array:25 [
  "pii" => "S0870255117302901"
  "issn" => "08702551"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.014"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
  "aid" => "1244"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2018"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:549-57"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1582
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 124
      "HTML" => 1135
      "PDF" => 323
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S217420491830254X"
      "issn" => "21742049"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2017.10.011"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
      "aid" => "1244"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:549-57"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1319
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 107
          "HTML" => 967
          "PDF" => 245
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair&#58; A ghost from the past or a problem in the future&#63;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "pt"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "549"
            "paginaFinal" => "557"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1239
                "Ancho" => 1562
                "Tamanyo" => 89621
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between ascending aorta z-score and left ventricular stroke volume index in tetralogy of Fallot patients &#40;Pearson&#39;s correlation&#61;0&#46;28&#44; p&#61;0&#46;004&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Cristina Cruz, Teresa Pinho, V&#226;nia Ribeiro, Cl&#225;udia Camila Dias, Jos&#233; Silva Cardoso, Maria J&#250;lia Maciel"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Cristina"
                "apellidos" => "Cruz"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Teresa"
                "apellidos" => "Pinho"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "V&#226;nia"
                "apellidos" => "Ribeiro"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Cl&#225;udia Camila"
                "apellidos" => "Dias"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
                "apellidos" => "Silva Cardoso"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Maria J&#250;lia"
                "apellidos" => "Maciel"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0870255117302901"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.014"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302901?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217420491830254X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21742049/0000003700000007/v1_201807190435/S217420491830254X/v1_201807190435/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0870255118303512"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.05.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
    "aid" => "1247"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:559-61"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1375
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 123
        "HTML" => 948
        "PDF" => 304
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>"
      "titulo" => "Aortic dilatation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot&#58; Can an old problem be solved&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "559"
          "paginaFinal" => "561"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Dilata&#231;&#227;o da aorta na tetralogia de Fallot reparada&#46; Resolveremos um velho problema&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "F&#225;tima F&#46; Pinto"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#225;tima F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pinto"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255118303512?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000007/v3_201808080407/S0870255118303512/v3_201808080407/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0870255118303512"
      "issn" => "08702551"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.05.010"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
      "aid" => "1247"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "dis"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:559-61"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1375
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 123
          "HTML" => 948
          "PDF" => 304
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>"
        "titulo" => "Aortic dilatation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot&#58; Can an old problem be solved&#63;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "559"
            "paginaFinal" => "561"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "pt" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Dilata&#231;&#227;o da aorta na tetralogia de Fallot reparada&#46; Resolveremos um velho problema&#63;"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "F&#225;tima F&#46; Pinto"
            "autores" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "F&#225;tima F&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Pinto"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255118303512?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000007/v3_201808080407/S0870255118303512/v3_201808080407/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair&#58; A ghost from the past or a problem in the future&#63;"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "549"
        "paginaFinal" => "557"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Cristina Cruz, Teresa Pinho, V&#226;nia Ribeiro, Cl&#225;udia Camila Dias, Jos&#233; Silva Cardoso, Maria J&#250;lia Maciel"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Cristina"
            "apellidos" => "Cruz"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mcristina&#46;cruz&#64;hsjoao&#46;min-saude&#46;pt"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Teresa"
            "apellidos" => "Pinho"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "V&#226;nia"
            "apellidos" => "Ribeiro"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Cl&#225;udia Camila"
            "apellidos" => "Dias"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Silva Cardoso"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Maria J&#250;lia"
            "apellidos" => "Maciel"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Cardiology&#44; Centro Hospitalar S&#227;o Jo&#227;o&#44; Faculty of Medicine&#44; University of Porto&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Community Medicine&#44; Information and Decision in Health&#44; Faculty of Medicine&#44; University of Porto&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1239
            "Ancho" => 1562
            "Tamanyo" => 89621
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between ascending aorta z-score and left ventricular stroke volume index in tetralogy of Fallot patients &#40;Pearson&#39;s correlation&#61;0&#46;28&#44; p&#61;0&#46;004&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tetralogy of Fallot &#40;TOF&#41; is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in which survival into adulthood is common&#46; The guidelines recommend regular long-term follow-up in specialized grown-up congenital heart &#40;GUCH&#41; centers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Major residual lesions after TOF repair occur at the level of the right ventricular outflow tract&#44; including obstruction or aneurysm&#44; and at the pulmonary valve due to regurgitation or stenosis&#46; In addition&#44; as first described by Capelli et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> there is an increasing awareness that aortic &#40;Ao&#41; dilatation can develop late after TOF repair&#46; Interestingly&#44; Ao dilatation is a fetal feature of TOF that tends to disappear after early surgical repair<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> without a palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunt&#44; thus preventing long-standing volume overload on the overriding aorta&#46; Ao dilatation may be a disorder of the past&#44; not reflecting the current surgical era&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; for many reasons&#44; including anatomical and technical surgical issues&#44; not all patients will benefit from early repair&#46; Additionally&#44; aortic histological abnormalities present since infancy in TOF&#44; especially in the Ao root and ascending aorta &#40;AAo&#41; vascular wall&#44; can contribute to Ao dilatation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> This intrinsic aortopathy can lead to Ao dilatation late after TOF repair&#44; but its extent and prevalence are not known&#46; We aimed to assess proximal thoracic aorta dimensions and elasticity by transthoracic echocardiography&#44; in TOF patients and normal controls&#44; and to find possible predictors of Ao dilatation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Study population</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Inclusion criteria</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We prospectively included 126 adults &#40;age &#8805;18 years&#41; with repaired TOF&#44; without pulmonary atresia or absent pulmonary valve&#44; followed at our GUCH center between March 2011 and December 2013&#44; and 63 gender- and age-matched healthy controls&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Exclusion criteria</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We excluded 21 patients&#58; three with associated heart disease &#40;one Ao valve stenosis and two Ao mechanical prosthesis&#41;&#44; 13 with genetic syndromes &#40;11 Down syndrome and two DiGeorge syndrome&#41;&#44; and five due to pregnancy&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Study protocol</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Systemic arterial hemodynamics</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Arterial blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; &#40;systolic &#91;SBP&#93; and diastolic &#91;DBP&#93;&#41; was measured twice with a 2-min interval in supine position and averaged&#44; using an automated blood pressure monitor &#40;SureSigns VS2&#44; Philips Medical Systems&#41;&#46; We chose to measure BP in the left brachial artery&#44; due to the presence of a previous right Blalock-Taussig shunt in a significant number of cases &#40;49 patients&#41;&#46; If there was a palliative left shunt&#44; BP was measured in the right arm &#40;nine cases&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ratio of stroke volume index &#40;SVI&#41; to pulse pressure &#40;PP&#41; was used as an indirect measure of total systemic arterial compliance &#40;SAC&#61;SVI&#47;PP&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Arterial stiffness was calculated as 0&#46;9&#215;SBP&#47;stroke volume &#40;SV&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">M-mode&#44; two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transthoracic echocardiography &#40;TTE&#41; was performed immediately after BP measurement using a Vivid E7 ultrasound system &#40;GE Healthcare&#44; Milwaukee&#44; WI&#44; USA&#41; with an M4S sector array transducer &#40;1&#46;5-4&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz&#41; and digitally stored&#46; All echocardiographic exams were performed and analyzed by an experienced cardiologist&#44; certified in congenital heart disease echocardiography by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and blinded to patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Aortic assessment</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao diameters were measured by two-dimensional &#40;2D&#41; TTE at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva &#40;SoV&#41; and sinotubular junction &#40;STJ&#41; and at the proximal AAo&#44; 2-3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm above the STJ&#44; in parasternal long-axis view perpendicular to the Ao long axis&#44; using the maximum leading edge-to-leading edge diameter method at end-diastole&#44; and were indexed to body surface area &#40;BSA&#41; according to the DuBois formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Ao sinus z-score &#40;AoZ&#41; was obtained using the standard nomograms for Ao root size in healthy adults&#44; adapted from Roman et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The AAo z-score &#40;AAoZ&#41; was based on reference values and equations from Campens et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Ao dilatation was defined as a z-score &#62;&#43;2&#44; for both the SoV and AAo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Elastic properties of the ascending aorta</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AAo distensibility &#40;D&#41; was calculated as 2&#40;As-Ad&#41;&#47;&#91;Ad&#40;SBP-DBP&#41;&#93; in KPa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#215;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; and M-mode derived stiffness index &#40;&#946;1&#41; was calculated as ln&#40;SBP&#47;DBP&#41;&#47;&#40;As-Ad&#41;&#47;Ad&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As and Ad were obtained using the M-mode inner systolic and diastolic AAo diameters in short-axis view&#44; at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation&#44; with Ad obtained at the peak of the R wave of the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram&#44; while As was measured at maximum anterior AAo wall motion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Left ventricular assessment</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Left ventricular &#40;LV&#41; end-diastolic and end-systolic inner diameters&#44; posterior wall and septal thickness were measured by 2D-TTE in parasternal long-axis view&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LV mass was calculated by the corrected formula of the American Society of Echocardiography&#46; Left venricular ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41; was calculated using the modified Simpson&#39;s rule&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> SV was obtained by subtracting end-systolic volume from end-diastolic volume&#44; using 2D volumetric measurements for the LVEF calculation&#46; LV measurements were indexed to BSA according to the DuBois formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler was used to estimate LV filling pressure by calculating the E&#47;lateral e&#8217; ratio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Septal e&#8217; was not used because in TOF&#44; following patch closure of the ventricular septal defect&#44; septal e&#8217; is underestimated and is therefore not helpful in determining diastolic function&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Ethics</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki&#46; It was approved by the local institutional ethics committee and written informed consent was obtained from all patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics&#44; version 24&#46;0 &#40;IBM SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46; A two-tailed p-value &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; Continuous data are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; or as median &#40;range&#41;&#44; according to the normality of the variable&#39;s distribution&#46; Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage&#46; The normality of the data was determined with histograms and using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk test&#44; as appropriate&#46; A paired Student&#39;s t test or a Mann-Whitney U test&#44; as appropriate&#44; was performed to compare continuous variables between patients and controls&#46; Intra- and interobserver variability were assessed in 18 randomly selected cases&#46; Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine bias &#40;mean of the difference&#41; with 95&#37; limits of agreement&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient was used to analyze possible associations between the AAo z-score and a number of continuous variables&#46; Variables associated with Ao dilatation &#40;SoV and AAo z-score &#62;&#43;2&#41; were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; A total of 126 TOF patients were included &#40;mean age 30&#177;9 years&#59; 52&#37; male&#41;&#44; with a mean follow-up since TOF repair of 23&#177;7 years&#46; Most were asymptomatic &#40;91&#37;&#41;&#46; A right Ao arch was present in 29 patients&#46; A previous systemic-to-pulmonary shunt had been performed in 58 cases&#44; with a median interval of three &#40;1-22&#41; years&#46; The shunt-to-repair time was &#8805;5 and &#8805;10 years in 12 and two patients&#44; respectively&#46; Surgical repair was performed in adulthood &#40;age &#8805;18 years&#41; in 12 patients&#46; A transannular patch was used for repair in 57 patients&#46; No differences were found between TOF patients and controls regarding pulse pressure&#44; LV mass index or LV stroke volume index&#46; AAo diameter could be measured in 121 patients&#59; it was larger in TOF patients &#40;33&#46;8&#177;4&#46;8 vs&#46; 26&#46;1&#177;3&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and the STJ was effaced in 53 cases&#46; AAo was larger than SoV in 40&#37; &#40;48&#47;121&#41; of TOF patients&#46; Compared to controls&#44; TOF patients had higher AoZ and AAoZ&#44; lower AAo strain &#40;6&#46;4&#37; &#91;0&#46;0-61&#46;5&#93; vs&#46; 15&#46;2&#37; &#91;0&#46;0-45&#46;0&#93;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; and higher AAo stiffness index &#40;7&#46;3 &#91;0&#46;8-23&#46;6&#93; vs&#46; 3&#46;1 &#91;0&#46;9-14&#46;1&#93;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Comparison between TOF patients according to AAo z-score is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; The prevalence of Ao dilatation at the SoV and AAo &#40;AoZ and AAoZ &#62;&#43;2&#41; was 29&#37; and 24&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; with a maximum absolute SoV &#8805;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in five cases and AAo &#8805;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in four cases&#46; As expected&#44; patients with AAo dilatation &#40;AAo z-score &#62;&#43;2&#41; had a significantly higher BSA&#44; but they had larger LV mass and volumes even after indexing for BSA&#46; Importantly&#44; patients with AAo dilatation had undergone later TOF repair&#44; with a similar median palliative shunt-to-repair time&#46; Patients without AAo dilatation had undergone early repair but the proportion receiving a transannular patch for surgical repair was significantly higher&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was a significant&#44; albeit modest&#44; positive correlation between AAoZ and SAC &#40;Pearson&#39;s correlation &#91;r&#93;&#61;0&#46;24&#44; p&#61;0&#46;01&#41; and a negative correlation with arterial stiffness &#40;r&#61;-0&#46;27&#44; p&#61;0&#46;008&#41;&#44; but not with AAo strain or stiffness index&#46; There was also a modest but significant correlation between AAoZ and LV mass index &#40;r&#61;0&#46;29&#44; p&#61;0&#46;001&#41; and SVI &#40;r&#61;0&#46;28&#44; p&#61;0&#46;004&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; On multivariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tables 3 and 4</a>&#41;&#44; male gender was strongly associated with SoV dilatation &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; 6&#46;3&#44; 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 1&#46;5-26&#46;3&#44; p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#44; but not with AAo dilatation&#46; Instead&#44; AAo&#47;SoV ratio &#62;1 showed the strongest link with AAo dilatation &#40;OR 5&#46;3&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;3-20&#46;9&#44; P&#61;0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Intra- and interobserver variability</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A sample of 15 randomly chosen cases were reanalyzed&#46; Intraobserver variability was 0&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;95&#37; CI 0&#46;22 to 1&#46;64&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>a&#41; for the SoV diameter and 1&#46;53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;95&#37; CI -0&#46;68 to 3&#46;74&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>b&#41; for AAo diameter&#46; Interobserver variability was -1&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;95&#37; CI -2&#46;46 to -0&#46;34&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>c&#41; for the SoV and -1&#46;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;95&#37; CI -4&#46;19 to 1&#46;65&#41; for Aao diameters&#44; respectively &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao dilatation can occur in adults after TOF repair but its prevalence varies according to the study population&#44; the Ao segment analyzed and the cut-off value used for definition&#46; Niwa et al&#46; reported 15&#37; Ao root dilatation using an observed-to-expected cut-off &#62;1&#46;5 at the STJ&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> A multicenter cross-sectional study found a prevalence of 7&#37; using an observed-to-expected ratio &#62;1&#46;5 at the SoV&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> while Nagy et al&#46; found a prevalence of 51&#37; using an SoV z-score &#62;&#43;2&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> In contrast to previous studies&#44; we decided to exclude pulmonary atresia and TOF with absent pulmonary valve in order to avoid a population bias&#44; since in both anatomical variants Ao regurgitation and Ao root dilatation are more common after repair&#46; Moreover&#44; pulmonary atresia is frequently associated with a complex pulmonary vascular pattern and variable major aortopulmonary collaterals&#44; with consequent LV volume overload and a higher prevalence of Ao dilatation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> A single-center study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> also excluded pulmonary atresia and found Ao root dilatation &#40;&#8805;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; in 24&#37; of patients&#44; similar to our results&#46; In our study there was no association of right Ao arch and Ao dilatation in TOF&#44; probably due to the exclusion of pulmonary atresia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> As stated above&#44; this suggests that it is Ao volume overload that predisposes to Ao dilation and not the sidedness of the Ao arch&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We decided to exclude genetic syndromes&#44; including Down and DiGeorge syndromes&#44; due to their frequent association with developmental delay&#44; especially growth retardation&#44; in order to avoid influencing study results when comparing TOF patients with normal controls &#40;e&#46;g&#46; indexed Ao dimension or Ao z-score&#41;&#46; Unfortunately&#44; we cannot exclude the possible existence of partial 22q11 deletion in non-syndromic patients&#44; as genetic testing was not performed systematically in all patients&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although absolute Ao diameters are used for surgical decisions&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> z-scores that adjust Ao dimensions for age and BSA appear to be more accurate for definition and longitudinal follow-up in congenital heart disease&#46; Of note&#44; the fact that Ao dilatation included not only the Ao root but also the AAo highlights the importance of complete Ao assessment late after TOF repair&#46; We found a significant prevalence of Ao dilatation&#44; partially explained by a referral bias to a GUCH center&#44; but this was a real-world adult TOF population&#44; reflecting the patients&#8217; historical medical&#44; surgical and social background&#46; Although this is rare&#44; some patients are only diagnosed in adulthood&#46; In our cohort 10&#37; of patients had undergone surgical repair at age 18 or older&#46; As previously reported&#44; later TOF repair leads to longer Ao volume overload&#44; which has an effect on late Ao dilatation&#46; In our study&#44; patients with AAo dilatation had also undergone later TOF repair&#44; but with a similar median palliative shunt-to-repair time&#44; compared to patients without AAo dilatation&#46; More advanced age at surgical shunt or repair was found mostly in our historical older patients&#44; with late referral for both medical and surgical care&#44; which is not seen in contemporary TOF patient populations&#46; In addition&#44; only a small number of patients with AAo dilatation had a palliative shunt prior to repair&#44; and this could have influenced the statistical analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly to Chong et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> who used M-mode strain in a pediatric population&#44; we found abnormal AAo elasticity in adults&#46; Reduced AAo strain in TOF patients could be an expression of abnormal AAo elasticity&#44; a consequence of histological changes&#44; and not simply a reflection of Ao dilatation&#44; which would explain the absence of a significant correlation with AAoZ&#46; We found no correlation between M-mode AAo strain and SAC or arterial stiffness&#46; This lack of association may be explained by the patients&#8217; young age &#40;&#60;30 years in 54&#37;&#41;&#44; and by the fact that M-mode AAo strain is a local elastic measurement&#44; and may not reflect overall systemic arterial elasticity&#46; Applanation tonometry&#44; as the gold standard method for assessing arterial stiffness&#44; could help clarify whether aortopathy in TOF has a real impact on systemic arterial stiffness&#46; Nevertheless&#44; in TOF patients with AAo dilatation we found increased LV mass and volumes and a small correlation between AAoZ and LV mass index&#46; It could be speculated that Ao dilatation with reduced Ao strain could increase afterload and influence LV remodeling&#46; Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Male gender appears to be the most consistent predisposing factor for Ao dilatation&#46; As in previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16&#44;24</span></a> male gender had a strong association with SoV dilatation&#46; Even though predictors of Ao dilatation found in the literature&#44; such as prior palliative shunt&#44; late TOF repair and longer shunt-to-surgical repair time&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;15</span></a> suggest that long-standing Ao volume overload prior to repair can lead to dilatation&#44; in our study shunt-to-repair time and age at surgery were not predictors of Ao dilatation&#46; This discrepancy could be partly attributed to the exclusion of pulmonary atresia&#44; the sample size and the advanced age at repair of a significant number of patients&#44; with and without Ao dilatation&#46; We should emphasize that&#44; apart from the Ao volume overload trigger&#44; other underlying etiologies such as intrinsic histological and elastic changes may contribute to abnormal Ao deformation&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao dissection late after TOF repair has been reported&#44; the longest interval being 46 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and in one case dissection was diagnosed at the age of 18 years&#44; even though TOF repair had been performed in infancy at the age of two months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Additionally&#44; some patients need Ao root replacement during follow-up&#44; most due to Ao regurgitation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> In our center&#44; since the beginning of the study in 2011 to date two patients have been scheduled for a Bentall operation in addition to pulmonary valve replacement &#40;unpublished data&#41;&#46; These findings highlight the need for careful long-term follow-up in order to prevent Ao complications in the future&#46; It remains to be seen whether early TOF repair in infancy will prevent late Ao dilatation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Study limitations</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first limitation relates to the sample size and selection of patients referred to a single tertiary care center&#44; which may have led to selection bias&#46; However&#44; the healthy control group was age- and gender-matched&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly&#44; TTE can be challenging in GUCH patients&#44; due to a poor acoustic window&#46; Nevertheless&#44; SoV and AAo could be assessed in the vast majority of patients&#44; but SV or LVEF using Simpson&#39;s rule was assessed in 110 cases&#46; A multimodality imaging approach could perhaps increase the accuracy of LV volumetric variables&#46; Echocardiographic data were assessed offline and the reviewer only had access to short-axis views of the AAo for M-mode and 2D reanalysis&#44; but we cannot exclude the possibility that the reviewer was able to identify cases of TOF&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirdly&#44; we used brachial artery BP instead of central Ao pressure&#44; and since this could have overestimated DBP&#44; the assessment of Ao distensibility may also have been overestimated&#46; However&#44; the distensibility of the AAo measured by non-invasive methods is close to that obtained by direct measurements&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Also&#44; PP amplification&#44; especially in young individuals&#44; may have led to overestimation of Ao stiffness when using brachial PP&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> but this applies to the entire cohort and did not change the results when comparing TOF patients to controls&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Longitudinal imaging studies of the thoracic aorta in a larger population late after TOF repair are needed to find predictors that could be used to screen for and prevent adverse Ao outcomes&#44; including dissection&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conclusions</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tetralogy of Fallot patients have a significant prevalence of Ao dilatation late after repair&#44; with a larger and stiffer ascending aorta&#46; This aortopathy requires careful follow-up in order to prevent future complications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:13 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1069516"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introduction and Aims"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1016787"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1069515"
          "titulo" => "Resumo"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1016788"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Methods"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Study population"
              "secciones" => array:2 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0020"
                  "titulo" => "Inclusion criteria"
                ]
                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0025"
                  "titulo" => "Exclusion criteria"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Study protocol"
              "secciones" => array:5 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0035"
                  "titulo" => "Systemic arterial hemodynamics"
                ]
                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0040"
                  "titulo" => "M-mode&#44; two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination"
                ]
                2 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0045"
                  "titulo" => "Aortic assessment"
                ]
                3 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0050"
                  "titulo" => "Elastic properties of the ascending aorta"
                ]
                4 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0055"
                  "titulo" => "Left ventricular assessment"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Ethics"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0070"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0075"
              "titulo" => "Intra- and interobserver variability"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0080"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0085"
          "titulo" => "Study limitations"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0090"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0095"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack362045"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        12 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-04-17"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-10-01"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1016787"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Aortic dilatation"
            1 => "Aortic elasticity"
            2 => "Tetralogy of Fallot"
            3 => "Transthoracic echocardiography"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1016788"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Dilata&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica"
            1 => "Elasticidade a&#243;rtica"
            2 => "Tetralogia de Fallot"
            3 => "Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and Aims</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intrinsic aortopathy can lead to dilatation late after tetralogy of Fallot &#40;TOF&#41; repair&#46; Its extent and prevalence are not known&#46; We aimed to assess aortic dimensions and elasticity and to find predictors of aortic dilatation&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 126 adults were prospectively included after TOF repair and compared to 63 gender- and age-matched controls&#46; Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess aortic diameters at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta and aortic dilatation was defined as z-score &#62;&#43;2&#46; M-mode parameters of the ascending aorta were used to calculate strain&#44; distensibility and stiffness index&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TOF patients &#40;mean age 30&#177;9 years&#59; 52&#37; male&#41; had a complete repair at a median age of five &#40;2-49&#41; years&#59; mean follow-up time since repair was 23&#177;7 years&#46; The prevalence of aortic dilatation at the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta was 29&#37; and 24&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Compared to controls&#44; TOF patients had a higher ascending aorta z-score&#44; lower strain &#40;6&#46;4&#37; &#91;0&#46;0-61&#46;5&#93; vs&#46; 15&#46;2&#37; &#91;0&#46;0-45&#46;0&#93;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; and higher stiffness index &#40;7&#46;3 &#91;0&#46;8-23&#46;6&#93; vs&#46; 3&#46;1 &#91;0&#46;9-14&#46;1&#93;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41;&#46; On multivariate analysis male gender was strongly associated with sinuses of Valsalva dilatation &#40;odds ratio 6&#46;3&#44; 95&#37; confidence interval 1&#46;5-26&#46;3&#44; p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of aortic dilatation late after TOF repair is significant&#44; with a larger and stiffer ascending aorta&#46; Male gender appears to influence aortic root dilatation&#46; This aortopathy requires careful follow-up in order to prevent future complications&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and Aims"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma poss&#237;vel aortopatia intr&#237;nseca poder&#225; condicionar dilata&#231;&#227;o tardia da aorta na tetralogia de Fallot operada&#46; A sua preval&#234;ncia e extens&#227;o n&#227;o est&#227;o definidas&#46; Pretendemos avaliar as dimens&#245;es e a elasticidade da aorta e encontrar preditores da dilata&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Inclu&#237;mos prospetivamente 126 adultos operados a tetralogia de Fallot e comparamos com 63 controlos&#46; Avaliamos por ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica os di&#226;metros dos seios de Valsalva e da aorta ascendente e definimos dilata&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica para z-score &#62; &#43;2&#46; Par&#226;metros modo M da aorta ascendente foram usados para calcular <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">strain</span>&#44; distensibilidade e &#237;ndice de rigidez&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doentes com tetralogia de Fallot &#40;idade m&#233;dia 30 &#177; 9 anos&#59; 52&#37; homens&#41; foram operados com uma idade mediana de 5 &#40;2-49&#41; anos&#59; tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento desde a cirurgia 23 &#177; 7 anos&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de dilata&#231;&#227;o dos seios de Valsalva e da aorta ascendente foi 29&#37; e 24&#37;&#44; respetivamente&#46; Comparado aos controlos&#44; os doentes com tetralogia de Fallot apresentaram maior z-score da aorta ascendente&#44; menor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">strain</span> &#40;6&#44;4 &#91;0&#44;0-61&#44;5&#93; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 15&#44;2 &#91;0&#44;0-45&#44;0&#93;&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41; e maior &#237;ndice de rigidez &#40;7&#44;3 &#91;0&#44;8-23&#44;6&#93; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 3&#44;1 &#91;0&#44;9-14&#44;1&#93;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada o sexo masculino associou-se significativamente &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o dos seios de Valsalva &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> 6&#44;3&#44; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; 1&#44;5-26&#44;3&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Na tetralogia de Fallot operada h&#225; uma preval&#234;ncia significativa de dilata&#231;&#227;o tardia da aorta&#44; com a aorta ascendente maior e mais r&#237;gida&#46; O sexo masculino parece influenciar a dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta&#46; Esta aortopatia requer um seguimento cuidadoso para evitar complica&#231;&#245;es futuras&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "nomenclatura" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "identificador" => "nom0005"
        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect1025">List of abbreviations</span>"
