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in our paper&#44; which is of particular importance&#46; In our work&#44; we set out to understand the impact of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">any</span> intervention that involves preoperative breathing exercises compared with interventions that do not&#46; It should be remembered that &#8216;Preoperative Exercise&#8217; is a MeSH term defined as &#8220;Various physical exercises implemented before a surgery designed for better treatment outcome&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> while &#8216;Breathing Exercises&#8217; is also a MeSH term&#44; defined as &#8220;Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Their entry terms are&#58; Exercise&#44; Breathing&#59; Respiratory Muscle Training&#59; Muscle Training&#44; Respiratory&#59; and Training&#44; Respiratory Muscle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These concepts have been used by other authors in various studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> Outcomes are also clearly defined as respiratory parameters&#44; length of stay and postoperative pulmonary complications&#46; As a fundamental concept&#44; the authors considered &#8216;respiratory parameters&#8217; to be a self-explanatory key-word&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> as have other authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> However&#44; we agree that not all readers may be familiar with the terms&#44; so we take this opportunity to clarify&#58; the Cambridge Dictionary defines &#8216;parameter&#8217; as &#8220;a set of facts or a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Classic respiratory parameters&#44; according to Vallverd&#250; et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> are vital capacity&#44; maximal inspiratory pressure and expired volume per minute&#46;&#8216;Length of stay&#8217; is a MeSH term defined as &#8220;The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and &#8216;postoperative pulmonary complications&#8217; is a free-text term derived from &#8216;Postoperative Complications&#8217;&#44; a MeSH term defined as &#8220;Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure&#46; They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done&#44; and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The phrases &#8216;respiratory performance&#8217; and &#8216;mobilization scheme&#8217; are used in the Results and Discussion sections&#44; linked to studies that are well referenced&#46; We strongly recommend that anyone with a question related to the operationalization of these concepts should read the respective article&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to state that the questions posed at the end of the discussion&#44; highlighted by the authors&#44; were intended to promote reflection among researchers who may have an interest in this field&#46; The results can only be understood by looking at the entire text&#44; tables and figures&#46; A piecemeal reading leads to an interpretation with a high risk of bias&#46; Our conclusion is clear&#58; &#8220;A preoperative breathing intervention on patients undergoing cardiac surgery may help improve respiratory performance after surgery&#44; reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay&#46; However&#44; more trials are needed to support and strengthen the evidence&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We agree with the authors that breathing exercises include a wide range of interventions&#46; In our article&#44; we did not focus on a specific intervention&#44; but we accept that future research on such interventions is important&#46; In fact&#44; we mentioned this in our conclusions and&#44; on this point&#44; we totally agree with the authors and with the studies they cite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Response to the letter from Rodrigues M and Vaz IM regarding the article “Effectiveness of a preoperative breathing exercise intervention in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review”
Resposta à Carta ao Editor sobre o artigo «Eficácia de uma intervenção baseada em exercícios respiratórios em pessoas a aguardar cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática da literatura»
Soraia Nicola Rodriguesa,b,c,
Autor para correspondência
soraia.nicola@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Helga Rafael Henriquesb, Maria Adriana Henriquesb,d
a Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
b Lisbon Nursing School, Lisbon, Portugal
c Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Oporto, Portugal
d ISAMB, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Drs&#46; Rodrigues and Vaz for their interest in our paper recently published in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in which we determined whether patients waiting for cardiac surgery who undergo preoperative breathing exercises have better postoperative outcomes&#44; such as respiratory parameters&#44; postoperative pulmonary complications&#44; and length of hospital stay&#46; However&#44; we respectfully disagree with their arguments&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We do not concur with the authors&#8217; opinion that the terms used for the literature research&#44; as well as some of those used in the text&#44; are vague&#46; As we pointed out in our article&#44; the search strategy to perform the systematic review combined both indexed and free-text terms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our intervention was accurately defined as &#8220;a preoperative breathing exercises intervention&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> We draw particular attention to the use of the indefinite article &#8216;a&#8217; in our paper&#44; which is of particular importance&#46; In our work&#44; we set out to understand the impact of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">any</span> intervention that involves preoperative breathing exercises compared with interventions that do not&#46; It should be remembered that &#8216;Preoperative Exercise&#8217; is a MeSH term defined as &#8220;Various physical exercises implemented before a surgery designed for better treatment outcome&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> while &#8216;Breathing Exercises&#8217; is also a MeSH term&#44; defined as &#8220;Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Their entry terms are&#58; Exercise&#44; Breathing&#59; Respiratory Muscle Training&#59; Muscle Training&#44; Respiratory&#59; and Training&#44; Respiratory Muscle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These concepts have been used by other authors in various studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> Outcomes are also clearly defined as respiratory parameters&#44; length of stay and postoperative pulmonary complications&#46; As a fundamental concept&#44; the authors considered &#8216;respiratory parameters&#8217; to be a self-explanatory key-word&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> as have other authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> However&#44; we agree that not all readers may be familiar with the terms&#44; so we take this opportunity to clarify&#58; the Cambridge Dictionary defines &#8216;parameter&#8217; as &#8220;a set of facts or a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Classic respiratory parameters&#44; according to Vallverd&#250; et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> are vital capacity&#44; maximal inspiratory pressure and expired volume per minute&#46;&#8216;Length of stay&#8217; is a MeSH term defined as &#8220;The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and &#8216;postoperative pulmonary complications&#8217; is a free-text term derived from &#8216;Postoperative Complications&#8217;&#44; a MeSH term defined as &#8220;Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure&#46; They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done&#44; and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The phrases &#8216;respiratory performance&#8217; and &#8216;mobilization scheme&#8217; are used in the Results and Discussion sections&#44; linked to studies that are well referenced&#46; We strongly recommend that anyone with a question related to the operationalization of these concepts should read the respective article&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to state that the questions posed at the end of the discussion&#44; highlighted by the authors&#44; were intended to promote reflection among researchers who may have an interest in this field&#46; The results can only be understood by looking at the entire text&#44; tables and figures&#46; A piecemeal reading leads to an interpretation with a high risk of bias&#46; Our conclusion is clear&#58; &#8220;A preoperative breathing intervention on patients undergoing cardiac surgery may help improve respiratory performance after surgery&#44; reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay&#46; However&#44; more trials are needed to support and strengthen the evidence&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We agree with the authors that breathing exercises include a wide range of interventions&#46; In our article&#44; we did not focus on a specific intervention&#44; but we accept that future research on such interventions is important&#46; In fact&#44; we mentioned this in our conclusions and&#44; on this point&#44; we totally agree with the authors and with the studies they cite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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