Fostering diffusion of scientific contents of National Society Cardiovascular Journals: The new ESC search engine

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On the left, there is a toolbar with a ﬁltering system to reﬁne the search." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "The National Society Cardiovascular Journals (NSCJs) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) are high-quality biomedical journals devoted to publishing original research and educative material on cardiovascular diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> These journals ofﬁcially belong to the corresponding ESC National Cardiac Societies. Many of them have achieved major international recognition, are included in most important bibliometric databases, and have made major scientiﬁc impact.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–5</a> Some NSCJs offer full-text English content and are freely available in electronic editions. However, NSCJs are largely heterogeneous and some of them are only published in local languages with a limited visibility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a>The main goal of biomedical journals is to publish high-quality scientiﬁc information. To achieve this goal, journals should compete for the best research carried out in their ﬁeld, the ‘prestige’ of the journal being the main driver to attract original contributions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> In turn, a journal's prestige is based on credibility, diffusion and scientiﬁc impact.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> To ensure that the scientiﬁc process is fully respected, journals rely in the ‘peer review’ system. This process not only allows the editors to select the best possible material for publication, but also assures the readers that the quality of the information follows the highest scientiﬁc standards. In fact, the process signiﬁcantly improves the ﬁnal quality of manuscripts eventually published. Once an article is definitely accepted for publication, the journal should guarantee its expedited publication and widespread diffusion among the scientiﬁc community.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a>The Editors’ Network of the ESC provides a unique platform for devising editorial initiatives aimed to improve the scientiﬁc quality, and facilitate diffusion of the contents of NSCJs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–5</a> Herein we will discuss the importance of the internet and electronic editions in scientiﬁc publishing. We will also review the growing relevance of open access (OA) strategies. Last but not least, we will propose a new initiative based on a novel electronic tool that may further help to increase the diffusion, dissemination and overall visibility of NSCJs. This tool, located on the ESC website, should foster collaboration among the different NSCJs and also broaden exposure from diverse scientiﬁc sites and ESC ofﬁcial journals. Hopefully, this will help to further expand the scientiﬁc impact of European cardiovascular research.1ELECTRONIC EDITIONS AND THE INTERNET: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHINGSharing the results of late breaking research through peer-reviewed journals remains the mainstay of the scientiﬁc process and progress in science.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> The success of research requires articles to be read, spread, discussed and cited by interested investigators. Therefore, in the fast moving and globalised world of science, journals should ensure maximal accessibility and diffusion of their articles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> Indeed, most publications have already moved into a new ‘online era’ where the emphasis is placed on the internet and electronic editions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> Just a few years ago, scholars did all their reading in paper journal issues obtained as personal copies circulating within their organisations, or by retrieving issues from library archives.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> Today the predominant reading mode is to download a digital copy and either read it directly on the screen or as a printout.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> Currently, readers and investigators readily retrieve articles with just a click on their home or ofﬁce computers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a>Interestingly, the internet not only affects research but also clinical practice. Nowadays, physicians are often approached and challenged by patients who have downloaded medical information from the internet. Often they face either unnecessarily worried patients or patients with unrealistic expectations. Although some patients are confused, others are overinformed and demand in-depth explanations regarding their diagnosis, management and prognosis. Patient-oriented information should be provided by scientiﬁc societies to address these demands. Therefore, even everyday clinical practice should accommodate the sociocultural change induced by the internet.Access to medical information has been revolutionised by electronic editions. Likewise, bibliometric databases are also evolving. Medline, the ISI Web of Science and, more recently, Scopus offer comprehensive online information on medical literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8–11</a> In addition, Google Scholar is increasingly used by many investigators.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8–11</a> Scopus and, especially, Google Scholar obtain data from larger data sources including widely diverse scientiﬁc items (not only ISI publications) and therefore offer a slightly different perspective on the ﬁeld. Interestingly, Google Scholar is free, and various studies suggest that it provides accurate search and data analyses that differ little from those obtained from classical bibliometric sources.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8–11</a>Traditionally, the most commonly used source of bibliometric data is the Thomson ISI Web of Knowledge, in particular the Science Citation Index and the Journal Citation Reports, which provide the yearly journal Impact Factors. Recently, other indicators such as SCImago scientiﬁc journal rank (SJR) and the Eigenfactor have emerged as alternative indices of a journal's quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8–11</a> These consider not only the number but also the ‘quality’ or relevance of the citations received by a given paper. Quantitative publication metrics (research output) and citation analyses (scientiﬁc inﬂuence) are key determinants of the scientiﬁc success of individual investigators and institutions because the ‘publish or perish’ dictum still prevails in most academic settings.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8–11</a> In this scenario, electronic editions and accessibility on the internet certainly play a critical role. Nowadays, once a paper is electronically published on a journal website, the information can propagate rapidly in the community, and extremely high downloads could be the result of mechanisms such as the ‘Matthew effect’ (richer get richer).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> Indeed, the relationship between the number of citations acquired by an article and the number of downloads has been explored.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> Hit counts on a journal website for an article during the week after its online publication predict the number of citations of that article in subsequent years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> Of note, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are being increasingly used in scientiﬁc publications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> Citation of URLs provides the possibility of calculating an objective electronic Impact Factor (eIF) to measure their impact on scientiﬁc research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> However, the stability of URLs remains a matter of concern, and this should be guaranteed by the responsible organisation because URLs are vulnerable to technical problems and may become inaccessible in a time-dependent manner.Notably, the internet offers a new window into science and provides new insights on access and use of research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> Currently, web-usage data can be analysed in depth to outline a ‘map of knowledge’. According to Butler,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> when readers click from one page to another while looking through online scientiﬁc journals, they generate a chain of connections between links they think belong together. These ‘click- stream events’ may be analysed to map such connections and to provide a snapshot of interconnections between disciplines. Usage maps reveal how often users looking at an article in journal A moved on to an article in journal B during a browser session. By aggregating all these complex relationships using network-visualisation algorithms, maps can be generated based on the ‘distances’ between journals and disciplines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> The structure of these maps is quite similar to those created using citation data: a network of clusters in different ﬁelds within which journals have strong connections with one another but fewer links to other clusters. Interestingly, journals in the humanities and social sciences ﬁgure much more prominently in these maps than in citation-based maps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> Another key difference between citation- and usage-based maps is that the former only reﬂect citations by researchers who publish, and ignore the impact of papers on the medical community who read and apply the literature in medical practice but who rarely publish. Citation data may undervalue papers written in practitioner-based ﬁelds that are widely read but not cited proportionally.