        "listaDefinicion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "definicion" => array:26 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "2D"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">two&#8208;dimensional</p>"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "AAo"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ascending aorta</p>"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "AAoZ"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ascending aorta z-score</p>"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Ad"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">aortic diastolic diameter</p>"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Ao"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">aortic</p>"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "AoZ"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao root z-score</p>"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "As"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">aortic systolic diameter</p>"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "BP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">blood pressure</p>"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "BSA"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">body surface area</p>"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "CI"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">confidence interval</p>"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "D"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">distensibility</p>"
              ]
              11 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "DBP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">diastolic blood pressure</p>"
              ]
              12 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "GUCH"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">grown-up congenital heart</p>"
              ]
              13 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "LV"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">left ventricular</p>"
              ]
              14 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "LVEF"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">left ventricular ejection fraction</p>"
              ]
              15 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "OR"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">odds ratio</p>"
              ]
              16 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "PP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">pulse pressure</p>"
              ]
              17 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SAC"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">systemic arterial compliance</p>"
              ]
              18 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SBP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">systolic blood pressure</p>"
              ]
              19 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SD"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">standard deviation</p>"
              ]
              20 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SoV"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">sinuses of Valsalva</p>"
              ]
              21 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "STJ"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">sinotubular junction</p>"
              ]
              22 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SV"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">stroke volume</p>"
              ]
              23 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "SVI"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">stroke volume index</p>"
              ]
              24 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TOF"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">tetralogy of Fallot</p>"
              ]
              25 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TTE"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par1250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">transthoracic echocardiography</p>"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1239
            "Ancho" => 1562
            "Tamanyo" => 89621
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between ascending aorta z-score and left ventricular stroke volume index in tetralogy of Fallot patients &#40;Pearson&#39;s correlation&#61;0&#46;28&#44; p&#61;0&#46;004&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2691
            "Ancho" => 3184
            "Tamanyo" => 382476
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in SoV diameter measurements &#40;in mm&#41;&#46; Estimated bias&#58; 0&#46;93&#37; &#40;95&#37; confidence interval 0&#46;22 to 1&#46;64&#41;&#59; &#40;b&#41; Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in AAo diameter &#40;in mm&#41;&#46; Estimated bias 1&#46;53&#37; &#40;95&#37; confidence interval -0&#46;68 to 3&#46;74&#41;&#59; &#40;c&#41; Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in SoV diameter &#40;in mm&#41;&#46; Estimated bias -1&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;95&#37; confidence interval -2&#46;46 to -0&#46;34&#41;&#59; &#40;d&#41; Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in AAo diameter &#40;in mm&#41;&#46; Estimated bias -1&#46;27&#37; &#40;95&#37; confidence interval -4&#46;19 to 1&#46;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; AAo&#58; ascending aorta&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; SoV&#58; sinuses of Valsalva&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; or median &#40;range&#41;&#46; Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage&#46; Aortic diameters are measured in mm&#46;</p><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AAo&#58; ascending aorta&#59; AAoZ&#58; ascending aorta z-score&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#59; LVEDV&#58; left ventricular end-diastolic volume&#59; LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; LVESV&#58; left ventricular end-systolic volume&#59; SAC&#58; systemic arterial compliance&#59; SoV&#58; sinus of Valsalva&#59; STJ&#58; sinotubular junction&#59; TOF&#58; tetralogy of Fallot&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TOF &#40;n&#61;126&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;2&#177;9&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#46;4&#177;10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male gender&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;52&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;52&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Body surface area&#44; m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systemic arterial hemodynamics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Systolic blood pressure&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117&#46;5&#177;11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">115&#46;8&#177;10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diastolic blood pressure&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;7&#177;8&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;0&#177;8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pulse pressure&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#46;8&#177;8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#46;8&#177;6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arterial stiffness&#44; mmHg&#47;ml<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;0&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;9&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAC&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;mmHg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;7&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;7&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic measurements</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&#46;0&#177;4&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;0&#177;3&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV index&#44; mm&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;9&#177;2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#46;2&#177;2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV z-score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;4&#177;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">-0&#46;6&#177;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">STJ diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;7&#177;4&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;8&#177;3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&#46;8&#177;4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#46;1&#177;3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo index&#44; mm&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;9&#177;2&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#46;0&#177;2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAoZ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;2&#177;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">-0&#46;7&#177;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LV study</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass index&#44; g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#46;8&#177;20&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&#46;9&#177;15&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass&#47;volume ratio&#44; g&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;5&#177;0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEDV index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#46;2&#177;12&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;1&#177;10&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVESV index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#46;9&#177;6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#46;9&#177;6&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV stroke volume index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&#46;4&#177;8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&#46;8&#177;7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEF&#44; &#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64&#46;1&#177;7&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64&#46;5&#177;6&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">E&#47;E&#8217; ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;5&#177;1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;4&#177;0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic elastic properties</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic strain&#44; &#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;0-61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#46;2 &#40;0&#46;0-45&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic distensibility&#44; KPa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#215;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;0-14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;0-12&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic stiffness index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;8-23&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;9-14&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1823940.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tbl1fn1"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">calculated in 110 patients&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> measured in 121 patients&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; or median &#40;range&#41;&#46; Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage&#46; Aortic diameters are measured in mm&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AAo&#58; ascending aorta&#59; AAoZ&#58; ascending aorta z-score&#59; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#59; LVEDV&#58; left ventricular end-diastolic volume&#59; LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; LVESV&#58; left ventricular end-systolic volume&#59; SAC&#58; systemic arterial compliance&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#59; SoV&#58; sinus of Valsalva&#59; STJ&#58; sinotubular junction&#59; TOF&#58; tetralogy of Fallot&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AAo z-score &#8804;&#43;2 &#40;n&#61;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AAo z-score &#62;&#43;2 &#40;n&#61;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;9&#177;8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&#46;9&#177;11&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male gender&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;48&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;65&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Body surface area&#44; m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;68&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;82&#177;0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Right aortic arch&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;31&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Transannular patch&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47 &#40;51&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;24&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Previous palliative shunt&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;50&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;31&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age at repair&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2-39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;2-49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt-to-repair time&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;1-22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;1-11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Follow-up since repair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&#177;5&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;6&#177;10&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic regurgitation grade III-IV&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Systemic hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systemic arterial hemodynamics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117&#46;0&#177;12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119&#46;6&#177;11&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#46;9&#177;8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;6&#177;10&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pulse pressure&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#46;1&#177;8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#46;7&#177;8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arterial stiffness&#44; mmHg&#47;ml<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;1-3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;9-2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAC&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;mmHg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;3-1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;4-1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic measurements</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;6&#177;4&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&#46;6&#177;4&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV index&#44; mm&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;6&#177;2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;3&#177;1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SoV z-score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;2&#177;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;2&#177;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">STJ diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;0&#177;3&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&#46;6&#177;5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo diameter&#44; mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#46;8&#177;3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#46;2&#177;3&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo index&#44; mm&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;1&#177;2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;2&#177;1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAoZ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;7&#177;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LV study</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass index&#44; g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#46;9&#177;18&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#46;4&#177;23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass&#47;volume ratio&#44; g&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;6&#177;0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEDV index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#46;0&#177;12&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&#46;7&#177;10&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVESV index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#46;3&#177;6&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;3&#177;6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV stroke volume index&#44; ml&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;9&#177;8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&#46;0&#177;9&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEF&#44; &#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64&#46;3&#177;6&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;2&#177;6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic elastic properties</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic strain&#44; &#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;9 &#40;0&#46;0-40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;0 &#40;0&#46;0-61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic distensibility&#44; KPa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#215;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;0-8&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;0 &#40;0&#46;0-14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aortic stiffness index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;2-23&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;9 &#40;0&#46;8-23&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1823939.