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tem sido alvo de acesa controv&#233;rsia relativamente ao seu significado progn&#243;stico comparativamente a indiv&#237;duos com normotens&#227;o &#40;NT&#41; ou com hipertens&#227;o sustentada &#40;HT&#41;&#46; Em v&#225;rios estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;15</span></a>&#44; a HBB associou&#8208;se a baixa preval&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas e de les&#227;o dos &#243;rg&#227;os&#8208;alvo comparativamente a doentes com HT&#46; Por contraste&#44; outros estudos documentaram maiores altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais e funcionais dos &#243;rg&#227;os&#8208;alvo na HBB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#8211;24</span></a>&#44; por compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41;&#46; Uma poss&#237;vel maior tend&#234;ncia dos indiv&#237;duos com HBB para desenvolverem mais tarde HT foi referida por alguns<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> mas n&#227;o por outros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; Em estudos longitudinais&#44; a HBB associou&#8208;se a menor mortalidade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> e menor incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares do que a popula&#231;&#227;o com HT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;31</span></a>&#44; a qual num outro estudo n&#227;o diferiu da dos NTs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Por contraste&#44; em dois estudos longitudinais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> observou&#8208;se uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos na HBB semelhante &#224; dos doentes com HT e que foi superior &#224; dos indiv&#237;duos com NT&#46; Contudo&#44; num destes estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#44; muitos doentes com HBB eram diab&#233;ticos e previamente tratados com anti&#8208;hipertensores&#44; o que n&#227;o corresponde &#224; habitual defini&#231;&#227;o de HBB&#44; enquanto noutro estudo&#44; a idade mais elevada dos hipertensos da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controlos poder&#225; explicar o risco mais elevado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46; Estes resultados aparentemente contradit&#243;rios poder&#227;o explicar&#8208;se por diferen&#231;as nas popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas e nos crit&#233;rios utilizados no diagn&#243;stico da HBB&#46; Dois aspetos t&#234;m estado ausentes na abordagem da quest&#227;o do risco da HBB&#46; O primeiro tem a ver com o facto de os valores da PA noturna n&#227;o terem&#44; at&#233; agora&#44; entrado nos crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico da HBB&#46; Este facto pode ser importante&#44; visto que de todos os valores tensionais &#233; a PA noturna aquela que apresenta o maior valor preditivo de risco CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;34</span></a>&#46; &#201; assim poss&#237;vel que indiv&#237;duos com id&#234;ntica PA diurna possam apresentar diferentes valores da PA noturna com importante influ&#234;ncia no risco CV&#46; O segundo relaciona&#8208;se com a possibilidade de ocorrerem diferen&#231;as entre NT&#44; HBB e HT ao n&#237;vel da press&#227;o a&#243;rtica e onda de press&#227;o central e da reflex&#227;o das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas&#44; independentemente dos valores da PA casual e diurna usadas no diagn&#243;stico de HBB&#46; V&#225;rios estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a> demostraram que o aumento da press&#227;o diferencial &#40;PP&#41; e da rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; bem como a reflex&#227;o precoce das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas&#44; associam&#8208;se de forma independente ao aumento do risco cardiovascular igualmente independente da PA perif&#233;rica&#46; Assim&#44; o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; a press&#227;o central e as ondas refletidas em indiv&#237;duos com NT&#44; HBB e HT tratados&#44; mas emparelhados para idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e particularmente para a PA noturna&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica do Hospital Pedro Hispano&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o alvo deste estudo descritivo&#44; transversal e retrospetivo&#44; foi a integrante das bases de dados da unidade de hipertens&#227;o da ULS Matosinhos&#44; que corresponde ao registo de todos os indiv&#237;duos que&#44; entre 1999&#8208;2014&#44; foram submetidos a MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e a quem simultaneamente foi executada a avalia&#231;&#227;o da velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;&#91;VOP&#93;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complior</span>&#41; e a an&#225;lise da curva de press&#227;o central pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sphygmocor</span>&#46; A base de dados compreendia&#44; em 2014&#44; cerca de 19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 registos de MAPA&#44; cerca de 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 determina&#231;&#245;es de VOP e cerca de 6000 registos da curva de press&#227;o central&#46; Para o presente estudo s&#243; foram considerados registos de indiv&#237;duos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 anos que no momento dos exames apresentavam fun&#231;&#227;o renal normal &#40;creatinemia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; sem diabetes e sem hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de eventos cardiovasculares&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sele&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os indiv&#237;duos a incluir no presente estudo foram classificados no momento de realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA e da VOP em NTs&#44; HBBs e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos NTs eram os que apresentavam PA no consult&#243;rio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140&#47;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg em tr&#234;s medi&#231;&#245;es&#44; que foram recrutados ao longo dos anos do pessoal hospitalar e seus familiares&#44; sendo considerados saud&#225;veis ap&#243;s exame cl&#237;nico&#44; sem doen&#231;a conhecida e sem hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de medica&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e que na MAPA a que foram submetidos&#44; numa l&#243;gica de voluntariado&#44; apresentavam valores da PA diurna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Consideraram&#8208;se como HBBs os indiv&#237;duos com PA casual<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140 ou<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg confirmada em tr&#234;s momentos diferentes&#44; na aus&#234;ncia de terap&#234;utica e com PA diurna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Consideraram&#8208;se como HTs os indiv&#237;duos com pr&#233;vio diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o essencial&#44; encontrando&#8208;se medicados h&#225; pelo menos seis meses no momento da realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; De entre os registos de MAPA&#44; selecionados segundo estes crit&#233;rios&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos somente os indiv&#237;duos com valores m&#233;dios das 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h na MAPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e com PA noturna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a 120&#47;70 &#40;o que significa que na popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa apenas foram considerados indiv&#237;duos adequadamente controlados pela terap&#234;utica&#41;&#46; A partir da&#237;&#44; os registos individuais foram introduzidos numa matriz de aleatoriza&#231;&#227;o de quatro entradas&#44; de forma a permitir uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o e emparelhamento dos v&#225;rios grupos&#46; Na entrada da matriz&#44; a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos em cada c&#233;lula de estratifica&#231;&#227;o foi de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>x<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44; i&#46;e&#46; para cada NTs&#44; entravam dois HBBs e quatro HTs&#46; Todos os indiv&#237;duos foram divididos em dois grupos&#58; A&#41; com PA sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e B&#41; com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h compreendida entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em ambos os grupos A e B&#44; procedeu&#8208;se a distribui&#231;&#227;o estratificada nas quatro entradas da matriz por&#58; grupo &#40;NT&#44; HBB e HT&#41;&#44; g&#233;nero &#40;dois grupos&#44; masculino e feminino&#41;&#44; idade &#40;tr&#234;s grupos&#58; 25&#8208;40 anos&#44; 41&#8208;65 anos e 65&#8208;80 anos&#41; e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;&#91;IMC&#93; tr&#234;s grupos&#58; 20&#8208;24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 25&#8208;a 29&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> e 30&#8208;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; No final&#44; ap&#243;s este processo de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram finalmente selecionados 175 indiv&#237;duos com NT&#44; 315 indiv&#237;duos com HBB e 691 doentes com HT&#46; A despropor&#231;&#227;o num&#233;rica entre os grupos &#40;NT&#44; HBB e HT&#41; reflete a diferente express&#227;o quantitativa destes na base de dados &#40;maior numero de HT que HBB e que NT&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; o m&#233;todo de emparelhamento usado pretendeu minimizar um poss&#237;vel <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bias</span> de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; que inevitavelmente ocorreria se&#44; nos HBBs e HTs&#44; se escolhesse uma dimens&#227;o amostral id&#234;ntica &#224; do grupo &#40;NT&#41; com menor representatividade num&#233;rica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">PA casual e MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#58;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A press&#227;o casual foi avaliada segundo as orienta&#231;&#245;es da OMS&#44; com aparelho validado &#40;Omrom HEM 705&#8208;CP&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Omron Inc</span>&#44; Vernon&#44; IL&#41;&#44; pela m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s registos com o doente sentado antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA&#44; sendo este o valor considerado para o presente estudo&#46; Todos estes indiv&#237;duos foram submetidos a um registo da PA ambulat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpaceLabs</span> 90207&#41; durante um dia normal de trabalho &#40;20&#47;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min