Editorial comment
Genetic predisposition for essential hypertension, based on studies of genetic polymorphisms in modern global human populations: The perspective of evolutionary biology
Perspetivas de biologia evolutiva da predisposição genética para hipertensão arterial essencial, estudada com base em polimorfismos genéticos nas atuais populações humanas globais
Manuel Bicho
Laboratório de Genética e Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Lido
4820
Vezesque se leu este artigo
1772
Total PDF
3048
Total HTML
Compartilhar estatísticas
array:26 [ "pii" => "S0870255118303032" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.05.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-06-01" "aid" => "1235" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:509-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1343 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 104 "HTML" => 928 "PDF" => 311 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2174204918302058" "issn" => "21742049" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-06-01" "aid" => "1235" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:509-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1143 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 133 "HTML" => 733 "PDF" => 277 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>" "titulo" => "Genetic predisposition for essential hypertension, based on studies of genetic polymorphisms in modern global human populations: The perspective of evolutionary biology" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Perspetivas de biologia evolutiva da predisposição genética para hipertensão arterial essencial, estudada com base em polimorfismos genéticos nas atuais populações humanas globais" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Manuel Bicho" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Bicho" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S087025511730207X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.018" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025511730207X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0870255118303032" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2018.05.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255118303032?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918302058?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21742049/0000003700000006/v3_201807150625/S2174204918302058/v3_201807150625/en/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0870255117303943" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.11.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-06-01" "aid" => "1176" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:511-20" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2715 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 124 "HTML" => 2206 "PDF" => 385 ] ] "pt" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>" "titulo" => "Análise comparativa do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fractional flow reserve</span> (FFR) e do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">instantaneous wave‐free ratio</span> (iFR): resultados de um registo de 5 anos" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "511" "paginaFinal" => "520" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Comparative analysis of fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave‐free ratio: Results of a five‐year registry" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figura 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1241 "Ancho" => 1569 "Tamanyo" => 81262 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Concordância dos valores de iFR e FFR por análise de Bland‐Altman.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Miguel Nobre Menezes, Ana Rita G. Francisco, Pedro Carrilho Ferreira, Cláudia Jorge, Diogo Torres, Pedro Cardoso, José António Duarte, José Marques da Costa, Eduardo Infante de Oliveira, Fausto J. Pinto, Pedro Canas da Silva" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Nobre Menezes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Rita G." "apellidos" => "Francisco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Carrilho Ferreira" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cláudia" "apellidos" => "Jorge" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diogo" "apellidos" => "Torres" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Cardoso" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José António" "apellidos" => "Duarte" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Marques da Costa" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "Infante de Oliveira" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fausto J." "apellidos" => "Pinto" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Canas da Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S217420491830206X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.06.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217420491830206X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255117303943?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000006/v2_201806270452/S0870255117303943/v2_201806270452/pt/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S087025511730207X" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.018" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-06-01" "aid" => "1178" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:499-507" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1256 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 123 "HTML" => 812 "PDF" => 321 ] ] "pt" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>" "titulo" => "A variante genética c825t da subunidade β3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da proteína G associa‐se com a hipertensão arterial numa população portuguesa" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "499" "paginaFinal" => "507" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 2499 "Tamanyo" => 197166 