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">calculated in 106 patients&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between tetralogy of Fallot patients according to z-score&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AAo&#58; ascending aorta&#59; AAoZ&#58; ascending aorta z-score&#59; Ao&#58; aortic&#59; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#59; LVEDV&#58; left ventricular end-diastolic volume&#59; LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; LVESV&#58; left ventricular end-systolic volume&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; SAC&#58; systemic arterial compliance&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#59; SoV&#58; sinus of Valsalva&#59; STJ&#58; sinotubular junction&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gender &#40;male&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Right aortic arch&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Previous palliative shunt&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Transannular patch&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time to surgical repair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time since repair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAoZ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">STJ effacement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo&#47;SoV ratio &#62;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass&#47;volume ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEDV index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVESV index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV stroke volume index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pulse pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arterial stiffness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao strain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao distensibility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao stiffness index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1823938.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic regression analysis according to sinus of Valsalva dilatation &#40;z-score &#62;&#43;2&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AAo&#58; ascending aorta&#59; AAoZ&#58; ascending aorta z-score&#59; Ao&#58; aortic&#59; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#59; LV&#58; left ventricular&#59; LVEDV&#58; left ventricular end-diastolic volume&#59; LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; LVESV&#58; left ventricular end-systolic volume&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; SAC&#58; systemic arterial compliance&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#59; SoV&#58; sinus of Valsalva&#59; STJ&#58; sinotubular junction&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gender &#40;male&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Right aortic arch&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Previous palliative shunt&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Transannular patch&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time to surgical repair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time since repair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">STJ effacement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AAo&#47;SoV ratio &#62;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV mass&#47;volume ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVEDV index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVESV index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LV stroke volume index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pulse pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arterial stiffness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao strain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao distensibility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ao stiffness index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1823937.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic regression analysis according to ascending aorta dilatation &#40;z-score &#62;&#43;2&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease &#40;new version 2010&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Baumgartner"
                            1 => "P&#46; Bonhoeffer"
                            2 => "N&#46;M&#46; De Groot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehq249"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2915"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2957"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801927"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic regurgitation in tetrad of Fallot and pulmonary atresia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Capelli"
                            1 => "D&#46; Ross"
                            2 => "J&#46; Somerville"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1979"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1983"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7081079"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1525861014003399"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15258610"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Late aortic root dilatation in tetralogy of Fallot may be prevented by early repair in infancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;H&#46; Bhat"
                            1 => "C&#46;J&#46; Smith"
                            2 => "R&#46;E&#46; Hawker"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00246-003-0665-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "654"
                        "paginaFinal" => "659"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15793625"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic root dilatation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot&#58; pathology from the past&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Warnes"
                            1 => "J&#46;S&#46; Child"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1310"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12221044"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intrinsic histological abnormalities of aortic root and ascending aorta in tetralogy of Fallot&#58; evidence of causative mechanism for aortic dilatation and aortopathy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Tan"
                            1 => "P&#46;A&#46; Davlouros"
                            2 => "K&#46;P&#46; McCarthy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537928"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "961"
                        "paginaFinal" => "968"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087793"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Histopathologic changes in ascending aorta and risk factors related to histopathologic conditions and aortic dilatation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "U&#46;K&#46; Chowdhury"
                            1 => "A&#46;K&#46; Mishra"
                            2 => "R&#46; Ray"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.06.011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "135"
                        "paginaInicial" => "69"
                        "paginaFinal" => "77"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179921"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Total arterial compliance estimated by stroke volume-to-aortic pulse pressure ratio in humans"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Chemla"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hebert"
                            2 => "C&#46; Coirault"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Physiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "274"
                        "paginaInicial" => "H500"
                        "paginaFinal" => "H505"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486253"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effective arterial elastance as index of arterial vascular load in humans"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;P&#46; Kelly"
                            1 => "C&#46;T&#46; Ting"
                            2 => "T&#46;M&#46; Yang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "513"
                        "paginaFinal" => "521"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1638719"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "discussion 312-3"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Du Bois"
                            1 => "E&#46;F&#46; Du Bois"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "1916&#46; Nutrition&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "303"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2520314"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1525861016302341"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15258610"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "J&#46; Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Roman"
                            1 => "R&#46;B&#46; Devereux"
                            2 => "R&#46; Kramer-Fox"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "507"
                        "paginaFinal" => "512"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2773795"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0378512211003975"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03785122"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reference values for echocardiographic assessment of the diameter of the aortic root and ascending aorta spanning all age categories"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Campens"
                            1 => "L&#46; Demulier"
                            2 => "K&#46; De Groote"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.06.024"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "914"
                        "paginaFinal" => "920"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25092193"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Distensibility of the ascending aorta&#58; comparison of invasive and non-invasive techniques in healthy men and in men with coronary artery disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Stefanadis"
                            1 => "C&#46; Stratos"
                            2 => "H&#46; Boudoulas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "990"
                        "paginaFinal" => "996"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2282929"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults&#58; an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Lang"
                            1 => "L&#46;P&#46; Badano"
                            2 => "V&#46; Mor-Avi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/ehjci/jev014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "233"
                        "paginaFinal" => "270"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712077"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;F&#46; Nagueh"
                            1 => "C&#46;P&#46; Appleton"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Gillebert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/ejechocard/jep007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Echocardiogr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "193"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270053"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Progressive aortic root dilatation in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Niwa"
                            1 => "S&#46;C&#46; Siu"
                            2 => "G&#46;D&#46; Webb"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1374"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1378"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12221055"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic root dilatation in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot&#58; a multicenter cross-sectional study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46;P&#46; Mongeon"
                            1 => "M&#46;Z&#46; Gurvitz"
                            2 => "C&#46;S&#46; Broberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.129585"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "127"
                        "paginaInicial" => "172"
                        "paginaFinal" => "179"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23224208"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tetralogy of Fallot and aortic root dilation&#58; a long-term outlook"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;D&#46; Nagy"
                            1 => "D&#46;E&#46; Alejo"
                            2 => "M&#46;C&#46; Corretti"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00246-012-0537-8"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "809"
                        "paginaFinal" => "816"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23080541"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic valve replacement after repair of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46;A&#46; Dodds 3rd"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Warnes"
                            2 => "G&#46;K&#46; Danielson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70232-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "736"
                        "paginaFinal" => "741"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9104983"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unnatural history of tetralogy of Fallot&#58; prospective follow-up of 40 years after surgical correction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Cuypers"
                            1 => "M&#46;E&#46; Menting"
                            2 => "E&#46;E&#46; Konings"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009454"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "130"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1944"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1953"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341442"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The clinical recognition of congenital heart disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;K&#46; Perloff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "edicion" => "4<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "paginaInicial" => "P447"
                        "editorial" => "W&#46;B&#46; Saunders"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Philadelphia"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of the aortic root in adult patients with conotruncal anomalies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Dearani"
                            1 => "H&#46;M&#46; Burkhart"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Stulak"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Thorac cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "paginaInicial" => "122"
                        "paginaFinal" => "129"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases&#58; Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology &#40;ESC&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Erbel"
                            1 => "V&#46; Aboyans"
                            2 => "C&#46; Boileau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2873"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2926"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173340"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic root dilation and aortic elastic properties in children after repair of tetralogy of Fallot"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W&#46;Y&#46; Chong"
                            1 => "W&#46;H&#46; Wong"
                            2 => "C&#46;S&#46; Chiu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.141"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "905"
                        "paginaFinal" => "909"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16516599"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root dilatation in adult patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Cruz"
                            1 => "T&#46; Pinho"
                            2 => "A&#46; Lebreiro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "477"
                        "paginaFinal" => "482"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23747053"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic dissection in a patient with a dilated aortic root following tetralogy of Fallot repair"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "V&#46;A&#46; Wijesekera"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46; Kiess"
                            2 => "J&#46; Grewal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.167"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "174"
                        "paginaInicial" => "833"
                        "paginaFinal" => "834"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24794962"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic dissection and rupture in adolescents after tetralogy of Fallot repair"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46;E&#46; Konstantinov"
                            1 => "T&#46;A&#46; Fricke"
                            2 => "Y&#46; d&#8217;Udekem"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.06.045"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "140"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e71"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e73"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674941"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "discussion S86-91"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does the dilated ascending aorta in an adult with congenital heart disease require intervention&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Stulak"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Dearani"
                            2 => "H&#46;M&#46; Burkhart"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.08.052"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "140"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S52"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S57"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092798"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic stiffness&#58; current understanding and future directions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Cavalcante"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Lima"
                            2 => "A&#46; Redheuil"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2010.12.017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1511"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1522"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21453829"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack362045"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors thank all volunteers&#44; including medical students&#44; staff technicians and nurses&#44; who participated in this study&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000007/v3_201808080407/S0870255117302901/v3_201808080407/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "29261"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigos Originais"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003700000007/v3_201808080407/S0870255117302901/v3_201808080407/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117302901?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Partilhar
Informação da revista
Vol. 37. Núm. 7.
Páginas 549-557 (julho 2018)
Partilhar
Partilhar
Baixar PDF
Mais opções do artigo
Visitas
5788
Vol. 37. Núm. 7.
Páginas 549-557 (julho 2018)
Original Article
Open Access
Aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair: A ghost from the past or a problem in the future?
Visitas
5788
Cristina Cruza,
Autor para correspondência
, Teresa Pinhoa, Vânia Ribeiroa, Cláudia Camila Diasb, José Silva Cardosoa, Maria Júlia Maciela
a Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
b Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Conteúdo relacionado
Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:559-6110.1016/j.repc.2018.05.010
Fátima F. Pinto
Este item recebeu