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> Moreover, usage maps are more up-to-date than citation ones because of the inherent delay in publication, therefore providing a different time slice of the scientiﬁc process. Accordingly, both usage and citation data each provide complementary information on the impact of papers and journals on the scientiﬁc community.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a>Electronic editions provide unique publishing possibilities and open up new venues in scientiﬁc communication.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> For instance, they offer a ﬂexible layout and structure for articles, new formats and the possibility of including additional documentation attached to the paper as media enhancements (videos, etc.). Important sections such as methods and additional data can be now presented as supplementary material without additional cost. Electronic managing systems facilitate both the processes of peer review and publishing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> Open peer review and even post-publication readers’ comments can be uploaded on the journal website, facilitating interactivity and a more transparent and dynamic scientiﬁc process. Finally, statistics on electronic papers (downloads and citation metrics) are offered for the interest of readers and researchers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a>Publicly available data are advocated as a means to further promote transparency in research and more open science.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">18–20</a> Online editions allow the publication of longer papers free from the economic burden of print charges. Posting the complete anonymised ‘raw dataset’ has been advocated in this regard.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">18–20</a> The raw data can be used to conﬁrm original results by independent analyses and also to explore related or new hypotheses, particularly when combined with other publicly available datasets. From an ethical perspective, it appears unacceptable that, while patients are willing to share data about themselves with investigators and sponsors, the latter may be unwilling to share the trial data with others. Data sharing among genomic investigators has already been successful. However, this strategy may cause concerns such as inappropriate analyses, ‘data dredging’ and drawing inappropriate conclusions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">18–20</a> The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has developed guidelines for the preparation of raw clinical data for publication.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> Interestingly, this practice has been associated with a 69% increase in citations, independently of journal Impact Factor, date of publication and author country of origin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> The correlation between publicly available data and increased literature impact may further motivate investigators to share their detailed research data.On the other hand, Web 2.0 has also been increasingly used in the medical ﬁeld.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">21–25</a> RSS feeds, podcasts, personal publishing platforms (blogs), social networks (such as Twitter and Facebook) and social media are proposed as innovative tools for educating and updating clinicians. They allow physicians to distribute, share and comment on medical information.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">21–25</a> However, the scientiﬁc community is less than eager to regard them as equivalent to the traditional models of information dissemination in peer-reviewed medical journals. In this regard, some have proposed that platforms of post-publication peer review may provide the required safeguard in this new setting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> In addition, intuitive browsing of journal content on smartphones and the iPad is being provided by a growing number of publications (including the European Heart Journal)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">24,25</a> to enhance diffusion of contents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> Furthermore, some Web 2.0 technologies facilitate collaborative data collection for clinical trials.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> Google Docs, for instance, is freely available and allows multiple users to enter patient data into electronic case report forms of multicentre trials through mobile devices.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a>Finally, we should keep in mind that English represents the ‘lingua franca’ of science. This is important, and efforts should be made within the ESC to prevent tower-of-Babel phenomena in the digital era.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> However, this may create major problems and unique challenges for non-English-speaking investigators and countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> In fact, some NSCJs only publish in their mother tongue and are therefore not readily accessible to the international scientiﬁc community. Some NSCJs have decided to publish their articles in both their native language and English, to address healthcare professionals and international scholars, respectively. Difﬁcult concepts are easier to remember in the mother tongue. Interestingly, Public Library of Science journals encourage non-English-speaking authors to provide a version of their article in their original language as supporting material.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a> Science should not be considered an ‘ivory tower’ separated from the rest of society, but rather imbedded in it to facilitate its cultural assimilation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a>2SOME EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES ON ‘OPEN ACCESS’ INITIATIVESThe internet and electronic editions set the basis for OA initiatives.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">28,29</a> The two main characteristics of OA publications are: (1) all published contents are freely accessible through the internet; (2) readers are given copyright permission as long as authors and publishers receive adequate attribution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> In turn, this model requires two major changes from the traditional subscription-based model. First, OA shifts the ﬁnancing of publication from readers (subscription fees from individuals or universities) to authors and investigators (through the corresponding funding organisation or academic institutions) by means of article-processing fees.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> Second, the copyright is no longer used to prevent, but rather to stimulate, republication. Subscription-based journals usually require authors to transfer the copyright to the journal so that they are empowered to restrict access to paying customers and threaten competing publications with infringement lawsuits. Major subscription-based journals are partly ﬁnanced by individuals and medical societies but mainly by bundled e-license agreements between publishers and universities or librarians.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">28,29</a> Individual electronic articles can also be accessed on a pay-per-view basis. Readers are charged one way or the other in the traditional way, whereas authors and investigators are charged in the OA model.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">28,29</a> Some commercial publishers charge authors a publication fee to substitute for subscription revenue while signiﬁcantly limiting reuse. These initiatives, however, should not be considered real OA. Some traditional publishers have recently instituted ‘hybrid’ initiatives where authors are allowed (after paying a fee) to make individual articles OA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">28,29</a>In the early 90s, pioneer OA journals were founded by individual investigators based on voluntary work and were usually hosted in individual or university servers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a> Thereafter, many established journals made their articles OA when they implemented their digital editions in parallel with print editions. This was especially the case for ofﬁcial journals of medical societies and in non-English-speaking countries in an attempt to increase their readership and impact.