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may influence the choice of strategy for reperfusion and definitive revascularization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The increasing use of PCI over the last decade is based on studies that support the effectiveness of this approach in securing and maintaining coronary artery patency&#44; in particular avoiding some of the bleeding risks of fibrinolysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a> The reduction of restenosis in the target lesion by 60&#37;&#8211;70&#37; when drug-eluting stents &#40;DES&#41; are used instead of bare-metal stents &#40;BMS&#41; has also contributed to the exponential growth of PCI for revascularization of patients with coronary disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;10</span></a> Many randomized controlled trials have documented that primary PCI is superior to intravenous thrombolysis for the treatment of STEMI&#44; thus contributing to a growing trend for the use of PCI in STEMI patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In patients with non-ST-elevation ACS &#40;NSTE-ACS&#41;&#44; risk stratification should be performed as early as possible to identify high-risk individuals&#46; Only high-risk patients with NSTE-ACS benefit from an early invasive approach such as PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In Portugal&#44; according to the Portuguese Registry of ACS&#44; use of PCI rose from 14&#46;8&#37; and 24&#46;9&#37; in 2002 to 50&#46;2&#37; and 38&#46;3&#37; in 2008 for patients presenting with STEMI and NSTE-ACS&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; the interventional cardiologist chooses a specific stent type based on the risk-benefit profile for each case&#46; In general&#44; DES should be considered in all clinical conditions and lesion subsets&#44; except if there are concerns or contraindications for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> There are particular situations in which the use of DES is strongly recommended&#44; including in the presence of left main artery disease&#44; diabetes&#44; saphenous vein grafts&#44; small vessels &#40;&#60;2&#46;5 mm diameter&#41;&#44; long lesions&#44; bifurcations&#44; multiple lesions and in-stent restenosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Besides clinical considerations&#44; it is important to note that DES were two or three times more expensive than BMS in the recent past and this factor may influence the choice of stent used in clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; the aim of this work was to describe the use of BMS vs&#46; DES in patients with ACS undergoing PCI in routine practice in Portuguese hospitals&#44; according to patients&#8217; demographic and clinical characteristics and institutional characteristics&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient data were collected in the framework of the EURopean HOspital Benchmarking by Outcomes in acute coronary syndrome Processes &#40;EURHOBOP&#41; project&#44; which was a multicenter and multinational retrospective study of patients diagnosed with ACS consecutively discharged from 70 European hospitals &#40;in Finland&#44; France&#44; Germany&#44; Greece&#44; Italy&#44; Portugal and Spain&#41;&#46; This study only considers patients admitted to the 10 Portuguese hospitals&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Portuguese hospitals</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data from public hospitals&#44; from North to South and East to West of the country&#44; serving both urban and rural populations and with different levels of specialization &#40;with or without a catheterization laboratory or cardiac surgery department&#41;&#44; were included&#46; Participating hospitals are listed in the Acknowledgments section&#46; Of the 10 Portuguese hospitals&#44; five had a catheterization laboratory and only three had a cardiac surgery department&#46; The number of beds ranged from 280 to 1124&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Study participants</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From each hospital&#44; retrospective data on 300 consecutive patients from the year 2009 were collected&#46; In hospitals where the annual number of cases was insufficient to obtain the 300-patient sample&#44; the recruitment period was extended back to 2008&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 3009 ACS patients were included in the final sample&#46; In this study&#44; patients without PCI or stent implantation during PCI&#44; and patients with PCI but with missing data on stent type implanted &#40;n&#61;1793&#41;&#44; were excluded&#44; as were all patients who had both types of stent &#40;DES and BMS&#41; implanted during the same episode &#40;n&#61;22&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data collection</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were collected by trained medical record extractors using a standardized data collection form&#46; The main source of information was the discharge letter&#44; however information on emergency room records and laboratory information systems were also accessed whenever available&#46; Information was extracted on the type of diagnosis&#44; demographic characteristics&#44; previous medical history&#44; clinical and laboratory admission data&#44; procedures used during hospitalization&#44; severity indicators and complications during hospitalization&#46; Information on age&#44; gender&#44; main hospital stay characteristics and vital status was available for all patients&#46; Since information collected on previous medical history is highly relevant for treatment and prognosis&#44; we assumed that information on previous coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors was reported in the files&#46; Therefore&#44; when nothing was stated in the records regarding these issues&#44; we assumed they did not exist&#46; Patients with non-classifiable ACS type due to either subacute presentation or left bundle branch block of unknown duration or with missing data on this variable were included in the overall analysis&#44; but excluded from the analysis of the type of stent use according to the type of diagnosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patients