Under a Creative Commons license
Informação do artigo
Resume
Texto Completo
Bibliografia
Baixar PDF
Estatísticas
Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)
Table 1. Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population.
Table 2. Comparison between tetralogy of Fallot patients according to z-score.
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis according to sinus of Valsalva dilatation (z-score >+2).
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis according to ascending aorta dilatation (z-score >+2).
Mostrar maisMostrar menos
Abstract
Introduction and Aims

Intrinsic aortopathy can lead to dilatation late after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. Its extent and prevalence are not known. We aimed to assess aortic dimensions and elasticity and to find predictors of aortic dilatation.

Methods

A total of 126 adults were prospectively included after TOF repair and compared to 63 gender- and age-matched controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess aortic diameters at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta and aortic dilatation was defined as z-score >+2. M-mode parameters of the ascending aorta were used to calculate strain, distensibility and stiffness index.

Results

TOF patients (mean age 30±9 years; 52% male) had a complete repair at a median age of five (2-49) years; mean follow-up time since repair was 23±7 years. The prevalence of aortic dilatation at the sinuses of Valsalva and ascending aorta was 29% and 24%, respectively. Compared to controls, TOF patients had a higher ascending aorta z-score, lower strain (6.4% [0.0-61.5] vs. 15.2% [0.0-45.0], p<0.01) and higher stiffness index (7.3 [0.8-23.6] vs. 3.1 [0.9-14.1], p<0.01). On multivariate analysis male gender was strongly associated with sinuses of Valsalva dilatation (odds ratio 6.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-26.3, p=0.01).

Conclusions

The prevalence of aortic dilatation late after TOF repair is significant, with a larger and stiffer ascending aorta. Male gender appears to influence aortic root dilatation. This aortopathy requires careful follow-up in order to prevent future complications.

Keywords:
Aortic dilatation
Aortic elasticity
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transthoracic echocardiography
Resumo
Introdução e objetivos

Uma possível aortopatia intrínseca poderá condicionar dilatação tardia da aorta na tetralogia de Fallot operada. A sua prevalência e extensão não estão definidas. Pretendemos avaliar as dimensões e a elasticidade da aorta e encontrar preditores da dilatação aórtica.

Métodos

Incluímos prospetivamente 126 adultos operados a tetralogia de Fallot e comparamos com 63 controlos. Avaliamos por ecocardiografia transtorácica os diâmetros dos seios de Valsalva e da aorta ascendente e definimos dilatação aórtica para z-score > +2. Parâmetros modo M da aorta ascendente foram usados para calcular strain, distensibilidade e índice de rigidez.

Resultados

Doentes com tetralogia de Fallot (idade média 30 ± 9 anos; 52% homens) foram operados com uma idade mediana de 5 (2-49) anos; tempo médio de seguimento desde a cirurgia 23 ± 7 anos. A prevalência de dilatação dos seios de Valsalva e da aorta ascendente foi 29% e 24%, respetivamente. Comparado aos controlos, os doentes com tetralogia de Fallot apresentaram maior z-score da aorta ascendente, menor strain (6,4 [0,0-61,5] versus 15,2 [0,0-45,0]%; p < 0,01) e maior índice de rigidez (7,3 [0,8-23,6] versus 3,1 [0,9-14,1]; p < 0,01). Na análise multivariada o sexo masculino associou-se significativamente à dilatação dos seios de Valsalva (odds ratio 6,3, intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,5-26,3; p = 0,01).

Conclusões

Na tetralogia de Fallot operada há uma prevalência significativa de dilatação tardia da aorta, com a aorta ascendente maior e mais rígida. O sexo masculino parece influenciar a dilatação da raiz da aorta. Esta aortopatia requer um seguimento cuidadoso para evitar complicações futuras.

Palavras-chave:
Dilatação aórtica
Elasticidade aórtica
Tetralogia de Fallot
Ecocardiografia transtorácica
List of abbreviations
2D

two‐dimensional

AAo

ascending aorta

AAoZ

ascending aorta z-score

Ad

aortic diastolic diameter

Ao

aortic

AoZ

Ao root z-score

As

aortic systolic diameter

BP

blood pressure

BSA

body surface area

CI

confidence interval

D

distensibility

DBP

diastolic blood pressure

GUCH

grown-up congenital heart

LV

left ventricular

LVEF

left ventricular ejection fraction

OR

odds ratio

PP

pulse pressure

SAC

systemic arterial compliance

SBP

systolic blood pressure

SD

standard deviation

SoV

sinuses of Valsalva

STJ

sinotubular junction

SV

stroke volume

SVI

stroke volume index

TOF

tetralogy of Fallot

TTE

transthoracic echocardiography

Texto Completo
Introduction

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in which survival into adulthood is common. The guidelines recommend regular long-term follow-up in specialized grown-up congenital heart (GUCH) centers.1

Major residual lesions after TOF repair occur at the level of the right ventricular outflow tract, including obstruction or aneurysm, and at the pulmonary valve due to regurgitation or stenosis. In addition, as first described by Capelli et al.,2 there is an increasing awareness that aortic (Ao) dilatation can develop late after TOF repair. Interestingly, Ao dilatation is a fetal feature of TOF that tends to disappear after early surgical repair3 without a palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, thus preventing long-standing volume overload on the overriding aorta. Ao dilatation may be a disorder of the past, not reflecting the current surgical era.4 Nevertheless, for many reasons, including anatomical and technical surgical issues, not all patients will benefit from early repair. Additionally, aortic histological abnormalities present since infancy in TOF, especially in the Ao root and ascending aorta (AAo) vascular wall, can contribute to Ao dilatation.5,6 This intrinsic aortopathy can lead to Ao dilatation late after TOF repair, but its extent and prevalence are not known. We aimed to assess proximal thoracic aorta dimensions and elasticity by transthoracic echocardiography, in TOF patients and normal controls, and to find possible predictors of Ao dilatation.