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> In the last decade, new, formal, OA journals have ﬂourished using article-processing charges to ﬁnance publications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a> Interestingly, some major publishers (BioMed Central, Public Library of Science) have specialised in OA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a> OA has two major pathways: ‘gold’ OA (via direct publishing) and ‘green’ OA (traditional publication in subscription-based journals with parallel open posting of the ﬁnal manuscript on the web). Green OA is delivered by repositories, whereas gold OA is delivered by journals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a> Licences range from any kind of reuse provided that proper attribution is made (CC-BY) to those that limit commercial use (CC-BY-NC).31The health of the free-access author-pay model can be demonstrated by data showing the steady growth of papers published in OA journals (20% per year) and also in the number of OA journals (15% per year), either as new journals or traditional journals switching to this model.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> Currently, 30% of all peer-review journals in the world are OA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a>OA beneﬁts science by accelerating dissemination and uptake of research ﬁndings. A major advantage of OA is that readers can use any web-based research tool to access and review the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> These articles are quickly recognised and their results are readily picked up and discussed by peers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> As already mentioned, there are two main modalities of OA: OA journals and self-archiving. Interestingly, some studies suggest that articles immediately published as OA on the journal site (gold route) have higher impact than self-archived or otherwise openly accessible OA articles (green route).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a>Overall OA initiatives increase diffusion of content, citations and eventually the Impact Factor of the corresponding journals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">33–35</a> Early studies analysed the effect of ‘online status’ on the Impact Factor of biomedical journals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> They found that providing online access with ‘full text on the net’ increases the visibility of a journal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> In addition, the presence of journals on Medline as ‘full text on the net’ also boosts their Impact Factor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a> This bias is explained by the tendency to peruse what is more readily available.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a> OA initiatives also appear to increase the Impact Factor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">33–35</a> However, some argue that this effect may confound between open and electronic access. Nevertheless, recent reports suggest that, in most developed countries, journal articles receive an increase in citations when they come online freely, but experience an additional jump when they ﬁrst come online through commercial sources.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">35</a> This effect appears to be reversed in poor countries, where free-access articles are much more likely to be cited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">35</a> All together, these ﬁndings suggest that free internet access widens the circle of those who read and make use of scientiﬁc research. In addition, this ‘OA impact advantage’ does not appear to be a ‘quality bias’ from authors self- selecting what to make OA, because some studies suggest that this advance persists after adjustment for many other potential confounders related to the editorial and research quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a>Interestingly, a randomised trial on OA publishing analysed the effects of free access on article downloads and citations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a> Articles placed in the OA condition received signiﬁcantly more downloads and reached a broader audience within the ﬁrst year. However, in this particular study, OA articles were cited no more frequently, nor earlier, than subscription-access articles within 3 years. It was suggested that the process of ‘social stratiﬁcation’, accounting for a concentration of scientiﬁc authors at a small number of elite research universities with excellent access to the scientiﬁc literature, might help to explain this apparent paradox.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a> Moreover, this controlled study suggests that the real beneﬁciaries of OA publishing may not be the research community but rather communities of medical practice that consume, but rarely contribute to, the corpus of literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a>As discussed, embargoes are currently imposed by publishers for economic reasons. This may be a signiﬁcant barrier to access in biomedical sciences. As previously emphasised, it has been suggested that users favour electronic access and often eschew articles that are not available electronically.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> In a shy attempt to tackle these problems, many journals now offer free access to all articles 6 months after publication and welcome the publication of articles as OA after a fee is paid by the authors.However, research funding bodies are becoming increasingly sensible to this ethical issue. Many would argue that it is unethical to use the research grants from government (people's money) and not allow the scientiﬁc community to have free access to the results of the study. To address such issues, the Berlin Declaration suggested the establishment of OA repositories. All investigators who have received public grants should submit the full text of the paper published from their study to PubMed Central and also ensure self- archiving at the corresponding university or research institution. Obviously, OA journals provide an attractive solution to the problem of restricted access to results of publicly funded research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a>Most countries and founding bodies are currently taking further actions to ensure OA for publicly funded research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205">41–43</a> Researchers are compelled to make their work publicly available in repositories (green road) within 12 months of publication. Other bodies even suggest that authors should make their work free by the publisher upfront (gold road). Clearly, research budgets should be reallocated with this aim, although the logistics required and the implications of this change remain a matter of ongoing debate. In July 2012, a new OA policy was announced by the European Union that recommended OA policies for all member states.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">31,41–43</a> Hopefully, this will represent a paradigm shift in scientiﬁc publishing and will herald a new era of academic discovery.3THE ESC SEARCH ENGINEIn the last decade, the amount of documents and educational material available on ESC websites has increased exponentially. This situation has led to increasing difﬁculty for users to ﬁnd the information they need. It has become obvious that a more comprehensive search solution is necessary. For this reason, the ESC decided to provide a better search experience for ESC site visitors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">44</a> The ESC search engine uses semantic analysis to provide the best results from the keywords typed in.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">45</a> This search engine project has four goals: (1) to provide a single entry point to multiple data sources (in fact, from a single entry point, the user will be able to explore an ESC-rich database of slides, scientiﬁc reports, guidelines, abstracts, clinical cases, news and articles from ESC journals); (2) to propose a tool that can treat requests expressed in natural language in a very user-friendly way; (3) to locate content that would be difﬁcult to ﬁnd or access otherwise, therefore saving precious time; (4) to allow visitors to ﬁnd content by topic or person in an intuitive way.In 2008, the ESC Board, chaired by Roberto Ferrari, decided to support the development of a semantic search engine that would be able to search for information on the ESC Central website and also on the websites of all six Associations (EHRA, EACVI [formerly EAE], EAPCI, HFA, EACPR, ACCA). This idea was based on the previously reported need to provide the user with a quick and easy way of obtaining information from hundreds of thousands of documents available on all these websites. Moreover, this engine is also looking into the ESC journals’ family where it is possible to obtain results from more than 30 000 papers! Not surprisingly, this tool is a major success, already being the second most visited page of the ESC website, with 49 853 page views, in October and November of 2012.