durante o dia&#44; 30&#47;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min durante a noite&#41;&#44; utilizando&#8208;se para c&#225;lculo da PA diurna e noturna os hor&#225;rios definidos pelo doente no di&#225;rio &#40;deitar e levantar&#41;&#46; Apenas se consideraram registos com<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85&#37; de medi&#231;&#245;es v&#225;lidas&#46; Em cada registo de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h procedeu&#8208;se ao c&#225;lculo da FC e da PA m&#233;dia de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; diurna&#44; noturna e descida percentual noturna&#44; tal como descrito em outras publica&#231;&#245;es do grupo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#46; Os per&#237;odos diurno e noturno foram os resultantes dos di&#225;rios dos indiv&#237;duos avaliados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">&#205;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;AASI&#41; &#233; considerado um &#237;ndice de rigidez arterial com significado progn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46; &#201; um &#237;ndice derivado dos valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria&#44; sendo calculado por &#40;1&#8211;&#91;declive dos valores da press&#227;o diast&#243;lica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> valores da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica das 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Velocidade da onda de pulso</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O valor da VOP car&#243;tido&#8208;femoral &#40;como &#237;ndice de distensibilidade a&#243;rtica&#41; foi determinado em todos os indiv&#237;duos&#44; com o sistema automatizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complior</span> &#40;COLSON&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Garges les Gonesse</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">France</span>&#41;&#44; segundo a t&#233;cnica anteriormente descrita<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;27&#44;37&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Onda de press&#227;o central</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A curva da onda de PA a&#243;rtica obteve&#8208;se por deriva&#231;&#227;o&#44; segundo fun&#231;&#227;o previamente validada&#44; das ondas de PA radial e carot&#237;dea&#44; medidas diretamente por tonometria de aplana&#231;&#227;o com o sistema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sphygmocor</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atcor Medical</span>&#44; Sidney&#44; Austr&#225;lia&#41;&#44; tal como anteriormente descrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m do c&#225;lculo da PP perif&#233;rica braquial &#40;PPp&#41;&#44; calculou&#8208;se na onda de PA a&#243;rtica&#44; obtida por deriva&#231;&#227;o e ap&#243;s calibra&#231;&#227;o com a PA braquial&#44; a PAS e a PP central &#40;PPc&#41;&#44; a PA no ponto de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">inc</span> na 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#170; incisura da fase sist&#243;lica da curva&#41;&#44; a press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#916;P&#41; acrescentada &#224; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">inc</span> &#40;que se atribui &#224; proje&#231;&#227;o na curva de PA das ondas de press&#227;o refletidas&#41;&#46; Calculou&#8208;se tamb&#233;m o tempo de demora &#40;&#916;Tp&#41; da proje&#231;&#227;o das ondas refletidas &#40;decorrido entre o in&#237;cio da s&#237;stole at&#233; ao ponto de aumenta&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o total da eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;LVED&#41; e o &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;AIx&#44; em &#37;&#41; ajustado para a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 75&#47;min&#44; calculado pela rela&#231;&#227;o &#916;P&#47;PP na curva de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica&#44; como indicador do efeito das ondas refletidas sobre as art&#233;rias centrais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o expressos em m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#46; A an&#225;lise comparativa dos dados entre os v&#225;rios grupos processou&#8208;se primariamente por an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;ANOVA&#41; para medi&#231;&#245;es repetidas&#44; seguida de an&#225;lise <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pos&#8208;hoc</span> de compara&#231;&#245;es m&#250;ltiplas com teste de Tukey na determina&#231;&#227;o do significado das diferen&#231;as entre pares de grupos&#46; Em todos os casos&#44; considerou&#8208;se estatisticamente significativo sempre que P foi inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No final da sele&#231;&#227;o e estratifica&#231;&#227;o foram escolhidos 175 indiv&#237;duos com NT&#44; 315 indiv&#237;duos com HBB e 691 doentes com HT&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a> mostra os dados comparativos entre os tr&#234;s grupos&#46; Em fun&#231;&#227;o do emparelhamento efetuado&#44; os tr&#234;s grupos n&#227;o foram diferentes na idade&#44; no g&#233;nero&#44; no IMC&#44; na LDL&#8208;C&#44; nem nos valores da PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e noturna&#46; Como esperado&#44; os NTs apresentaram valores da PA casual inferiores aos restantes grupos&#46; O grupo de HTs apresentou valores mais elevados dos dois &#237;ndices de rigidez arterial &#40;VOP e AASI&#41; que n&#227;o foram diferentes entre os NTs e HBBs&#46; Relativamente aos par&#226;metros avaliados na onda de press&#227;o central&#44; o grupo de HTs apresentou relativamente aos NTs e HBBs valores mais elevados da PPc&#44; dos AIx e da &#916;P&#44; valores mais baixos da amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP e maior percentagem de doentes com microalbumin&#250;ria&#46; Todos estes par&#226;metros n&#227;o foram significativamente diferentes entre os NTs e HBBs&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a> mostra a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos valores da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PAS noturna dos tr&#234;s grupos&#46; Fruto dos limites considerados na sele&#231;&#227;o dos grupos&#44; observou&#8208;se uma distribui&#231;&#227;o uniforme &#171;gaussiana&#187; nos NTs&#44; mas n&#227;o nos HBBs e HTs&#44; apesar dos valores m&#233;dios observados nos tr&#234;s grupos n&#227;o diferirem entre si&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a> mostra os valores da VOP e do AASI nos tr&#234;s grupos divididos pelos limites da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; os mais baixos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; e mais elevados &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#46; Como se observa&#44; nos tr&#234;s grupos &#40;NTs&#44; HBBs e HTs&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de valores significativamente mais elevados nos HTs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> NTs e HBBs manteve&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com PAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; tal como ocorreu na popula&#231;&#227;o globalmente avaliada na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a> mostra os valores do AIx e da &#916;P nos tr&#234;s grupos divididos pelos limites da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h mais baixos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; e mais elevados &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#46; De forma id&#234;ntica &#224; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#44; nos tr&#234;s grupos &#40;NTs&#44; HBBs e HTs&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de valores significativamente mais elevados nos HTs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> NTs e HBBs manteve&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com PAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; tal como ocorreu na popula&#231;&#227;o globalmente avaliada&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo avaliou as press&#245;es centrais e a rigidez arterial de uma popula&#231;&#227;o de HBBs comparativamente a popula&#231;&#245;es de NTs e HTs controlados&#46; Estas popula&#231;&#245;es foram rigorosamente emparelhadas para vari&#225;veis como g&#233;nero&#44; idade&#44; IMC e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria&#46; Dentro destes requisitos verificamos que&#44; quer os &#237;ndices de rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;VOP e AASI&#41;&#44; quer a press&#227;o a&#243;rtica central e as ondas refletidas da periferia dos HBB&#44; n&#227;o diferem dos NTs&#44; sendo por&#233;m significativamente inferiores aos dos HTs&#46; A HBB ocorre frequentemente nas consultas m&#233;dicas&#44; com uma preval&#234;ncia superior a 20&#37; na popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa de consult&#243;rio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; com base em estudos cl&#237;nicos e meta&#8208;an&#225;lises&#44; existe uma acentuada controv&#233;rsia se a HBB comporta um progn&#243;stico benigno<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;9&#8211;15&#44;26&#8211;29&#44;31</span></a> ou se&#44; pelo contr&#225;rio&#44; se associa a um risco cardiovascular relativamente elevado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;20&#44;22&#8211;25&#44;32&#44;33</span></a>&#44; sobretudo por compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o normotensa e hipertensa sustentada&#46; Uma vez que as meta&#8208;an&#225;lises<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;44</span></a> que re&#250;nem a maioria dos estudos comparativos da MAPA com a PA causal provam que o valor progn&#243;stico da MAPA &#233; superior ao da PA de consult&#243;rio&#44; pelo menos teoricamente&#44; esperar&#8208;se&#8208;ia que a HBB&#44; ao apresentar valores normais de MAPA&#44; se associasse a um progn&#243;stico relativamente benigno&#46; Uma das principais raz&#245;es para a exist&#234;ncia de resultados contradit&#243;rios reside na heterogeneidade das popula&#231;&#245;es de HBB e na presen&#231;a de fatores determinantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a>&#44; quer do efeito de bata branca&#44; quer do risco cardiovascular&#44; tais como idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC&#44; diabetes&#44; etc&#46; Assim&#44; com o objetivo de tentarmos minimizar a influ&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as nestas vari&#225;veis no processo comparativo&#44; optamos por um emparelhamento t&#227;o rigoroso quanto poss&#237;vel das vari&#225;veis idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria na compara&#231;&#227;o entre HBBs com NTs e HTs&#46; No presente estudo&#44; tamb&#233;m os valores de LDL&#8208;C n&#227;o foram diferentes entre os tr&#234;s grupos&#44; embora n&#227;o possamos