MethodsStudy populationInclusion criteria

We prospectively included 126 adults (age ≥18 years) with repaired TOF, without pulmonary atresia or absent pulmonary valve, followed at our GUCH center between March 2011 and December 2013, and 63 gender- and age-matched healthy controls.

Exclusion criteria

We excluded 21 patients: three with associated heart disease (one Ao valve stenosis and two Ao mechanical prosthesis), 13 with genetic syndromes (11 Down syndrome and two DiGeorge syndrome), and five due to pregnancy.

Study protocolSystemic arterial hemodynamics

Arterial blood pressure (BP) (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]) was measured twice with a 2-min interval in supine position and averaged, using an automated blood pressure monitor (SureSigns VS2, Philips Medical Systems). We chose to measure BP in the left brachial artery, due to the presence of a previous right Blalock-Taussig shunt in a significant number of cases (49 patients). If there was a palliative left shunt, BP was measured in the right arm (nine cases).

The ratio of stroke volume index (SVI) to pulse pressure (PP) was used as an indirect measure of total systemic arterial compliance (SAC=SVI/PP).7

Arterial stiffness was calculated as 0.9×SBP/stroke volume (SV).8

M-mode, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed immediately after BP measurement using a Vivid E7 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with an M4S sector array transducer (1.5-4.3MHz) and digitally stored. All echocardiographic exams were performed and analyzed by an experienced cardiologist, certified in congenital heart disease echocardiography by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and blinded to patient data.

Aortic assessment

Ao diameters were measured by two-dimensional (2D) TTE at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (SoV) and sinotubular junction (STJ) and at the proximal AAo, 2-3cm above the STJ, in parasternal long-axis view perpendicular to the Ao long axis, using the maximum leading edge-to-leading edge diameter method at end-diastole, and were indexed to body surface area (BSA) according to the DuBois formula.9

The Ao sinus z-score (AoZ) was obtained using the standard nomograms for Ao root size in healthy adults, adapted from Roman et al.10 The AAo z-score (AAoZ) was based on reference values and equations from Campens et al.11 Ao dilatation was defined as a z-score >+2, for both the SoV and AAo.

Elastic properties of the ascending aorta

AAo distensibility (D) was calculated as 2(As-Ad)/[Ad(SBP-DBP)] in KPa-1×103, and M-mode derived stiffness index (β1) was calculated as ln(SBP/DBP)/(As-Ad)/Ad.

As and Ad were obtained using the M-mode inner systolic and diastolic AAo diameters in short-axis view, at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation, with Ad obtained at the peak of the R wave of the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram, while As was measured at maximum anterior AAo wall motion.12

Left ventricular assessment

Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic inner diameters, posterior wall and septal thickness were measured by 2D-TTE in parasternal long-axis view.

LV mass was calculated by the corrected formula of the American Society of Echocardiography. Left venricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using the modified Simpson's rule.13 SV was obtained by subtracting end-systolic volume from end-diastolic volume, using 2D volumetric measurements for the LVEF calculation. LV measurements were indexed to BSA according to the DuBois formula.9 Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler was used to estimate LV filling pressure by calculating the E/lateral e’ ratio.14 Septal e’ was not used because in TOF, following patch closure of the ventricular septal defect, septal e’ is underestimated and is therefore not helpful in determining diastolic function.

Ethics

The study protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the local institutional ethics committee and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Statistical analysis

The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A two-tailed p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as median (range), according to the normality of the variable's distribution. Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage. The normality of the data was determined with histograms and using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk test, as appropriate. A paired Student's t test or a Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, was performed to compare continuous variables between patients and controls. Intra- and interobserver variability were assessed in 18 randomly selected cases. Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine bias (mean of the difference) with 95% limits of agreement. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze possible associations between the AAo z-score and a number of continuous variables. Variables associated with Ao dilatation (SoV and AAo z-score >+2) were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. A total of 126 TOF patients were included (mean age 30±9 years; 52% male), with a mean follow-up since TOF repair of 23±7 years. Most were asymptomatic (91%). A right Ao arch was present in 29 patients. A previous systemic-to-pulmonary shunt had been performed in 58 cases, with a median interval of three (1-22) years. The shunt-to-repair time was ≥5 and ≥10 years in 12 and two patients, respectively. Surgical repair was performed in adulthood (age ≥18 years) in 12 patients. A transannular patch was used for repair in 57 patients. No differences were found between TOF patients and controls regarding pulse pressure, LV mass index or LV stroke volume index. AAo diameter could be measured in 121 patients; it was larger in TOF patients (33.8±4.8 vs. 26.1±3.1mm, p<0.01), and the STJ was effaced in 53 cases. AAo was larger than SoV in 40% (48/121) of TOF patients. Compared to controls, TOF patients had higher AoZ and AAoZ, lower AAo strain (6.4% [0.0-61.5] vs. 15.2% [0.0-45.0], p<0.01) and higher AAo stiffness index (7.3 [0.8-23.6] vs. 3.1 [0.9-14.1], p<0.01). Comparison between TOF patients according to AAo z-score is shown in Table 2. The prevalence of Ao dilatation at the SoV and AAo (AoZ and AAoZ >+2) was 29% and 24%, respectively, with a maximum absolute SoV ≥45mm in five cases and AAo ≥45mm in four cases. As expected, patients with AAo dilatation (AAo z-score >+2) had a significantly higher BSA, but they had larger LV mass and volumes even after indexing for BSA. Importantly, patients with AAo dilatation had undergone later TOF repair, with a similar median palliative shunt-to-repair time. Patients without AAo dilatation had undergone early repair but the proportion receiving a transannular patch for surgical repair was significantly higher.

Table 1.

Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population.

  TOF (n=126)  Controls (n=63) 
Age, years  30.2±9.2  31.4±10.1  0.42 
Male gender, n (%)  66 (52.4)  33 (52.4)  1.00 
Body surface area, m2  1.7±0.2  1.7±0.2  0.22 
Systemic arterial hemodynamics
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg  117.5±11.8  115.8±10.1  0.36 
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg  70.7±8.8  70.0±8.7  0.65 
Pulse pressure, mmHg  46.8±8.0  45.8±6.3  0.38 
Arterial stiffness, mmHg/mla  2.0±0.6  1.9±0.5  0.33 
SAC, ml/m2/mmHga  0.7±0.2  0.7±0.2  0.73 
Aortic measurements
SoV diameter, mm  34.0±4.7  28.0±3.2  <0.01 
SoV index, mm/m2  19.9±2.3  16.2±2.1  <0.01 
SoV z-score  1.4±1.2  -0.6±1.2  <0.01 
STJ diameter, mm  30.7±4.2  23.8±3.1  <0.01 
AAo diameter, mm  33.8±4.8  26.1±3.1  <0.01 
AAo index, mm/m2  19.9±2.6  15.0±2.1  <0.01 
AAoZ  1.2±1.1  -0.7±0.7  <0.01 
LV study
LV mass index, g/m2  79.8±20.7  78.9±15.2  0.74 
LV mass/volume ratio, g/ml  1.6±0.5  1.5±0.4  0.14 
LVEDV index, ml/m2  51.2±12.3  54.1±10.7  0.12 
LVESV index, ml/m2a  18.9±6.3  18.9±6.2  0.99 
LV stroke volume index, ml/m2a  33.4±8.6  33.8±7.8  0.79 
LVEF, %a  64.1±7.0  64.5±6.4  0.71 
E/E’ ratio  5.5±1.9  4.4±0.9  <0.01 
Aortic elastic properties
Aortic strain, %a  6.4 (0.0-61.5)  15.2 (0.0-45.0)  <0.01 
Aortic distensibility, KPa-1×103a  1.3 (0.0-14.0)  3.4 (0.0-12.5)  <0.01 
Aortic stiffness indexa  7.3 (0.8-23.6)  3.1 (0.9-14.1)  <0.01 

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (range). Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage. Aortic diameters are measured in mm.

AAo: ascending aorta; AAoZ: ascending aorta z-score; LV: left ventricular; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; SAC: systemic arterial compliance; SoV: sinus of Valsalva; STJ: sinotubular junction; TOF: tetralogy of Fallot.

a

calculated in 110 patients.

b measured in 121 patients.

Table 2.

Comparison between tetralogy of Fallot patients according to z-score.

  AAo z-score ≤+2 (n=92)  AAo z-score >+2 (n=29) 
Age, years  28.9±8.0  34.9±11.7  0.01 
Male gender, n (%)  45 (48.9)  19 (65.5)  0.12 
Body surface area, m2  1.68±0.2  1.82±0.2  <0.01 
Right aortic arch, n (%)  20 (21.7)  9 (31.0)  0.31 
Transannular patch, n (%)  47 (51.1)  7 (24.1)  0.02 
Previous palliative shunt, n (%)  46 (50.0)  9 (31.0)  0.07 
Age at repair, years  5 (2-39)  7 (2-49)  0.03 
Shunt-to-repair time  3 (1-22)  3 (1-11)  NS 
Follow-up since repair  23.3±5.4  23.6±10.0  0.87 
Aortic regurgitation grade III-IV, n (%)  0 (0.0)  2 (6.9)  0.06 
Systemic hypertension, n (%)  5 (5.4)  3 (10.3)  0.40 
Systemic arterial hemodynamics
SBP, mmHg  117.0±12.0  119.6±11.3  0.32 
DBP, mmHg  69.9±8.6  72.6±10.0  0.16 
Pulse pressure, mmHg  47.1±8.0  46.7±8.1  0.82 
Arterial stiffness, mmHg/mla  2.0 (1.1-3.5)  1.7 (0.9-2.8)  NS 
SAC, ml/m2/mmHga  0.7 (0.3-1.4)  0.7 (0.4-1.5)  NS 
Aortic measurements
SoV diameter, mm  32.6±4.0  38.6±4.1  <0.01 
SoV index, mm/m2  19.6±2.4  21.3±1.6  <0.01 
SoV z-score  1.2±1.2  2.2±0.7  <0.01 
STJ diameter, mm  30.0±3.7  34.6±5.2  <0.01 
AAo diameter, mm  31.8±3.0  40.2±3.3  <0.01 
AAo index, mm/m2  19.1±2.4  22.2±1.6  <0.01 
AAoZ  0.7±0.7  2.6±0.6  <0.01 
LV study
LV mass index, g/m2  76.9±18.6  90.4±23.7  <0.01 
LV mass/volume ratio, g/ml  1.6±0.5  1.6±0.4  0.92 
LVEDV index, ml/m2  50.0±12.7  55.7±10.6  0.04 
LVESV index, ml/m2a  18.3±6.1  21.3±6.5  0.04 
LV stroke volume index, ml/m2a  32.9±8.3  35.0±9.6  0.29 
LVEF, %a  64.3±6.9  62.2±6.5  0.18 
Aortic elastic properties
Aortic strain, %a  6.9 (0.0-40.0)  5.0 (0.0-61.5)  NS 
Aortic distensibility, KPa-1×103a  1.4 (0.0-8.9)  1.0 (0.0-14.0)  NS 
Aortic stiffness indexa  7.2 (1.2-23.2)  9.9 (0.8-23.6)  NS 

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (range). Categorical variables are summarized as frequency and percentage. Aortic diameters are measured in mm.