included in this study&#46; The chi-square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; when applicable&#44; were used to compare the characteristics of patients implanted with BMS or DES&#46; Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the association of patient and hospital stay characteristics with the stent type used during PCI&#46; All variables were initially included in the model&#46; Age and gender were forced to stay&#44; regardless of their effect in this sample&#46; Variables were then removed that had no significant association with the stent type implanted &#40;BMS or DES&#41; and no confounding role in the effect of other predictors &#40;based on a change of over 10&#37; in the regression coefficients&#41;&#44; one at a time&#44; until the final model&#46; Initially patients with STEMI and NSTE-ACS were analyzed separately&#44; but since the determinants of stent type used were not significantly different&#44; as assessed by interaction terms&#44; it was decided to analyze all ACS together&#44; including the type of ACS as an additional covariable&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">STATA version 12&#46;0 &#40;Stata Corporation&#44; College Station&#44; Texas&#44; USA&#41; was used for data analysis and a p value &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Ethics</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ethics committee of the University of Porto Medical School and the National Commission for Data Protection approved the study&#46; These two entities agreed that it would not be necessary to ask for patients&#8217; informed consent&#44; since the study was based on the collection of retrospective clinical data from medical records during hospitalization&#44; and the confidentiality of patients&#8217; identification was assured&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 1194 consecutive patients with stent implantation had a mean age of 64 &#40;standard deviation 13&#41; years and three-quarters were men&#46; One-third were smokers&#44; one-third had diabetes and two-thirds had a history of hypertension&#46; A total of 425 patients &#40;36&#37;&#41; received a BMS&#44; while 769 patients &#40;64&#37;&#41; received a DES&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In univariate analysis&#44; those with previous PCI and male gender had higher rates of DES implantation&#44; while BMS had been chosen more frequently in older patients&#44; in patients with previous history of stroke&#44; previous anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation&#44; and anemia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; In STEMI patients&#44; BMS were used more frequently than DES &#40;61&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 47&#46;9&#37;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Patients in whom the left anterior descending artery &#40;LAD&#41; was treated had a higher rate of DES implantation&#44; whereas a higher rate of BMS implantation was seen in the right coronary artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In multivariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; DES use was more frequent in ACS patients with previous PCI &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; 2&#46;02&#41;&#44; LAD treated &#40;OR 2&#46;58&#41;&#44; in those initially admitted to a hospital with a catheterization laboratory &#40;OR 1&#46;40&#41; and NSTE-ACS patients &#40;OR 1&#46;80&#41;&#46; Age under 45 &#40;OR 0&#46;63&#41; or over 80 &#40;OR 0&#46;17&#41;&#44; anemia &#40;OR 0&#46;56&#41;&#44; and previous anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation &#40;OR 0&#46;25&#41; were associated with a lower likelihood of DES use&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study involved a retrospective review of the medical records and discharge letters of a large sample of ACS patients&#46; It enabled us to generate an insightful overview of clinical patterns of stent use in the routine care of patients diagnosed with ACS who underwent elective or primary PCI in 10 Portuguese hospitals&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall&#44; 65&#37; of patients who were diagnosed with STEMI or NSTE-ACS were implanted with a DES&#46; This frequency is similar to that in other observational studies examining the use of DES and BMS in patients undergoing PCI across Europe&#44; particularly in Mediterranean countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Ramcharitar et al&#46; showed the highest frequency of DES use in northern Europe &#40;69&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by western Europe &#40;64&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; Mediterranean countries &#40;60&#46;4&#37;&#41; and central Europe &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41; for the period 2005&#8211;2006&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In the same period&#44; DES use in patients with STEMI in seven countries ranged from 6&#46;8&#37; to 72&#46;1&#37; &#40;Poland&#44; 6&#46;8&#37;&#59; Slovenia&#44; 13&#46;5&#37;&#59; Finland&#44; 15&#46;1&#37;&#59; Spain&#44; 16&#46;0&#37;&#59; Sweden&#44; 28&#46;4&#37;&#59; Italy&#44; 37&#46;8&#37;&#59; Germany&#44; 72&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In our study&#44; 59&#37; of patients with STEMI received DES in 2009&#46; The differences observed between countries may be related to uncertainty concerning the risk&#47;benefit ratio of DES use and variations in characteristics of cardiac patients in Europe at that time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> However&#44; concerns over the safety of DES were not substantiated and there was subsequently an increase in DES implantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> The representativeness of these studies&#8217; samples and the heterogeneity of the populations involved may have contributed to the observed differences&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elderly patients are typically not included in randomized trials due to comorbidities and prescription of multiple medications associated with their age&#44; which limits the evidence on the influence of age on stent type selection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Increasing