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">46</a> With the help of this search engine, it is now extremely easy to obtain information by just typing in the keywords on the top right hand side of the screen inside the <a href="http://www.escardio.org/">http://www.escardio.org</a> landing page (ﬁgure 1). The result is a list of documents addressing that speciﬁc topic, and the user can select the ones required (ﬁgure 2).This results page contains a lot of information and functionalities. Within the document preview, you can see how the document looks (ﬁgure 2). The relevance score assigned to this document is also displayed by the search engine. The type of document is also presented (guideline, abstract, slide presentation, scientiﬁc report, news, clinical case or a web document). The document origin can also be easily identiﬁed at a glance from a small institutional logo that can also be found on the results page, just below the icon showing the type of document. It is also important to know the document's availability. A padlock symbol is displayed when a document is behind a login so that you can still see that the resource exists, meaning that its access is for members only. This tool also allows the search to be reﬁned by using ﬁlters located on the toolbar on the left. With this toolbar, the user can ﬁlter the type of document looked for (eg, only slides). It is also possible to ﬁlter only results from a given time period. During a congress, when a lot of content is published daily, the users can ﬁlter for what's new since the previous day, or only the results where a person is cited. Related terms are proposed by the engine from the keywords entered in the request to propose other related topics that could be of interest. If the same term is searched on a regular basis, the user may be interested in using the RSS feed functionality. Any search result page can be shown as an RSS feed which can be subscribed to, providing regular updates on what's new in the ﬁeld.4TIME TO INVOLVE THE NATIONAL CARDIAC SOCIETIES’ JOURNALS!This project is already in its adulthood and the time has now come to enter into a second phase of development and also involve the NSCJs. The ESC Board under Michel Komajda's presidency decided to support the development of this project. The ESC Editors’ Network also gave an enthusiastic response and decided to contact those NSCJs that are already published in an electronic format and in English. Some of them already have a signiﬁcant Impact Factor. The goal of this second phase of the project is to increase the visibility of the NSCJs and, as a consequence, to increase their readership and their level of reference in other international journals. Moreover, the excellent research that is performed at national level in many countries in Europe will become more visible worldwide.This new tool is already available and, after typing in the keywords, the user gets two results: one from the ESC documents, and a second from the NSCJs. It will be possible for the user to see both in parallel and easily move from one result to the other with a simple click. The ﬁrst NSCJs have been added to the search results and can now easily be identiﬁed and selected. The ﬁrst ﬁve journals are: Revista Española de Cardiología, Heart and Blood Vessels (journal of the Cardiology Society of Serbia), Hellenic Journal of Cardiology, Egyptian Heart Journal and Romanian Journal of Cardiology. The Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia is soon to be added. An arrangement has been made with the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, and its website is now including our search engine. This is an interesting way to raise awareness about this very useful tool and allow Brazilian cardiologists to have better access to our scientiﬁc resources. There is no doubt that providing this tool will strengthen even further the bonds between the ESC Central and the National Cardiac Societies, and European cardiovascular science will become more visible and readily accessible from any place in the world (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figures 1 and 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>5Competing interestsNone." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres507353" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "ELECTRONIC EDITIONS AND THE INTERNET: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "SOME EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES ON ‘OPEN ACCESS’ INITIATIVES" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "THE ESC SEARCH ENGINE" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "TIME TO INVOLVE THE NATIONAL CARDIAC SOCIETIES’ JOURNALS!" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Competing interests" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack166274" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "European Society of Cardiology (ESC) National Society Cardiovascular Journals (NSCJs) are high-quality biomedical journals focused on cardiovascular diseases. The Editors’ Network of the ESC devises editorial initiatives aimed at improving the scientific quality and diffusion of NSCJ. In this article we will discuss on the importance of the Internet, electronic editions and open access strategies on scientific publishing. Finally, we will propose a new editorial initiative based on a novel electronic tool on the ESC web-page that may further help to increase the dissemination of contents and visibility of NSCJs." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "◊" "nota" => "For complete affiliations of the Editors’ Network European Society of Cardiology Task Force, see Appendix A." "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "This is a joint simultaneous publication initiative involving all interested National Society Cardiovascular Journals of the European Society of Cardiology." ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "Loizos Antoniades1, Eduard Apetrei2, Michael Aschermann3, Leonardo Bolognese4, Mirza Dilic5, Istvan Edes6, Krzysztof J. Filipiak7, Faig Guliyev8, Habib Haouala9, Mahmoud Mohamed Hassanein10, Magda Heras11, Christer Höglund12, Ivan Hulin13, Kurt Huber14, Mario Ivanusa15, Germanas Marinskis16, Izet Masic17, Miodrag Ostojic18, Otmar Pachinger19, Dimitar Raev20, Mamanti Rogava21, Olaf Rødevand22, Vedat Sansoy23, Evgeny Shlyakhto24, Valentin A Shumakov25, Ernst Van der Wall26, Jørgen Videbæk27, and Thomas F. Lüscher28 1Editor-in-Chief, Cyprus Heart Journal; 2Editor-in-Chief, Romanian Journal of Cardiology; 3Editor-in-Chief, Cor et Vasa; 4Editor-in-Chief, Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia; 5Editor-in-Chief, Medical Journal; 6Editor-in-Chief, Cardiologia Hungarica; 7Editor-in-Chief, Kardiologia Polska; 8Editor-in-Chief, Azerbaijan Cardiology Journal; 9Editor-in-Chief, Cardiologie Tunisienne; 10Editor-in-Chief, Egyptian Heart Journal; 11Editor-in-Chief, Revista Española de Cardiología; 12Editor-in-Chief, Svensk Cardiologi; 13Editor-in-Chief, Cardiology Letters; 14Editor-in-Chief, Journal für Kardiologie; 15Editor-in-Chief, Cardiologia Croatica; 16Editor-in-Chief, Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine; 17Editor-in-Chief, Medical Archives; 18Editor-in-Chief, Heart and Blood Vessels; 19Editor-in-Chief, Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift - the Central European Journal of Medicine; 20Editor-in-Chief, Bulgarian Journal Cardiology; 21Editor-in-Chief, Cardiology and Internal Medicine XXI; 22Editor-in-Chief, Hjerteforum; 23Editor-in-Chief, Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology; 24Editor-in-Chief of Russian Journal of Cardiology; 25Editor-in-Chief, Ukrainian Journal of Cardiology; 26Editor-in-Chief, Netherlands Heart Journal; 27Editor-in-Chief, Cardiologisk Forum; and 28Editor-in-Chief, Cardiovascular Medicine." "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Editors’ Network Members (Editors-in-Chiefs of National Society Cardiovascular Journals)" "identificador" => "sec0030" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1580 "Ancho" => 2273 "Tamanyo" => 552195 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "European Society of Cardiology (ESC) website landing page. 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Pinto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehr464" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "587" "paginaFinal" => "594" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383145" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of European national journals in education" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Mills" 1 => "A. Timmis" 2 => "K. 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Estatísticas

Editors’ Network

Fernando Alfonsoa,b,

Autor para correspondência

falf@hotmail.com

Corresponding author: Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, IdISSC, Plaza Cristo Rey, Madrid 28040, Spain.

