245;es espec&#237;ficos de hipertrofia ou dilata&#231;&#227;o cavit&#225;ria&#44; se modificasse de forma mais ampla do que noutros&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em suma&#44; as caracter&#237;sticas do &#171;cora&#231;&#227;o do atleta&#187; n&#227;o s&#227;o irrevers&#237;veis ou est&#225;ticas&#44; antes se modificam consoante as exig&#234;ncias sazonais que lhe s&#227;o impostas&#46; Essa din&#226;mica adaptativa n&#227;o &#233; a mesma para todos os par&#226;metros analisados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Conflito de interesses"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-02-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2012-06-04"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Cora&#231;&#227;o de atleta"
            1 => "Adapta&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas ao esfor&#231;o"
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            1 => "Cardiac adaptations to effort"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A presente investiga&#231;&#227;o tem por objetivo estabelecer quais as altera&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas morfofuncionais&#44; que ocorrem ao longo de uma &#233;poca desportiva&#44; em atletas de alta competi&#231;&#227;o com modifica&#231;&#245;es adaptativas previamente induzidas&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para tal&#44; realizaram-se dois exames ecocardiogr&#225;ficos a cada um dos atletas do plantel s&#233;nior de uma equipa de futebol profissional&#44; um no in&#237;cio da fase de treinos e outro no per&#237;odo de maior intensidade competitiva&#44; considerado como o pico de esfor&#231;o&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demonstrou-se que&#44; ap&#243;s o breve per&#237;odo de descondicionamento que correspondeu &#224;s f&#233;rias desportivas&#44; existe lugar a adapta&#231;&#245;es adicionais&#44; mesmo em atletas com v&#225;rios anos de pr&#225;tica profissional pr&#233;via&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre as duas avalia&#231;&#245;es&#44; verificou-se o aumento significativo da espessura das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e respetiva massa&#44; e do di&#226;metro da aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; com manuten&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#44; e dos par&#226;metros de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica considerados&#46; Uma maior extens&#227;o da hipertrofia da musculatura ventricular relacionou-se com maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o em competi&#231;&#227;o por parte dos atletas em que ela ocorreu&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A principal limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo prende-se com o pequeno n&#250;mero de atletas estudados&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This research aims to determine the cardiac morphological and functional changes that occur during the competitive season in elite athletes with previously-induced adaptive changes&#46;</p><p id="spar1030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two echocardiographic examinations were performed in each player of a senior professional football team&#44; the first at the beginning of the training phase and the other at the peak of the competitive season&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It was demonstrated that after the brief period of deconditioning during the holiday period&#44; further changes took place&#44; even in these athletes with several years of prior professional activity&#46;</p><p id="spar2030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was a significant increase between the two assessments in left ventricular wall thickness and mass&#44; and in left atrial diameter&#44; but left ventricular diastolic diameter and the diastolic function parameters considered remained the same&#46; Greater left ventricular wall hypertrophy was related to more competitive playing time in these players&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of the study is the small number of athletes studied&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mesti&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Afrodescendente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354956.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Composi&#231;&#227;o do grupo quanto &#224; etnia</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&#46; exame &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&#46;&#176; exame &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;51<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura da parede posterior &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Massa VE&#47;ASC &#40;g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111&#44;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#37;&#41; &#40;repouso&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro da aur&#46; esquerda &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#44;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#44;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea aur&#46; esquerda &#40;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro da raiz da aorta &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;02<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;E&#8217;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;57<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Velocidade sist&#243;lica anel tric&#46; &#40;cm&#47;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354954.