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O ETE&#44; sendo um m&#233;todo eficaz nesta monitoriza&#231;&#227;o&#44; envolve na maioria dos casos anestesia geral &#40;com ou sem intuba&#231;&#227;o endotraqueal&#41;&#44; para evitar o desconforto associado &#224; presen&#231;a da sonda durante o procedimento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Apesar de pouco frequentes&#44; foram relatados riscos de aspira&#231;&#227;o e obstru&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#44; perfura&#231;&#227;o esof&#225;gica e disfun&#231;&#227;o das cordas vocais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O desenvolvimento do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco &#40;EIC&#41; veio trazer uma nova dimens&#227;o &#224;s t&#233;cnicas de imagem dispon&#237;veis para os cardiologistas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Com o transdutor posicionado na aur&#237;cula direita&#44; o EIC permite a visualiza&#231;&#227;o direta da morfologia do septo interauricular&#44; o tamanho do defeito e excluir a presen&#231;a de defeitos adicionais&#46; Os atuais transdutores de EIC fornecem imagens de elevada qualidade&#44; possibilitando a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de m&#250;ltiplos planos atrav&#233;s do cateter quadridirecional e estudo Doppler completo&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com este trabalho pretendemos apresentar a experi&#234;ncia de um centro no encerramento percut&#226;neo de CIA e FOP guiado exclusivamente por EIC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 127 doentes consecutivos &#40;m&#233;dia de idades 46&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;2 anos&#59; 71&#37; de mulheres&#41; foi referenciado para o nosso centro para encerramento percut&#226;neo de defeitos do septo interauricular no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010&#46; De acordo com o protocolo do servi&#231;o&#44; todos os doentes foram avaliados por ETE antes do procedimento de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o para encerramento de CIA inclu&#237;ram um QP&#47;QS &#62; 1&#44;5&#44; a presen&#231;a de cavidades direitas dilatadas&#44; hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de acidente vascular cerebral &#40;AVC&#41; ou acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio &#40;AIT&#41; criptog&#233;nico&#46; As indica&#231;&#245;es para encerramento de FOP inclu&#237;ram hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via sugestiva de mecanismo emb&#243;lico paradoxal em doentes com evid&#234;ncia imagiol&#243;gica de m&#250;ltiplos focos isqu&#233;micos ou ent&#227;o antecedentes de AVC&#47;AIT criptog&#233;nico &#40;sem causa conhecida&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes com AVC&#47;AIT criptog&#233;nico e suspeita de mecanismo emb&#243;lico paradoxal foram avaliados previamente pela Neurologia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o por ETE foi realizada com o ec&#243;grafo Vivid 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da GE &#40;General Electric Corp&#44; Norfolk&#44; VA&#44; EUA&#41; recorrendo ao teste de microbolhas e manobra de Valsalva&#44; procedimento que foi realizado sob anestesia local&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de FOP era estabelecido caso se verificasse a passagem de microbolhas para as cavidades esquerdas nos tr&#234;s batimentos card&#237;acos ap&#243;s opacifica&#231;&#227;o das cavidades direitas&#46; Foi ainda avaliada a presen&#231;a de crit&#233;rios anat&#243;micos de alto risco para embolia paradoxal&#58; aneurisma do septo interauricular &#40;ASA &#8211; definido pela protus&#227;o de pelo menos 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para al&#233;m do plano do septo interauricular&#41;&#44; v&#225;lvula de Eust&#225;quio exuberante&#44; t&#250;nel largo ou longo &#40;comprimento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; ou a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> espont&#226;neo&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os procedimentos de EIC foram realizados com o cateter 8F AcuNav &#40;produzido pela Siemens Medical Solutions e distribu&#237;do pela Biosense Webster&#41;&#46; 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Na posi&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">home view</span> e com o cateter direcionado para a v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide&#44; rodamos 30-45&#176; no sentido hor&#225;rio e visualizamos o trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito e v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;3</a>&#41;&#46; A parte anterior do septo pode ser observada nesta incid&#234;ncia com um pouco mais de rota&#231;&#227;o hor&#225;ria &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;4</a>&#41;&#46; Fletindo posteriormente o cateter&#44; o transdutor fica direcionado para o septo interauricular &#40;SIA&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;5</a>&#41;&#44; visualizando-se assim o septo&#44; seio coron&#225;rio e veias pulmonares&#44; dependendo da localiza&#231;&#227;o exata do transdutor &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Septal view</span>&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s bloquear a extremidade distal nesta posi&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel visualizar outras incid&#234;ncias atrav&#233;s da rota&#231;&#227;o &#226;ntero-posterior ou da esquerda para a direita&#46; Avan&#231;ando o cateter superiormente permite observar a veia cava superior e a sua rela&#231;&#227;o com o SIA&#46; O mesmo SIA &#233; visualizado na sua extens&#227;o superior e inferior&#44; correspondendo &#224; incid&#234;ncia em eixo longo no ETE&#46; O cateter &#233; bloqueado nessa posi&#231;&#227;o&#44; seguido de rota&#231;&#227;o hor&#225;ria at&#233; se localizar pr&#243;ximo do anel da v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide e inferiormente &#224; v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica&#46; Nesta incid&#234;ncia&#44; com a flex&#227;o do transdutor para a direita&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel visualizar a v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica em eixo curto e o SIA anterior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o dos di&#226;metros da CIA&#44; comprimento do SIA e dimens&#245;es dos bordos foi realizada em v&#225;rios planos&#46; Definiram-se como bordos insuficientes aqueles que apresentassem dimens&#245;es inferiores a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;no caso do coto a&#243;rtico&#41; e 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para os restantes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Protocolo de encerramento e sele&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi administrada terap&#234;utica antibi&#243;tica profil&#225;tica &#40;cefuroxima 750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; por via endovenosa uma hora antes do procedimento e heparina n&#227;o fracionada &#40;70U&#47;kg&#41; durante a interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Todos os doentes iniciaram dupla antiagrega&#231;&#227;o com &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico &#40;AAS&#41; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e clopidogrel 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg na v&#233;spera do encerramento&#44; mantendo clopidogrel durante um m&#234;s e AAS durante seis meses no caso das CIA&#46; Para os FOP recomendava-se AAS conforme indica&#231;&#227;o da neurologia &#40;habitualmente por tempo indefinido&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O EIC foi a &#250;nica t&#233;cnica de imagem utilizada para guiar o posicionamento do dispositivo e a sua coloca&#231;&#227;o&#46; O procedimento iniciava-se com a pun&#231;&#227;o bilateral de ambas as veias femorais&#44; com coloca&#231;&#227;o de introdutor 8F na veia femoral direita para realiza&#231;&#227;o do cateterismo direito&#44; quando necess&#225;rio&#44; sendo substitu&#237;do por um introdutor 10F ou 12F para implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo&#46; Na veia femoral