AAo: ascending aorta; AAoZ: ascending aorta z-score; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LV: left ventricular; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; SAC: systemic arterial compliance; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SoV: sinus of Valsalva; STJ: sinotubular junction; TOF: tetralogy of Fallot.

a

calculated in 106 patients.

There was a significant, albeit modest, positive correlation between AAoZ and SAC (Pearson's correlation [r]=0.24, p=0.01) and a negative correlation with arterial stiffness (r=-0.27, p=0.008), but not with AAo strain or stiffness index. There was also a modest but significant correlation between AAoZ and LV mass index (r=0.29, p=0.001) and SVI (r=0.28, p=0.004) (Figure 1). On multivariate analysis (Tables 3 and 4), male gender was strongly associated with SoV dilatation (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-26.3, p=0.01), but not with AAo dilatation. Instead, AAo/SoV ratio >1 showed the strongest link with AAo dilatation (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.3-20.9, P=0.02).

Figure 1.

Correlation between ascending aorta z-score and left ventricular stroke volume index in tetralogy of Fallot patients (Pearson's correlation=0.28, p=0.004).

(0.09MB).
Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis according to sinus of Valsalva dilatation (z-score >+2).

  Univariate analysis  Multivariate analysis     
  OR  OR 
Age  1.03  0.18  0.98  0.57 
Gender (male)  2.07  0.07  6.27  0.01 
Right aortic arch  0.56  0.25     
Previous palliative shunt  0.53  0.12  0.71  0.62 
Transannular patch  0.49  0.08  0.36  0.13 
Time to surgical repair  1.02  0.43     
Time since repair  1.00  0.91     
AAoZ  3.38  <0.01     
STJ effacement  1.14  0.75     
AAo/SoV ratio >1  0.51  0.12  0.16  0.01 
LV mass index  1.03  0.01  1.05  0.01 
LV mass/volume ratio  1.08  0.86     
LVEDV index  1.05  <0.01     
LVESV index  1.06  0.08     
LV stroke volume index  1.07  0.01  1.17  0.07 
LVEF  1.00  0.94     
SBP  1.01  0.54     
DBP  1.03  0.22  1.04  0.30 
Pulse pressure  1.00  0.58     
Arterial stiffness  0.36  0.02  4.08  0.34 
SAC  9.62  0.02  0.55  0.83 
Ao strain  1.00  0.66     
Ao distensibility  0.00  0.63     
Ao stiffness index  1.04  0.32     

AAo: ascending aorta; AAoZ: ascending aorta z-score; Ao: aortic; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LV: left ventricular; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; OR: odds ratio; SAC: systemic arterial compliance; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SoV: sinus of Valsalva; STJ: sinotubular junction.

Table 4.

Logistic regression analysis according to ascending aorta dilatation (z-score >+2).

  Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis
  OR  OR 
Age  1.07  <0.01  1.00  0.98 
Gender (male)  1.98  0.12  0.75  0.66 
Right aortic arch  1.62  0.31     
Previous palliative shunt  0.45  0.08  1.02  0.98 
Transannular patch  0.33  0.02  0.19  0.03 
Time to surgical repair  1.06  0.03  1.03  0.53 
Time since repair  1.01  0.82     
STJ effacement  3.24  <0.01  4.67  0.03 
AAo/SoV ratio >1  4.13  <0.01  5.28  0.02 
LV mass index  1.03  <0.01  1.03  0.14 
LV mass/volume ratio  1.05  0.92     
LVEDV index  1.04  0.04  0.99  0.83 
LVESV index  1.08  0.05  1.02  0.76 
LV stroke volume index  1.03  0.28     
SBP  1.02  0.31     
DBP  1.04  0.16  1.10  0.03 
Pulse pressure  0.99  0.82     
Arterial stiffness  0.54  0.16  0.89  0.91 
SAC  4.56  0.12  5.92  0.46 
Ao strain  1.00  0.90     
Ao distensibility  7.65  0.82     
Ao stiffness index  1.02  0.56     

AAo: ascending aorta; AAoZ: ascending aorta z-score; Ao: aortic; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LV: left ventricular; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; OR: odds ratio; SAC: systemic arterial compliance; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SoV: sinus of Valsalva; STJ: sinotubular junction.

Intra- and interobserver variability

A sample of 15 randomly chosen cases were reanalyzed. Intraobserver variability was 0.93mm (95% CI 0.22 to 1.64) (Figure 2a) for the SoV diameter and 1.53mm (95% CI -0.68 to 3.74) (Figure 2b) for AAo diameter. Interobserver variability was -1.40mm (95% CI -2.46 to -0.34) (Figure 2c) for the SoV and -1.27mm (95% CI -4.19 to 1.65) for Aao diameters, respectively (Figure 2d).

SoV diameter measurements (in mm). Estimated bias: 0.93% (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 1.64); (b) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias 1.53% (95% confidence interval -0.68 to 3.74); (c) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in SoV diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.40mm (95% confidence interval -2.46 to -0.34); (d) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.27% (95% confidence interval -4.19 to 1.65mm). AAo: ascending aorta; SD: standard deviation; SoV: sinuses of Valsalva.'> (a) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in <span class=SoV diameter measurements (in mm). Estimated bias: 0.93% (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 1.64); (b) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias 1.53% (95% confidence interval -0.68 to 3.74); (c) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in SoV diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.40mm (95% confidence interval -2.46 to -0.34); (d) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.27% (95% confidence interval -4.19 to 1.65mm). AAo: ascending aorta; SD: standard deviation; SoV: sinuses of Valsalva.' title='(a) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in SoV diameter measurements (in mm). Estimated bias: 0.93% (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 1.64); (b) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias 1.53% (95% confidence interval -0.68 to 3.74); (c) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in SoV diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.40mm (95% confidence interval -2.46 to -0.34); (d) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.27% (95% confidence interval -4.19 to 1.65mm). AAo: ascending aorta; SD: standard deviation; SoV: sinuses of Valsalva.'/>
Figure 2.

(a) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in SoV diameter measurements (in mm). Estimated bias: 0.93% (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 1.64); (b) Bland-Altman plot of intraobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias 1.53% (95% confidence interval -0.68 to 3.74); (c) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in SoV diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.40mm (95% confidence interval -2.46 to -0.34); (d) Bland-Altman plot of interobserver variability in AAo diameter (in mm). Estimated bias -1.27% (95% confidence interval -4.19 to 1.65mm). AAo: ascending aorta; SD: standard deviation; SoV: sinuses of Valsalva.

(0.36MB).
Discussion

Ao dilatation can occur in adults after TOF repair but its prevalence varies according to the study population, the Ao segment analyzed and the cut-off value used for definition. Niwa et al. reported 15% Ao root dilatation using an observed-to-expected cut-off >1.5 at the STJ.15 A multicenter cross-sectional study found a prevalence of 7% using an observed-to-expected ratio >1.5 at the SoV,16 while Nagy et al. found a prevalence of 51% using an SoV z-score >+2.17 In contrast to previous studies, we decided to exclude pulmonary atresia and TOF with absent pulmonary valve in order to avoid a population bias, since in both anatomical variants Ao regurgitation and Ao root dilatation are more common after repair. Moreover, pulmonary atresia is frequently associated with a complex pulmonary vascular pattern and variable major aortopulmonary collaterals, with consequent LV volume overload and a higher prevalence of Ao dilatation.18 A single-center study19 also excluded pulmonary atresia and found Ao root dilatation (≥40mm) in 24% of patients, similar to our results. In our study there was no association of right Ao arch and Ao dilatation in TOF, probably due to the exclusion of pulmonary atresia.20 As stated above, this suggests that it is Ao volume overload that predisposes to Ao dilation and not the sidedness of the Ao arch.4

We decided to exclude genetic syndromes, including Down and DiGeorge syndromes, due to their frequent association with developmental delay, especially growth retardation, in order to avoid influencing study results when comparing TOF patients with normal controls (e.g. indexed Ao dimension or Ao z-score). Unfortunately, we cannot exclude the possible existence of partial 22q11 deletion in non-syndromic patients, as genetic testing was not performed systematically in all patients.

Although absolute Ao diameters are used for surgical decisions,21,22 z-scores that adjust Ao dimensions for age and BSA appear to be more accurate for definition and longitudinal follow-up in congenital heart disease. Of note, the fact that Ao dilatation included not only the Ao root but also the AAo highlights the importance of complete Ao assessment late after TOF repair. We found a significant prevalence of Ao dilatation, partially explained by a referral bias to a GUCH center, but this was a real-world adult TOF population, reflecting the patients’ historical medical, surgical and social background. Although this is rare, some patients are only diagnosed in adulthood. In our cohort 10% of patients had undergone surgical repair at age 18 or older. As previously reported, later TOF repair leads to longer Ao volume overload, which has an effect on late Ao dilatation. In our study, patients with AAo dilatation had also undergone later TOF repair, but with a similar median palliative shunt-to-repair time, compared to patients without AAo dilatation. More advanced age at surgical shunt or repair was found mostly in our historical older patients, with late referral for both medical and surgical care, which is not seen in contemporary TOF patient populations. In addition, only a small number of patients with AAo dilatation had a palliative shunt prior to repair, and this could have influenced the statistical analysis.