, Lino Gonçalvesc, Fausto Pintoa, Adam Timmisa, Hugo Ectora, Giuseppe Ambrosioa, Panos Vardasa, on behalf of the Editors’ Network European Society of Cardiology Task Force ◊

a Nucleus Members Editors’ Network of the European, Society of Cardiology

b ESC Editors’ Network Task Force Chair

c ESC Search Engine Task Force Chair

Editors’ Network members

Lido

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            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#58; Interventional Cardiology&#44; Cardiovascular Institute&#44; Cl&#237;nico San Carlos University Hospital&#44; IdISSC&#44; Plaza Cristo Rey&#44; Madrid 28040&#44; Spain&#46;"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results page with relevant information about the documents found&#46; On the left&#44; there is a toolbar with a &#64257;ltering system to re&#64257;ne the search&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The National Society Cardiovascular Journals &#40;NSCJs&#41; of the European Society of Cardiology &#40;ESC&#41; are high-quality biomedical journals devoted to publishing original research and educative material on cardiovascular diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> These journals of&#64257;cially belong to the corresponding ESC National Cardiac Societies&#46; Many of them have achieved major international recognition&#44; are included in most important bibliometric databases&#44; and have made major scienti&#64257;c impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> Some NSCJs offer full-text English content and are freely available in electronic editions&#46; However&#44; NSCJs are largely heterogeneous and some of them are only published in local languages with a limited visibility&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main goal of biomedical journals is to publish high-quality scienti&#64257;c information&#46; To achieve this goal&#44; journals should compete for the best research carried out in their &#64257;eld&#44; the &#8216;prestige&#8217; of the journal being the main driver to attract original contributions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> In turn&#44; a journal&#39;s prestige is based on credibility&#44; diffusion and scienti&#64257;c impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> To ensure that the scienti&#64257;c process is fully respected&#44; journals rely in the &#8216;peer review&#8217; system&#46; This process not only allows the editors to select the best possible material for publication&#44; but also assures the readers that the quality of the information follows the highest scienti&#64257;c standards&#46; In fact&#44; the process signi&#64257;cantly improves the &#64257;nal quality of manuscripts eventually published&#46; Once an article is definitely accepted for publication&#44; the journal should guarantee its expedited publication and widespread diffusion among the scienti&#64257;c community&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Editors&#8217; Network of the ESC provides a unique platform for devising editorial initiatives aimed to improve the scienti&#64257;c quality&#44; and facilitate diffusion of the contents of NSCJs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> Herein we will discuss the importance of the internet and electronic editions in scienti&#64257;c publishing&#46; We will also review the growing relevance of open access &#40;OA&#41; strategies&#46; Last but not least&#44; we will propose a new initiative based on a novel electronic tool that may further help to increase the diffusion&#44; dissemination and overall visibility of NSCJs&#46; This tool&#44; located on the ESC website&#44; should foster collaboration among the different NSCJs and also broaden exposure from diverse scienti&#64257;c sites and ESC of&#64257;cial journals&#46; Hopefully&#44; this will help to further expand the scienti&#64257;c impact of European cardiovascular research&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">ELECTRONIC EDITIONS AND THE INTERNET&#58; A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sharing the results of late breaking research through peer-reviewed journals remains the mainstay of the scienti&#64257;c process and progress in science&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> The success of research requires articles to be read&#44; spread&#44; discussed and cited by interested investigators&#46; Therefore&#44; in the fast moving and globalised world of science&#44; journals should ensure maximal accessibility and diffusion of their articles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Indeed&#44; most publications have already moved into a new &#8216;online era&#8217; where the emphasis is placed on the internet and electronic editions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Just a few years ago&#44; scholars did all their reading in paper journal issues obtained as personal copies circulating within their organisations&#44; or by retrieving issues from library archives&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Today the predominant reading mode is to download a digital copy and either read it directly on the screen or as a printout&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Currently&#44; readers and investigators readily retrieve articles with just a click on their home or of&#64257;ce computers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly&#44; the internet not only affects research but also clinical practice&#46; Nowadays&#44; physicians are often approached and challenged by patients who have downloaded medical information from the internet&#46; Often they face either unnecessarily worried patients or patients with unrealistic expectations&#46; Although some patients are confused&#44; others are overinformed and demand in-depth explanations regarding their diagnosis&#44; management and prognosis&#46; Patient-oriented information should be provided by scienti&#64257;c societies to address these demands&#46; Therefore&#44; even everyday clinical practice should accommodate the sociocultural change induced by the internet&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Access to medical information has been revolutionised by electronic editions&#46; Likewise&#44; bibliometric databases are also evolving&#46; Medline&#44; the ISI Web of Science and&#44; more recently&#44; Scopus offer comprehensive online information on medical literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> In addition&#44; Google Scholar is increasingly used by many investigators&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> Scopus and&#44; especially&#44; Google Scholar obtain data from larger data sources including widely diverse scienti&#64257;c items &#40;not only ISI publications&#41; and therefore offer a slightly different perspective on the &#64257;eld&#46; Interestingly&#44; Google Scholar is free&#44; and various studies suggest that it provides accurate search and data analyses that differ little from those obtained from classical bibliometric sources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Traditionally&#44; the most commonly used source of bibliometric data is the Thomson ISI Web of Knowledge&#44; in particular the Science Citation Index and the Journal Citation Reports&#44; which provide the yearly journal Impact Factors&#46; Recently&#44; other indicators such as SCImago scienti&#64257;c journal rank &#40;SJR&#41; and the Eigenfactor have emerged as alternative indices of a journal&#39;s quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> These consider not only the number but also the &#8216;quality&#8217; or relevance of the citations received by a given paper&#46; Quantitative publication metrics &#40;research output&#41; and citation analyses &#40;scienti&#64257;c in&#64258;uence&#41; are key determinants of the scienti&#64257;c success of individual investigators and institutions because the &#8216;publish or perish&#8217; dictum still prevails in most academic settings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> In this scenario&#44; electronic editions and accessibility on the internet certainly play a critical role&#46; Nowadays&#44; once a paper is electronically published on a journal website&#44; the information can propagate rapidly in the community&#44; and extremely high downloads could be the result of mechanisms such as the &#8216;Matthew effect&#8217; &#40;richer get richer&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Indeed&#44; the relationship