age is associated with increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation and consequently chronic oral anticoagulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; DES as compared to BMS among elderly patients were associated with lower mortality and myocardial infarction risk&#44; without a significant difference in rates of repeat revascularization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Drug-eluting stents appear to be safe and effective in the elderly in clinical practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; more studies are needed to validate this data and to verify the possible effects of antiplatelet agents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Our study and others reported older age as an independent predictor of the stent type&#44; with a tendency to less use of DES with increasing age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;23</span></a> A higher use of BMS in very young ACS patients may be explained by the angiographic characteristics of the disease&#44; i&#46;e&#46; if these patients were often being treated in large caliber vessels&#46; In this retrospective study&#44; we did not have sufficiently detailed data on angiographic results to be able to test this interpretation&#44; which should be explored in future studies&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with a history of bleeding are typically considered as having the highest risk of rebleeding with anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy during and after coronary intervention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> BMS are therefore recommended rather than DES in patients with anemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Compliance with this recommendation was observed in our results&#44; which showed that anemia was an independent predictor of BMS use&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; patients with a history of anticoagulation and patients with atrial fibrillation were pooled due to administration of anticoagulation therapy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> and this has been associated with high risk of bleeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> There is a lack of published data on appropriate antithrombotic strategies in patients with anticoagulated atrial fibrillation presenting ACS and undergoing PCI with stent implantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; the guidelines advise the use of the CHADS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> and HAS-BLED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> scores to assess these patients&#8217; bleeding risk&#46; Both the European Society of Cardiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> and a North American consensus document<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> recommend the use of BMS in patients at high risk of bleeding and discourage the use of DES in patients with atrial fibrillation due to the need for dual antiplatelet therapy after stent implantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> In the present study anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation was an independent predictor of BMS use&#44; showing general compliance with these recommendations&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study suggests that previous PCI was an independent predictor of DES use&#44; as in the EUROTRANSFER Registry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> However&#44; this result should be treated with caution&#44; because information on whether the previous PCI was performed in the same vessel was not available&#46; The lack of data regarding the type of stent previously implanted was also a limitation&#46; In addition&#44; it is unknown whether the PCI performed was due to restenosis or in-stent thrombosis&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PCI in the LAD is associated with a higher rate of both restenosis and in-stent thrombosis&#44; and so DES are recommended whenever possible&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> However&#44; there is no evidence of benefit in DES use compared to BMS in nonostial proximal lesions of the LAD&#44; and some authors prefer BMS from a cost&#47;benefit perspective in LAD nonostial proximal lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> The LAD as the infarct-related artery was a strong independent predictor of DES use in this study&#44; as also reported in the EUROTRANSFER Registry<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and the EuroPCI Survey&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Due to the retrospective nature of this study&#44; we did not have detailed angiographic data&#44; and the distribution and anatomical characteristics of lesions could have influenced the choice of stent type&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also assessed whether in-hospital characteristics had an influence on the choice of stent type&#44; independently of patient characteristics&#46; Patients initially admitted to hospitals without a catheterization laboratory had a lower probability of having a DES implanted&#46; For example&#44; in the case of STEMI diagnosis&#44; late arrival to referral hospitals and the perception of lack of myocardial viability may have led interventionists to preferentially implant BMS in these patients&#46; Furthermore&#44; cases referred to other hospitals for intervention may have had characteristics not considered in this analysis that may have influenced the choice of stent type&#44; such as general condition and comorbidities&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Current guidelines recommend the use of DES in diabetic patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In this study&#44; diabetes was not an independent predictor of the type of stent implanted&#46; In 2009&#44; when the patients in this study were treated&#44; there was evidence of a higher risk of death with DES compared to BMS in diabetic patients&#44; particularly if the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy was &#60;6 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">NSTE-ACS patients were more often treated with DES&#46; This difference