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o imatinib foi o primeiro e considerado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard of care</span> durante anos&#46; A observa&#231;&#227;o de casos de resist&#234;ncia ou intoler&#226;ncia ao imatinib em alguns doentes levou ao desenvolvimento de novos ITC&#44; com efeito mais potente na inibi&#231;&#227;o do BCR&#8208;ABL e com perfis de toxicidade distintos do imatinib&#46; Os primeiros desses ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o foram o dasatinib e o nilotinib&#44; que revelaram uma efic&#225;cia terap&#234;utica mais elevada relativamente ao imatinib&#44; pelo que agora equacionamos o seu uso em primeira linha<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Os restantes inibidores s&#227;o usados com menor frequ&#234;ncia&#46; O bosutinib est&#225; indicado sobretudo em terceira linha&#44; enquanto o ponatinib est&#225; indicado essencialmente para muta&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas do BCR&#8208;ABL&#46; Os perfis de toxicidade dos tr&#234;s agentes mais usados&#44; o imatinib&#44; o dasatinib e o nilotinib&#44; s&#227;o substancialmente diferentes&#46; Importa conhec&#234;&#8208;los&#44; detetar os doentes de risco acrescido e propor atitudes preventivas e de monitora&#231;&#227;o adequadas e apropriadas&#46; Resumem&#8208;se seguidamente as manifesta&#231;&#245;es de toxicidade cardiovascular conhecidas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Efeitos colaterais cardiovasculares dos ITCs</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os efeitos adversos cardiovasculares dos ITCs n&#227;o se expressam como manifesta&#231;&#245;es de classe farmacol&#243;gica&#44; s&#227;o espec&#237;ficos de cada agente farmacol&#243;gico&#46; Uma vez que alguns ITCs s&#243; foram recentemente disponibilizados&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel que s&#243; ap&#243;s um uso em longo prazo se possa ter uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais completa de todos os efeitos colaterais&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; de um modo geral&#44; as altera&#231;&#245;es do intervalo QT poder&#227;o potencialmente ocorrer em associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com ITCs&#44; como descrito adiante para cada um dos f&#225;rmacos dessa classe&#46; Como recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais para todos os ITCs&#44; antes do in&#237;cio do tratamento dever&#225; ser avaliado o intervalo QT atrav&#233;s do eletrocardiograma e ap&#243;s o seu in&#237;cio esse dever&#225; ser monitorado regularmente&#46; Como n&#227;o h&#225; dados espec&#237;ficos&#44; sugerimos a realiza&#231;&#227;o de ECG aos tr&#234;s meses e aos 12 meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; devem ser despistadas altera&#231;&#245;es eletrol&#237;ticas&#44; como a hipomagnesiemia e a hipocaliemia&#44; que podem aumentar o risco de arritmias&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Imatinib</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao imatinib&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41; foi descrita em estudos iniciais&#44; n&#227;o controlados&#46; Num estudo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#44; o imatinib afetou o potencial de membrana mitocondrial e a ultraestrutura celular&#44; induzindo apoptose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Estudos posteriores&#44; que envolveram popula&#231;&#245;es de maior dimens&#227;o&#44; e an&#225;lises de bases de dados multic&#234;ntricas n&#227;o demonstraram aumento da incid&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; apenas foram registadas a incid&#234;ncia esperada para o grupo et&#225;rio e comorbilidades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Numa revis&#227;o de 1276 doentes&#44; a grande maioria daqueles que desenvolveram IC j&#225; tinha fatores de risco para IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9593"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Outro efeito associado ao imatininb &#233; a reten&#231;&#227;o hidro&#8208;salina&#44; que &#233; clinicamente ligeira&#44; sendo os eventos graves como o derrame pleural de ocorr&#234;ncia rara&#46; Entre as recomenda&#231;&#245;es para os doentes tratados com imatinib encontram&#8208;se a monitora&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em doentes com cardiopatia pr&#233;via&#44; que dever&#225; ser efetuada atrav&#233;s de seguimento em consulta de cardiologia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Dasatinib</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que respeita ao dasatinib&#44; esse pode&#8208;se associar ao desenvolvimento de derrame pleural ou peric&#225;rdico&#44; que ocorrem em cerca de 20&#37; dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#46; Para os doentes em risco de desenvolver derrame pleural&#44; nomeadamente com hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a pulmonar ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva&#44; torna&#8208;se necess&#225;rio ponderar outro ITC&#46; A hipertens&#227;o pulmonar &#40;HTP&#41; &#233; tamb&#233;m uma complica&#231;&#227;o que pode ocorrer com o dasatinib&#44; pode ocorrer em 0&#44;35&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#44; pelo que nos doentes com HTP pr&#233;&#8208;existente podem ser considerados para ITCs opcionais&#46; Raramente&#44; em &#60; 1&#37; dos casos&#44; pode tamb&#233;m ocorrer prolongamento do intervalo QT nos doentes tratados com dasatinib&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Nilotinib</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre os efeitos colaterais do nilotinib foi tamb&#233;m descrito o prolongamento do intervalo QT em alguns estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; em nenhum dos estudos publicados se verificou o aumento do intervalo QT corrigido para &#62; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; revelou&#8208;se que a seguran&#231;a do nilotinib &#233; a esse respeito elevada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Tal como supracitado&#44; recomenda&#8208;se tamb&#233;m a monitora&#231;&#227;o basal e no seguimento do ECG&#44; assim como a aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; administra&#231;&#227;o de antiarr&#237;tmicos ou outros f&#225;rmacos que prolonguem o intervalo QT e a corre&#231;&#227;o da hipomagnesemia e da hipocaliemia&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma das toxicidades cardiovasculares mais debatidas dos ITCs de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o os eventos tromb&#243;ticos arteriais&#46; Uma an&#225;lise do registo oncol&#243;gico sueco revelou que a LMC por si aumenta a frequ&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; nilotinib e dasatinib&#44; est&#227;o associados a uma maior incid&#234;ncia desses eventos quando comparados com imatinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Essa observa&#231;&#227;o est&#225; confirmada na an&#225;lise comparativa dos eventos CV observados nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#44; nos quais esses ITC foram comparados com imatinib&#46; Neste estudo verificou&#8208;se uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos tromb&#243;ticos arteriais de 5&#37; com dasatinib comparados com 2&#37; com imatinib e de 15&#44;9&#37; e 10&#37; com as doses de 