excluir que tal possa ter sido influenciado por diferente percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de agentes hipolipemiantes nos tr&#234;s grupos&#46; No nosso conhecimento&#44; apenas um estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> avaliou as ondas refletidas em indiv&#237;duos com HBB&#44; mas sem que houvesse um emparelhamento capaz para aqueles determinantes da HBB&#46; No nosso estudo os doentes com HT&#44; apesar do bom controlo tensional&#44; apresentaram &#237;ndices de rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;VOP e AASI&#41; superiores aos HBBs e NTs&#46; Do mesmo modo&#44; os &#237;ndices extra&#237;dos da an&#225;lise da onda de pulso central &#40;PPc&#44; amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP e AIx&#41; encontraram&#8208;se desfavoravelmente alterados nos HTs&#44; comparativamente aos NTs e HBBs&#44; quer na popula&#231;&#227;o global&#44; quer quando se procedeu &#224; an&#225;lise nos subgrupos com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Apesar de haver tend&#234;ncia para os HBBs apresentarem valores da rigidez a&#243;rtica e das altera&#231;&#245;es da hemodin&#226;mica central ligeiramente superiores &#224;s dos NTs&#44; no presente estudo essas tend&#234;ncias n&#227;o assumiram significado estat&#237;stico&#46; V&#225;rios estudos demostraram que o aumento da PP&#44; o aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica e a reflex&#227;o precoce das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas associam&#8208;se de forma independente ao aumento do risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que o aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica aumenta a PA&#44; a PP e a VOP arterial&#44; que&#44; por sua vez&#44; origina que as ondas refletidas da periferia ocorram mais precocemente &#40;na s&#237;stole e n&#227;o na di&#225;stole&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#44;48</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia precoce das ondas refletidas &#40;por exemplo&#44; t&#237;picas do envelhecimento e da hipertens&#227;o&#41; traduz&#8208;se num aumento predominante da PP nas art&#233;rias centrais &#40;mais que nas perif&#233;ricas&#41;&#44; gerando a perda da normal amplifica&#231;&#227;o da PP entre a aorta e as art&#233;rias perif&#233;ricas&#46; Os nossos dados sugerem que os HBBs apresentam um figurino mais favor&#225;vel de distensibilidade a&#243;rtica e de PA central&#44; relativamente aos indiv&#237;duos HTs&#46; Observamos nos HBBs e NTs uma semelhan&#231;a na din&#226;mica e de estrutura vascular com reflexos semelhantes sobre a PA a&#243;rtica central&#46; Nestes grupos&#44; os &#237;ndices de menor rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;valores mais baixos da VOP a&#243;rtica e AASI&#41; e a presen&#231;a de menor PP a n&#237;vel central &#40;para id&#234;ntica PA braquial&#41; que nos HTs determinaram um perfil mais favor&#225;vel de amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP&#46; No presente estudo&#44; pela an&#225;lise da onda de press&#227;o na aorta ascendente avaliada por tonometria de aplana&#231;&#227;o&#44; observou&#8208;se nos NTs e HBBs um menor valor do &#237;ndice e da &#916;P relativamente aos HTs&#44; o que pode sugerir que nos HBBs existe uma menor intensidade das ondas refletidas provenientes das art&#233;rias perif&#233;ricas&#46; V&#225;rios estudos v&#234;m sugerindo que a PP nas art&#233;rias centrais depende&#44; de entre outros fatores&#44; da intensidade e tempo da reflex&#227;o das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas e da LVED&#44; e que a redu&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica das ondas arteriais refletidas pode conduzir especificamente &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da PAS central sem modifica&#231;&#227;o importante das press&#245;es perif&#233;ricas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo&#44; o achado mais relevante foi a constata&#231;&#227;o de que nos HBBs a rigidez a&#243;rtica e as altera&#231;&#245;es da din&#226;mica central se aproximam mais do registado nos NTs que o observado nos HTs&#44; para id&#234;ntica idade&#44; IMC&#44; g&#233;nero e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria diurna e noturna&#46; Os nossos dados contrastam com os de outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#44;52</span></a> em que foi observado na HBB um aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; quer interm&#233;dia entre os NTs e HTs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#44; quer semelhante aos doentes com hipertens&#227;o mascarada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; h&#225; que salientar que nestes estudos o emparelhamento entre os grupos n&#227;o foi rigoroso para vari&#225;veis como idade&#44; comorbilidades ou press&#227;o arterial diurna avaliada por MAPA&#44; nem o diagn&#243;stico de HBB foi adequado&#44; pois alguns doentes encontravam&#8208;se sob terap&#234;utica&#46; A quase totalidade dos estudos que avaliaram indiv&#237;duos com HBB utilizaram como crit&#233;rio de diagn&#243;stico somente os valores da PA diurna &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85&#41;&#44; tal como proposto nas orienta&#231;&#245;es internacionais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Tanto quanto &#233; do nosso conhecimento&#44; este &#233; o primeiro estudo em que a normalidade &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120&#47;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; da press&#227;o noturna &#40;e n&#227;o somente da PA diurna&#41; foi exigida na identifica&#231;&#227;o da HBB&#46; O facto de a press&#227;o noturna ser reconhecidamente o indicador tensional com maior valor preditivo de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;34&#44;44&#44;50</span></a>&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel que esta nossa exig&#234;ncia se tenha repercutido num perfil mais benigno da HBB&#46; Na medida em que os &#237;ndices de rigidez arterial e da press&#227;o central s&#227;o importantes marcadores de les&#227;o &#243;rg&#227;o&#8208;alvo e preditores de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36&#44;41</span></a>&#44; a relativa normalidade destes &#237;ndices &#233; a favor da benignidade da HBB&#44; embora n&#227;o se possa excluir que comparativamente aos NTs possa existir algum risco acrescido&#46; Estes dados refor&#231;am a recomenda&#231;&#227;o das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#44; em que a situa&#231;&#227;o de HBB exige vigil&#226;ncia&#44; mas dispensa tratamento farmacol&#243;gico face &#224; aus&#234;ncia de provas de benef&#237;cio com essa interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; O nosso estudo tem limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; A primeira &#233; a limita&#231;&#227;o comum aos estudos transversais em que os ju&#237;zos de causalidade s&#227;o de valor limitado&#46; O segundo tem a ver com o exigente exerc&#237;cio de emparelhamento efetuado&#44; o qual poder&#225; ter selecionado popula&#231;&#245;es de relativo baixo risco&#44; que podem n&#227;o representar inteiramente o universo da popula&#231;&#227;o dos HBBs&#46; De qualquer forma&#44; os nossos dados sugerem que para id&#234;ntica idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e press&#227;o ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e sobretudo noturna&#44; os indiv&#237;duos com HBB apresentam valores de rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; press&#227;o central e ondas refletidas mais pr&#243;ximos do observado em NT que em HT&#46; Estes dados poder&#227;o significar que os HBBs com PA ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna normal configuram uma situa&#231;&#227;o relativamente benigna quando comparada aos indiv&#237;duos HTs&#44; embora n&#227;o se possa excluir que algum acr&#233;scimo de risco possa existir relativamente aos indiv&#237;duos NTs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que os procedimentos seguidos estavam de acordo com os regulamentos estabelecidos pelos respons&#225;veis da Comiss&#227;o de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica e &#233;tica e de acordo com os da Associa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica Mundial e da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidencialidade dos dados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que n&#227;o aparecem dados identificadores de pacientes neste artigo</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Permanece controverso se os indiv&#237;duos com hipertens&#227;o da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; exibem altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas e estruturais diferentes dos indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41; e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparamos marcadores de progn&#243;stico cardiovascular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">CV</span>&#41;&#58; velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;VOP&#41;&#44; &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;AASI&#41; e as altera&#231;&#245;es da onda de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica &#40;&#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#91;AIx&#93;&#44; press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#91;AugP&#93; e amplifica&#231;&#227;o central perif&#233;rica da press&#227;o de pulso &#91;PPA&#93;&#41; entre NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>315&#41; e HTs tratados &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; todos com press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#47;80 e PA noturna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120&#47;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#44; ap&#243;s emparelhamento para idade&#44; g&#233;nero e IMC&#46; Os grupos foram ainda comparados para PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A percentagem de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">non dippers</span> foi 40&#44;1&#37; nos NTs&#44; 34&#44;5&#37; nos HBBs e 38&#44;3&#37; nos HTs&#46; Para id&#234;ntica PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA sist&#243;lica noturna &#40;NT 109&#47;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;5&#44; HBB 110&#47;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;6&#44; HT 109&#47;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; a rigidez a&#243;rtica foi mais elevada nos HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#44; VOP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;16&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; do que nos HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#44; PWV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;17&#41; e NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#44; VOP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#41;&#59; AugP