esquerda era colocado um introdutor longo 8F de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm para a sonda do EIC&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nos achados do EIC&#44; os operadores selecionaram o dispositivo da fam&#237;lia Amplatzer &#40;PFO occluder&#44; Cribriform occluder&#44; ASD occluder&#44; AGA Medical Corporation&#41;&#44; Occlutech Figulla PFO or ASD ocluder&#44; Solysafe septal ocluder &#40;Swissimplant AG&#41; ou o Premere Closure System &#40;St Jude Medical&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s passagem de guia 0&#44;35&#47;260<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm e coloca&#231;&#227;o de cateter Multipurpose 6F ao n&#237;vel do defeito do SIA&#44; era trocada para guia Amplatzer Super Stiff que era introduzida at&#233; &#224; veia pulmonar superior esquerda&#46; Era ent&#227;o colocada a bainha de liberta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo escolhido e retirada a guia&#46; Ap&#243;s progress&#227;o do dispositivo at&#233; ao defeito do SIA era libertado o disco distal na aur&#237;cula esquerda com a retirada da bainha&#46; Utilizando simultaneamente a fluroscopia e o EIC&#44; o dispositivo era colocado na sua totalidade com a liberta&#231;&#227;o do disco proximal na aur&#237;cula direita&#46; Ap&#243;s a confirma&#231;&#227;o da boa aposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; aus&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ou de defeitos adicionais do SIA&#44; o dispositivo era libertado de forma definitiva&#46; Os dispositivos que se verificavam estar mal posicionados eram retirados e novamente reposicionados&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliados os tempos de procedimento&#44; fluoroscopia e dura&#231;&#227;o do internamento hospitalar&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exemplificamos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a> um caso de encerramento de CIA com Amplatzer ASD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> de 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Seguimento</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes foram reavaliados cl&#237;nica&#44; eletro e ecocardiograficamente com ETT &#224; data da alta&#44; ao 1&#46;&#176;&#44; 3&#46;&#176;&#44; 6&#46;&#176; e 12&#46;&#176; m&#234;s ap&#243;s implanta&#231;&#227;o para excluir <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;definido como muito ligeiro se largura do jato em Doppler c&#244;r &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; ligeiro se 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; moderado se 2-4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e grave se &#62; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; malaposi&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo ou outras complica&#231;&#245;es&#46; Foram ainda efetuados ETE em casos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ou em seguimentos de CIA de grandes dimens&#245;es &#40;&#62; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas est&#227;o descritas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1 e 2</a>&#44; respetivamente&#46; De um total de 127 doentes submetidos a EP&#44; 71 &#40;56&#37;&#41; tinham FOP e 56 &#40;44&#37;&#41; uma CIA&#44; 19 das quais eram multifenestradas &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade dos doentes com CIA foi de 44&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;4 anos e de 48&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1 anos para os doentes com FOP&#46; O sexo feminino era predominante em ambos os grupos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas anat&#243;micas e de interven&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o descritas nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tabelas 3 e 4</a>&#44; respetivamente&#46; Dos doentes com CIA&#44; 34 &#40;60&#37;&#41; tinham bordos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">floppy</span> e 21 &#40;38&#37;&#41; tinham pelo menos um coto <span class="elsevierStyleBold">insuficiente&#46;</span> O di&#226;metro m&#233;dio das CIA foi de 22&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;8mm&#46; Dos 71 doentes com FOP&#44; 62 &#40;87&#37;&#41; tinham pelo menos um crit&#233;rio anat&#243;mico de alto risco&#58; 34 &#40;48&#37;&#41; com ASA&#44; 28 &#40;39&#37;&#41; com v&#225;lvula de Eust&#225;quio exuberante e 38 &#40;54&#37;&#41; tinham <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> espont&#226;neo associado&#46; Um total de 53 doentes &#40;49&#37;&#41; apresentava morfologia de t&#250;nel longo e quatro continham simultaneamente todos os crit&#233;rios de alto risco&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O procedimento foi bem sucedido em todos os doentes&#44; incluindo um doente que necessitou da implanta&#231;&#227;o simult&#226;nea de 2 dispositivos &#40;Amplatzer 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e Amplatzer 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; Foi necess&#225;rio mudar de dispositivo &#40;alterando o tipo ou tamanho&#41; em 3 casos&#44; por presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual peridispositivo&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 82 doentes receberam dispositivos Amplatzer Septal Occluder&#44; 36 receberam um dispositivo Premere&#44; 6 doentes foram encerrados com Solysafe Occluder e os restantes 4 com um Occlutech&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio do procedimento foi de 43&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1 minutos e o tempo m&#233;dio de fluoroscopia de 7&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;3 minutos&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do internamento foi de 2&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;5 dias&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Seguimento</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou-se um caso de hematoma femoral direito no p&#243;s procedimento imediato&#44; resolvido apenas com medidas compressivas e vigil&#226;ncia&#44; prolongando o internamento por mais 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> &#40;FUP&#44; m&#233;dio de 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 meses&#41;&#44; 3 doentes apresentaram um s<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hunt</span> residual de grau ligeiro &#40;confirmado por ETE&#41; e verificou-se um caso de perturba&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do ritmo card&#237;aco &#40;uma jovem de 28 anos com ritmo juncional no 3&#46;&#176; m&#234;s p&#243;s procedimento &#8211; O Holter de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h realizado posteriormente n&#227;o demonstrou recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias e a doente permaneceu assintom&#225;tica&#41;&#46; Houve um caso de AVC 6 meses ap&#243;s o encerramento de FOP&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser visualizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;confirmado por ETE com administra&#231;&#227;o de soro agitado&#41;&#46; N&#227;o se verificou nenhum caso de emboliza&#231;&#227;o de dispositivo&#44; eros&#227;o a&#243;rtica ou trombose do dispositivo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica &#233; pr&#225;tica habitual durante o encerramento percut&#226;neo de CIA e FOP&#44; sendo o ETE o m&#233;todo mais utilizado para o efeito&#46; Apresenta no entanto limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; nomeadamente a necessidade de anestesia geral e a ocorr&#234;ncia de potenciais complica&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; manipula&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea na posi&#231;&#227;o de dec&#250;bito dorsal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; V&#225;rios estudos pequenos demonstraram que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da ecocardiografia intracard&#237;aca com cateter AcuNav<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#233; uma alternativa pr&#225;tica e precisa para o encerramento de CIA ou FOP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a>&#46; Embora n&#227;o tenha sido objetivo deste