most likely results from the anatomic characteristics of the vessel and the lesion&#46; No detailed information regarding these characteristics was available in our database&#44; but it would be interesting to explore the putative mechanisms involved in future studies&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with DES than in those treated with BMS &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; as has also been documented in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38&#8211;41</span></a> This difference could be related to the severity of the event&#44; patients implanted with BMS being more likely to have associated comorbidities&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Study limitations</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the retrospective nature of this study&#44; the validity of the conclusions relies on the accuracy and completeness of the original documentation&#46; It was assumed that previous coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors did not exist if nothing was reported in the files regarding such issues&#46; To assess the impact of this decision&#44; we compared the prevalence of the characteristics included in this study with data published by the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which were similar&#46; Although we had information on the most important variables to address our objectives&#44; it should be acknowledged that it would have been better to have detailed angiographic data and lesion classification&#46; Additionally&#44; this study only reflects practice in the participating hospitals and does not represent overall stent use in Portugal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclusions</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this analysis&#44; 65&#37; of ACS patients were implanted with a DES&#44; and this type of stent was less frequently implanted in patients diagnosed with STEMI&#44; patients aged over 80 years&#44; in females&#44; in patients with a previous history of stroke&#44; anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation&#44; and anemia&#46; Patients who had previously undergone PCI and those with the LAD as the infarct-related artery more frequently had DES implanted than BMS&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Funding</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was supported by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Executive Agency for Health and Consumers</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">2008 13 12 - EURHOBOP</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The interventional cardiologist chooses a specific stent type based on the risk-benefit profile for each case&#46; In general&#44; drug-eluting stents should be considered in all clinical conditions&#44; except if there are concerns or contraindications for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy&#46; The aim of this work was to describe the use of bare-metal vs&#46; drug-eluting stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PCI&#41; after an acute coronary syndrome in Portuguese hospitals&#44; according to patients&#8217; demographic and clinical characteristics and institutional characteristics&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Within the EURopean Hospital Benchmarking Processes &#40;EURHOBOP&#41; study&#44; we retrospectively assessed 3009 consecutive patients in 10 Portuguese hospitals in 2009&#46; Only patients with stents implanted during PCI &#40;n&#61;1194&#41; were analyzed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 425 patients &#40;36&#37;&#41; received a bare-metal stent and 769 patients &#40;64&#37;&#41; received a drug-eluting stent&#46; A history of previous PCI&#44; current non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#44; anterior descending artery as the infarct-related artery and being initially admitted to a hospital with a catheterization laboratory were associated with drug-eluting stent implantation&#46; Age under 45 or over 80&#44; anemia and previous anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation were associated with bare-metal stent use&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approximately two-thirds of patients received drug-eluting stents&#44; which were less frequently implanted in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#44; aged over 80 years&#44; female&#44; with a previous history of stroke&#44; anticoagulation and&#47;or atrial fibrillation and anemia&#46; Patients who had previously undergone PCI and those with the anterior descending artery as the infarct-related artery were more likely to receive a drug-eluting stent&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and Objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tipo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> &#233; selecionado com base numa an&#225;lise de risco-benef&#237;cio individual&#46; Em geral&#44; os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stents</span> revestidos devem ser considerados&#44; exceto se existirem preocupa&#231;&#245;es ou contraindica&#231;&#245;es para a terap&#234;utica antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stents</span> met&#225;licos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> revestidos em doentes submetidos a angioplastia ap&#243;s s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda em hospitais Portugueses&#44; de acordo com caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos doentes&#44; e institucionais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No estudo EURHOBOP&#44; em 3009 doentes internados consecutivamente em 10 hospitais portugueses por s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda&#44; 1194 foram submetidos a implanta&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> durante interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 425 doentes &#40;36&#37;&#41; receberam um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> met&#225;lico e 769 &#40;64&#37;&#41; receberam um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> revestido&#46; Verificamos que doentes com uma hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea&#44; com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento-ST&#44; intervencionados