e AIx foram mais elevadas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; nos HTs &#40;13&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 29&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;6&#41; que nos HBBs &#40;11&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2&#41; e NTs &#40;11&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 26&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;5&#41;&#46; A PPA foi mais baixa P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 nos HTs 11&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;5 do que nos HBBs 13&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;1 e do que nos NTs 12&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Os dados foram semelhantes quando os subgrupos de PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg ou entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg foram analisados separadamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados sugerem que&#44; para valores semelhantes da idade&#44; IMC&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; PA ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna&#44; os HBBs apresentam valores da rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; da press&#227;o central e das ondas refletidas mais pr&#243;ximos dos NTs do que dos HTs controlados&#46; Estes dados permitem sugerir que a HBB constitui uma entidade relativamente benigna face &#224; hipertens&#227;o sustentada para id&#234;nticos valores da PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e&#44; particularmente&#44; da PA noturna&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is disagreement whether white coat hypertensives &#40;WCH&#41; have different hemodynamic and structural characteristics compared to normotensives &#40;NT&#41; and hypertensives &#40;HT&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We compared cardiovascular prognostic markers &#40;pulse wave velocity &#91;PWV&#93; and aortic stiffness index &#91;ASI&#93;&#41; and data on central hemodynamics and central pressures &#40;augmentation index &#91;AIx&#93;&#44; augmentation pressure &#91;AugP&#93; and pulse pressure amplification &#91;PPA&#93;&#41; from aortic pulse wave analysis between NT &#40;n&#61;175&#41;&#44; WCH &#40;n&#61;315&#41; and treated HT &#40;n&#61;691&#41;&#44; all with 24&#8208;h blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; &#60;130&#47;80 and nocturnal BP &#60;120&#47;70 mmHg after matching for age&#44; gender&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; and and nocturnal BP&#46; The groups were also compared separately in terms of 24&#8208;h systolic BP &#60;120 mmHg and 120&#8208;129 mmHg&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The percentage of non&#8208;dippers was 40&#46;1&#37; in NT&#44; 34&#46;5&#37; in WCH and 38&#46;3 in HT&#46; For similar 24&#8208;h and nocturnal systolic BP &#40;NT 109&#47;64&#177;7&#47;5&#44; WCH 110&#47;66&#177;7&#47;6&#44; HT 109&#47;64&#177;7&#47;5 mmHg&#41;&#44; aortic stiffness was greater in HT &#40;n&#61;691&#44; PWV 10&#46;8&#177;2&#46;6 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;33&#177;0&#46;16&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; than in WCH &#40;n&#61;316&#44; PWV 9&#46;7&#177;2&#46;4 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;28&#177;0&#46;17&#41; and NT &#40;n&#61;175&#44; PWV 9&#46;5&#177;2&#46;0 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;29&#177;0&#46;15&#41;&#59; AugP and AIx were higher &#40;p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; in HT &#40;13&#46;9&#177;8&#46;2 and 29&#46;6&#177;12&#46;6 mmHg&#41; than in WCH &#40;11&#46;5&#177;8&#46;5 mmHg and 24&#46;9&#177;15&#46;2&#41; and NT &#40;11&#46;0&#177;6&#46;4 mmHg and 26&#46;6&#177;11&#46;5&#41;&#46; PPA was lower &#40;p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; in HT &#40;11&#46;3&#177;5&#46;5 mmHg&#41; than in WCH &#40;13&#46;2&#177;7&#46;1 mmHg&#41; and in NT &#40;12&#46;4&#177;4&#46;9 mmHg&#41;&#46; The findings were similar when the 24&#8208;h systolic BP &#60;120 mmHg and 120&#8208;129 mmHg subgroups were analyzed separately&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our data suggest that for similar age&#44; gender distribution&#44; BMI&#44; and 24&#8208;h and nocturnal BP&#44; aortic stiffness&#44; central aortic pressures and wave reflection in WCH are closer to those of NT than to those with treated HT&#46; This supports the idea that white coat hypertension may be a more benign condition than treated hypertension for similar 24&#8208;h and particularly nocturnal BP levels&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos valores da press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA sist&#243;lica noturna nos indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;&#91;NTs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; hipertensos da bata branca &#40;&#91;HBBs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;316&#41; e hipertensos tratados &#40;&#91;HTs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; emparelhados para idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores da velocidade da onda de pulso e do AASI &#40;&#237;ndice de rigidez a&#243;rtica&#41; nos indiv&#237;duos NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#41; e HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; separadamente nos dois subgrupos com PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em subgrupo&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se expresso sobre as respetivas colunas&#46; &#42; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 significativamente diferente dos NTs e HBBs do mesmo subgrupo&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores do &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;AIx&#41; e da press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o calculados na onda de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica nos indiv&#237;duos NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#41; e HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41;&#44; separadamente nos dois subgrupos com PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em subgrupo&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se expresso sobre as respetivas colunas&#46; &#42; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 significativamente diferente dos NTs e HBBs do mesmo subgrupo&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TAS&#58; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#59; TAD&#58; press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica&#59; FC&#58; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; PP&#58; press&#227;o diferencial&#59; PP central amplifica&#231;&#227;o&#58; amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP&#59; AIx&#58; &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o ajustado &#224; FC 75&#47;min&#59; TFG&#58; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular&#59; AASI&#58; &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Non&#8208;dippers</span>&#58; percentagem de indiv&#237;duos com descida noturna da TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37;&#59; microalbumin&#250;ria &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; percentagem de indiv&#237;duos com excre&#231;&#227;o urin&#225;ria de albumina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">316&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">691&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mulheres &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS casual &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">143<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAD casual &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAD 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FC 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;b&#47;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS noite &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS noite &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Non&#8208;dippers</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PP central &#40;amplifica&#231;&#227;o p&#8208;c&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AIx 75 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Press&#227;o aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VOP &#40;m&#47;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AASI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;16<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Glicose &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TFG estimada MDRD &#40;ml&#47;min 1&#44;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL&#8208;C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Microalbumin&#250;ria &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa relativamente aos restantes dois grupos&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e valores da PA casual e ambulat&#243;ria&#44; da velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;VOP&#41; nos tr&#234;s grupos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41;&#44; hipertensos da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
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              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality&#58; the Dublin outcome study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Dolan"
                            1 => "A&#46; Stanton"
                            2 => "L&#46; Thijs"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.HYP.0000170138.56903.7a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hypertension&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "156"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939805"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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Os valores da pressão arterial aórtica e índice de aumentação central em indivíduos com hipertensão da bata branca são mais próximos dos indivíduos normotensos do que dos hipertensos tratados para idênticas idades, género e pressão noturna
Central pressures and central hemodynamic values in white coat hypertensives are closer to those of normotensives than to those of controlled hypertensives for similar age, gender, and 24‐h and nocturnal blood pressures
Joana Almeidaa, José Monteiroa, José A. Silvab, Susana Bertoquinia, Jorge Polóniaa,b,
Autor para correspondência
jjpolonia@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
a Departamento de Medicina e Cintesis, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