estudo uma an&#225;lise de custo-efetividade&#44; j&#225; que &#233; dif&#237;cil o c&#225;lculo das despesas diretas e indiretas relativas ao uso de ETE associado a anestesia geral num hospital p&#250;blico&#44; alguns estudos publicados sugerem tamb&#233;m um benef&#237;cio econ&#243;mico desta t&#233;cnica para os gastos globais do procedimento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cuidadosa avalia&#231;&#227;o do septo interauricular&#44; aur&#237;cula direita e suas rela&#231;&#245;es anat&#243;micas revelaram-se fundamentais para um encerramento seguro e eficaz dos defeitos do septo interauricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; O EIC demonstrou ser preciso na medi&#231;&#227;o da fossa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ovalis</span> e dos bordos da CIA&#44; facilitando a escolha adequada das dimens&#245;es do dispositivo a colocar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Revela-se ainda uma t&#233;cnica de imagem equivalente para a medi&#231;&#227;o do defeito do septo e na monitoriza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos com anatomia complexa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa casu&#237;stica&#44; a sele&#231;&#227;o adequada dos doentes e avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa da anatomia do SIA traduziu-se numa elevada taxa de sucesso no encerramento dos defeitos do SIA&#44; associada a uma percentagem reduzida de complica&#231;&#245;es&#46; Verificaram-se apenas 3 casos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual no FUP&#44; todos eles de grau ligeiro&#44; sem repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; a import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ap&#243;s encerramento parece correlacionar-se diretamente com as suas dimens&#245;es&#46; A presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual moderado ou grave aumenta em cerca de 4 vezes o risco de recorr&#234;ncia de eventos emb&#243;licos paradoxais&#44; enquanto pequenos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunts</span> n&#227;o parecem ter significado cl&#237;nico a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; Registou-se ainda um pequeno n&#250;mero de doentes com perturba&#231;&#245;es de ritmo sem tradu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; documentando-se um caso de ritmo juncional transit&#243;rio&#46; Apesar de n&#227;o ser objetivo deste artigo discutir as indica&#231;&#245;es para encerramento percut&#226;neo dos defeitos do SIA&#44; o caso de AVC recorrente que apresentamos na nossa s&#233;rie relembra ainda a necessidade de selecionar adequadamente os doentes para este tipo de procedimentos&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; o ETE&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser utilizado durante os procedimentos&#44; &#233; fundamental para o diagn&#243;stico correto e para avaliar a possibilidade de encerramento por via percut&#226;nea&#46; Com os dados obtidos intraprocedimento pelo EIC&#44; adquirimos informa&#231;&#227;o complementar importante para a implanta&#231;&#227;o adequada dos dispositivos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa s&#233;rie&#44; o EIC forneceu excelente detalhe anat&#243;mico das CIA ou FOP&#44; nomeadamente quanto &#224; sua localiza&#231;&#227;o e tamanho&#44; tipo de bordos e rela&#231;&#227;o com estruturas adjacentes&#46; Permitiu guiar de forma eficaz a correta implanta&#231;&#227;o dos dispositivos&#44; com baixa taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es e eliminou as principais limita&#231;&#245;es associadas ao ETE&#44; como a necessidade de anestesia geral e problemas associados com a manipula&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#46; Finalmente&#44; forneceu ao cardiologista de interven&#231;&#227;o a possibilidade de controlar todos os aspetos do procedimento sem necessidade de suporte ecocardiogr&#225;fico adicional&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Intracardiac echocardiography"
            1 => "Atrial septal defects"
            2 => "Transcatheter device closure"
          ]
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    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O encerramento percut&#226;neo &#40;EP&#41; de defeitos do septo interauricular &#40;SIA&#41; &#233; uma t&#233;cnica comprovadamente eficaz para o tratamento da comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular &#40;CIA&#41; e preven&#231;&#227;o de embolia paradoxal em doentes com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente &#40;FOP&#41;&#46; A monitoriza&#231;&#227;o com ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico &#40;ETE&#41; &#233; o m&#233;todo habitualmente utilizado mas o ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco &#40;EIC&#41; constitui uma alternativa pr&#225;tica e segura para o controlo imagiol&#243;gico destes procedimentos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apresentar a experi&#234;ncia de um centro no EP de CIA e FOP guiado exclusivamente por EIC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analis&#225;mos retrospetivamente uma s&#233;rie de doentes consecutivos com CIA ou FOP submetidos a EP sob controlo por EIC no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010&#46; Foram todos avaliados cl&#237;nica&#44; eletro e ecocardiograficamente &#224; data da alta e ap&#243;s o 1&#46;&#176;&#44; 3&#46;&#176;&#44; 6&#46;&#176; e 12&#46;&#176; m&#234;s para excluir <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;SR&#41; e malaposi&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 127 doentes &#40;46&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;2 anos&#59; 71&#37; de mulheres&#41; foi submetido a EP de CIA ou FOP durante o referido per&#237;odo&#46; A utiliza&#231;&#227;o do EIC durante o EP permitiu a coloca&#231;&#227;o eficaz dos dispositivos em 100&#37; dos casos&#44; com uma reduzida taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; dispensando a utiliza&#231;&#227;o adicional de outras t&#233;cnicas de imagem durante os procedimentos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O EIC fornece informa&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica detalhada da CIA&#47;FOP e estruturas card&#237;acas adjacentes&#44; facilitando assim os procedimentos de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Elimina os inconvenientes do ETE e possibilita ao cardiologista de interven&#231;&#227;o controlar os v&#225;rios aspetos do procedimento sem necessitar de apoio ecocardiogr&#225;fico adicional&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Device closure of interatrial communications has become a well-established technique to treat left-to-right shunt associated with atrial septal defect &#40;ASD&#41; and to prevent paradoxical embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale &#40;PFO&#41;&#46; Guidance by transesophageal echocardiography &#40;TEE&#41; is the standard practice but intracardiac echocardiography &#40;ICE&#41; is a feasible and safe alternative for monitoring these procedures&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To report our experience in the percutaneous closure of ASD and PFO guided by ICE&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively reviewed all patients with ASD or PFO who underwent percutaneous closure guided exclusively by ICE between January 2008 and December 2010&#46; All patients were followed clinically with regular echocardiographic evaluation &#40;at discharge&#44; one month&#44; three&#44; six and twelve months&#41; to exclude residual shunt and device malposition&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 127 patients &#40;mean age 46&#46;6&#177;12&#46;2 years&#59; 71&#37; female&#41; underwent transcatheter device closure of ASD or PFO during the study period&#46; Device deployment with ICE monitoring was 100&#37; successful&#44; with a low rate of complications and eliminating the need for additional imaging techniques&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICE provides anatomical detail of ASD&#47;PFO and cardiac structures&#44; facilitating congenital cardiac interventional