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Discriminação genotípica do polimorfismo C825T do gene GNβ3 no Aparelho 7300 Real‐Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Célia Sousa, Roberto Palma dos Reis, Andreia Pereira, Sofia Borges, Sara Gouveia, Adelaide Spínola, Ana Isabel Freitas, Graça Guerra, Teresa Góis, Mariana Rodrigues, Eva Henriques, Ilídio Ornelas, Carolina Freitas, Décio Pereira, António Brehm, Maria Isabel Mendonça" "autores" => array:16 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Célia" "apellidos" => "Sousa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Roberto Palma dos" "apellidos" => "Reis" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andreia" "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sofia" "apellidos" => "Borges" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sara" "apellidos" => "Gouveia" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adelaide" "apellidos" => "Spínola" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Isabel" "apellidos" => "Freitas" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Graça" "apellidos" => "Guerra" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Teresa" "apellidos" => "Góis" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariana" "apellidos" => "Rodrigues" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eva" "apellidos" => "Henriques" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ilídio" "apellidos" => "Ornelas" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina" "apellidos" => "Freitas" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Décio" "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 14 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Brehm" ] 15 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria Isabel" "apellidos" => "Mendonça" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2174204918302058" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918302058?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025511730207X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000006/v2_201806270452/S087025511730207X/v2_201806270452/pt/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:19 [ "pii" => "S087025511730207X" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.018" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-06-01" "aid" => "1178" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:499-507" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1256 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 123 "HTML" => 812 "PDF" => 321 ] ] "pt" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>" "titulo" => "A variante genética c825t da subunidade β3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da proteína G associa‐se com a hipertensão arterial numa população portuguesa" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "499" "paginaFinal" => "507" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 2499 "Tamanyo" => 197166 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Discriminação genotípica do polimorfismo C825T do gene GNβ3 no Aparelho 7300 Real‐Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Célia Sousa, Roberto Palma dos Reis, Andreia Pereira, Sofia Borges, Sara Gouveia, Adelaide Spínola, Ana Isabel Freitas, Graça Guerra, Teresa Góis, Mariana Rodrigues, Eva Henriques, Ilídio Ornelas, Carolina Freitas, Décio Pereira, António Brehm, Maria Isabel Mendonça" "autores" => array:16 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Célia" "apellidos" => "Sousa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Roberto Palma dos" "apellidos" => "Reis" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andreia" "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sofia" "apellidos" => "Borges" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sara" "apellidos" => "Gouveia" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adelaide" "apellidos" => "Spínola" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Isabel" "apellidos" => "Freitas" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Graça" "apellidos" => "Guerra" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Teresa" "apellidos" => "Góis" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariana" "apellidos" => "Rodrigues" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eva" "apellidos" => "Henriques" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ilídio" "apellidos" => "Ornelas" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina" "apellidos" => "Freitas" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Décio" "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 14 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Brehm" ] 15 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria Isabel" "apellidos" => "Mendonça" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2174204918302058" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2018.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918302058?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025511730207X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000006/v2_201806270452/S087025511730207X/v2_201806270452/pt/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial comment</span>" "titulo" => "Genetic predisposition for essential hypertension, based on studies of genetic polymorphisms in modern global human populations: The perspective of evolutionary biology" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Manuel Bicho" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Bicho" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "manuelbicho@fm.ul.pt" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Laboratório de Genética e Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Perspetivas de biologia evolutiva da predisposição genética para hipertensão arterial essencial, estudada com base em polimorfismos genéticos nas atuais populações humanas globais" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article by Sousa et al. in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> raises several interesting questions related to the association of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene, which codes for the beta 3 subunit of G proteins (responsible for the transduction of messages resulting from activation of G protein-coupled receptors), with hypertension and cardiovascular risk.