between the number of citations acquired by an article and the number of downloads has been explored&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Hit counts on a journal website for an article during the week after its online publication predict the number of citations of that article in subsequent years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Of note&#44; Uniform Resource Locators &#40;URLs&#41; are being increasingly used in scienti&#64257;c publications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Citation of URLs provides the possibility of calculating an objective electronic Impact Factor &#40;eIF&#41; to measure their impact on scienti&#64257;c research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> However&#44; the stability of URLs remains a matter of concern&#44; and this should be guaranteed by the responsible organisation because URLs are vulnerable to technical problems and may become inaccessible in a time-dependent manner&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Notably&#44; the internet offers a new window into science and provides new insights on access and use of research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Currently&#44; web-usage data can be analysed in depth to outline a &#8216;map of knowledge&#8217;&#46; According to Butler&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> when readers click from one page to another while looking through online scienti&#64257;c journals&#44; they generate a chain of connections between links they think belong together&#46; These &#8216;click- stream events&#8217; may be analysed to map such connections and to provide a snapshot of interconnections between disciplines&#46; Usage maps reveal how often users looking at an article in journal A moved on to an article in journal B during a browser session&#46; By aggregating all these complex relationships using network-visualisation algorithms&#44; maps can be generated based on the &#8216;distances&#8217; between journals and disciplines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The structure of these maps is quite similar to those created using citation data&#58; a network of clusters in different &#64257;elds within which journals have strong connections with one another but fewer links to other clusters&#46; Interestingly&#44; journals in the humanities and social sciences &#64257;gure much more prominently in these maps than in citation-based maps&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Another key difference between citation- and usage-based maps is that the former only re&#64258;ect citations by researchers who publish&#44; and ignore the impact of papers on the medical community who read and apply the literature in medical practice but who rarely publish&#46; Citation data may undervalue papers written in practitioner-based &#64257;elds that are widely read but not cited proportionally&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Moreover&#44; usage maps are more up-to-date than citation ones because of the inherent delay in publication&#44; therefore providing a different time slice of the scienti&#64257;c process&#46; Accordingly&#44; both usage and citation data each provide complementary information on the impact of papers and journals on the scienti&#64257;c community&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Electronic editions provide unique publishing possibilities and open up new venues in scienti&#64257;c communication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> For instance&#44; they offer a &#64258;exible layout and structure for articles&#44; new formats and the possibility of including additional documentation attached to the paper as media enhancements &#40;videos&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46; Important sections such as methods and additional data can be now presented as supplementary material without additional cost&#46; Electronic managing systems facilitate both the processes of peer review and publishing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Open peer review and even post-publication readers&#8217; comments can be uploaded on the journal website&#44; facilitating interactivity and a more transparent and dynamic scienti&#64257;c process&#46; Finally&#44; statistics on electronic papers &#40;downloads and citation metrics&#41; are offered for the interest of readers and researchers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publicly available data are advocated as a means to further promote transparency in research and more open science&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> Online editions allow the publication of longer papers free from the economic burden of print charges&#46; Posting the complete anonymised &#8216;raw dataset&#8217; has been advocated in this regard&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> The raw data can be used to con&#64257;rm original results by independent analyses and also to explore related or new hypotheses&#44; particularly when combined with other publicly available datasets&#46; From an ethical perspective&#44; it appears unacceptable that&#44; while patients are willing to share data about themselves with investigators and sponsors&#44; the latter may be unwilling to share the trial data with others&#46; Data sharing among genomic investigators has already been successful&#46; However&#44; this strategy may cause concerns such as inappropriate analyses&#44; &#8216;data dredging&#8217; and drawing inappropriate conclusions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has developed guidelines for the preparation of raw clinical data for publication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Interestingly&#44; this practice has been associated with a 69&#37; increase in citations&#44; independently of journal Impact Factor&#44; date of publication and author country of origin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The correlation between publicly available data and increased literature impact may further motivate investigators to share their detailed research data&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; Web 2&#46;0 has also been increasingly used in the medical &#64257;eld&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;25</span></a> RSS feeds&#44; podcasts&#44; personal publishing platforms &#40;blogs&#41;&#44; social networks &#40;such as Twitter and Facebook&#41; and social media are proposed as innovative tools for educating and updating clinicians&#46; They allow physicians to distribute&#44; share and comment on medical information&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;25</span></a> However&#44; the scienti&#64257;c community is less than eager to regard them as equivalent to the traditional models of information dissemination in peer-reviewed medical journals&#46; In this regard&#44; some have proposed that platforms of post-publication peer review may provide the required safeguard in this new setting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> In addition&#44; intuitive browsing of journal content on smartphones and the iPad is being provided by a growing number of publications &#40;including the European Heart Journal&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> to enhance diffusion of contents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Furthermore&#44; some Web 2&#46;0 technologies facilitate collaborative data collection for clinical trials&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Google Docs&#44; for instance&#44; is freely available and allows multiple users to enter patient data into electronic case report forms of multicentre trials through mobile devices&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; we should keep in mind that English represents the &#8216;lingua franca&#8217; of science&#46; This is important&#44; and efforts should be made within the ESC to prevent tower-of-Babel phenomena in the digital era&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> However&#44; this may create major problems and unique challenges for non-English-speaking investigators and countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> In fact&#44; some NSCJs only publish in their mother tongue and are therefore not readily accessible to the international scienti&#64257;c community&#46; Some NSCJs have decided to publish their articles in both their native language and English&#44; to address healthcare professionals and international