procedures&#46; It eliminates the major drawbacks associated with TEE and enables the interventional cardiologist to control all aspects of the procedure without relying on additional echocardiographic support&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Encerramento de CIA monitorizada por ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco&#46; 1&#41; Visualiza&#231;&#227;o da CIA&#59; 2&#41; Doppler cor com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> esquerdo-direito ao n&#237;vel da CIA&#59; 3&#41; Medi&#231;&#227;o com bal&#227;o&#44; estimando CIA em 19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro&#59; 4&#41; Ba&#237;nha do dispositivo com guia colocada na VPSE&#59; 5&#41; Coloca&#231;&#227;o inicial do dispositivo com liberta&#231;&#227;o do disco distal na aur&#237;cula esquerda&#59; 6&#41; Liberta&#231;&#227;o do disco proximal na aur&#237;cula direita&#59; 7&#41; Doppler de cor demonstrando aus&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual&#59; 8&#41; Liberta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo&#59; AE&#58; aur&#237;cula esquerda&#44; AD&#58; aur&#237;cula direita&#44; Ao&#58; aorta&#44; AP&#58; art&#233;ria pulmonar&#59; CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; VPSE&#58; veia pulmonar superior esquerda&#59; Seta preenchida&#58; Dispositivo Amplatzer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Seta n&#227;o preenchida&#58; bal&#227;o de medi&#231;&#227;o&#59; seta descont&#237;nua&#58; bainha de dispositivo&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; FOP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;&#176; de doentes &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade m&#233;dia &#40;anos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#44;5 &#177; 14&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#44;2 &#177; 10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo feminino &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados demogr&#225;ficos</p>"
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      ]
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AIT&#58; acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio&#59; AVC&#58; acidente vascular cerebral&#59; CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; FOP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente&#59; RM&#58; resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica&#59; TC&#58; tomografia computorizada&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hist&#243;ria de AVC&#47;AIT&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;88&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dilata&#231;&#227;o das cavidades direitas ou Qp&#47;Qs &#62; 1&#44;5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Um &#250;nico evento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hist&#243;ria de AVC&#47;AIT</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Eventos recorrentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RM ou TC positivo &#40;sem hist&#243;ria de AVC&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASA&#58; aneurisma do septo interauricular&#59; CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; FOP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N&#250;mero total &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#250;mero total &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Di&#226;metro m&#233;dio &#40;mm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;8 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ASA &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dimens&#245;es &#62; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#225;lvula Eust&#225;quio exuberante &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Shunt espont&#226;neo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Com bordos &#171;floppy&#187;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">T&#250;nel longo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Com bordos insuficientes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total de dispositivos &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">57</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total de dispositivos &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">71</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dispositivo implantado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dispositivo implantado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amplatzer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;93&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amplatzer&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;41&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ASD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cribiform&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cribiform&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PFO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occlutech ASD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Premere&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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Artigo Original
Encerramento percutâneo de defeitos do septo interauricular guiado por ecocardiograma intracardíaco − A experiência de um centro
Intracardiac echocardiography imaging for device closure of atrial septal defects – A single-center experience
Luís Seca
Autor para correspondência
luisseca@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Romeu Cação, Joana Silva, Rui Providência, Paula Mota, Marco Costa, António Leitão Marques
Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra − Hospital Geral, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O encerramento percut&#226;neo de CIA ou FOP tornou-se uma alternativa eficaz e segura ao tratamento cir&#250;rgico&#46; Com os dispositivos atuais e com a evolu&#231;&#227;o das t&#233;cnicas de implanta&#231;&#227;o&#44; mais de 80&#37; dos defeitos do septo interauricular s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de encerramento por via percut&#226;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; a sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o com a medi&#231;&#227;o do orif&#237;cio e respetivos bordos &#233; essencial para um encerramento eficaz e sem complica&#231;&#245;es&#46; Os m&#233;todos mais frequentemente utilizados para sele&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo e a sua coloca&#231;&#227;o incluem a avalia&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica com medi&#231;&#227;o por bal&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> e monitoriza&#231;&#227;o por ETE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; O ETE&#44; sendo um m&#233;todo eficaz nesta monitoriza&#231;&#227;o&#44; envolve na maioria dos casos anestesia geral &#40;com ou sem intuba&#231;&#227;o endotraqueal&#41;&#44; para evitar o desconforto associado &#224; presen&#231;a da sonda durante o procedimento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Apesar de pouco frequentes&#44; foram relatados riscos de aspira&#231;&#227;o e obstru&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#44; perfura&#231;&#227;o esof&#225;gica e disfun&#231;&#227;o das cordas vocais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O desenvolvimento do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco &#40;EIC&#41; veio trazer uma nova dimens&#227;o &#224;s t&#233;cnicas de imagem dispon&#237;veis para os cardiologistas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Com o transdutor posicionado na aur&#237;cula direita&#44; o EIC permite a visualiza&#231;&#227;o direta da morfologia do septo interauricular&#44; o tamanho do defeito e excluir a presen&#231;a de defeitos adicionais&#46; Os atuais transdutores de EIC fornecem imagens de elevada qualidade&#44; possibilitando a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de m&#250;ltiplos planos atrav&#233;s do cateter quadridirecional e estudo Doppler completo&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com este trabalho pretendemos apresentar a experi&#234;ncia de um centro no encerramento percut&#226;neo de CIA e FOP guiado exclusivamente por