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg de nilotinib&#44; respetivamente&#44; comparados com 2&#44;5&#37; com imatinib&#46; Esses eventos s&#227;o ainda mais frequentes com ponatinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; atingem uma incid&#234;ncia de 17&#44;5&#37;&#46; Nesse contexto &#233; particularmente importante referir que&#44; apesar de mais frequente com ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; a mortalidade associada a eventos tromb&#243;ticos nos bra&#231;os de ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o nos ensaios acima referidos n&#227;o &#233; superior &#224;quela observada no bra&#231;o dos doentes tratados com imatinib&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a mortalidade causada pela progress&#227;o de LMC &#233; superior nos doentes tratados com imatinib do que naqueles tratados com dasatinib ou nilotinib&#44; o que refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da efic&#225;cia antileuc&#233;mica nesses doentes&#46; Estudos retrospetivos multic&#234;ntricos de grande dimens&#227;o encontraram como fatores de risco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a vasculo&#8208;arterial perif&#233;rica a idade mais avan&#231;ada&#44; o tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas como a hipercolesterolemia ou a diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; Numa an&#225;lise que incluiu dados dos ensaios IRIS&#44; TOPS&#44; e ENESTnd&#44; 92&#37; dos doentes que vieram a manifestar doen&#231;a vasculo&#8208;arterial perif&#233;rica tinham fatores de risco cardiovasculares&#44; como diabetes&#44; dislipidemia&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; idade avan&#231;ada e tabagismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; No ensaio ENESTnd&#44; em cerca de 85&#37; dos casos de s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda havia pelo menos um fator de risco de aterosclerose pr&#233;vio &#224; terap&#234;utica&#46; Outro estudo revelou uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa de acidentes isqu&#233;micos com os n&#237;veis de colesterol e com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enquanto os efeitos metab&#243;licos conhecidos do nilotinib&#44; potenciados na presen&#231;a de hiperglicemia e hipercolesterolemia&#44; podem aumentar a frequ&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares&#44; devemos considerar que a popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com LMC&#44; com uma m&#233;dia de 67 anos&#44; pertence a um grupo et&#225;rio no qual a probabilidade de acidentes isqu&#233;micos &#233; j&#225; importante&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; pela pr&#243;pria idade&#44; mas pela agrega&#231;&#227;o de fatores de risco&#46; Por esses motivos tem sido discutido se os casos de acidentes isqu&#233;micos fazem parte da hist&#243;ria natural dos doentes ou s&#227;o secund&#225;rios &#224; terap&#234;utica com nilotinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; O nilotinib poder&#225;&#44; por outro lado&#44; atuar aditivamente a fatores de risco cardiovasculares estabelecidos ou outras comorbilidades&#44; por efeitos vasculares diretos &#40;intera&#231;&#227;o com o dom&#237;nio do recetor 1 de discoidina &#91;DDR1&#93;&#41; ou pelos efeitos metab&#243;licos no n&#237;vel da glicemia e colesterolemia&#44; todos contribuem para a doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica oclusiva&#46; &#201; tamb&#233;m levantada a quest&#227;o da poss&#237;vel subestimativa da doen&#231;a vascular que poder&#225; j&#225; existir em fase pr&#233;&#8208;cl&#237;nica antes do in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; Brescia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> avaliaram retrospetivamente uma s&#233;rie de doentes com LMC tratados com nilotinib&#46; Aplicando o algoritmo de risco de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca ateroscler&#243;tica da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; na sua vers&#227;o para os pa&#237;ses europeus de baixo risco de que faz parte Portugal&#44; classificaram&#8208;se em graus de risco de eventos os doentes na fase pr&#233;&#8208;tratamento &#40;e de seguimento&#41; com nilotinib &#8211; baixo &#40;&#60; 1&#37;&#41;&#44; moderado &#40;1&#8208;5&#37;&#41;&#44; elevado &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41; e muito elevado &#40;&#62; 10&#37;&#41; &#8211; tendo em conta as vari&#225;veis propostas &#40;idade&#44; sexo&#44; colesterol&#44; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; tabagismo&#44; diabetes&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; obesidade&#44; doen&#231;a cardiovascular pr&#233;via&#41;&#46; Os autores encontraram uma incid&#234;ncia de 8&#44;5&#37; de acidentes isqu&#233;micos aos 48 meses de seguimento&#46; As v&#225;rias categorias de risco associaram&#8208;se a graus crescentes de incid&#234;ncia de eventos isqu&#233;micos&#44; que foi nula para o grupo de baixo risco&#46; Este trabalho sugere a necessidade de dete&#231;&#227;o precoce e ao longo do tratamento dos fatores de risco de aterosclerose de forma a evitar os eventos isqu&#233;micos&#46; Especificamente&#44; em cada consulta o doente deve ser questionado relativamente a sintomas de angina e de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que diz respeito ao efeito do nilotinib&#44; e tamb&#233;m do dasatinib e do imatinib&#44; na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; a maioria dos estudos excluiu os doentes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular pr&#233;via e outros n&#227;o efetuaram um estudo sistem&#225;tico dirigido &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; nomeadamente recorreram &#224; ecocardiografia sistem&#225;tica&#46; N&#227;o h&#225; assim de momento informa&#231;&#227;o dispon&#237;vel que sugira que os ITCs afetem de forma significativa a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular&#44; avaliada pela fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o&#46; Um estudo encontrou altera&#231;&#245;es da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#44; o que pode sugerir altera&#231;&#245;es mais subtis no n&#237;vel da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Na atualidade&#44; n&#227;o existe evid&#234;ncia suficiente que demonstra que a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular seja afetada significativamente&#44; o que estudos futuros dever&#227;o explorar&#44; nomeadamente se inclu&#237;rem &#237;ndices mais sens&#237;veis de fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Bosutinib</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao bosutinib&#44; a maioria dos estudos publicados n&#227;o demonstrou aumento da incid&#234;ncia dos eventos cardiovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; o bosutinib inibe vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o que tamb&#233;m s&#227;o inibidas pelo ponatinib&#44; como as c&#237;nases da fam&#237;lia SRC&#44; pelo que at&#233; o completo esclarecimento dos mecanismos etiopatog&#233;nicos da toxicidade CV dos ITCs os hipot&#233;ticos eventos cardiovasculares associados com o bosutinib devem ser monitorados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#46;</span> Relativamente ao efeito sobre o intervalo QTc&#44; a maioria dos estudos n&#227;o encontrou aumento da sua dura&#231;&#227;o&#59; num