Editorial comment
Post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise: Potential mechanisms
Hipotensão pós-esforço em resposta a exercício intervalado de alta intensidade: mecanismos potenciais
Lido
5527
Vezesque se leu este artigo
1449
Total PDF
4078
Total HTML
Compartilhar estatísticas
array:25 [ "pii" => "S0870255121003206" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-10-01" "aid" => "1784" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2021;40:797-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2174204921003135" "issn" => "21742049" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2021.10.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-10-01" "aid" => "1784" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2021;40:797-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>" "titulo" => "Post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise: Potential mechanisms" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "797" "paginaFinal" => "799" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hipotensão pós-esforço em resposta a exercício intervalado de alta intensidade: mecanismos potenciais" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1329 "Ancho" => 2341 "Tamanyo" => 245990 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinants of post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; →: maintenance.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Raphael José Perrier-Melo, Antônio Henrique Germano-Soares, Aline Freitas Brito, Iago Vilela Dantas, Manoel da Cunha Costa" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Raphael José" "apellidos" => "Perrier-Melo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antônio Henrique" "apellidos" => "Germano-Soares" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aline" "apellidos" => "Freitas Brito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Iago" "apellidos" => "Vilela Dantas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manoel" "apellidos" => "da Cunha Costa" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0870255121003206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255121003206?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204921003135?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21742049/0000004000000010/v1_202111300755/S2174204921003135/v1_202111300755/en/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0870255121003231" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.07.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-10-01" "aid" => "1787" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2021;40:801.e1-801.e6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>" "titulo" => "Beware of regression of electrocardiographic abnormalities on detraining – It may not always mean ‘athlete's heart’" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "801.e1" "paginaFinal" => "801.e6" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Regressão das alterações do eletrocardiograma após pausa desportiva – Nem sempre corresponde a um «coração de atleta»" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1256 "Ancho" => 1874 "Tamanyo" => 272333 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiac magnetic resonance before detraining. (A-C) Cine steady state free precession sequences (in diastole) with overlapping echocardiographic findings – similar wall thicknesses, particularly in the LV apical segments. Long-axis horizontal views enable visualization of the apex, with a clearly abnormal cavity morphology, confirming the diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mixed form, with an ‘ace of spades’ configuration; (D-F) delayed enhancement sequences showing absence of myocardial fibrosis. LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "José Pedro Marques, António Freitas, João Abecasis" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Pedro" "apellidos" => "Marques" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Freitas" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Abecasis" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2174204921003147" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2021.10.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204921003147?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255121003231?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000004000000010/v1_202110050607/S0870255121003231/v1_202110050607/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0870255121003218" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2021.02.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-10-01" "aid" => "1785" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2021;40:785-96" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>" "titulo" => "Inflammation and ischemic heart disease: The next therapeutic target?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "785" "paginaFinal" => "796" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inflamação e doença cardíaca isquémica: o próximo alvo terapêutico?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2278 "Ancho" => 2492 "Tamanyo" => 412803 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Both systemic (ranging from traditional cardiovascular risk factors to infection, autoimmune disease, and air pollution) and local factors (such as ischemia and cholesterol accumulation) can lead to activation of different inflammatory pathways. Among these complex phenomena, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has a pivotal role in leading to a proinflammatory cytokine imbalance with activation of various cell types and ensuing progressive inflammatory signaling. Several drugs with potential to modulate different steps of this cascade have been assessed. Among these, colchicine and canakinumab have shown promising results in large cardiovascular outcome trials.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Eduardo M. Vilela, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo M." "apellidos" => "Vilela" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ricardo" "apellidos" => "Fontes-Carvalho" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S217420492100310X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2021.10.010" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217420492100310X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255121003218?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000004000000010/v1_202110050607/S0870255121003218/v1_202110050607/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>" "titulo" => "Post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise: Potential mechanisms" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "797" "paginaFinal" => "799" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Raphael José Perrier-Melo, Antônio Henrique Germano-Soares, Aline Freitas Brito, Iago Vilela Dantas, Manoel da Cunha Costa" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Raphael José" "apellidos" => "Perrier-Melo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "perrierprof@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Antônio Henrique" "apellidos" => "Germano-Soares" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Aline" "apellidos" => "Freitas Brito" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Iago" "apellidos" => "Vilela Dantas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Manoel" "apellidos" => "da Cunha Costa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Physical Education, Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hipotensão pós-esforço em resposta a exercício intervalado de alta intensidade: mecanismos potenciais" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1329 "Ancho" => 2341 "Tamanyo" => 245990 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinants of post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; →: maintenance.