EIC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 127 doentes consecutivos &#40;m&#233;dia de idades 46&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;2 anos&#59; 71&#37; de mulheres&#41; foi referenciado para o nosso centro para encerramento percut&#226;neo de defeitos do septo interauricular no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010&#46; De acordo com o protocolo do servi&#231;o&#44; todos os doentes foram avaliados por ETE antes do procedimento de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o para encerramento de CIA inclu&#237;ram um QP&#47;QS &#62; 1&#44;5&#44; a presen&#231;a de cavidades direitas dilatadas&#44; hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de acidente vascular cerebral &#40;AVC&#41; ou acidente isqu&#233;mico transit&#243;rio &#40;AIT&#41; criptog&#233;nico&#46; As indica&#231;&#245;es para encerramento de FOP inclu&#237;ram hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via sugestiva de mecanismo emb&#243;lico paradoxal em doentes com evid&#234;ncia imagiol&#243;gica de m&#250;ltiplos focos isqu&#233;micos ou ent&#227;o antecedentes de AVC&#47;AIT criptog&#233;nico &#40;sem causa conhecida&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes com AVC&#47;AIT criptog&#233;nico e suspeita de mecanismo emb&#243;lico paradoxal foram avaliados previamente pela Neurologia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o por ETE foi realizada com o ec&#243;grafo Vivid 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da GE &#40;General Electric Corp&#44; Norfolk&#44; VA&#44; EUA&#41; recorrendo ao teste de microbolhas e manobra de Valsalva&#44; procedimento que foi realizado sob anestesia local&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de FOP era estabelecido caso se verificasse a passagem de microbolhas para as cavidades esquerdas nos tr&#234;s batimentos card&#237;acos ap&#243;s opacifica&#231;&#227;o das cavidades direitas&#46; Foi ainda avaliada a presen&#231;a de crit&#233;rios anat&#243;micos de alto risco para embolia paradoxal&#58; aneurisma do septo interauricular &#40;ASA &#8211; definido pela protus&#227;o de pelo menos 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para al&#233;m do plano do septo interauricular&#41;&#44; v&#225;lvula de Eust&#225;quio exuberante&#44; t&#250;nel largo ou longo &#40;comprimento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; ou a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> espont&#226;neo&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os procedimentos de EIC foram realizados com o cateter 8F AcuNav &#40;produzido pela Siemens Medical Solutions e distribu&#237;do pela Biosense Webster&#41;&#46; Este cateter possui um transdutor de 64 elementos &#40;5&#44;5-10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz&#41; com penetra&#231;&#227;o de 1 a 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de profundidade e todas as fun&#231;&#245;es de Doppler &#40;Doppler tecidular&#44; cont&#237;nuo&#44; pulsado e codificado em cor&#41;&#46; O estudo de imagem por EIC inicia-se avan&#231;ando o cateter sob controlo fluorosc&#243;pio at&#233; &#224; aur&#237;cula direita m&#233;dia com uma rota&#231;&#227;o hor&#225;ria de 15-30&#176; &#40;designada <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Home View</span>&#41;&#46; A este n&#237;vel &#233; poss&#237;vel visualizar a v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide&#44; aur&#237;cula e ventr&#237;culo direito &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;1</a>&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s retirar ligeiramente o cateter at&#233; &#224; aur&#237;cula direita inferior observa-se a v&#225;lvula de eust&#225;quio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;2</a>&#41;&#46; Na posi&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">home view</span> e com o cateter direcionado para a v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide&#44; rodamos 30-45&#176; no sentido hor&#225;rio e visualizamos o trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito e v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;3</a>&#41;&#46; A parte anterior do septo pode ser observada nesta incid&#234;ncia com um pouco mais de rota&#231;&#227;o hor&#225;ria &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;4</a>&#41;&#46; Fletindo posteriormente o cateter&#44; o transdutor fica direcionado para o septo interauricular &#40;SIA&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;5</a>&#41;&#44; visualizando-se assim o septo&#44; seio coron&#225;rio e veias pulmonares&#44; dependendo da localiza&#231;&#227;o exata do transdutor &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Septal view</span>&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s bloquear a extremidade distal nesta posi&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel visualizar outras incid&#234;ncias atrav&#233;s da rota&#231;&#227;o &#226;ntero-posterior ou da esquerda para a direita&#46; Avan&#231;ando o cateter superiormente permite observar a veia cava superior e a sua rela&#231;&#227;o com o SIA&#46; O mesmo SIA &#233; visualizado na sua extens&#227;o superior e inferior&#44; correspondendo &#224; incid&#234;ncia em eixo longo no ETE&#46; O cateter &#233; bloqueado nessa posi&#231;&#227;o&#44; seguido de rota&#231;&#227;o hor&#225;ria at&#233; se localizar pr&#243;ximo do anel da v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide e inferiormente &#224; v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica&#46; Nesta incid&#234;ncia&#44; com a flex&#227;o do transdutor para a direita&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel visualizar a v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica em eixo curto e o SIA anterior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1&#46;6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o dos di&#226;metros da CIA&#44; comprimento do SIA e dimens&#245;es dos bordos foi realizada em v&#225;rios planos&#46; Definiram-se como bordos insuficientes aqueles que apresentassem dimens&#245;es inferiores a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;no caso do coto a&#243;rtico&#41; e 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm para os restantes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Protocolo de encerramento e sele&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi administrada terap&#234;utica antibi&#243;tica profil&#225;tica &#40;cefuroxima 750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; por via endovenosa uma hora antes do procedimento e heparina n&#227;o fracionada &#40;70U&#47;kg&#41; durante a interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Todos os doentes iniciaram dupla antiagrega&#231;&#227;o com &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico &#40;AAS&#41; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e clopidogrel 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg na v&#233;spera do encerramento&#44; mantendo clopidogrel durante um m&#234;s e AAS durante seis meses no caso das CIA&#46; Para os FOP recomendava-se AAS conforme indica&#231;&#227;o da neurologia &#40;habitualmente por tempo indefinido&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O EIC foi a &#250;nica t&#233;cnica de imagem utilizada para guiar o posicionamento do dispositivo e a sua coloca&#231;&#227;o&#46; O procedimento iniciava-se com a pun&#231;&#227;o bilateral de ambas as veias femorais&#44; com coloca&#231;&#227;o de introdutor 8F na veia femoral direita para realiza&#231;&#227;o do cateterismo direito&#44; quando necess&#225;rio&#44; sendo substitu&#237;do por um introdutor 10F ou 12F para implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo&#46; Na veia femoral esquerda era colocado um introdutor longo 8F de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm para a sonda do EIC&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nos achados do EIC&#44; os operadores selecionaram o dispositivo da fam&#237;lia Amplatzer &#40;PFO occluder&#44; Cribriform occluder&#44; ASD occluder&#44; AGA Medical Corporation&#41;&#44; Occlutech Figulla PFO or ASD ocluder&#44; Solysafe septal ocluder &#40;Swissimplant AG&#41; ou o Premere Closure