b Unidade de Hipertensão e RCV, Hospital Pedro Hispano, ULS Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores do &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;AIx&#41; e da press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o calculados na onda de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica nos indiv&#237;duos NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#41; e HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41;&#44; separadamente nos dois subgrupos com PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em subgrupo&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se expresso sobre as respetivas colunas&#46; &#42; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 significativamente diferente dos NTs e HBBs do mesmo subgrupo&#46;</p>"
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As orienta&#231;&#245;es europeias e americanas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> da hipertens&#227;o consideram que o diagn&#243;stico da HBB implica a confirma&#231;&#227;o daqueles valores da PA casual em pelo menos tr&#234;s ocasi&#245;es distintas paralelamente &#224; demonstra&#231;&#227;o de valores da PA diurna ou no domic&#237;lio inferiores a 135&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Apesar destes crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico serem<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> os mais utilizados nos estudos&#44; como referido numa recente meta&#8208;an&#225;lise<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; alguns autores sugerem que a confirma&#231;&#227;o de HBB deveria exigir a realiza&#231;&#227;o de dois registos de MAPA&#46; A HBB&#44; que parece ocorrer em 20&#37; ou mais da popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa de consult&#243;rio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#44; tem sido alvo de acesa controv&#233;rsia relativamente ao seu significado progn&#243;stico comparativamente a indiv&#237;duos com normotens&#227;o &#40;NT&#41; ou com hipertens&#227;o sustentada &#40;HT&#41;&#46; Em v&#225;rios estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;15</span></a>&#44; a HBB associou&#8208;se a baixa preval&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas e de les&#227;o dos &#243;rg&#227;os&#8208;alvo comparativamente a doentes com HT&#46; Por contraste&#44; outros estudos documentaram maiores altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais e funcionais dos &#243;rg&#227;os&#8208;alvo na HBB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#8211;24</span></a>&#44; por compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41;&#46; Uma poss&#237;vel maior tend&#234;ncia dos indiv&#237;duos com HBB para desenvolverem mais tarde HT foi referida por alguns<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> mas n&#227;o por outros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; Em estudos longitudinais&#44; a HBB associou&#8208;se a menor mortalidade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> e menor incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares do que a popula&#231;&#227;o com HT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;31</span></a>&#44; a qual num outro estudo n&#227;o diferiu da dos NTs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Por contraste&#44; em dois estudos longitudinais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> observou&#8208;se uma incid&#234;ncia de eventos na HBB semelhante &#224; dos doentes com HT e que foi superior &#224; dos indiv&#237;duos com NT&#46; Contudo&#44; num destes estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#44; muitos doentes com HBB eram diab&#233;ticos e previamente tratados com anti&#8208;hipertensores&#44; o que n&#227;o corresponde &#224; habitual defini&#231;&#227;o de HBB&#44; enquanto noutro estudo&#44; a idade mais elevada dos hipertensos da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controlos poder&#225; explicar o risco mais elevado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46; Estes resultados aparentemente contradit&#243;rios poder&#227;o explicar&#8208;se por diferen&#231;as nas popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas e nos crit&#233;rios utilizados no diagn&#243;stico da HBB&#46; Dois aspetos t&#234;m estado ausentes na abordagem da quest&#227;o do risco da HBB&#46; O primeiro tem a ver com o facto de os valores da PA noturna n&#227;o terem&#44; at&#233; agora&#44; entrado nos crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico da HBB&#46; Este facto pode ser importante&#44; visto que de todos os valores tensionais &#233; a PA noturna aquela que apresenta o maior valor preditivo de risco CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;34</span></a>&#46; 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HBB e HT tratados&#44; mas emparelhados para idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e particularmente para a PA noturna&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica do Hospital Pedro Hispano&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o alvo deste estudo descritivo&#44; transversal e retrospetivo&#44; foi a integrante das bases de dados da unidade de hipertens&#227;o da ULS Matosinhos&#44; que corresponde ao registo de todos os indiv&#237;duos que&#44; entre 1999&#8208;2014&#44; foram submetidos a MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e a quem simultaneamente foi executada a avalia&#231;&#227;o da velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;&#91;VOP&#93;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complior</span>&#41; e a an&#225;lise da curva de press&#227;o central pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sphygmocor</span>&#46; A base de dados compreendia&#44; em 2014&#44; cerca de 19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 registos de MAPA&#44; cerca de 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 determina&#231;&#245;es de VOP e cerca de 6000 registos da curva de press&#227;o central&#46; Para o presente estudo s&#243; foram considerados registos de indiv&#237;duos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 anos que no momento dos exames apresentavam fun&#231;&#227;o renal normal &#40;creatinemia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; sem diabetes e sem hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de eventos cardiovasculares&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sele&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os indiv&#237;duos a incluir no presente estudo foram classificados no momento de realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA e da VOP em NTs&#44; HBBs e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos NTs eram os que apresentavam PA no consult&#243;rio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140&#47;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg em tr&#234;s medi&#231;&#245;es&#44; que foram recrutados ao longo dos anos do pessoal hospitalar e seus familiares&#44; sendo considerados saud&#225;veis ap&#243;s exame cl&#237;nico&#44; sem doen&#231;a conhecida e sem hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de medica&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e que na MAPA a que foram submetidos&#44; numa l&#243;gica de voluntariado&#44; apresentavam valores da PA diurna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Consideraram&#8208;se como HBBs os indiv&#237;duos com PA casual<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140 ou<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg confirmada em tr&#234;s momentos diferentes&#44; na aus&#234;ncia de terap&#234;utica e com PA diurna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Consideraram&#8208;se como HTs os indiv&#237;duos com pr&#233;vio diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o essencial&#44; encontrando&#8208;se medicados h&#225; pelo menos seis meses no momento da realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; De entre os registos de MAPA&#44; selecionados segundo estes crit&#233;rios&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos somente os indiv&#237;duos com valores m&#233;dios das 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h na MAPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e com PA noturna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a 120&#47;70 &#40;o que significa que na popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa apenas foram considerados indiv&#237;duos adequadamente controlados pela terap&#234;utica&#41;&#46; A partir da&#237;&#44; os registos individuais foram introduzidos numa matriz de aleatoriza&#231;&#227;o de quatro entradas&#44; de forma a permitir uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o e emparelhamento dos v&#225;rios grupos&#46; Na entrada da matriz&#44; a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos em cada c&#233;lula de estratifica&#231;&#227;o foi de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>x<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44; i&#46;e&#46; para cada NTs&#44; entravam dois HBBs e quatro HTs&#46; Todos os indiv&#237;duos foram divididos em dois grupos&#58; A&#41; com PA sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e B&#41; com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h compreendida entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em ambos os grupos A e B&#44; procedeu&#8208;se a distribui&#231;&#227;o estratificada nas quatro entradas da matriz por&#58; grupo &#40;NT&#44; HBB e HT&#41;&#44; g&#233;nero &#40;dois grupos&#44; masculino e feminino&#41;&#44; idade &#40;tr&#234;s grupos&#58; 25&#8208;40 anos&#44; 41&#8208;65 anos e 65&#8208;80 anos&#41; e &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;&#91;IMC&#93; tr&#234;s grupos&#58; 20&#8208;24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 25&#8208;a 29&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> e 30&#8208;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; No final&#44; ap&#243;s este processo de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram finalmente selecionados 175 indiv&#237;duos com NT&#44; 315 indiv&#237;duos com HBB e 691 doentes com HT&#46; A despropor&#231;&#227;o num&#233;rica entre os grupos &#40;NT&#44; HBB e HT&#41; reflete a diferente express&#227;o quantitativa destes na base de dados &#40;maior numero de HT que HBB e que NT&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; o m&#233;todo de emparelhamento usado pretendeu minimizar um poss&#237;vel <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bias</span> de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; que inevitavelmente ocorreria se&#44; nos HBBs e HTs&#44; se escolhesse uma dimens&#227;o amostral id&#234;ntica &#224; do grupo &#40;NT&#41; com menor representatividade num&#233;rica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">PA casual e MAPA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#58;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A press&#227;o casual foi avaliada segundo as orienta&#231;&#245;es da OMS&#44; com aparelho validado &#40;Omrom HEM 705&#8208;CP&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Omron Inc</span>&#44; Vernon&#44; IL&#41;&#44; pela m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s registos com o doente