estudo de 288 doentes com LMC&#44; observou&#8208;se um prolongamento pouco significativo em dois doentes &#40;um &#62; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; outro aumento &#62; 60ms&#41;&#44; o que sugere um perfil seguro para o f&#225;rmaco&#44; mas confirma a necessidade de avalia&#231;&#227;o e monitora&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Ponatinib</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora existam ainda poucos estudos publicados&#44; o ponatinib parece estar associado a risco significativo de eventos cardiovasculares&#44; sobretudo arteriais &#40;doen&#231;a arterial oclusiva em 20&#37;&#41;&#44; mas tamb&#233;m venosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a HTA &#233; um efeito lateral frequentemente associado ao ponatinib&#44; pelo que deve ser assegurado o seu controlo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sugest&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o e monitora&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com LMC sob tratamento com ITCs</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo em conta a informa&#231;&#227;o atualmente dispon&#237;vel&#44; propomos o algoritmo em anexo como sugest&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0050">Anexos 1 e 2</a>&#41; e seguimento dos doentes tratados com ITCs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tabelas 1&#44; 2&#44; 3 e 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Independentemente das comorbilidades do doente&#44; n&#227;o existem contraindica&#231;&#245;es absolutas para qualquer um dos ITCs&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo ser&#225; estabelecer um equil&#237;brio&#44; tentar obter a m&#225;xima efic&#225;cia com menor perfil de toxicidade&#46; Todavia&#44; como a efic&#225;cia antileuc&#233;mica &#233; a principal preocupa&#231;&#227;o na doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada&#44; o perfil de toxicidade poder&#225; passar para segundo plano&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos doentes de muito alto risco CV com LMC em fase cr&#243;nica rec&#233;m&#8208;diagnosticada&#44; o imatinib e dasatinib s&#227;o atualmente as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas preferenciais&#46; Nesse grupo de doentes&#44; o nilotinib n&#227;o est&#225; recomendado e estar&#225; indicado s&#243; ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o criteriosa dos factores de risco CV&#44; gravidade e benef&#237;cio terap&#234;utico expect&#225;vel com esse ITC&#46; Nos doentes com risco CV ligeiro e moderado&#44; qualquer um dos ITCs pode ser prescrito&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em doentes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica previamente diagnosticada o ponatinib n&#227;o deve ser usado&#46; Perante doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica grave pr&#233;via&#44; o nilotinib n&#227;o est&#225; recomendado&#44; apesar de poder ser institu&#237;do nos casos de doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica ligeira a moderada&#44; ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o dos riscos e benef&#237;cios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O uso dos inibidores da tirosina c&#237;nase &#40;ITC&#41; para o tratamento da leucemia mieloide cr&#243;nica alterou significativamente o progn&#243;stico dessa doen&#231;a e permitiu uma esperan&#231;a de vida praticamente normal&#46; Apesar dos seus ineg&#225;veis benef&#237;cios&#44; o uso dos ITC est&#225; associado a um aumento do risco de efeitos colaterais sobre o sistema cardiovascular&#44; nomeadamente no risco de eventos aterotromb&#243;ticos&#46; Torna&#8208;se por isso necess&#225;rio conhecer e prevenir os efeitos adversos desses f&#225;rmacos de modo a permitir a continua&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica antileuc&#233;mica e minimizar a toxidade para os doentes&#46; Este documento multidisciplinar&#44; elaborado atrav&#233;s de uma colabora&#231;&#227;o entre hematologistas e cardiologistas de v&#225;rios servi&#231;os hospitalares portugueses&#44; tem por objetivo rever a toxidade cardiovascular associada aos v&#225;rios ITCs e estabelecer sugest&#245;es para o seguimento desses doentes&#46; S&#227;o ainda propostas medidas para a avalia&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular desses doentes&#44; crit&#233;rios de referencia&#231;&#227;o e discutidas intera&#231;&#245;es medicamentosas relevantes&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors &#40;TKIs&#41; for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has significantly altered the prognosis of this disease&#44; enabling close to normal life expectancy&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Despite their undeniable benefits&#44; the use of TKIs is associated with an increased risk of side effects on the cardiovascular system&#44; particularly of atherothrombotic events&#46; It is therefore necessary to understand and prevent the adverse effects of these drugs&#44; in order to enable antileukemic therapy to continue and to minimize patients&#8217; toxic exposure&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This multidisciplinary consensus document&#44; developed through a collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists&#44; aims to review the cardiovascular toxicity associated with various TKIs and to establish recommendations for the follow&#8208;up of these patients&#46; Measures are also proposed for the assessment and reduction of cardiovascular risk in these patients and referral criteria&#44; and relevant drug interactions are discussed&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:5 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="201911281009402481"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo 1"
            "titulo" => "Avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global segundo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span> da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>"
            "identificador" => "sec0050"
            "apendiceSeccion" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "apendice" => "<p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="201911281009402482"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
                "etiqueta" => "Anexo 2"
                "titulo" => "Algoritmo da DGS para avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global segundo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span> da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia &#40;Norma da DGS&#44; N&#176; 005&#47;2013&#44; publicada em 19&#47;3&#47;2013&#44; com atualiza&#231;&#227;o em 21&#47;01&#47;2015&#41;"