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is a phenomenon characterized by a decrease in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure after a single session of physical exercise,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in comparison both to resting values (pre-exercise) and to a control condition (without exercise), with no clinical symptoms (such as syncope).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical relevance of PEH is well established, since the reductions in blood pressure appear to be large and to last for several hours,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–4</span></a> thus representing an acute reduction in cardiovascular risk. Another aspect that has gained prominence is the probable association between acute and chronic blood pressure responses to exercise.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In other words, it has been observed that individuals who experience a greater acute blood pressure reduction also experience greater reductions after a training program.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> As a result, PEH after different types of exercise has been widely analyzed.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The guidelines for blood pressure control generally recommend continuous aerobic exercise,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> since a large body of evidence has demonstrated its hypotensive effects in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,8</span></a> However, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has more recently attracted the attention of researchers and exercise professionals, mainly due to its positive effects in improving maximum oxygen consumption at similar or higher levels compared to those observed after a continuous exercise (CE) program.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the acute effects of HIIE on blood pressure, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that an HIIE session resulted in a greater magnitude of PEH for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure than a CE session.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> This finding is interesting from a clinical and practical standpoint, since it suggests that HIIE may have an important role in blood pressure control and can therefore be viewed as an alternative or complement to the guidelines’ current recommendations.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the clinical relevance of PEH, the physiological mechanisms which may explain this phenomenon are not fully understood. Blood pressure can be expressed as cardiac output (CO) (the product of heart rate [HR] and stroke volume [SV]) times systemic vascular resistance (SVR); hence, reductions in blood pressure can be explained by both central (reductions in CO) and peripheral changes (reductions in SVR). A review by Brito et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> identified studies which observed PEH due to reductions in both CO and SVR, concluding that the characteristics of the exercise protocol may be one factor that can explain such heterogeneity. Most of the studies included in this review used CE, and there is still little discussion of the possible mechanisms underlying the acute reduction in blood pressure after an HIIE session.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus, the purpose of this editorial comment is to describe the potential physiological mechanisms underlying hypotension following HIIE.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Mechanisms related to post-exercise hypotension after high-intensity interval exercise</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies have shown that one of the mechanisms involved in the hypotensive response after HIIE is modulation of cardiac function. Increased baroreflex sensitivity at basal levels of neurohumoral regulators in the heart can increase the frequency of firing in the nucleus of the solitary tract by exciting neurons of the nucleus ambiguus and the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, which at the same time inhibit the sympathetic neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, respectively culminating in an increase in vagal tone (parasympathetic nervous system) and a decrease in sympathetic tone, in turn resulting in a reduction in heart rate variability and a beta-antagonistic effect in the heart.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Thus, as an underlying mechanism of heart rate reduction, the hemodynamic pattern ends by being modified by the reduction in stroke volume and/or a reduction in or maintenance of cardiac output.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another mechanism involved is vascular function; as blood pressure is based on the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, and reduction of the latter is related to afterload, along with stroke volume, the regulation of peripheral vascular function will have a direct influence on this response (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>). Systemic vascular resistance can be controlled by alpha 1-adrenergic receptor innervation, local relaxing (via nitric oxide and prostacyclin) or contractile factors (endothelin and angiotensin II), circulating factors such as catecholamines and angiotensin II, and metabolites such as O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, H<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span> and adenosine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Thus, an increase in vasodilation, along with reductions in peripheral vascular stiffness, total vascular impedance, arterial stiffness, and peripheral sympathetic tone as post-exercise responses, will result in a significant blood pressure reduction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–16</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Research has sought to identify the effects of HIIE in the interactions between cardiac, vascular, neuroendocrine, and/or renal mechanisms in different clinical populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–18</span></a> Analysis of the mechanisms potentially associated with PEH in normotensive adults found that there was a larger reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, stroke volume and cutaneous vascular resistance, and greater blood flow to the skin, after an HIIE session than after CE.