sentado antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o da MAPA&#44; sendo este o valor considerado para o presente estudo&#46; Todos estes indiv&#237;duos foram submetidos a um registo da PA ambulat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpaceLabs</span> 90207&#41; durante um dia normal de trabalho &#40;20&#47;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min durante o dia&#44; 30&#47;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min durante a noite&#41;&#44; utilizando&#8208;se para c&#225;lculo da PA diurna e noturna os hor&#225;rios definidos pelo doente no di&#225;rio &#40;deitar e levantar&#41;&#46; Apenas se consideraram registos com<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85&#37; de medi&#231;&#245;es v&#225;lidas&#46; Em cada registo de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h procedeu&#8208;se ao c&#225;lculo da FC e da PA m&#233;dia de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; diurna&#44; noturna e descida percentual noturna&#44; tal como descrito em outras publica&#231;&#245;es do grupo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#46; Os per&#237;odos diurno e noturno foram os resultantes dos di&#225;rios dos indiv&#237;duos avaliados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">&#205;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;AASI&#41; &#233; considerado um &#237;ndice de rigidez arterial com significado progn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46; &#201; um &#237;ndice derivado dos valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria&#44; sendo calculado por &#40;1&#8211;&#91;declive dos valores da press&#227;o diast&#243;lica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> valores da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica das 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#93;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Velocidade da onda de pulso</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O valor da VOP car&#243;tido&#8208;femoral &#40;como &#237;ndice de distensibilidade a&#243;rtica&#41; foi determinado em todos os indiv&#237;duos&#44; com o sistema automatizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complior</span> &#40;COLSON&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Garges les Gonesse</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">France</span>&#41;&#44; segundo a t&#233;cnica anteriormente descrita<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;27&#44;37&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Onda de press&#227;o central</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A curva da onda de PA a&#243;rtica obteve&#8208;se por deriva&#231;&#227;o&#44; segundo fun&#231;&#227;o previamente validada&#44; das ondas de PA radial e carot&#237;dea&#44; medidas diretamente por tonometria de aplana&#231;&#227;o com o sistema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sphygmocor</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atcor Medical</span>&#44; Sidney&#44; Austr&#225;lia&#41;&#44; tal como anteriormente descrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m do c&#225;lculo da PP perif&#233;rica braquial &#40;PPp&#41;&#44; calculou&#8208;se na onda de PA a&#243;rtica&#44; obtida por deriva&#231;&#227;o e ap&#243;s calibra&#231;&#227;o com a PA braquial&#44; a PAS e a PP central &#40;PPc&#41;&#44; a PA no ponto de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">inc</span> na 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#170; incisura da fase sist&#243;lica da curva&#41;&#44; a press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#916;P&#41; acrescentada &#224; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">inc</span> &#40;que se atribui &#224; proje&#231;&#227;o na curva de PA das ondas de press&#227;o refletidas&#41;&#46; Calculou&#8208;se tamb&#233;m o tempo de demora &#40;&#916;Tp&#41; da proje&#231;&#227;o das ondas refletidas &#40;decorrido entre o in&#237;cio da s&#237;stole at&#233; ao ponto de aumenta&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o total da eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;LVED&#41; e o &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;AIx&#44; em &#37;&#41; ajustado para a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 75&#47;min&#44; calculado pela rela&#231;&#227;o &#916;P&#47;PP na curva de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica&#44; como indicador do efeito das ondas refletidas sobre as art&#233;rias centrais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados s&#227;o expressos em m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#46; A an&#225;lise comparativa dos dados entre os v&#225;rios grupos processou&#8208;se primariamente por an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;ANOVA&#41; para medi&#231;&#245;es repetidas&#44; seguida de an&#225;lise <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pos&#8208;hoc</span> de compara&#231;&#245;es m&#250;ltiplas com teste de Tukey na determina&#231;&#227;o do significado das diferen&#231;as entre pares de grupos&#46; Em todos os casos&#44; considerou&#8208;se estatisticamente significativo sempre que P foi inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No final da sele&#231;&#227;o e estratifica&#231;&#227;o foram escolhidos 175 indiv&#237;duos com NT&#44; 315 indiv&#237;duos com HBB e 691 doentes com HT&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a> mostra os dados comparativos entre os tr&#234;s grupos&#46; Em fun&#231;&#227;o do emparelhamento efetuado&#44; os tr&#234;s grupos n&#227;o foram diferentes na idade&#44; no g&#233;nero&#44; no IMC&#44; na LDL&#8208;C&#44; nem nos valores da PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e noturna&#46; Como esperado&#44; os NTs apresentaram valores da PA casual inferiores aos restantes grupos&#46; O grupo de HTs apresentou valores mais elevados dos dois &#237;ndices de rigidez arterial &#40;VOP e AASI&#41; que n&#227;o foram diferentes entre os NTs e HBBs&#46; Relativamente aos par&#226;metros avaliados na onda de press&#227;o central&#44; o grupo de HTs apresentou relativamente aos NTs e HBBs valores mais elevados da PPc&#44; dos AIx e da &#916;P&#44; valores mais baixos da amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP e maior percentagem de doentes com microalbumin&#250;ria&#46; Todos estes par&#226;metros n&#227;o foram significativamente diferentes entre os NTs e HBBs&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a> mostra a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos valores da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PAS noturna dos tr&#234;s grupos&#46; Fruto dos limites considerados na sele&#231;&#227;o dos grupos&#44; observou&#8208;se uma distribui&#231;&#227;o uniforme &#171;gaussiana&#187; nos NTs&#44; mas n&#227;o nos HBBs e HTs&#44; apesar dos valores m&#233;dios observados nos tr&#234;s grupos n&#227;o diferirem entre si&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a> mostra os valores da VOP e do AASI nos tr&#234;s grupos divididos pelos limites da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; os mais baixos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; e mais elevados &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#46; Como se observa&#44; nos tr&#234;s grupos &#40;NTs&#44; HBBs e HTs&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de valores significativamente mais elevados nos HTs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> NTs e HBBs manteve&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com PAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; tal como ocorreu na popula&#231;&#227;o globalmente avaliada na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabela 1</a>&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figura 3</a> mostra os valores do AIx e da &#916;P nos tr&#234;s grupos divididos pelos limites da PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h mais baixos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; e mais elevados &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#46; De forma id&#234;ntica &#224; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#44; nos tr&#234;s grupos &#40;NTs&#44; HBBs e HTs&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de valores significativamente mais elevados nos HTs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> NTs e HBBs manteve&#8208;se nos indiv&#237;duos com PAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; tal como ocorreu na popula&#231;&#227;o globalmente avaliada&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo avaliou as press&#245;es centrais e a rigidez arterial de uma popula&#231;&#227;o de HBBs comparativamente a popula&#231;&#245;es de NTs e HTs controlados&#46; Estas popula&#231;&#245;es foram rigorosamente emparelhadas para vari&#225;veis como g&#233;nero&#44; idade&#44; IMC e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria&#46; Dentro destes requisitos verificamos que&#44; quer os &#237;ndices de rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;VOP e AASI&#41;&#44; quer a press&#227;o a&#243;rtica central e as ondas refletidas da periferia dos HBB&#44; n&#227;o diferem dos NTs&#44; sendo por&#233;m significativamente inferiores aos dos HTs&#46; A HBB ocorre frequentemente nas consultas m&#233;dicas&#44; com uma preval&#234;ncia superior a 20&#37; na popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa de consult&#243;rio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; com base em estudos cl&#237;nicos e meta&#8208;an&#225;lises&#44; existe uma acentuada controv&#233;rsia se a HBB comporta um progn&#243;stico benigno<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;9&#8211;15&#44;26&#8211;29&#44;31</span></a> ou se&#44; pelo contr&#225;rio&#44; se associa a um risco cardiovascular relativamente elevado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;20&#44;22&#8211;25&#44;32&#44;33</span></a>&#44; sobretudo por compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o normotensa e hipertensa sustentada&#46; Uma vez que as meta&#8208;an&#225;lises<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;44</span></a> que re&#250;nem a maioria dos estudos comparativos da MAPA com a PA causal provam que o valor progn&#243;stico da MAPA &#233; superior ao da PA de consult&#243;rio&#44; pelo menos teoricamente&#44; esperar&#8208;se&#8208;ia que a HBB&#44; ao apresentar valores normais de MAPA&#44; se associasse a um progn&#243;stico relativamente benigno&#46; Uma das principais raz&#245;es para a exist&#234;ncia de resultados contradit&#243;rios reside na heterogeneidade das popula&#231;&#245;es de HBB e na presen&#231;a de fatores determinantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a>&#44; quer do efeito de bata branca&#44; quer do risco cardiovascular&#44; tais como idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC&#44; diabetes&#44; etc&#46; Assim&#44; com