                "identificador" => "sec0055"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Explicar por baixo da tabela as diferen&#231;as entre as cruzes &#8220;X&#8221; e &#8220;x&#8221;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42; Aconselh&#225;vel&#44; seguindo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da FDA&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42; At&#233; estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hematol&#243;gica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 dias&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow&#8208;up&#40;cada 6 M&#41;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o clinicaBasal&#58; doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica&#44; cerebrovascular ou card&#237;aca pr&#233;viaBasal e seguimento&#58; sintomas de angina&#44; claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o e tratamento dos fatores de risco CV&#58;HTA&#44; Dislipidemia&#44; DM2&#44; Tabagismo&#44; Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;lculo do risco cardiovascularGlobal &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal&#40;creatinina plasm&#225;tica e c&#225;lculo do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Um doente com insufici&#234;ncia renal &#233; consideradode alto risco CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eletrocardiograma &#40;ECG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar especificamente o intervalo QTcAvaliar tamb&#233;m se h&#225; sinais de enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da glicemia&#44; HbA1c eperfil lip&#237;dico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A considerar&#44; apesar de n&#227;o haver evid&#234;ncia de agravamento da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda com os ITCs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2171169.png"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para a avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial e seguimento dos doentes sob terap&#234;utica com ITCs</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;De acordo com o modelo SCORE da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia e as Normas da Dire&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de &#40;ver Anexos 1 e 2&#41;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O c&#225;lculo do risco cardiovascular global &#233; estimado com base no risco de eventos cardiovasculares no seguimento a 10 anos</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Risco CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo &#40;&#60; 1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global &#60; 1&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para ado&#231;&#227;o de estilo de vida saud&#225;vel&#40;alimenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; exerc&#237;cio&#44; cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interm&#233;dio &#40;&#62; 1&#37; e &#60; 5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global 1&#8208;5&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco&#8208; Pesquisar sintomas&#47;sinais de doen&#231;a CV &#40;coron&#225;ria&#44; cerebral&#44; arterial perif&#233;rica&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alto &#40;&#62; 5&#37; e &#60; 10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global 5&#8208;10&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco &#8211; Apoio de especialista&#8208; Pesquisa de evid&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica de doen&#231;a vascular &#40;coron&#225;ria&#44; cerebral&#44; perif&#233;rica&#41;&#8208; Considerar a introdu&#231;&#227;o de estatina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Muito alto &#40;&#62;&#61; 10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CV&#40;atual ou pr&#233;via&#41;ourisco global &#62; 10&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco&#8208; Tratamento da doen&#231;a CV&#8208; Considerar apoio da consulta de cardiologia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2171168.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Classifica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global e respetivas recomenda&#231;&#245;es para cada categoria de risco&#42;</p>"
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      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fator de risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo farmacol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dislipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estatinas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PravastatinaPitavastatinaAtorvastatinaRosuvastatina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pravastatina e pitavastatina n&#227;o interferem com o citocromo P450Vigiar os valores de CKSinvastatina e lovastatina dever&#227;o ser evitadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina &#40;IECAs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EnalaprilLisinoprilRamiprilPerindoprilOutros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar os n&#237;veis de pot&#225;ssio e fun&#231;&#227;o renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antagonistas dos recetores da angiotensina &#40;ARAs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CandesartanIrbesartanOutros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar os n&#237;veis de pot&#225;ssio e fun&#231;&#227;o renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueadores&#8208;beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BisoprololCarvedilolNebivolol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;FC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antagonistas dos canais de c&#225;lcio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NifedipinaAmlodipinaDiltiazemVerapamil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nos doentes medicados com diltiazem ou verapamil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diur&#233;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TiazidasIndapamida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Controlar ionograma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antidiab&#233;ticos orais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Metformina &#40;recomendada como tratamento inicial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2171170.png"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">F&#225;rmacos que podem ser usados em associa&#231;&#227;o com ITCs para o controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Citalopram &#40;Zitolex&#174;&#41;Cloropromazina &#40;Largactil&#174;&#41;Clomipramina &#40;Anafranil&#174;&#41;Clozapina &#40;Leponex&#174;&#41;Fluoxetina &#40;Prozac&#174;&#44; Diagassim<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;&#41;</span>Haloperidol &#40;Haldol&#174;&#41;Imipramine &#40;Tofranil&#174;&#41;Levomepromazina &#40;Nozinan&#174;&#41;LitioOpioides&#58; MetadonaMetilfenidato &#40;Concerta&#174; Ritalina&#174;&#41;Nortriptilina &#40;Norterol&#174;&#41;Olanzapina &#40;Zyprexa&#174;&#41;Paroxetina &#40;Seroxat&#174;&#44; Paxetil&#174;&#41;Quetipina &#40;Seroquel&#174;&#41;Risperidona &#40;Risperdal&#174;&#41;Sertralina &#40;Zoloft<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;&#41;</span>Tizanidina &#40;Sirdalud&#174;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#41;</span>Venlafaxina &#40;Efexor&#174;&#41;Nota&#58; os antidepressivos tric&#237;clicos t&#234;m maior risco de prolongamento do intervalo QT que os inibidores da recapta&#231;&#227;o da serotonina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Diversos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Amiodarona &#40;Cordarone&#174;&#41;Flecainida &#40;Apocard&#174;&#41;Propafenona &#40;Rythmonorm&#174;&#41;Sotalol &#40;Darob&#174;&#41;Adrenalina &#40;Epipen&#174;&#41;Ranolazina &#40;Ranexa&#174;&#41;Outros antiarr&#237;tmicos que aumentam o QT &#40;n&#227;o vendidos em farm&#225;cia de ambulat&#243;rio&#41;&#58; quinidina&#44; procainamida&#44; disopiramida&#44; dofetilide&#44; ibutilide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Alfuzosina &#40;Benestan&#174;&#41;TacrolimusOndansetron&#44; granisetron&#44; dolasetronDomperidona &#40;Motilium&#174;&#44; Cinet&#174;&#41;Antirretrov&#237;ricos &#40;alguns&#41;&#58; lopinavir&#44; nelfinavir&#44; saquinavir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Perspetivas em Cardiologia