Similarly to Chong et al.,23 who used M-mode strain in a pediatric population, we found abnormal AAo elasticity in adults. Reduced AAo strain in TOF patients could be an expression of abnormal AAo elasticity, a consequence of histological changes, and not simply a reflection of Ao dilatation, which would explain the absence of a significant correlation with AAoZ. We found no correlation between M-mode AAo strain and SAC or arterial stiffness. This lack of association may be explained by the patients’ young age (<30 years in 54%), and by the fact that M-mode AAo strain is a local elastic measurement, and may not reflect overall systemic arterial elasticity. Applanation tonometry, as the gold standard method for assessing arterial stiffness, could help clarify whether aortopathy in TOF has a real impact on systemic arterial stiffness. Nevertheless, in TOF patients with AAo dilatation we found increased LV mass and volumes and a small correlation between AAoZ and LV mass index. It could be speculated that Ao dilatation with reduced Ao strain could increase afterload and influence LV remodeling. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

Male gender appears to be the most consistent predisposing factor for Ao dilatation. As in previous studies,15,16,24 male gender had a strong association with SoV dilatation. Even though predictors of Ao dilatation found in the literature, such as prior palliative shunt, late TOF repair and longer shunt-to-surgical repair time,3,15 suggest that long-standing Ao volume overload prior to repair can lead to dilatation, in our study shunt-to-repair time and age at surgery were not predictors of Ao dilatation. This discrepancy could be partly attributed to the exclusion of pulmonary atresia, the sample size and the advanced age at repair of a significant number of patients, with and without Ao dilatation. We should emphasize that, apart from the Ao volume overload trigger, other underlying etiologies such as intrinsic histological and elastic changes may contribute to abnormal Ao deformation.

Ao dissection late after TOF repair has been reported, the longest interval being 46 years,25 and in one case dissection was diagnosed at the age of 18 years, even though TOF repair had been performed in infancy at the age of two months.26 Additionally, some patients need Ao root replacement during follow-up, most due to Ao regurgitation.27 In our center, since the beginning of the study in 2011 to date two patients have been scheduled for a Bentall operation in addition to pulmonary valve replacement (unpublished data). These findings highlight the need for careful long-term follow-up in order to prevent Ao complications in the future. It remains to be seen whether early TOF repair in infancy will prevent late Ao dilatation.

Study limitations

The first limitation relates to the sample size and selection of patients referred to a single tertiary care center, which may have led to selection bias. However, the healthy control group was age- and gender-matched.

Secondly, TTE can be challenging in GUCH patients, due to a poor acoustic window. Nevertheless, SoV and AAo could be assessed in the vast majority of patients, but SV or LVEF using Simpson's rule was assessed in 110 cases. A multimodality imaging approach could perhaps increase the accuracy of LV volumetric variables. Echocardiographic data were assessed offline and the reviewer only had access to short-axis views of the AAo for M-mode and 2D reanalysis, but we cannot exclude the possibility that the reviewer was able to identify cases of TOF.

Thirdly, we used brachial artery BP instead of central Ao pressure, and since this could have overestimated DBP, the assessment of Ao distensibility may also have been overestimated. However, the distensibility of the AAo measured by non-invasive methods is close to that obtained by direct measurements.12 Also, PP amplification, especially in young individuals, may have led to overestimation of Ao stiffness when using brachial PP,28 but this applies to the entire cohort and did not change the results when comparing TOF patients to controls.

Longitudinal imaging studies of the thoracic aorta in a larger population late after TOF repair are needed to find predictors that could be used to screen for and prevent adverse Ao outcomes, including dissection.

Conclusions

Tetralogy of Fallot patients have a significant prevalence of Ao dilatation late after repair, with a larger and stiffer ascending aorta. This aortopathy requires careful follow-up in order to prevent future complications.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank all volunteers, including medical students, staff technicians and nurses, who participated in this study.

References
[1]
H. Baumgartner, P. Bonhoeffer, N.M. De Groot, et al.
ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010).
Eur Heart J., 31 (2010), pp. 2915-2957
[2]
H. Capelli, D. Ross, J. Somerville.
Aortic regurgitation in tetrad of Fallot and pulmonary atresia.
Am J Cardiol., 49 (1982), pp. 1979-1983
[3]
A.H. Bhat, C.J. Smith, R.E. Hawker.
Late aortic root dilatation in tetralogy of Fallot may be prevented by early repair in infancy.
Pediatr Cardiol., 25 (2004), pp. 654-659
[4]
C.A. Warnes, J.S. Child.
Aortic root dilatation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: pathology from the past?.
Circulation., 106 (2002), pp. 1310-1311
[5]
J.L. Tan, P.A. Davlouros, K.P. McCarthy, et al.
Intrinsic histological abnormalities of aortic root and ascending aorta in tetralogy of Fallot: evidence of causative mechanism for aortic dilatation and aortopathy.
Circulation., 112 (2005), pp. 961-968
[6]
U.K. Chowdhury, A.K. Mishra, R. Ray, et al.
Histopathologic changes in ascending aorta and risk factors related to histopathologic conditions and aortic dilatation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 135 (2008), pp. 69-77
[7]
D. Chemla, J.L. Hebert, C. Coirault, et al.
Total arterial compliance estimated by stroke volume-to-aortic pulse pressure ratio in humans.
Am J Physiol., 274 (1998), pp. H500-H505
[8]
R.P. Kelly, C.T. Ting, T.M. Yang, et al.
Effective arterial elastance as index of arterial vascular load in humans.
Circulation., 86 (1992), pp. 513-521
[9]
D. Du Bois, E.F. Du Bois.
A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known.
1916. Nutrition., 5 (1989), pp. 303-311
discussion 312-3
[10]
M.J. Roman, R.B. Devereux, R. Kramer-Fox, et al.
J. Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults.
Am J Cardiol, 64 (1989), pp. 507-512
[11]
L. Campens, L. Demulier, K. De Groote, et al.
Reference values for echocardiographic assessment of the diameter of the aortic root and ascending aorta spanning all age categories.
Am J Cardiol., 114 (2014), pp. 914-920
[12]
C. Stefanadis, C. Stratos, H. Boudoulas, et al.
Distensibility of the ascending aorta: comparison of invasive and non-invasive techniques in healthy men and in men with coronary artery disease.
Eur Heart J., 11 (1990), pp. 990-996
[13]
R.M. Lang, L.P. Badano, V. Mor-Avi, et al.
Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging., 16 (2015), pp. 233-270
[14]
S.F. Nagueh, C.P. Appleton, T.C. Gillebert, et al.
Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography.
Eur J Echocardiogr., 10 (2009), pp. 165-193
[15]
K. Niwa, S.C. Siu, G.D. Webb, et al.
Progressive aortic root dilatation in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Circulation., 106 (2002), pp. 1374-1378
[16]
F.P. Mongeon, M.Z. Gurvitz, C.S. Broberg, et al.
Aortic root dilatation in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a multicenter cross-sectional study.
Circulation., 127 (2013), pp. 172-179
[17]
C.D. Nagy, D.E. Alejo, M.C. Corretti, et al.
Tetralogy of Fallot and aortic root dilation: a long-term outlook.
Pediatr Cardiol., 34 (2013), pp. 809-816
[18]
G.A. Dodds 3rd, C.A. Warnes, G.K. Danielson.
Aortic valve replacement after repair of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 113 (1997), pp. 736-741
[19]
J.A. Cuypers, M.E. Menting, E.E. Konings, et al.
Unnatural history of tetralogy of Fallot: prospective follow-up of 40 years after surgical correction.
Circulation., 130 (2014), pp. 1944-1953
[20]
J.K. Perloff.
The clinical recognition of congenital heart disease.
4th ed., W.B. Saunders, (1994), pp. P447
[21]
J.A. Dearani, H.M. Burkhart, J.M. Stulak, et al.
Management of the aortic root in adult patients with conotruncal anomalies.
Semin Thorac cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu., (2009), pp. 122-129
[22]
R. Erbel, V. Aboyans, C. Boileau, et al.
2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Eur Heart J., 35 (2014), pp. 2873-2926
[23]
W.Y. Chong, W.H. Wong, C.S. Chiu, et al.
Aortic root dilation and aortic elastic properties in children after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Am J Cardiol., 97 (2006), pp. 905-909
[24]
C. Cruz, T. Pinho, A. Lebreiro, et al.
Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root dilatation in adult patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair.
Rev Port Cardiol., 32 (2013), pp. 477-482
[25]
V.A. Wijesekera, M.C. Kiess, J. Grewal, et al.
Aortic dissection in a patient with a dilated aortic root following tetralogy of Fallot repair.
Int J Cardiol., 174 (2014), pp. 833-834
[26]
I.E. Konstantinov, T.A. Fricke, Y. d’Udekem, et al.
Aortic dissection and rupture in adolescents after tetralogy of Fallot repair.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 140 (2010), pp. e71-e73
[27]
J.M. Stulak, J.A. Dearani, H.M. Burkhart, et al.
Does the dilated ascending aorta in an adult with congenital heart disease require intervention?.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 140 (2010), pp. S52-S57
discussion S86-91
[28]
J.L. Cavalcante, J.A. Lima, A. Redheuil, et al.
Aortic stiffness: current understanding and future directions.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 57 (2011), pp. 1511-1522
Copyright © 2018. Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Baixar PDF
Idiomas
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Opções de artigo
Ferramentas
en pt

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Ao assinalar que é «Profissional de Saúde», declara conhecer e aceitar que a responsável pelo tratamento dos dados pessoais dos utilizadores da página de internet da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (RPC), é esta entidade, com sede no Campo Grande, n.º 28, 13.º, 1700-093 Lisboa, com os telefones 217 970 685 e 217 817 630, fax 217 931 095 e com o endereço de correio eletrónico revista@spc.pt. Declaro para todos os fins, que assumo inteira responsabilidade pela veracidade e exatidão da afirmação aqui fornecida.