o objetivo de tentarmos minimizar a influ&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as nestas vari&#225;veis no processo comparativo&#44; optamos por um emparelhamento t&#227;o rigoroso quanto poss&#237;vel das vari&#225;veis idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria na compara&#231;&#227;o entre HBBs com NTs e HTs&#46; No presente estudo&#44; tamb&#233;m os valores de LDL&#8208;C n&#227;o foram diferentes entre os tr&#234;s grupos&#44; embora n&#227;o possamos excluir que tal possa ter sido influenciado por diferente percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de agentes hipolipemiantes nos tr&#234;s grupos&#46; No nosso conhecimento&#44; apenas um estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> avaliou as ondas refletidas em indiv&#237;duos com HBB&#44; mas sem que houvesse um emparelhamento capaz para aqueles determinantes da HBB&#46; No nosso estudo os doentes com HT&#44; apesar do bom controlo tensional&#44; apresentaram &#237;ndices de rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;VOP e AASI&#41; superiores aos HBBs e NTs&#46; Do mesmo modo&#44; os &#237;ndices extra&#237;dos da an&#225;lise da onda de pulso central &#40;PPc&#44; amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP e AIx&#41; encontraram&#8208;se desfavoravelmente alterados nos HTs&#44; comparativamente aos NTs e HBBs&#44; quer na popula&#231;&#227;o global&#44; quer quando se procedeu &#224; an&#225;lise nos subgrupos com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e com PAS de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Apesar de haver tend&#234;ncia para os HBBs apresentarem valores da rigidez a&#243;rtica e das altera&#231;&#245;es da hemodin&#226;mica central ligeiramente superiores &#224;s dos NTs&#44; no presente estudo essas tend&#234;ncias n&#227;o assumiram significado estat&#237;stico&#46; V&#225;rios estudos demostraram que o aumento da PP&#44; o aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica e a reflex&#227;o precoce das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas associam&#8208;se de forma independente ao aumento do risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que o aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica aumenta a PA&#44; a PP e a VOP arterial&#44; que&#44; por sua vez&#44; origina que as ondas refletidas da periferia ocorram mais precocemente &#40;na s&#237;stole e n&#227;o na di&#225;stole&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#44;48</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia precoce das ondas refletidas &#40;por exemplo&#44; t&#237;picas do envelhecimento e da hipertens&#227;o&#41; traduz&#8208;se num aumento predominante da PP nas art&#233;rias centrais &#40;mais que nas perif&#233;ricas&#41;&#44; gerando a perda da normal amplifica&#231;&#227;o da PP entre a aorta e as art&#233;rias perif&#233;ricas&#46; Os nossos dados sugerem que os HBBs apresentam um figurino mais favor&#225;vel de distensibilidade a&#243;rtica e de PA central&#44; relativamente aos indiv&#237;duos HTs&#46; Observamos nos HBBs e NTs uma semelhan&#231;a na din&#226;mica e de estrutura vascular com reflexos semelhantes sobre a PA a&#243;rtica central&#46; Nestes grupos&#44; os &#237;ndices de menor rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;valores mais baixos da VOP a&#243;rtica e AASI&#41; e a presen&#231;a de menor PP a n&#237;vel central &#40;para id&#234;ntica PA braquial&#41; que nos HTs determinaram um perfil mais favor&#225;vel de amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP&#46; No presente estudo&#44; pela an&#225;lise da onda de press&#227;o na aorta ascendente avaliada por tonometria de aplana&#231;&#227;o&#44; observou&#8208;se nos NTs e HBBs um menor valor do &#237;ndice e da &#916;P relativamente aos HTs&#44; o que pode sugerir que nos HBBs existe uma menor intensidade das ondas refletidas provenientes das art&#233;rias perif&#233;ricas&#46; V&#225;rios estudos v&#234;m sugerindo que a PP nas art&#233;rias centrais depende&#44; de entre outros fatores&#44; da intensidade e tempo da reflex&#227;o das ondas arteriais perif&#233;ricas e da LVED&#44; e que a redu&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica das ondas arteriais refletidas pode conduzir especificamente &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da PAS central sem modifica&#231;&#227;o importante das press&#245;es perif&#233;ricas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo&#44; o achado mais relevante foi a constata&#231;&#227;o de que nos HBBs a rigidez a&#243;rtica e as altera&#231;&#245;es da din&#226;mica central se aproximam mais do registado nos NTs que o observado nos HTs&#44; para id&#234;ntica idade&#44; IMC&#44; g&#233;nero e valores da PA ambulat&#243;ria diurna e noturna&#46; Os nossos dados contrastam com os de outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#44;52</span></a> em que foi observado na HBB um aumento da rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; quer interm&#233;dia entre os NTs e HTs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#44; quer semelhante aos doentes com hipertens&#227;o mascarada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; h&#225; que salientar que nestes estudos o emparelhamento entre os grupos n&#227;o foi rigoroso para vari&#225;veis como idade&#44; comorbilidades ou press&#227;o arterial diurna avaliada por MAPA&#44; nem o diagn&#243;stico de HBB foi adequado&#44; pois alguns doentes encontravam&#8208;se sob terap&#234;utica&#46; A quase totalidade dos estudos que avaliaram indiv&#237;duos com HBB utilizaram como crit&#233;rio de diagn&#243;stico somente os valores da PA diurna &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#47;85&#41;&#44; tal como proposto nas orienta&#231;&#245;es internacionais<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Tanto quanto &#233; do nosso conhecimento&#44; este &#233; o primeiro estudo em que a normalidade &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120&#47;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; da press&#227;o noturna &#40;e n&#227;o somente da PA diurna&#41; foi exigida na identifica&#231;&#227;o da HBB&#46; O facto de a press&#227;o noturna ser reconhecidamente o indicador tensional com maior valor preditivo de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;34&#44;44&#44;50</span></a>&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel que esta nossa exig&#234;ncia se tenha repercutido num perfil mais benigno da HBB&#46; Na medida em que os &#237;ndices de rigidez arterial e da press&#227;o central s&#227;o importantes marcadores de les&#227;o &#243;rg&#227;o&#8208;alvo e preditores de risco cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36&#44;41</span></a>&#44; a relativa normalidade destes &#237;ndices &#233; a favor da benignidade da HBB&#44; embora n&#227;o se possa excluir que comparativamente aos NTs possa existir algum risco acrescido&#46; Estes dados refor&#231;am a recomenda&#231;&#227;o das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#44; em que a situa&#231;&#227;o de HBB exige vigil&#226;ncia&#44; mas dispensa tratamento farmacol&#243;gico face &#224; aus&#234;ncia de provas de benef&#237;cio com essa interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; O nosso estudo tem limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; A primeira &#233; a limita&#231;&#227;o comum aos estudos transversais em que os ju&#237;zos de causalidade s&#227;o de valor limitado&#46; O segundo tem a ver com o exigente exerc&#237;cio de emparelhamento efetuado&#44; o qual poder&#225; ter selecionado popula&#231;&#245;es de relativo baixo risco&#44; que podem n&#227;o representar inteiramente o universo da popula&#231;&#227;o dos HBBs&#46; De qualquer forma&#44; os nossos dados sugerem que para id&#234;ntica idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e press&#227;o ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e sobretudo noturna&#44; os indiv&#237;duos com HBB apresentam valores de rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; press&#227;o central e ondas refletidas mais pr&#243;ximos do observado em NT que em HT&#46; Estes dados poder&#227;o significar que os HBBs com PA ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna normal configuram uma situa&#231;&#227;o relativamente benigna quando comparada aos indiv&#237;duos HTs&#44; embora n&#227;o se possa excluir que algum acr&#233;scimo de risco possa existir relativamente aos indiv&#237;duos NTs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Prote&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e animais</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que os procedimentos seguidos estavam de acordo com os regulamentos estabelecidos pelos respons&#225;veis da Comiss&#227;o de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica e &#233;tica e de acordo com os da Associa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica Mundial e da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidencialidade dos dados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram ter seguido os protocolos do seu centro de trabalho acerca da publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Direito &#224; privacidade e consentimento escrito</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram que n&#227;o aparecem dados identificadores de pacientes neste artigo</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Permanece controverso se os indiv&#237;duos com hipertens&#227;o da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; exibem altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas e estruturais diferentes dos indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41; e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparamos marcadores de progn&#243;stico cardiovascular &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">CV</span>&#41;&#58; velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;VOP&#41;&#44; &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica &#40;AASI&#41; e as altera&#231;&#245;es da onda de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica &#40;&#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#91;AIx&#93;&#44; press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#91;AugP&#93; e amplifica&#231;&#227;o central perif&#233;rica da press&#227;o de pulso &#91;PPA&#93;&#41; entre NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>315&#41; e HTs tratados &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; todos com press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#47;80 e PA noturna<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120&#47;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#44; ap&#243;s emparelhamento para idade&#44; g&#233;nero e IMC&#46; Os grupos foram ainda comparados para PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A percentagem de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">non