Novas perspetivas para a abordagem dos efeitos cardiovasculares dos inibidores da tirosinacinase em doentes com leucemia mieloide crónica
New prospects for the management of cardiovascular effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Ana G. Almeidaa,
Autor para correspondência
anagalmeida@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, António Almeidab, Teresa Meloc, Lurdes Guerrad, Luís Lopese, Patrícia Ribeirof, Marta Duarteg, Alexandra Motah, Ricardo Fontes‐Carvalhoi
a Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (CHLN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa e Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
b Serviço de Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa (IPOL FG), Lisboa, Portugal
c Serviço de Hematologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
d Serviço de Hematologia, Assistente Hospitalar Senior de Hematologia, Lisboa, Portugal
e Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Centre, University College Hospital, Londres, Inglaterra; Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Lisboa, Portugal
f Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Hospital dos Capuchos (CHLC), Lisboa, Portugal
g Serviço de Hematologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
h Serviço de Hematologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
i Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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de um modo geral&#44; as altera&#231;&#245;es do intervalo QT poder&#227;o potencialmente ocorrer em associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica com ITCs&#44; como descrito adiante para cada um dos f&#225;rmacos dessa classe&#46; Como recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais para todos os ITCs&#44; antes do in&#237;cio do tratamento dever&#225; ser avaliado o intervalo QT atrav&#233;s do eletrocardiograma e ap&#243;s o seu in&#237;cio esse dever&#225; ser monitorado regularmente&#46; Como n&#227;o h&#225; dados espec&#237;ficos&#44; sugerimos a realiza&#231;&#227;o de ECG aos tr&#234;s meses e aos 12 meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; devem ser despistadas altera&#231;&#245;es eletrol&#237;ticas&#44; como a hipomagnesiemia e a hipocaliemia&#44; que podem aumentar o risco de arritmias&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Imatinib</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao imatinib&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41; foi descrita em estudos iniciais&#44; n&#227;o controlados&#46; Num estudo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#44; o imatinib afetou o potencial de membrana mitocondrial e a ultraestrutura celular&#44; induzindo apoptose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Estudos posteriores&#44; que envolveram popula&#231;&#245;es de maior dimens&#227;o&#44; e an&#225;lises de bases de dados multic&#234;ntricas n&#227;o demonstraram aumento da incid&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; apenas foram registadas a incid&#234;ncia esperada para o grupo et&#225;rio e comorbilidades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Numa revis&#227;o de 1276 doentes&#44; a grande maioria daqueles que desenvolveram IC j&#225; tinha fatores de risco para IC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9593"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Outro efeito associado ao imatininb &#233; a reten&#231;&#227;o hidro&#8208;salina&#44; que &#233; clinicamente ligeira&#44; sendo os eventos graves como o derrame pleural de ocorr&#234;ncia rara&#46; Entre as recomenda&#231;&#245;es para os doentes tratados com imatinib encontram&#8208;se a monitora&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em doentes com cardiopatia pr&#233;via&#44; que dever&#225; ser efetuada atrav&#233;s de seguimento em consulta de cardiologia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Dasatinib</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que respeita ao dasatinib&#44; esse pode&#8208;se associar ao desenvolvimento de derrame pleural ou peric&#225;rdico&#44; que ocorrem em cerca de 20&#37; dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#46; Para os doentes em risco de desenvolver derrame pleural&#44; nomeadamente com hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a pulmonar ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva&#44; torna&#8208;se necess&#225;rio ponderar outro ITC&#46; A hipertens&#227;o pulmonar &#40;HTP&#41; &#233; tamb&#233;m uma complica&#231;&#227;o que pode ocorrer com o dasatinib&#44; pode ocorrer em 0&#44;35&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#44; pelo que nos doentes com HTP pr&#233;&#8208;existente podem ser considerados para ITCs opcionais&#46; Raramente&#44; em &#60; 1&#37; dos casos&#44; pode tamb&#233;m ocorrer prolongamento do intervalo QT nos doentes tratados com dasatinib&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Nilotinib</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre os efeitos colaterais do nilotinib foi tamb&#233;m descrito o prolongamento do intervalo QT em alguns estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; em nenhum dos estudos publicados se verificou o aumento do intervalo QT corrigido para &#62; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; revelou&#8208;se que a seguran&#231;a do nilotinib &#233; a esse respeito elevada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Tal como supracitado&#44; recomenda&#8208;se tamb&#233;m a monitora&#231;&#227;o basal e no seguimento do ECG&#44; assim como a aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; administra&#231;&#227;o de antiarr&#237;tmicos ou outros f&#225;rmacos que prolonguem o intervalo QT e a corre&#231;&#227;o da hipomagnesemia e da hipocaliemia&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma das toxicidades cardiovasculares mais debatidas dos ITCs de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o os eventos tromb&#243;ticos arteriais&#46; Uma an&#225;lise do registo oncol&#243;gico sueco revelou que a LMC por si aumenta a frequ&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; nilotinib e dasatinib&#44; est&#227;o associados a uma maior incid&#234;ncia desses eventos quando comparados com imatinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Essa observa&#231;&#227;o est&#225; confirmada na an&#225;lise comparativa dos eventos CV observados nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#44; nos quais esses ITC foram comparados com imatinib&#46; Neste estudo verificou&#8208;se uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos tromb&#243;ticos arteriais de 5&#37; com dasatinib comparados com 2&#37; com imatinib e de 15&#44;9&#37; e 10&#37; com as doses de 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg de nilotinib&#44; respetivamente&#44; comparados com 2&#44;5&#37; com imatinib&#46; Esses eventos s&#227;o ainda mais frequentes com ponatinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; atingem uma incid&#234;ncia de 17&#44;5&#37;&#46; Nesse contexto &#233; particularmente