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Correla&#231;&#245;es entre varia&#231;&#245;es dos par&#226;metros analisadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> E&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> E&#47;E&#8217;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">E&#47;A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea AD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> vel&#46; sist&#243;lica anel tric&#250;spide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#225;rea da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSAP <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354953.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Significado estat&#237;stico das correla&#231;&#245;es entre as varia&#231;&#245;es dos par&#226;metros</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferen&#231;as &#233;tnicas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura da parede posterior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da massa do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etnia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro da AE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354952.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferen&#231;as na varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros entre atletas de etnias diferentes</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da espessura do septo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro telediast&#243;lico do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> varia&#231;&#227;o da massa do VE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab354951.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Influ&#234;ncia da idade na varia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Correla&#231;&#227;o espessamento do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o no total da &#233;poca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o antes do 2&#46;&#176; exame&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#916; espessura do septo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> &#37; utiliza&#231;&#227;o entre o 2&#46;&#176; exame e o final da &#233;poca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Informação do artigo
ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Português
Dados atualizados diariamente
Ano/Mês Html Pdf Total
2024 Novembro 12 4 16
2024 Outubro 101 33 134
2024 Setembro 125 22 147
2024 Agosto 108 37 145
2024 Julho 92 30 122
2024 Junho 122 25 147
2024 Maio 108 28 136
2024 Abril 92 30 122
2024 Maro 120 23 143
2024 Fevereiro 106 39 145
2024 Janeiro 128 34 162
2023 Dezembro 111 32 143
2023 Novembro 104 20 124
2023 Outubro 97 16 113
2023 Setembro 87 22 109
2023 Agosto 99 17 116
2023 Julho 94 9 103
2023 Junho 88 18 106
2023 Maio 84 23 107
2023 Abril 49 2 51
2023 Maro 112 27 139
2023 Fevereiro 66 18 84
2023 Janeiro 63 12 75
2022 Dezembro 60 23 83
2022 Novembro 77 24 101
2022 Outubro 112 19 131
2022 Setembro 62 31 93
2022 Agosto 88 30 118
2022 Julho 96 36 132
2022 Junho 60 28 88
2022 Maio 68 26 94
2022 Abril 77 25 102
2022 Maro 57 24 81
2022 Fevereiro 49 22 71
2022 Janeiro 78 25 103
2021 Dezembro 50 28 78
2021 Novembro 68 41 109
2021 Outubro 70 37 107
2021 Setembro 49 31 80
2021 Agosto 58 30 88
2021 Julho 44 29 73
2021 Junho 55 20 75
2021 Maio 70 31 101
2021 Abril 127 27 154
2021 Maro 124 21 145
2021 Fevereiro 143 8 151
2021 Janeiro 74 17 91
2020 Dezembro 65 5 70
2020 Novembro 63 14 77
2020 Outubro 59 16 75
2020 Setembro 62 10 72
2020 Agosto 53 5 58
2020 Julho 81 6 87
2020 Junho 62 10 72
2020 Maio 78 5 83
2020 Abril 109 11 120
2020 Maro 134 10 144
2020 Fevereiro 146 29 175
2020 Janeiro 95 6 101
2019 Dezembro 135 15 150
2019 Novembro 82 12 94
2019 Outubro 141 5 146
2019 Setembro 184 13 197
2019 Agosto 181 14 195
2019 Julho 102 16 118
2019 Junho 73 9 82
2019 Maio 49 14 63
2019 Abril 96 16 112
2019 Maro 117 12 129
2019 Fevereiro 72 15 87
2019 Janeiro 79 8 87
2018 Dezembro 88 12 100
2018 Novembro 129 6 135
2018 Outubro 253 10 263
2018 Setembro 44 19 63
2018 Agosto 79 21 100
2018 Julho 56 23 79
2018 Junho 90 16 106
2018 Maio 106 29 135
2018 Abril 121 8 129
2018 Maro 221 12 233
2018 Fevereiro 80 11 91
2018 Janeiro 65 12 77
2017 Dezembro 52 19 71
2017 Novembro 72 17 89
2017 Outubro 65 15 80
2017 Setembro 61 20 81
2017 Agosto 62 32 94
2017 Julho 75 20 95
2017 Junho 71 16 87
2017 Maio 92 27 119
2017 Abril 48 4 52
2017 Maro 60 21 81
2017 Fevereiro 128 12 140
2017 Janeiro 76 9 85
2016 Dezembro 56 10 66
2016 Novembro 88 12 100
2016 Outubro 101 17 118
2016 Setembro 197 18 215
2016 Agosto 117 9 126
2016 Julho 34 7 41
2016 Junho 9 10 19
2016 Maio 7 0 7
2016 Abril 122 1 123
2016 Maro 146 22 168
2016 Fevereiro 170 30 200
2016 Janeiro 125 29 154
2015 Dezembro 144 22 166
2015 Novembro 127 34 161
2015 Outubro 102 32 134
2015 Setembro 143 25 168
2015 Agosto 94 16 110
2015 Julho 101 16 117
2015 Junho 103 13 116
2015 Maio 108 13 121
2015 Abril 126 20 146
2015 Maro 116 15 131
2015 Fevereiro 107 19 126
2015 Janeiro 93 13 106
2014 Dezembro 73 18 91
2014 Novembro 101 20 121
2014 Outubro 99 18 117
2014 Setembro 92 19 111
2014 Agosto 105 18 123
2014 Julho 109 16 125
2014 Junho 94 24 118
2014 Maio 133 20 153
2014 Abril 91 21 112
2014 Maro 223 24 247
2014 Fevereiro 230 25 255
2014 Janeiro 187 30 217
2013 Dezembro 183 27 210
2013 Novembro 226 25 251
2013 Outubro 203 22 225
2013 Setembro 118 25 143
2013 Agosto 82 27 109
2013 Julho 125 38 163
2013 Junho 79 33 112
2013 Maio 107 52 159
2013 Abril 43 18 61
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