na art&#233;ria descendente anterior e admitidos num hospital com laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica mais frequentemente receberam <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> revestido&#46; Contudo&#44; um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> met&#225;lico foi mais frequentemente usado quer em doentes jovens &#40;&#60;45 anos&#41; quer muito idosos &#40;mais de 80 anos&#41;&#44; an&#233;micos e com uma hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o e&#47;ou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aproximadamente dois ter&#231;os dos doentes receberam um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> revestido&#44; menos frequentemente em enfarte com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST&#44; idade superior a 80 anos&#44; mulheres ou hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de acidente vascular cerebral&#44; anticoagula&#231;&#227;o e&#47;ou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular ou anemia&#46; Doentes com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea e com enfarte no territ&#243;rio da art&#233;ria descendente anterior tinham mais probabilidade de receber um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> revestido&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Institution where the work was performed&#58; Department of Clinical Epidemiology&#44; Predictive Medicine and Public Health&#44; University of Porto Medical School&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Vitor Barros and Marta Pereira contributed equally to this work&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2142
            "Ancho" => 2006
            "Tamanyo" => 146502
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart illustrating the selection process for the present study&#46; ACS&#58; acute coronary syndrome&#59; BMS&#58; bare-metal stent&#59; DES&#58; drug-eluting stent&#59; PCI&#58; percutaneous coronary intervention&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1492
            "Ancho" => 1657
            "Tamanyo" => 130098
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Type of stent used according to the vessel treated&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ACS&#58; acute coronary syndrome&#59; AF&#58; atrial fibrillation&#59; BMS&#58; bare-metal stent&#59; CABG&#58; coronary artery bypass grafting&#59; DES&#58; drug-eluting stent&#59; NSTE-ACS&#58; non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome&#59; PCI&#58; percutaneous coronary intervention&#59; STEMI&#58; ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Overall&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stent type</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BMS&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DES&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Demographic and clinical characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38 &#40;8&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;8&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#8211;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">987 &#40;82&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">309 &#40;72&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">678 &#40;88&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">105 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78 &#40;18&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">887 &#40;74&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">301 &#40;70&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">586 &#40;76&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;042&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">307 &#40;25&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124 &#40;29&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">183 &#40;23&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous medical history</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">398 &#40;33&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127 &#40;29&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">271 &#40;35&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;060&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">317 &#40;26&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100 &#40;23&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">217 &#40;28&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;079&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">767 &#40;64&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">276 &#40;64&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">491 &#40;63&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;706&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Myocardial infarction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">191 &#40;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127 &#40;16&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stroke&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;6&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124 &#40;10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95 &#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CABG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;4&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;668&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;436&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anticoagulation and&#47;or AF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal failure<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;5&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;7&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;159&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alzheimer&#39;s disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;594&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">227 &#40;19&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;24&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">125 &#40;16&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:1.0px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Characteristics of current ACS</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of