importante referir que&#44; apesar de mais frequente com ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; a mortalidade associada a eventos tromb&#243;ticos nos bra&#231;os de ITC de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o nos ensaios acima referidos n&#227;o &#233; superior &#224;quela observada no bra&#231;o dos doentes tratados com imatinib&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a mortalidade causada pela progress&#227;o de LMC &#233; superior nos doentes tratados com imatinib do que naqueles tratados com dasatinib ou nilotinib&#44; o que refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da efic&#225;cia antileuc&#233;mica nesses doentes&#46; Estudos retrospetivos multic&#234;ntricos de grande dimens&#227;o encontraram como fatores de risco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a vasculo&#8208;arterial perif&#233;rica a idade mais avan&#231;ada&#44; o tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas como a hipercolesterolemia ou a diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; Numa an&#225;lise que incluiu dados dos ensaios IRIS&#44; TOPS&#44; e ENESTnd&#44; 92&#37; dos doentes que vieram a manifestar doen&#231;a vasculo&#8208;arterial perif&#233;rica tinham fatores de risco cardiovasculares&#44; como diabetes&#44; dislipidemia&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; idade avan&#231;ada e tabagismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; No ensaio ENESTnd&#44; em cerca de 85&#37; dos casos de s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda havia pelo menos um fator de risco de aterosclerose pr&#233;vio &#224; terap&#234;utica&#46; Outro estudo revelou uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa de acidentes isqu&#233;micos com os n&#237;veis de colesterol e com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enquanto os efeitos metab&#243;licos conhecidos do nilotinib&#44; potenciados na presen&#231;a de hiperglicemia e hipercolesterolemia&#44; podem aumentar a frequ&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares&#44; devemos considerar que a popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com LMC&#44; com uma m&#233;dia de 67 anos&#44; pertence a um grupo et&#225;rio no qual a probabilidade de acidentes isqu&#233;micos &#233; j&#225; importante&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; pela pr&#243;pria idade&#44; mas pela agrega&#231;&#227;o de fatores de risco&#46; Por esses motivos tem sido discutido se os casos de acidentes isqu&#233;micos fazem parte da hist&#243;ria natural dos doentes ou s&#227;o secund&#225;rios &#224; terap&#234;utica com nilotinib<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; O nilotinib poder&#225;&#44; por outro lado&#44; atuar aditivamente a fatores de risco cardiovasculares estabelecidos ou outras comorbilidades&#44; por efeitos vasculares diretos &#40;intera&#231;&#227;o com o dom&#237;nio do recetor 1 de discoidina &#91;DDR1&#93;&#41; ou pelos efeitos metab&#243;licos no n&#237;vel da glicemia e colesterolemia&#44; todos contribuem para a doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica oclusiva&#46; &#201; tamb&#233;m levantada a quest&#227;o da poss&#237;vel subestimativa da doen&#231;a vascular que poder&#225; j&#225; existir em fase pr&#233;&#8208;cl&#237;nica antes do in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; Brescia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> avaliaram retrospetivamente uma s&#233;rie de doentes com LMC tratados com nilotinib&#46; Aplicando o algoritmo de risco de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca ateroscler&#243;tica da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; na sua vers&#227;o para os pa&#237;ses europeus de baixo risco de que faz parte Portugal&#44; classificaram&#8208;se em graus de risco de eventos os doentes na fase pr&#233;&#8208;tratamento &#40;e de seguimento&#41; com nilotinib &#8211; baixo &#40;&#60; 1&#37;&#41;&#44; moderado &#40;1&#8208;5&#37;&#41;&#44; elevado &#40;5&#8208;10&#37;&#41; e muito elevado &#40;&#62; 10&#37;&#41; &#8211; tendo em conta as vari&#225;veis propostas &#40;idade&#44; sexo&#44; colesterol&#44; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; tabagismo&#44; diabetes&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; obesidade&#44; doen&#231;a cardiovascular pr&#233;via&#41;&#46; Os autores encontraram uma incid&#234;ncia de 8&#44;5&#37; de acidentes isqu&#233;micos aos 48 meses de seguimento&#46; As v&#225;rias categorias de risco associaram&#8208;se a graus crescentes de incid&#234;ncia de eventos isqu&#233;micos&#44; que foi nula para o grupo de baixo risco&#46; Este trabalho sugere a necessidade de dete&#231;&#227;o precoce e ao longo do tratamento dos fatores de risco de aterosclerose de forma a evitar os eventos isqu&#233;micos&#46; Especificamente&#44; em cada consulta o doente deve ser questionado relativamente a sintomas de angina e de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que diz respeito ao efeito do nilotinib&#44; e tamb&#233;m do dasatinib e do imatinib&#44; na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; a maioria dos estudos excluiu os doentes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular pr&#233;via e outros n&#227;o efetuaram um estudo sistem&#225;tico dirigido &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o&#44; nomeadamente recorreram &#224; ecocardiografia sistem&#225;tica&#46; N&#227;o h&#225; assim de momento informa&#231;&#227;o dispon&#237;vel que sugira que os ITCs afetem de forma significativa a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular&#44; avaliada pela fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o&#46; Um estudo encontrou altera&#231;&#245;es da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica&#44; o que pode sugerir altera&#231;&#245;es mais subtis no n&#237;vel da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Na atualidade&#44; n&#227;o existe evid&#234;ncia suficiente que demonstra que a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular seja afetada significativamente&#44; o que estudos futuros dever&#227;o explorar&#44; nomeadamente se inclu&#237;rem &#237;ndices mais sens&#237;veis de fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Bosutinib</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente ao bosutinib&#44; a maioria dos estudos publicados n&#227;o demonstrou aumento da incid&#234;ncia dos eventos cardiovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; o bosutinib inibe vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o que tamb&#233;m s&#227;o inibidas pelo ponatinib&#44; como as c&#237;nases da fam&#237;lia SRC&#44; pelo que at&#233; o completo esclarecimento dos mecanismos etiopatog&#233;nicos da toxicidade CV dos ITCs os hipot&#233;ticos eventos cardiovasculares associados com o bosutinib devem ser monitorados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#46;</span> Relativamente ao efeito sobre o intervalo QTc&#44; a maioria dos estudos n&#227;o encontrou aumento da sua dura&#231;&#227;o&#59; num estudo de 288 doentes com LMC&#44; observou&#8208;se um prolongamento pouco significativo em dois doentes &#40;um &#62; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ms&#44; outro aumento &#62; 60ms&#41;&#44; o que sugere um perfil seguro para o f&#225;rmaco&#44; mas confirma a necessidade de avalia&#231;&#227;o e