System &#40;St Jude Medical&#41;&#46; Ap&#243;s passagem de guia 0&#44;35&#47;260<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm e coloca&#231;&#227;o de cateter Multipurpose 6F ao n&#237;vel do defeito do SIA&#44; era trocada para guia Amplatzer Super Stiff que era introduzida at&#233; &#224; veia pulmonar superior esquerda&#46; Era ent&#227;o colocada a bainha de liberta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo escolhido e retirada a guia&#46; Ap&#243;s progress&#227;o do dispositivo at&#233; ao defeito do SIA era libertado o disco distal na aur&#237;cula esquerda com a retirada da bainha&#46; Utilizando simultaneamente a fluroscopia e o EIC&#44; o dispositivo era colocado na sua totalidade com a liberta&#231;&#227;o do disco proximal na aur&#237;cula direita&#46; Ap&#243;s a confirma&#231;&#227;o da boa aposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; aus&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ou de defeitos adicionais do SIA&#44; o dispositivo era libertado de forma definitiva&#46; Os dispositivos que se verificavam estar mal posicionados eram retirados e novamente reposicionados&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliados os tempos de procedimento&#44; fluoroscopia e dura&#231;&#227;o do internamento hospitalar&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exemplificamos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a> um caso de encerramento de CIA com Amplatzer ASD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> de 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Seguimento</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os doentes foram reavaliados cl&#237;nica&#44; eletro e ecocardiograficamente com ETT &#224; data da alta&#44; ao 1&#46;&#176;&#44; 3&#46;&#176;&#44; 6&#46;&#176; e 12&#46;&#176; m&#234;s ap&#243;s implanta&#231;&#227;o para excluir <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;definido como muito ligeiro se largura do jato em Doppler c&#244;r &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; ligeiro se 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; moderado se 2-4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e grave se &#62; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; malaposi&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo ou outras complica&#231;&#245;es&#46; Foram ainda efetuados ETE em casos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ou em seguimentos de CIA de grandes dimens&#245;es &#40;&#62; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas est&#227;o descritas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tabelas 1 e 2</a>&#44; respetivamente&#46; De um total de 127 doentes submetidos a EP&#44; 71 &#40;56&#37;&#41; tinham FOP e 56 &#40;44&#37;&#41; uma CIA&#44; 19 das quais eram multifenestradas &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade dos doentes com CIA foi de 44&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;4 anos e de 48&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1 anos para os doentes com FOP&#46; O sexo feminino era predominante em ambos os grupos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas anat&#243;micas e de interven&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o descritas nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tabelas 3 e 4</a>&#44; respetivamente&#46; Dos doentes com CIA&#44; 34 &#40;60&#37;&#41; tinham bordos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">floppy</span> e 21 &#40;38&#37;&#41; tinham pelo menos um coto <span class="elsevierStyleBold">insuficiente&#46;</span> O di&#226;metro m&#233;dio das CIA foi de 22&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;8mm&#46; Dos 71 doentes com FOP&#44; 62 &#40;87&#37;&#41; tinham pelo menos um crit&#233;rio anat&#243;mico de alto risco&#58; 34 &#40;48&#37;&#41; com ASA&#44; 28 &#40;39&#37;&#41; com v&#225;lvula de Eust&#225;quio exuberante e 38 &#40;54&#37;&#41; tinham <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> espont&#226;neo associado&#46; Um total de 53 doentes &#40;49&#37;&#41; apresentava morfologia de t&#250;nel longo e quatro continham simultaneamente todos os crit&#233;rios de alto risco&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O procedimento foi bem sucedido em todos os doentes&#44; incluindo um doente que necessitou da implanta&#231;&#227;o simult&#226;nea de 2 dispositivos &#40;Amplatzer 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e Amplatzer 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; Foi necess&#225;rio mudar de dispositivo &#40;alterando o tipo ou tamanho&#41; em 3 casos&#44; por presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual peridispositivo&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 82 doentes receberam dispositivos Amplatzer Septal Occluder&#44; 36 receberam um dispositivo Premere&#44; 6 doentes foram encerrados com Solysafe Occluder e os restantes 4 com um Occlutech&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio do procedimento foi de 43&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1 minutos e o tempo m&#233;dio de fluoroscopia de 7&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;3 minutos&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do internamento foi de 2&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;5 dias&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Seguimento</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou-se um caso de hematoma femoral direito no p&#243;s procedimento imediato&#44; resolvido apenas com medidas compressivas e vigil&#226;ncia&#44; prolongando o internamento por mais 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> &#40;FUP&#44; m&#233;dio de 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 meses&#41;&#44; 3 doentes apresentaram um s<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hunt</span> residual de grau ligeiro &#40;confirmado por ETE&#41; e verificou-se um caso de perturba&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do ritmo card&#237;aco &#40;uma jovem de 28 anos com ritmo juncional no 3&#46;&#176; m&#234;s p&#243;s procedimento &#8211; O Holter de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h realizado posteriormente n&#227;o demonstrou recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias e a doente permaneceu assintom&#225;tica&#41;&#46; Houve um caso de AVC 6 meses ap&#243;s o encerramento de FOP&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser visualizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;confirmado por ETE com administra&#231;&#227;o de soro agitado&#41;&#46; N&#227;o se verificou nenhum caso de emboliza&#231;&#227;o de dispositivo&#44; eros&#227;o a&#243;rtica ou trombose do dispositivo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica &#233; pr&#225;tica habitual durante o encerramento percut&#226;neo de CIA e FOP&#44; sendo o ETE o m&#233;todo mais utilizado para o efeito&#46; Apresenta no entanto limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; nomeadamente a necessidade de anestesia geral e a ocorr&#234;ncia de potenciais complica&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; manipula&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea na posi&#231;&#227;o de dec&#250;bito dorsal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; V&#225;rios estudos pequenos demonstraram que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da ecocardiografia intracard&#237;aca com cateter AcuNav<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#233; uma alternativa pr&#225;tica e precisa para o encerramento de CIA ou FOP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a>&#46; Embora n&#227;o tenha sido objetivo deste estudo uma an&#225;lise de custo-efetividade&#44; j&#225; que &#233; dif&#237;cil o c&#225;lculo das despesas diretas e indiretas relativas ao uso de ETE associado a anestesia geral num hospital p&#250;blico&#44; alguns estudos publicados sugerem tamb&#233;m um benef&#237;cio econ&#243;mico desta t&#233;cnica para os gastos globais do procedimento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cuidadosa avalia&#231;&#227;o do septo interauricular&#44; aur&#237;cula direita e suas