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,15</span></a> Lacombe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> demonstrated that a larger reduction in baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability was observed in prehypertensive men after an HIIE session than following CE.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover, Morales-Palomo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> reported larger reductions in stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance and cutaneous vascular resistance, and greater blood flow to the skin, in hypertensive patients after an HIIE session compared to CE. More recently, Costa et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> observed that hypertensive older women showed a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance 60 minutes after an HIIE session compared to the control session. This response was not seen after a CE session. The effect of HIIE on the reduction of systemic vascular resistance is mainly due to secretion of vasodilator substances, and by reduction of peripheral sympathetic activity.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currie et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> demonstrated a significant improvement in endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease after 60 minutes of HIIE. A similar result was found in a study by Lima et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> in which an HIIE session led to a significant increase in the diameter of the brachial artery of patients with heart failure at 30 minutes of post-exercise recovery.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As can be seen, few studies have analyzed the central or peripheral mechanisms associated with hypotension following HIIE; furthermore, there is no evidence on the exact mechanisms involved in PEH. Although these results have important clinical implications for understanding PEH in different clinical groups in response to HIIE, they need to be analyzed carefully, as they cannot necessarily be extrapolated to prehypertensive or hypertensive populations.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to highlight that a reduction of 2 mmHg in resting blood pressure represents a 6% reduction in mortality from stroke, 4% in coronary artery disease, and 3% in total mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Thus, since aerobic exercise results in PEH of magnitudes greater than 2 mmHg, it can be said that there is an acute reduction in cardiovascular risk after performing this type of exercise.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the significant degree of PEH in response to HIIE, it is worth noting that its clinical relevance is also dependent on how long it lasts. However, to our knowledge, only one study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> has analyzed possible mechanisms associated with post-exercise ambulatory blood pressure decreases. The authors demonstrated that an HIIE session resulted in a reduction in arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity during the waking period; however, data regarding changes in arterial stiffness after a single exercise session are limited and conflicting. Also, there is scarce evidence on the mechanisms associated with the reduction of ambulatory blood pressure, and therefore further investigations are needed to determine whether such adaptations occur in hypertensive patients.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, the available evidence suggests that PEH after HIIE in most cases occurs due to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance rather than a reduction in cardiac output. However, more information is needed to determine the real mechanisms associated with PEH in different clinical groups, as the mechanisms responsible may be different.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Mechanisms related to post-exercise hypotension after high-intensity interval exercise" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1329 "Ancho" => 2341 "Tamanyo" => 245990 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinants of post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; →: maintenance.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postexercise hypotension: key features, mechanisms, and clinical significance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.J. Kenney" 1 => "D.R. Seals" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/01.HYP.0000184108.12155.6b" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hypertension" "fecha" => "1993" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172430" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of population and exercise protocol characteristics on hemodynamic determinants of post-aerobic exercise hypotension" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.C. Brito" 1 => "A.C.C. Queiroz" 2 => "C.L.M. Forjaz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brazilian J Med Biol Res" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "626" "paginaFinal" => "636" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.G. Cardoso-Jr" 1 => "R.S. Gomides" 2 => "A.C.C. Queiroz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1590/S1807-59322010000300013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clinics" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "317" "paginaFinal" => "325" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360924" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute effects of exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analytic investigation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Carpio-Rivera" 1 => "J. Moncada-Jiménez" 2 => "W. Salazar-Rojas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5935/abc.20160064" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "422" "paginaFinal" => "433" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168471" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postexercise hypotension as a clinical tool: a “single brick” in the wall" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.C. Brito" 1 => "R.Y. Fecchio" 2 => "T. Peçanha" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Hypertens" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "59" "paginaFinal" => "64" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blood pressure responses to acute and chronic exercise are related in prehypertension" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Liu" 1 => "J. Goodman" 2 => "R. Nolan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1249/mss.0b013e3181453546" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "2012" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17986905" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "7a Diretriz Brasileira De Hipertensão Arterial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Malachias" 1 => "W. Souza" 2 => "F. Plavnik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5935/abc.20160151" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "83" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819380" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physical activity to prevent and treat hypertension: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.S. Pescatello" 1 => "D.M. Buchner" 2 => "J.M. Jakicic" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sport Exerc" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "1314" "paginaFinal" => "1323" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses with a nested meta-research study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Helal" 1 => "C.E. Botton" 2 => "A.T. Nardi De" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute effect of interval vs continuous exercise on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.J. Perrier-Melo" 1 => "E.C. Costa" 2 => "B.Q. Farah" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise-induced modulation of baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Miki" 1 => "M. Yoshimoto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3389/fnins.2018.00493" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Front Neurosci" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "493" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30083091" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Skeletal muscle contraction-induced vasodilation in the microcirculation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.S. Hong" 1 => "K. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Exerc Rehabil" "fecha" => "2017" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute hypotension after high-intensity interval exercise in metabolic syndrome patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Morales-Palomo" 1 => "M. Ramirez-Jimenez" 2 => "J.F. Ortega" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1055/s-0043-101911" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Sports Med" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "560" "paginaFinal" => "567" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482361" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute effect of high-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on blood pressure and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older hypertensive women with increased arterial stiffness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E.C. Costa" 1 => "D.E. Kent" 2 => "K.F. Boreskie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1519/JSC.0000000000003552" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Strength Cond Res" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "1307" "paginaFinal" => "1316" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32149879" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postexercise hypotension in an endurance-trained population of men and women following high-intensity interval and steady-state cycling" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Rossow" 1 => "H. Yan" 2 => "C.A. Fahs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/ajh.2009.269" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Hypertens" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "358" "paginaFinal" => "367" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20057359" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Flow-mediated dilation is acutely improved after high-intensity interval exercise" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.D. Currie" 1 => "R.S. McKelvie" 2 => "M.J. MacDonald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1249/MSS.0b013e318260ff92" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "2057" "paginaFinal" => "2064" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22648341" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interval and continuous exercise elicit equivalent postexercise hypotension in prehypertensive men, despite differences in regulation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.P. Lacombe" 1 => "J.M. Goodman" 2 => "C.M. Spragg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1139/h11-113" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appl Physiol Nutr Metab" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "881" "paginaFinal" => "891" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070641" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vasodilation and reduction of systolic blood pressure after one session of high-intensity interval training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.B. de Lima" 1 => "A.D. da Silveira" 2 => "M.A.L. Saffi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5935/abc.20180202" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "111" "paginaInicial" => "699" "paginaFinal" => "707" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30365604" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Whelton" 1 => "J. He" 2 => "L.J. Appel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.288.15.1882" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "288" "paginaInicial" => "1882" "paginaFinal" => "1888" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12377087" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ambulatory blood pressure reduction following high-intensity interval exercise performed in water or dryland condition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Sosner" 1 => "M. Gayda" 2 => "O. Dupuy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jash.2016.02.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Soc Hypertens" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "420" "paginaFinal" => "428" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27026570" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/08702551/0000004000000010/v1_202110050607/S0870255121003206/v1_202110050607/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "91923" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comentário Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000004000000010/v1_202110050607/S0870255121003206/v1_202110050607/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255121003206?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
| Ano/Mês | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Novembro | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2024 Outubro | 145 | 63 | 208 |
| 2024 Setembro | 184 | 34 | 218 |
| 2024 Agosto | 181 | 36 | 217 |
| 2024 Julho | 175 | 36 | 211 |
| 2024 Junho | 129 | 30 | 159 |
| 2024 Maio | 138 | 24 | 162 |
| 2024 Abril | 95 | 27 | 122 |
| 2024 Maro | 83 | 20 | 103 |
| 2024 Fevereiro | 98 | 27 | 125 |
| 2024 Janeiro | 88 | 27 | 115 |
| 2023 Dezembro | 94 | 24 | 118 |
| 2023 Novembro | 125 | 52 | 177 |
| 2023 Outubro | 108 | 27 | 135 |
| 2023 Setembro | 182 | 36 | 218 |
| 2023 Agosto | 135 | 35 | 170 |
| 2023 Julho | 149 | 14 | 163 |
| 2023 Junho | 148 | 20 | 168 |
| 2023 Maio | 135 | 26 | 161 |
| 2023 Abril | 124 | 12 | 136 |
| 2023 Maro | 169 | 37 | 206 |
| 2023 Fevereiro | 101 | 27 | 128 |
| 2023 Janeiro | 73 | 25 | 98 |
| 2022 Dezembro | 60 | 24 | 84 |
| 2022 Novembro | 78 | 44 | 122 |
| 2022 Outubro | 82 | 33 | 115 |
| 2022 Setembro | 65 | 47 | 112 |
| 2022 Agosto | 61 | 47 | 108 |
| 2022 Julho | 57 | 45 | 102 |
| 2022 Junho | 84 | 47 | 131 |
| 2022 Maio | 39 | 34 | 73 |
| 2022 Abril | 50 | 46 | 96 |
| 2022 Maro | 63 | 66 | 129 |
| 2022 Fevereiro | 40 | 37 | 77 |
| 2022 Janeiro | 66 | 26 | 92 |
| 2021 Dezembro | 84 | 34 | 118 |
| 2021 Novembro | 111 | 81 | 192 |
| 2021 Outubro | 224 | 101 | 325 |
| 2021 Setembro | 20 | 33 | 53 |
| 2021 Agosto | 18 | 35 | 53 |
Mostrar tudo