monitora&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Ponatinib</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora existam ainda poucos estudos publicados&#44; o ponatinib parece estar associado a risco significativo de eventos cardiovasculares&#44; sobretudo arteriais &#40;doen&#231;a arterial oclusiva em 20&#37;&#41;&#44; mas tamb&#233;m venosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a HTA &#233; um efeito lateral frequentemente associado ao ponatinib&#44; pelo que deve ser assegurado o seu controlo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sugest&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o e monitora&#231;&#227;o do risco CV em doentes com LMC sob tratamento com ITCs</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo em conta a informa&#231;&#227;o atualmente dispon&#237;vel&#44; propomos o algoritmo em anexo como sugest&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0050">Anexos 1 e 2</a>&#41; e seguimento dos doentes tratados com ITCs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tabelas 1&#44; 2&#44; 3 e 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Independentemente das comorbilidades do doente&#44; n&#227;o existem contraindica&#231;&#245;es absolutas para qualquer um dos ITCs&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo ser&#225; estabelecer um equil&#237;brio&#44; tentar obter a m&#225;xima efic&#225;cia com menor perfil de toxicidade&#46; Todavia&#44; como a efic&#225;cia antileuc&#233;mica &#233; a principal preocupa&#231;&#227;o na doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada&#44; o perfil de toxicidade poder&#225; passar para segundo plano&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos doentes de muito alto risco CV com LMC em fase cr&#243;nica rec&#233;m&#8208;diagnosticada&#44; o imatinib e dasatinib s&#227;o atualmente as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas preferenciais&#46; Nesse grupo de doentes&#44; o nilotinib n&#227;o est&#225; recomendado e estar&#225; indicado s&#243; ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o criteriosa dos factores de risco CV&#44; gravidade e benef&#237;cio terap&#234;utico expect&#225;vel com esse ITC&#46; Nos doentes com risco CV ligeiro e moderado&#44; qualquer um dos ITCs pode ser prescrito&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em doentes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica previamente diagnosticada o ponatinib n&#227;o deve ser usado&#46; Perante doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica grave pr&#233;via&#44; o nilotinib n&#227;o est&#225; recomendado&#44; apesar de poder ser institu&#237;do nos casos de doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica ligeira a moderada&#44; ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o dos riscos e benef&#237;cios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O uso dos inibidores da tirosina c&#237;nase &#40;ITC&#41; para o tratamento da leucemia mieloide cr&#243;nica alterou significativamente o progn&#243;stico dessa doen&#231;a e permitiu uma esperan&#231;a de vida praticamente normal&#46; Apesar dos seus ineg&#225;veis benef&#237;cios&#44; o uso dos ITC est&#225; associado a um aumento do risco de efeitos colaterais sobre o sistema cardiovascular&#44; nomeadamente no risco de eventos aterotromb&#243;ticos&#46; Torna&#8208;se por isso necess&#225;rio conhecer e prevenir os efeitos adversos desses f&#225;rmacos de modo a permitir a continua&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica antileuc&#233;mica e minimizar a toxidade para os doentes&#46; Este documento multidisciplinar&#44; elaborado atrav&#233;s de uma colabora&#231;&#227;o entre hematologistas e cardiologistas de v&#225;rios servi&#231;os hospitalares portugueses&#44; tem por objetivo rever a toxidade cardiovascular associada aos v&#225;rios ITCs e estabelecer sugest&#245;es para o seguimento desses doentes&#46; S&#227;o ainda propostas medidas para a avalia&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular desses doentes&#44; crit&#233;rios de referencia&#231;&#227;o e discutidas intera&#231;&#245;es medicamentosas relevantes&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors &#40;TKIs&#41; for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has significantly altered the prognosis of this disease&#44; enabling close to normal life expectancy&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Despite their undeniable benefits&#44; the use of TKIs is associated with an increased risk of side effects on the cardiovascular system&#44; particularly of atherothrombotic events&#46; It is therefore necessary to understand and prevent the adverse effects of these drugs&#44; in order to enable antileukemic therapy to continue and to minimize patients&#8217; toxic exposure&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This multidisciplinary consensus document&#44; developed through a collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists&#44; aims to review the cardiovascular toxicity associated with various TKIs and to establish recommendations for the follow&#8208;up of these patients&#46; Measures are also proposed for the assessment and reduction of cardiovascular risk in these patients and referral criteria&#44; and relevant drug interactions are discussed&#46;</p></span>"
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            "etiqueta" => "Anexo 1"
            "titulo" => "Avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global segundo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span> da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>"
            "identificador" => "sec0050"
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                "apendice" => "<p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="201911281009402482"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
                "etiqueta" => "Anexo 2"
                "titulo" => "Algoritmo da DGS para avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global segundo o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span> da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia &#40;Norma da DGS&#44; N&#176; 005&#47;2013&#44; publicada em 19&#47;3&#47;2013&#44; com atualiza&#231;&#227;o em 21&#47;01&#47;2015&#41;"
                "identificador" => "sec0055"
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            ]
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        ]