rela&#231;&#245;es anat&#243;micas revelaram-se fundamentais para um encerramento seguro e eficaz dos defeitos do septo interauricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; O EIC demonstrou ser preciso na medi&#231;&#227;o da fossa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ovalis</span> e dos bordos da CIA&#44; facilitando a escolha adequada das dimens&#245;es do dispositivo a colocar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Revela-se ainda uma t&#233;cnica de imagem equivalente para a medi&#231;&#227;o do defeito do septo e na monitoriza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos com anatomia complexa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa casu&#237;stica&#44; a sele&#231;&#227;o adequada dos doentes e avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa da anatomia do SIA traduziu-se numa elevada taxa de sucesso no encerramento dos defeitos do SIA&#44; associada a uma percentagem reduzida de complica&#231;&#245;es&#46; Verificaram-se apenas 3 casos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual no FUP&#44; todos eles de grau ligeiro&#44; sem repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#46; Ali&#225;s&#44; a import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual ap&#243;s encerramento parece correlacionar-se diretamente com as suas dimens&#245;es&#46; A presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual moderado ou grave aumenta em cerca de 4 vezes o risco de recorr&#234;ncia de eventos emb&#243;licos paradoxais&#44; enquanto pequenos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunts</span> n&#227;o parecem ter significado cl&#237;nico a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; Registou-se ainda um pequeno n&#250;mero de doentes com perturba&#231;&#245;es de ritmo sem tradu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; documentando-se um caso de ritmo juncional transit&#243;rio&#46; Apesar de n&#227;o ser objetivo deste artigo discutir as indica&#231;&#245;es para encerramento percut&#226;neo dos defeitos do SIA&#44; o caso de AVC recorrente que apresentamos na nossa s&#233;rie relembra ainda a necessidade de selecionar adequadamente os doentes para este tipo de procedimentos&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; o ETE&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser utilizado durante os procedimentos&#44; &#233; fundamental para o diagn&#243;stico correto e para avaliar a possibilidade de encerramento por via percut&#226;nea&#46; Com os dados obtidos intraprocedimento pelo EIC&#44; adquirimos informa&#231;&#227;o complementar importante para a implanta&#231;&#227;o adequada dos dispositivos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa s&#233;rie&#44; o EIC forneceu excelente detalhe anat&#243;mico das CIA ou FOP&#44; nomeadamente quanto &#224; sua localiza&#231;&#227;o e tamanho&#44; tipo de bordos e rela&#231;&#227;o com estruturas adjacentes&#46; Permitiu guiar de forma eficaz a correta implanta&#231;&#227;o dos dispositivos&#44; com baixa taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es e eliminou as principais limita&#231;&#245;es associadas ao ETE&#44; como a necessidade de anestesia geral e problemas associados com a manipula&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#46; Finalmente&#44; forneceu ao cardiologista de interven&#231;&#227;o a possibilidade de controlar todos os aspetos do procedimento sem necessidade de suporte ecocardiogr&#225;fico adicional&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O encerramento percut&#226;neo &#40;EP&#41; de defeitos do septo interauricular &#40;SIA&#41; &#233; uma t&#233;cnica comprovadamente eficaz para o tratamento da comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular &#40;CIA&#41; e preven&#231;&#227;o de embolia paradoxal em doentes com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente &#40;FOP&#41;&#46; A monitoriza&#231;&#227;o com ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico &#40;ETE&#41; &#233; o m&#233;todo habitualmente utilizado mas o ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco &#40;EIC&#41; constitui uma alternativa pr&#225;tica e segura para o controlo imagiol&#243;gico destes procedimentos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apresentar a experi&#234;ncia de um centro no EP de CIA e FOP guiado exclusivamente por EIC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analis&#225;mos retrospetivamente uma s&#233;rie de doentes consecutivos com CIA ou FOP submetidos a EP sob controlo por EIC no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010&#46; Foram todos avaliados cl&#237;nica&#44; eletro e ecocardiograficamente &#224; data da alta e ap&#243;s o 1&#46;&#176;&#44; 3&#46;&#176;&#44; 6&#46;&#176; e 12&#46;&#176; m&#234;s para excluir <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> residual &#40;SR&#41; e malaposi&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 127 doentes &#40;46&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;2 anos&#59; 71&#37; de mulheres&#41; foi submetido a EP de CIA ou FOP durante o referido per&#237;odo&#46; A utiliza&#231;&#227;o do EIC durante o EP permitiu a coloca&#231;&#227;o eficaz dos dispositivos em 100&#37; dos casos&#44; com uma reduzida taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; dispensando a utiliza&#231;&#227;o adicional de outras t&#233;cnicas de imagem durante os procedimentos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O EIC fornece informa&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica detalhada da CIA&#47;FOP e estruturas card&#237;acas adjacentes&#44; facilitando assim os procedimentos de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Elimina os inconvenientes do ETE e possibilita ao cardiologista de interven&#231;&#227;o controlar os v&#225;rios aspetos do procedimento sem necessitar de apoio ecocardiogr&#225;fico adicional&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Device closure of interatrial communications has become a well-established technique to treat left-to-right shunt associated with atrial septal defect &#40;ASD&#41; and to prevent paradoxical embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale &#40;PFO&#41;&#46; Guidance by transesophageal echocardiography &#40;TEE&#41; is the standard practice but intracardiac echocardiography &#40;ICE&#41; is a feasible and safe alternative for monitoring these procedures&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To report our experience in the percutaneous closure of ASD and PFO guided by ICE&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively reviewed all patients with ASD or PFO who underwent percutaneous closure guided exclusively by ICE between January 2008 and December 2010&#46; All patients were followed clinically with regular echocardiographic evaluation &#40;at discharge&#44; one month&#44; three&#44; six and twelve months&#41; to exclude residual shunt and device malposition&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 127 patients &#40;mean age 46&#46;6&#177;12&#46;2 years&#59; 71&#37; female&#41; underwent transcatheter device closure of ASD or PFO during the study period&#46; Device deployment with ICE monitoring was 100&#37; successful&#44; with a low rate of complications and eliminating the need for additional imaging techniques&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICE provides anatomical detail of ASD&#47;PFO and cardiac structures&#44; facilitating congenital cardiac interventional procedures&#46; It eliminates the major drawbacks associated with TEE and enables the interventional cardiologist to control all aspects of the procedure without relying on additional echocardiographic support&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hist&#243;ria de AVC&#47;AIT&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;88&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dilata&#231;&#227;o das cavidades direitas ou Qp&#47;Qs &#62; 1&#44;5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Um &#250;nico evento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hist&#243;ria de AVC&#47;AIT</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Eventos recorrentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RM ou TC positivo &#40;sem hist&#243;ria de AVC&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASA&#58; aneurisma do septo interauricular&#59; CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; FOP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N&#250;mero total &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">56</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#250;mero total &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">71</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Di&#226;metro m&#233;dio &#40;mm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;8 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ASA &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dimens&#245;es &#62; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#225;lvula Eust&#225;quio exuberante &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Multifenestratadas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;34&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Shunt espont&#226;neo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Com bordos &#171;floppy&#187;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">T&#250;nel longo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Com bordos insuficientes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas anat&#243;micas</p>"
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      ]
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CIA&#58; comunica&#231;&#227;o interauricular&#59; FOP&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">foramen ovale</span> patente&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FOP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total de dispositivos &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">57</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total de dispositivos &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">71</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dispositivo implantado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dispositivo implantado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amplatzer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;93&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Amplatzer&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;41&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ASD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cribiform&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cribiform&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PFO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occlutech ASD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Premere&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;51&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Solysafe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Solysafe&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occlutech PFO&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas de interven&#231;&#227;o</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Recent advances in closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Qureshi"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measurement of atrial septal defect during cardiac catheterization&#46; Experimental and clinical results"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "T&#46;D&#46; King"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Transesophageal echocardiographic results of catheter closure of atrial septal defect in children and adults using the Amplatzer device"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            2 => "H&#46;T&#46; Patel"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;H&#46; Lee"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ccd.1137"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Safety of transesophageal echocardiography&#46; A multicenter survey of 10&#44;419 examinations"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            2 => "W&#46; Kasper"
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
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                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Urbanowicz"
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                          "etal" => false
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ahj.2008.06.008"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Nishimura"
                            2 => "C&#46;S&#46; Rihal"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "2002"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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Informação do artigo
ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Português
Dados atualizados diariamente
Ano/Mês Html Pdf Total
2024 Novembro 34 4 38
2024 Outubro 153 37 190
2024 Setembro 140 51 191
2024 Agosto 147 53 200
2024 Julho 108 45 153
2024 Junho 119 52 171
2024 Maio 137 26 163
2024 Abril 102 44 146
2024 Maro 133 22 155
2024 Fevereiro 142 22 164
2024 Janeiro 163 29 192
2023 Dezembro 125 31 156
2023 Novembro 110 26 136
2023 Outubro 126 26 152
2023 Setembro 115 25 140
2023 Agosto 99 18 117
2023 Julho 110 14 124
2023 Junho 109 17 126
2023 Maio 135 25 160
2023 Abril 83 13 96
2023 Maro 193 30 223
2023 Fevereiro 200 25 225
2023 Janeiro 142 15 157
2022 Dezembro 105 22 127
2022 Novembro 217 29 246
2022 Outubro 195 17 212
2022 Setembro 200 38 238
2022 Agosto 122 36 158
2022 Julho 124 37 161
2022 Junho 75 25 100
2022 Maio 93 32 125
2022 Abril 105 26 131
2022 Maro 65 34 99
2022 Fevereiro 101 18 119
2022 Janeiro 114 21 135
2021 Dezembro 87 26 113
2021 Novembro 100 36 136
2021 Outubro 139 50 189
2021 Setembro 89 22 111
2021 Agosto 95 31 126
2021 Julho 154 25 179
2021 Junho 158 24 182
2021 Maio 170 53 223
2021 Abril 308 37 345
2021 Maro 201 16 217
2021 Fevereiro 156 26 182
2021 Janeiro 96 16 112
2020 Dezembro 95 5 100
2020 Novembro 120 13 133
2020 Outubro 99 12 111
2020 Setembro 95 10 105
2020 Agosto 58 5 63
2020 Julho 77 9 86
2020 Junho 102 9 111
2020 Maio 83 5 88
2020 Abril 73 9 82
2020 Maro 114 7 121
2020 Fevereiro 203 16 219
2020 Janeiro 127 9 136
2019 Dezembro 124 6 130
2019 Novembro 118 9 127
2019 Outubro 135 8 143
2019 Setembro 141 11 152
2019 Agosto 54 2 56
2019 Julho 42 11 53
2019 Junho 41 6 47
2019 Maio 38 6 44
2019 Abril 103 10 113
2019 Maro 174 11 185
2019 Fevereiro 114 11 125
2019 Janeiro 109 7 116
2018 Dezembro 99 13 112
2018 Novembro 133 9 142
2018 Outubro 177 12 189
2018 Setembro 72 6 78
2018 Agosto 159 10 169
2018 Julho 162 12 174
2018 Junho 142 12 154
2018 Maio 143 24 167
2018 Abril 180 21 201
2018 Maro 102 21 123
2018 Fevereiro 123 8 131
2018 Janeiro 97 7 104
2017 Dezembro 96 8 104
2017 Novembro 127 13 140
2017 Outubro 115 16 131
2017 Setembro 110 14 124
2017 Agosto 105 16 121
2017 Julho 88 14 102
2017 Junho 272 33 305
2017 Maio 158 27 185
2017 Abril 73 5 78
2017 Maro 169 26 195
2017 Fevereiro 255 13 268
2017 Janeiro 98 13 111
2016 Dezembro 59 17 76
2016 Novembro 113 13 126
2016 Outubro 146 8 154
2016 Setembro 199 9 208
2016 Agosto 148 11 159
2016 Julho 37 15 52
2016 Junho 2 11 13
2016 Maio 7 0 7
2016 Abril 119 2 121
2016 Maro 181 16 197
2016 Fevereiro 209 38 247
2016 Janeiro 173 35 208
2015 Dezembro 150 21 171
2015 Novembro 156 17 173
2015 Outubro 193 19 212
2015 Setembro 142 21 163
2015 Agosto 147 19 166
2015 Julho 180 12 192
2015 Junho 108 7 115
2015 Maio 144 11 155
2015 Abril 117 10 127
2015 Maro 165 6 171
2015 Fevereiro 180 10 190
2015 Janeiro 106 9 115
2014 Dezembro 112 14 126
2014 Novembro 147 19 166
2014 Outubro 160 12 172
2014 Setembro 146 20 166
2014 Agosto 93 18 111
2014 Julho 129 31 160
2014 Junho 107 11 118
2014 Maio 141 20 161
2014 Abril 61 12 73
2014 Maro 178 32 210
2014 Fevereiro 177 23 200
2014 Janeiro 205 37 242
2013 Dezembro 175 31 206
2013 Novembro 204 27 231
2013 Outubro 219 21 240
2013 Setembro 181 23 204
2013 Agosto 138 24 162
2013 Julho 154 29 183
2013 Junho 94 29 123
2013 Maio 119 33 152
2013 Abril 127 35 162
2013 Maro 106 38 144
2013 Fevereiro 95 36 131
2013 Janeiro 122 48 170
2012 Dezembro 73 29 102
2012 Novembro 76 37 113
2012 Outubro 61 34 95
2012 Setembro 24 29 53
2012 Janeiro 140 0 140
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