dippers</span> foi 40&#44;1&#37; nos NTs&#44; 34&#44;5&#37; nos HBBs e 38&#44;3&#37; nos HTs&#46; Para id&#234;ntica PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA sist&#243;lica noturna &#40;NT 109&#47;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;5&#44; HBB 110&#47;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;6&#44; HT 109&#47;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#47;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; a rigidez a&#243;rtica foi mais elevada nos HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#44; VOP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;16&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; do que nos HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#44; PWV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;17&#41; e NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#44; VOP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;s e AASI 0&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#41;&#59; AugP e AIx foram mais elevadas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; nos HTs &#40;13&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 29&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;6&#41; que nos HBBs &#40;11&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 24&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2&#41; e NTs &#40;11&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e 26&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;5&#41;&#46; A PPA foi mais baixa P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 nos HTs 11&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;5 do que nos HBBs 13&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;1 e do que nos NTs 12&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Os dados foram semelhantes quando os subgrupos de PA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg ou entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg foram analisados separadamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados sugerem que&#44; para valores semelhantes da idade&#44; IMC&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; PA ambulat&#243;ria de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna&#44; os HBBs apresentam valores da rigidez a&#243;rtica&#44; da press&#227;o central e das ondas refletidas mais pr&#243;ximos dos NTs do que dos HTs controlados&#46; Estes dados permitem sugerir que a HBB constitui uma entidade relativamente benigna face &#224; hipertens&#227;o sustentada para id&#234;nticos valores da PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e&#44; particularmente&#44; da PA noturna&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is disagreement whether white coat hypertensives &#40;WCH&#41; have different hemodynamic and structural characteristics compared to normotensives &#40;NT&#41; and hypertensives &#40;HT&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We compared cardiovascular prognostic markers &#40;pulse wave velocity &#91;PWV&#93; and aortic stiffness index &#91;ASI&#93;&#41; and data on central hemodynamics and central pressures &#40;augmentation index &#91;AIx&#93;&#44; augmentation pressure &#91;AugP&#93; and pulse pressure amplification &#91;PPA&#93;&#41; from aortic pulse wave analysis between NT &#40;n&#61;175&#41;&#44; WCH &#40;n&#61;315&#41; and treated HT &#40;n&#61;691&#41;&#44; all with 24&#8208;h blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; &#60;130&#47;80 and nocturnal BP &#60;120&#47;70 mmHg after matching for age&#44; gender&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; and and nocturnal BP&#46; The groups were also compared separately in terms of 24&#8208;h systolic BP &#60;120 mmHg and 120&#8208;129 mmHg&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The percentage of non&#8208;dippers was 40&#46;1&#37; in NT&#44; 34&#46;5&#37; in WCH and 38&#46;3 in HT&#46; For similar 24&#8208;h and nocturnal systolic BP &#40;NT 109&#47;64&#177;7&#47;5&#44; WCH 110&#47;66&#177;7&#47;6&#44; HT 109&#47;64&#177;7&#47;5 mmHg&#41;&#44; aortic stiffness was greater in HT &#40;n&#61;691&#44; PWV 10&#46;8&#177;2&#46;6 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;33&#177;0&#46;16&#44; p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; than in WCH &#40;n&#61;316&#44; PWV 9&#46;7&#177;2&#46;4 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;28&#177;0&#46;17&#41; and NT &#40;n&#61;175&#44; PWV 9&#46;5&#177;2&#46;0 m&#47;s and ASI 0&#46;29&#177;0&#46;15&#41;&#59; AugP and AIx were higher &#40;p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; in HT &#40;13&#46;9&#177;8&#46;2 and 29&#46;6&#177;12&#46;6 mmHg&#41; than in WCH &#40;11&#46;5&#177;8&#46;5 mmHg and 24&#46;9&#177;15&#46;2&#41; and NT &#40;11&#46;0&#177;6&#46;4 mmHg and 26&#46;6&#177;11&#46;5&#41;&#46; PPA was lower &#40;p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; in HT &#40;11&#46;3&#177;5&#46;5 mmHg&#41; than in WCH &#40;13&#46;2&#177;7&#46;1 mmHg&#41; and in NT &#40;12&#46;4&#177;4&#46;9 mmHg&#41;&#46; The findings were similar when the 24&#8208;h systolic BP &#60;120 mmHg and 120&#8208;129 mmHg subgroups were analyzed separately&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our data suggest that for similar age&#44; gender distribution&#44; BMI&#44; and 24&#8208;h and nocturnal BP&#44; aortic stiffness&#44; central aortic pressures and wave reflection in WCH are closer to those of NT than to those with treated HT&#46; This supports the idea that white coat hypertension may be a more benign condition than treated hypertension for similar 24&#8208;h and particularly nocturnal BP levels&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos valores da press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA sist&#243;lica noturna nos indiv&#237;duos normotensos &#40;&#91;NTs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; hipertensos da bata branca &#40;&#91;HBBs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;316&#41; e hipertensos tratados &#40;&#91;HTs&#93; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; emparelhados para idade&#44; g&#233;nero&#44; IMC e PA de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h e PA noturna&#46;</p>"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores da velocidade da onda de pulso e do AASI &#40;&#237;ndice de rigidez a&#243;rtica&#41; nos indiv&#237;duos NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#41; e HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41; separadamente nos dois subgrupos com PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em subgrupo&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se expresso sobre as respetivas colunas&#46; &#42; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 significativamente diferente dos NTs e HBBs do mesmo subgrupo&#46;</p>"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "figura" => array:1 [
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores do &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;AIx&#41; e da press&#227;o de aumenta&#231;&#227;o calculados na onda de press&#227;o a&#243;rtica nos indiv&#237;duos NTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&#44; HBBs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>316&#41; e HTs &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>691&#41;&#44; separadamente nos dois subgrupos com PA sist&#243;lica de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg e entre 120&#8208;129<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#46; Em subgrupo&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos encontra&#8208;se expresso sobre as respetivas colunas&#46; &#42; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 significativamente diferente dos NTs e HBBs do mesmo subgrupo&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TAS&#58; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#59; TAD&#58; press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica&#59; FC&#58; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#59; PP&#58; press&#227;o diferencial&#59; PP central amplifica&#231;&#227;o&#58; amplifica&#231;&#227;o central&#8208;perif&#233;rica da PP&#59; AIx&#58; &#237;ndice de aumenta&#231;&#227;o ajustado &#224; FC 75&#47;min&#59; TFG&#58; taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular&#59; AASI&#58; &#237;ndice rigidez a&#243;rtica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Non&#8208;dippers</span>&#58; percentagem de indiv&#237;duos com descida noturna da TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37;&#59; microalbumin&#250;ria &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; percentagem de indiv&#237;duos com excre&#231;&#227;o urin&#225;ria de albumina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NTs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">316&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">691&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mulheres &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS casual &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">143<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAD casual &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAD 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FC 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;b&#47;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS noite &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAS noite &#40;mm Hg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e valores da PA casual e ambulat&#243;ria&#44; da velocidade da onda de pulso &#40;VOP&#41; nos tr&#234;s grupos normotensos &#40;NTs&#41;&#44; hipertensos da bata branca &#40;HBBs&#41; e hipertensos &#40;HTs&#41;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality&#58; the Dublin outcome study"
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                      "titulo" => "Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans&#58; an AHA scientific statement from the Council on High Blood Pressure Research Professional and Public Education Subcommittee"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                      "titulo" => "Variability between current definitions of &#8216;normal&#8217; ambulatory blood pressure&#46; Implications in the assessment of white coat hypertension"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Hypertension&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "White coat hypertension&#58; time for action"
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                          "etal" => false
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation&#46;"
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ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Português
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2019 Novembro 371 37 408
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2017 Agosto 45 11 56
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