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Exposome and cardiometabolic health: Temperature change and humidity are part of the puzzle
Expossoma e a saúde cardiometabólica: mudanças de temperatura e de humidade são partes do quebra-cabeça
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Santos, João Silveira, Severo Torres, André Luz" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Susete" "apellidos" => "Vieira" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariana" "apellidos" => "Santos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rui" "apellidos" => "Magalhães" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "Oliveira" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ricardo" "apellidos" => "Costa" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Bruno" "apellidos" => "Brochado" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Raquel B." "apellidos" => "Santos" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Silveira" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Severo" "apellidos" => "Torres" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "André" "apellidos" => "Luz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025512100456X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000004100000001/v1_202202030626/S087025512100456X/v1_202202030626/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>" "titulo" => "Exposome and cardiometabolic health: Temperature change and humidity are part of the puzzle" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "59" "paginaFinal" => "60" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Claudio Tinoco Mesquita, Fernanda Azevedo-Silva" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Claudio" "apellidos" => "Tinoco Mesquita" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "claudiotinocomesquita@id.uff.br" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Fernanda" "apellidos" => "Azevedo-Silva" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, EBSERH-UFF, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Expossoma e a saúde cardiometabólica: mudanças de temperatura e de humidade são partes do quebra-cabeça" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change.”</p></span></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stephen Hawking<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The global average temperature rose by approximately 0.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C over the last century, and global warming will continue because of deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Consequently, temperature variability and extreme heat events have become more frequent in many parts of the world creating adverse and unpredictable consequences.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Epidemiological studies have suggested that high and also low temperatures may cause an in increase in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this issue of the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology, Vieira et al. expand our knowledge about the relation between atmospheric features and risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the city of Porto, Portugal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The authors reported on the relationship between atmospheric conditions such as temperature, relative humidity (RH), precipitation, and atmospheric pressure and the occurrence of STEMI in 1004 consecutive patients. The study showed that a decrease in temperature or an increase in RH were independent predictors of STEMI. Interestingly, Porto's climate is classified as a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which is characterized by an absence of extreme temperatures, a cold and rainy winter and fall, and a mildly hot summer and spring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors must be congratulated because the study of the consequences of life-time environmental exposure is very important in these rapidly changing times. To understand complex diseases such as cancer or coronary artery disease, the exposome concept was introduced. The exposome integrates the effects of external environmental risk factors (e.g., air pollution and noise), lifestyle exposure (e.g., smoking and diet) and environmental factors on the whole (e.g., socioeconomic status, violence and climate).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Two-thirds of the European population already live in urban areas and the exposure to noise, air pollution, temperature, humidity, and outdoor light can contribute adversely to their exposome, increasing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The consequences of rapid changes in atmospheric conditions may also be very important. Rowland et al. recently stated that ultra-short-term changes in ambient temperature can trigger myocardial infarction (MI). These authors found that temperature in the six hours preceding a MI was positively associated with the risk of MI,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> something that was not encountered in the Porto study.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One aspect that Vieira et al. did not assess was the effect of air pollution on the incidence of STEMI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Gadikou et al. demonstrated that annually 3.3 million cardiovascular deaths are attributable to air pollution: 2.1 million of which are due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 1.1 million due to stroke,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> corresponding to 19% of all cardiovascular deaths. Recently, Kuzma et al. demonstrated that the effects of air pollution and weather conditions on the number of ACS hospitalizations are also observed in cities with moderately polluted or good air quality like the city of Porto.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> As the authors pointed out, RH may be a key factor in an increase in air pollutants such as PM2.5 and the climatic conditions may strength the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In five years, the number of people exposed to PM2.5 levels exceeding 10 μg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> (annual average), which is the maximum tolerated limit established by the World Health Organization, has increased almost 20%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> This scenario is disturbing.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The consequences of climate change and increased pollution are not only a challenge to cardiovascular health and affect our exposome adversely, but they also pose a severe threat to life on our planet. Measures to mitigate and reverse this scenario must be considered. Cardiologists must have an active voice in contributing to urban planning, transport interventions, and to the use of technology to manage external environmental exposure to promote heart healthy cities. Stephen Hawking said that intelligence is the ability to adapt to change. We must adapt to these new threats to cardiovascular health.</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Claudio Tinoco Mesquita receives research grants from: CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FAPERJ (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro).</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. 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| 2023 Fevereiro | 36 | 32 | 68 |
| 2023 Janeiro | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2022 Dezembro | 40 | 25 | 65 |
| 2022 Novembro | 49 | 37 | 86 |
| 2022 Outubro | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2022 Setembro | 32 | 46 | 78 |
| 2022 Agosto | 28 | 28 | 56 |
| 2022 Julho | 28 | 52 | 80 |
| 2022 Junho | 34 | 36 | 70 |
| 2022 Maio | 23 | 28 | 51 |
| 2022 Abril | 174 | 47 | 221 |
| 2022 Maro | 38 | 43 | 81 |
| 2022 Fevereiro | 73 | 70 | 143 |
| 2022 Janeiro | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2021 Dezembro | 10 | 15 | 25 |
Mostrar tudo