scholars&#44; respectively&#46; Dif&#64257;cult concepts are easier to remember in the mother tongue&#46; Interestingly&#44; Public Library of Science journals encourage non-English-speaking authors to provide a version of their article in their original language as supporting material&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Science should not be considered an &#8216;ivory tower&#8217; separated from the rest of society&#44; but rather imbedded in it to facilitate its cultural assimilation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">SOME EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES ON &#8216;OPEN ACCESS&#8217; INITIATIVES</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The internet and electronic editions set the basis for OA initiatives&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> The two main characteristics of OA publications are&#58; &#40;1&#41; all published contents are freely accessible through the internet&#59; &#40;2&#41; readers are given copyright permission as long as authors and publishers receive adequate attribution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> In turn&#44; this model requires two major changes from the traditional subscription-based model&#46; First&#44; OA shifts the &#64257;nancing of publication from readers &#40;subscription fees from individuals or universities&#41; to authors and investigators &#40;through the corresponding funding organisation or academic institutions&#41; by means of article-processing fees&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Second&#44; the copyright is no longer used to prevent&#44; but rather to stimulate&#44; republication&#46; Subscription-based journals usually require authors to transfer the copyright to the journal so that they are empowered to restrict access to paying customers and threaten competing publications with infringement lawsuits&#46; Major subscription-based journals are partly &#64257;nanced by individuals and medical societies but mainly by bundled e-license agreements between publishers and universities or librarians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Individual electronic articles can also be accessed on a pay-per-view basis&#46; Readers are charged one way or the other in the traditional way&#44; whereas authors and investigators are charged in the OA model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Some commercial publishers charge authors a publication fee to substitute for subscription revenue while signi&#64257;cantly limiting reuse&#46; These initiatives&#44; however&#44; should not be considered real OA&#46; Some traditional publishers have recently instituted &#8216;hybrid&#8217; initiatives where authors are allowed &#40;after paying a fee&#41; to make individual articles OA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the early 90s&#44; pioneer OA journals were founded by individual investigators based on voluntary work and were usually hosted in individual or university servers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Thereafter&#44; many established journals made their articles OA when they implemented their digital editions in parallel with print editions&#46; This was especially the case for of&#64257;cial journals of medical societies and in non-English-speaking countries in an attempt to increase their readership and impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> In the last decade&#44; new&#44; formal&#44; OA journals have &#64258;ourished using article-processing charges to &#64257;nance publications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Interestingly&#44; some major publishers &#40;BioMed Central&#44; Public Library of Science&#41; have specialised in OA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> OA has two major pathways&#58; &#8216;gold&#8217; OA &#40;via direct publishing&#41; and &#8216;green&#8217; OA &#40;traditional publication in subscription-based journals with parallel open posting of the &#64257;nal manuscript on the web&#41;&#46; Green OA is delivered by repositories&#44; whereas gold OA is delivered by journals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Licences range from any kind of reuse provided that proper attribution is made &#40;CC-BY&#41; to those that limit commercial use &#40;CC-BY-NC&#41;&#46;31</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The health of the free-access author-pay model can be demonstrated by data showing the steady growth of papers published in OA journals &#40;20&#37; per year&#41; and also in the number of OA journals &#40;15&#37; per year&#41;&#44; either as new journals or traditional journals switching to this model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Currently&#44; 30&#37; of all peer-review journals in the world are OA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OA bene&#64257;ts science by accelerating dissemination and uptake of research &#64257;ndings&#46; A major advantage of OA is that readers can use any web-based research tool to access and review the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> These articles are quickly recognised and their results are readily picked up and discussed by peers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> As already mentioned&#44; there are two main modalities of OA&#58; OA journals and self-archiving&#46; Interestingly&#44; some studies suggest that articles immediately published as OA on the journal site &#40;gold route&#41; have higher impact than self-archived or otherwise openly accessible OA articles &#40;green route&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall OA initiatives increase diffusion of content&#44; citations and eventually the Impact Factor of the corresponding journals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#8211;35</span></a> Early studies analysed the effect of &#8216;online status&#8217; on the Impact Factor of biomedical journals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> They found that providing online access with &#8216;full text on the net&#8217; increases the visibility of a journal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> In addition&#44; the presence of journals on Medline as &#8216;full text on the net&#8217; also boosts their Impact Factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> This bias is explained by the tendency to peruse what is more readily available&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> OA initiatives also appear to increase the Impact Factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#8211;35</span></a> However&#44; some argue that this effect may confound between open and electronic access&#46; Nevertheless&#44; recent reports suggest that&#44; in most developed countries&#44; journal articles receive an increase in citations when they come online freely&#44; but experience an additional jump when they &#64257;rst come online through commercial sources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> This effect appears to be reversed in poor countries&#44; where free-access articles are much more likely to be cited&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> All together&#44; these &#64257;ndings suggest that free internet access widens the circle of those who read and make use of scienti&#64257;c research&#46; In addition&#44; this &#8216;OA impact advantage&#8217; does not appear to be a &#8216;quality bias&#8217; from authors self- selecting what to make OA&#44; because some studies suggest that this advance persists after adjustment for many other potential confounders related to the editorial and research quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly&#44; a randomised trial on OA publishing analysed the effects of free access on article downloads and citations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Articles placed in the OA condition received signi&#64257;cantly more downloads and reached a broader audience within the &#64257;rst year&#46; However&#44; in this particular study&#44; OA articles were cited no more frequently&#44; nor earlier&#44; than subscription-access articles within 3 years&#46; It was suggested that the process of &#8216;social strati&#64257;cation&#8217;&#44; accounting for a concentration of scienti&#64257;c authors at a small number of elite research universities with excellent access to the scienti&#64257;c literature&#44; might help to explain this apparent paradox&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Moreover&#44; this controlled study