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first question concerns differences in susceptibility to essential hypertension in modern human populations that result from the natural selection of genes over the last 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 years associated with environmental factors during the global expansion of humanity after ancestral populations left Africa, as described in an important article by Young et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The factors acting at that time were temperature and humidity, inversely related to latitude in Africa, which activated compensatory adaptive hypertensive mechanisms secondary to decreased volume-dependent blood pressure associated with severe loss of sodium chloride by sweating. Young et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> identified several polymorphic variants of five genes encoding proteins involved in these compensatory mechanisms of volume change and vascular reactivity secondary to salt loss. The genetic variant most strongly associated with current global variation in susceptibility to hypertension is the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene. The frequency distribution of genetic variants associated with adaptive mechanisms, especially the one analyzed by Sousa et al., is independent of the continent where they occur, as shown by the similarity of their distribution in Native Americans of the equatorial zones to that of modern African populations. We performed a study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> of the Hp1 polymorphic variant (only found in humans) of haptoglobin, an acute phase protein that for more than 30 years has been associated with higher blood pressure sensitivity to sodium. In this work we found very similar allelic frequencies of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HP</span> gene in Honduras (Central America) and in Mozambique (Africa). These countries are at similar latitudes, although in the case of Native American populations the adaptations occurred over the course of less than 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 years. This is the result of movements in Eurasia, in the opposite direction (north to south) to the initial movement subsequent to the departure from Africa of the original populations in which these gene variants were initially fixed.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the same Hp allele, we published a paper in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span> in 2000,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> the results of which showed a different nocturnal blood pressure response in salt-sensitive hypertensive individuals, compared to normotensive and non-sensitive individuals, after a change of diet from low to high sodium. The Hp1-1 allele was found in 100% of both normotensive and hypertensive salt-sensitive subjects. In this study we also showed that in urban settings in modern African populations, these individuals have increased cardiovascular risk, even compared to those in the current African diaspora, which confirms the epidemiological transition of these populations with respect to the original ones 50 years ago.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As further evidence of the effect of these ancestral gene variants, the work by Sousa et al. shows that the risk for obesity conferred by the 825T allele of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene in Madeira, also demonstrated in other populations, is associated with a higher risk of essential hypertension.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The frequency of this morbid allele is higher in hypertensive patients than in controls in the population of the Madeira archipelago, in contrast to those found in a larger population (the PHYSA study) on the mainland.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> Regardless of the differences in sampling methods between these two studies, the explanation for the association of this variant with hypertension on this Portuguese island, which is not observed on the mainland, probably lies in the fact that the Madeira population is a genetic isolate in which the effect of stratification of these genes is likely to be maximized, despite its common ethnic origins with mainland populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.C. Sousa" 1 => "R. Palma dos Reis" 2 => "A. Pereira" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.018" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "499" "paginaFinal" => "507" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29853161" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differential susceptibility to hypertension is due to selection during the out-of-Africa expansion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.H. Young" 1 => "Y.-P. Chang" 2 => "J.D.-O. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS Genet" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "730" "paginaFinal" => "738" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0167527316344746" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01675273" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Os sub-fenótipos da sensibilidade ao sódio da pressão arterial dependem da distribuição da haptoglobina pelos diversos grupos étnicos" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Pereira da Silva" 1 => "A. Damasceno" 2 => "V. Ricchiuti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Hiperten Risco Cardiovasc" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "34" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109716009918" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of salt intake on daytime-nighttime blood pressure variation in normotensive and hypertensive black subjects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Damasceno" 1 => "P. Caupers" 2 => "A. Santos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "329" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10804778" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Associations between the GNB3 C825T polymorphism and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in Korean obese women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.D. Ko" 1 => "K.K. Kim" 2 => "H.S. Suh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Endocrinol Investig" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "1117" "paginaFinal" => "1120" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and salt intake in Portugal: changes over a decade. The PHYSA study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Polónia" 1 => "L. Martins" 2 => "F. Pinto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/HJH.0000000000000162" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "1211" "paginaFinal" => "1221" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675681" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0167527316329771" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01675273" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Association of 10 genes polymorphisms with essential hypertension risk among a representative sample of adult population of Portugal (Physa Study)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Polónia" 1 => "L. Martins" 2 => "F. Pinto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.hjh.0000467435.02925.75" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "33" "numero" => "Suppl. 1" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26102793" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0167527316314371" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01675273" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Gonçalves" 1 => "A. Freitas" 2 => "M. Branco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Hum Genet" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "443" "paginaFinal" => "454" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15996172" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1885585716301827" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "18855857" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/08702551/0000003700000006/v2_201806270452/S0870255118303032/v2_201806270452/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "29261" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Artigos Originais" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003700000006/v2_201806270452/S0870255118303032/v2_201806270452/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255118303032?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
| Ano/Mês | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Novembro | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2024 Outubro | 43 | 34 | 77 |
| 2024 Setembro | 62 | 31 | 93 |
| 2024 Agosto | 48 | 34 | 82 |
| 2024 Julho | 40 | 26 | 66 |
| 2024 Junho | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2024 Maio | 44 | 27 | 71 |
| 2024 Abril | 43 | 29 | 72 |
| 2024 Maro | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2024 Fevereiro | 40 | 19 | 59 |
| 2024 Janeiro | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2023 Dezembro | 40 | 23 | 63 |
| 2023 Novembro | 45 | 31 | 76 |
| 2023 Outubro | 19 | 16 | 35 |
| 2023 Setembro | 29 | 21 | 50 |
| 2023 Agosto | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2023 Julho | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2023 Junho | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2023 Maio | 40 | 30 | 70 |
| 2023 Abril | 25 | 13 | 38 |
| 2023 Maro | 44 | 32 | 76 |
| 2023 Fevereiro | 31 | 25 | 56 |
| 2023 Janeiro | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2022 Dezembro | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2022 Novembro | 59 | 27 | 86 |
| 2022 Outubro | 45 | 34 | 79 |
| 2022 Setembro | 29 | 40 | 69 |
| 2022 Agosto | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2022 Julho | 39 | 49 | 88 |
| 2022 Junho | 22 | 28 | 50 |
| 2022 Maio | 32 | 43 | 75 |
| 2022 Abril | 49 | 40 | 89 |
| 2022 Maro | 39 | 50 | 89 |
| 2022 Fevereiro | 33 | 36 | 69 |
| 2022 Janeiro | 41 | 28 | 69 |
| 2021 Dezembro | 41 | 34 | 75 |
| 2021 Novembro | 31 | 40 | 71 |
| 2021 Outubro | 34 | 45 | 79 |
| 2021 Setembro | 32 | 25 | 57 |
| 2021 Agosto | 32 | 28 | 60 |
| 2021 Julho | 30 | 22 | 52 |
| 2021 Junho | 22 | 23 | 45 |
| 2021 Maio | 32 | 43 | 75 |
| 2021 Abril | 49 | 13 | 62 |
| 2021 Maro | 71 | 27 | 98 |
| 2021 Fevereiro | 72 | 22 | 94 |
| 2021 Janeiro | 36 | 24 | 60 |
| 2020 Dezembro | 42 | 14 | 56 |
| 2020 Novembro | 41 | 17 | 58 |
| 2020 Outubro | 17 | 24 | 41 |
| 2020 Setembro | 73 | 20 | 93 |
| 2020 Agosto | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2020 Julho | 51 | 16 | 67 |
| 2020 Junho | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| 2020 Maio | 37 | 8 | 45 |
| 2020 Abril | 40 | 21 | 61 |
| 2020 Maro | 37 | 7 | 44 |
| 2020 Fevereiro | 67 | 30 | 97 |
| 2020 Janeiro | 25 | 6 | 31 |
| 2019 Dezembro | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2019 Novembro | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2019 Outubro | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2019 Setembro | 14 | 15 | 29 |
| 2019 Agosto | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2019 Julho | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2019 Junho | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2019 Maio | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2019 Abril | 21 | 19 | 40 |
| 2019 Maro | 72 | 15 | 87 |
| 2019 Fevereiro | 58 | 12 | 70 |
| 2019 Janeiro | 81 | 7 | 88 |
| 2018 Dezembro | 66 | 10 | 76 |
| 2018 Novembro | 46 | 11 | 57 |
| 2018 Outubro | 92 | 17 | 109 |
| 2018 Setembro | 42 | 16 | 58 |
| 2018 Agosto | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2018 Julho | 52 | 25 | 77 |
| 2018 Junho | 34 | 43 | 77 |
Mostrar tudo