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Explicar por baixo da tabela as diferen&#231;as entre as cruzes &#8220;X&#8221; e &#8220;x&#8221;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42; Aconselh&#225;vel&#44; seguindo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da FDA&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42; At&#233; estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hematol&#243;gica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 dias&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow&#8208;up&#40;cada 6 M&#41;&#42;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o clinicaBasal&#58; doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica&#44; cerebrovascular ou card&#237;aca pr&#233;viaBasal e seguimento&#58; sintomas de angina&#44; claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o e tratamento dos fatores de risco CV&#58;HTA&#44; Dislipidemia&#44; DM2&#44; Tabagismo&#44; Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;lculo do risco cardiovascularGlobal &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HeartScore</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal&#40;creatinina plasm&#225;tica e c&#225;lculo do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clearance</span> da creatinina&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Um doente com insufici&#234;ncia renal &#233; consideradode alto risco CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eletrocardiograma &#40;ECG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar especificamente o intervalo QTcAvaliar tamb&#233;m se h&#225; sinais de enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da glicemia&#44; HbA1c eperfil lip&#237;dico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A considerar&#44; apesar de n&#227;o haver evid&#234;ncia de agravamento da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda com os ITCs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2171169.png"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para a avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial e seguimento dos doentes sob terap&#234;utica com ITCs</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;De acordo com o modelo SCORE da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia e as Normas da Dire&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de &#40;ver Anexos 1 e 2&#41;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O c&#225;lculo do risco cardiovascular global &#233; estimado com base no risco de eventos cardiovasculares no seguimento a 10 anos</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Risco CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo &#40;&#60; 1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global &#60; 1&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para ado&#231;&#227;o de estilo de vida saud&#225;vel&#40;alimenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; exerc&#237;cio&#44; cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interm&#233;dio &#40;&#62; 1&#37; e &#60; 5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global 1&#8208;5&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco&#8208; Pesquisar sintomas&#47;sinais de doen&#231;a CV &#40;coron&#225;ria&#44; cerebral&#44; arterial perif&#233;rica&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alto &#40;&#62; 5&#37; e &#60; 10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CVmasrisco global 5&#8208;10&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco &#8211; Apoio de especialista&#8208; Pesquisa de evid&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica de doen&#231;a vascular &#40;coron&#225;ria&#44; cerebral&#44; perif&#233;rica&#41;&#8208; Considerar a introdu&#231;&#227;o de estatina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Muito alto &#40;&#62;&#61; 10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a CV&#40;atual ou pr&#233;via&#41;ourisco global &#62; 10&#37; baseado no SCORE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8208; Corre&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco&#8208; Tratamento da doen&#231;a CV&#8208; Considerar apoio da consulta de cardiologia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Classifica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular global e respetivas recomenda&#231;&#245;es para cada categoria de risco&#42;</p>"
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      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fator de risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo farmacol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&#225;rmacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dislipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estatinas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PravastatinaPitavastatinaAtorvastatinaRosuvastatina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pravastatina e pitavastatina n&#227;o interferem com o citocromo P450Vigiar os valores de CKSinvastatina e lovastatina dever&#227;o ser evitadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina &#40;IECAs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EnalaprilLisinoprilRamiprilPerindoprilOutros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar os n&#237;veis de pot&#225;ssio e fun&#231;&#227;o renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antagonistas dos recetores da angiotensina &#40;ARAs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CandesartanIrbesartanOutros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar os n&#237;veis de pot&#225;ssio e fun&#231;&#227;o renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueadores&#8208;beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BisoprololCarvedilolNebivolol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;FC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antagonistas dos canais de c&#225;lcio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NifedipinaAmlodipinaDiltiazemVerapamil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vigiar a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nos doentes medicados com diltiazem ou verapamil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diur&#233;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TiazidasIndapamida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Controlar ionograma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antidiab&#233;ticos orais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Metformina &#40;recomendada como tratamento inicial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2171170.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">F&#225;rmacos que podem ser usados em associa&#231;&#227;o com ITCs para o controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os f&#225;rmacos dessa tabela podem aumentar o intervalo QTc<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a>&#46; As decis&#245;es quanto ao uso de f&#225;rmacos que prolonguem o intervalo QT devem ser tomadas com base numa an&#225;lise de risco&#8208;benef&#237;cio&#46; Se poss&#237;vel devem ser usados f&#225;rmacos opcionais&#46; Em caso de necessidade de uso desses f&#225;rmacos deve ser feita monitora&#231;&#227;o regular do intervalo QTc por eletrocardiograma&#46; Baseado em Nielsen et al&#46; e em Li et al&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nota&#58; Dentro de cada categoria&#44; os f&#225;rmacos s&#227;o mostrados por ordem alfab&#233;tica&#59; foram inclu&#237;dos os nomes comerciais dos f&#225;rmacos vendidos em ambulat&#243;rio em Portugal&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anti&#8208;infecciosos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Doen&#231;as neuropsiqui&#225;tricas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Diversos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Amiodarona &#40;Cordarone&#174;&#41;Flecainida &#40;Apocard&#174;&#41;Propafenona &#40;Rythmonorm&#174;&#41;Sotalol &#40;Darob&#174;&#41;Adrenalina &#40;Epipen&#174;&#41;Ranolazina &#40;Ranexa&#174;&#41;Outros antiarr&#237;tmicos que aumentam o QT &#40;n&#227;o vendidos em farm&#225;cia de ambulat&#243;rio&#41;&#58; quinidina&#44; procainamida&#44; disopiramida&#44; dofetilide&#44; ibutilide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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