ACS</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>STEMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">613 &#40;52&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">252 &#40;61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">361 &#40;47&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NSTE-ACS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">550 &#40;47&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158 &#40;38&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">392 &#40;52&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In-hospital characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Catheterization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">756 &#40;63&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">258 &#40;60&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">498 &#40;64&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;164&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In-hospital outcomes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Length of hospital stay&#44; days<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;4&#8211;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;4&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;4&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vital status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1162 &#40;97&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">402 &#40;94&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">760 &#40;98&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dead&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Anemia defined as hemoglobin &#60;13 g&#47;dl for males and &#60;12 g&#47;dl for females&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Median &#40;25th-75th percentile&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline clinical characteristics of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation&#44; according to type of stent used&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AF&#58; atrial fibrillation&#59; CI&#58; confidence interval&#59; LAD&#58; left anterior descending artery&#59; NSTE-ACS&#58; non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; STEMI&#58; ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;40&#8211;0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#8211;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;10&#8211;0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female gender &#40;vs&#46; male&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;24&#8211;3&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;41&#8211;0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;13&#8211;0&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;35&#8211;2&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;97&#8211;3&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Catheterization in the hospital &#40;vs&#46; not&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;05&#8211;1&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Anemia defined as hemoglobin &#60;13 g&#47;dl for males and &#60;12 g&#47;dl for females&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Independent predictors of the use of drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute coronary syndromes&#58; diagnosis and management&#44; Part II"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kumar"
                            1 => "C&#46;P&#46; Cannon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60674-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mayo Clin Proc"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "84"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1021"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1036"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19880693"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "2011 ACCF&#47;AHA&#47;SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention&#46; A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation&#47;American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46;N&#46; Levine"
                            1 => "E&#46;R&#46; Bates"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Blankenship"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "44"
                        "paginaFinal" => "122"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term benefit of primary angioplasty as compared with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for acute myocardial infarction"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
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        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was supported by the Executive Agency for Health and Consumers &#40;2008 13 12 - EURHOBOP&#41; and the authors would like to thank Prof&#46; Jaume Marrugat&#44; coordinator of the project&#44; for the opportunity to participate in this multicenter European study&#44; within the scope of which we obtained the data used for the current report&#46; The authors gratefully acknowledge the collaboration of the hospitals and local researchers who participated in the EURHOBOP study in Portugal&#58; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia&#47;Espinho &#40;Vasco Gama Ribeiro&#44; Gustavo Pires de Morais&#41;&#44; Centro Hospitalar do Porto &#40;Severo Torres&#44; M&#225;rio Santos&#41;&#44; Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira &#40;Miguel Castelo Branco&#41;&#44; Centro Hospitalar de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o &#40;Paula Dias&#44; S&#237;lvia Marta Oliveira&#41;&#44; Hospital de Faro &#40;Il&#237;dio de Jesus&#44; Jorge Mimoso&#41;&#44; Hospital Pedro Hispano &#40;Filomena Monteiro&#41;&#44; Unidade Hospitalar de Bragan&#231;a &#40;Domingos Fernandes&#41;&#44; Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave &#40;Jo&#227;o Almeida&#44; Filipa Can&#225;rio Almeida&#44; Francisco Castro Ferreira&#41;&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte &#40;Ant&#243;nio Nunes Diogo&#44; Maria Jos&#233; Correia&#41;&#44; Hospital de Santo Andr&#233; &#8211; Leiria &#40;Jo&#227;o Morais&#44; Sidarth Pernencar&#41;&#44; as well as Ana Bastos&#44; Lu&#237;sa Concei&#231;&#227;o and Ricardo Soares&#44; who participated in the data collection&#46;</p>"
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