suggests that the real bene&#64257;ciaries of OA publishing may not be the research community but rather communities of medical practice that consume&#44; but rarely contribute to&#44; the corpus of literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As discussed&#44; embargoes are currently imposed by publishers for economic reasons&#46; This may be a signi&#64257;cant barrier to access in biomedical sciences&#46; As previously emphasised&#44; it has been suggested that users favour electronic access and often eschew articles that are not available electronically&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> In a shy attempt to tackle these problems&#44; many journals now offer free access to all articles 6 months after publication and welcome the publication of articles as OA after a fee is paid by the authors&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; research funding bodies are becoming increasingly sensible to this ethical issue&#46; Many would argue that it is unethical to use the research grants from government &#40;people&#39;s money&#41; and not allow the scienti&#64257;c community to have free access to the results of the study&#46; To address such issues&#44; the Berlin Declaration suggested the establishment of OA repositories&#46; All investigators who have received public grants should submit the full text of the paper published from their study to PubMed Central and also ensure self- archiving at the corresponding university or research institution&#46; Obviously&#44; OA journals provide an attractive solution to the problem of restricted access to results of publicly funded research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most countries and founding bodies are currently taking further actions to ensure OA for publicly funded research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;43</span></a> Researchers are compelled to make their work publicly available in repositories &#40;green road&#41; within 12 months of publication&#46; Other bodies even suggest that authors should make their work free by the publisher upfront &#40;gold road&#41;&#46; Clearly&#44; research budgets should be reallocated with this aim&#44; although the logistics required and the implications of this change remain a matter of ongoing debate&#46; In July 2012&#44; a new OA policy was announced by the European Union that recommended OA policies for all member states&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> Hopefully&#44; this will represent a paradigm shift in scienti&#64257;c publishing and will herald a new era of academic discovery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">THE ESC SEARCH ENGINE</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last decade&#44; the amount of documents and educational material available on ESC websites has increased exponentially&#46; This situation has led to increasing dif&#64257;culty for users to &#64257;nd the information they need&#46; It has become obvious that a more comprehensive search solution is necessary&#46; For this reason&#44; the ESC decided to provide a better search experience for ESC site visitors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> The ESC search engine uses semantic analysis to provide the best results from the keywords typed in&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> This search engine project has four goals&#58; &#40;1&#41; to provide a single entry point to multiple data sources &#40;in fact&#44; from a single entry point&#44; the user will be able to explore an ESC-rich database of slides&#44; scienti&#64257;c reports&#44; guidelines&#44; abstracts&#44; clinical cases&#44; news and articles from ESC journals&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; to propose a tool that can treat requests expressed in natural language in a very user-friendly way&#59; &#40;3&#41; to locate content that would be dif&#64257;cult to &#64257;nd or access otherwise&#44; therefore saving precious time&#59; &#40;4&#41; to allow visitors to &#64257;nd content by topic or person in an intuitive way&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2008&#44; the ESC Board&#44; chaired by Roberto Ferrari&#44; decided to support the development of a semantic search engine that would be able to search for information on the ESC Central website and also on the websites of all six Associations &#40;EHRA&#44; EACVI &#91;formerly EAE&#93;&#44; EAPCI&#44; HFA&#44; EACPR&#44; ACCA&#41;&#46; This idea was based on the previously reported need to provide the user with a quick and easy way of obtaining information from hundreds of thousands of documents available on all these websites&#46; Moreover&#44; this engine is also looking into the ESC journals&#8217; family where it is possible to obtain results from more than 30 000 papers&#33; Not surprisingly&#44; this tool is a major success&#44; already being the second most visited page of the ESC website&#44; with 49 853 page views&#44; in October and November of 2012&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> With the help of this search engine&#44; it is now extremely easy to obtain information by just typing in the keywords on the top right hand side of the screen inside the <a href="http://www.escardio.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;escardio&#46;org</a> landing page &#40;&#64257;gure 1&#41;&#46; The result is a list of documents addressing that speci&#64257;c topic&#44; and the user can select the ones required &#40;&#64257;gure 2&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This results page contains a lot of information and functionalities&#46; Within the document preview&#44; you can see how the document looks &#40;&#64257;gure 2&#41;&#46; The relevance score assigned to this document is also displayed by the search engine&#46; The type of document is also presented &#40;guideline&#44; abstract&#44; slide presentation&#44; scienti&#64257;c report&#44; news&#44; clinical case or a web document&#41;&#46; The document origin can also be easily identi&#64257;ed at a glance from a small institutional logo that can also be found on the results page&#44; just below the icon showing the type of document&#46; It is also important to know the document&#39;s availability&#46; A padlock symbol is displayed when a document is behind a login so that you can still see that the resource exists&#44; meaning that its access is for members only&#46; This tool also allows the search to be re&#64257;ned by using &#64257;lters located on the toolbar on the left&#46; With this toolbar&#44; the user can &#64257;lter the type of document looked for &#40;eg&#44; only slides&#41;&#46; It is also possible to &#64257;lter only results from a given time period&#46; During a congress&#44; when a lot of content is published daily&#44; the users can &#64257;lter for what&#39;s new since the previous day&#44; or only the results where a person is cited&#46; Related terms are proposed by the engine from the keywords entered in the request to propose other related topics that could be of interest&#46; If the same term is searched on a regular basis&#44; the user may be interested in using the RSS feed functionality&#46; Any search result page can be shown as an RSS feed which can be subscribed to&#44; providing regular updates on what&#39;s new in the &#64257;eld&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">TIME TO INVOLVE THE NATIONAL CARDIAC SOCIETIES&#8217; JOURNALS&#33;</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This project is already in its adulthood and the time has now come to enter into a second phase of development and also involve the NSCJs&#46; The ESC Board under Michel Komajda&#39;s presidency decided to support the development of this project&#46; The ESC Editors&#8217; Network also gave an enthusiastic response and decided to contact those NSCJs that are already published in an electronic format and in English&#46; Some of them already have a signi&#64257;cant Impact Factor&#46; The goal of this second phase of the project is to increase the visibility of the NSCJs and&#44; as a consequence&#44; to increase their readership and their level of reference in other international journals&#46; Moreover&#44; the excellent research that is performed at national level in many countries in Europe will become more visible worldwide&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This new tool is already available and&#44; after typing in the keywords&#44; the user gets two results&#58; one from the ESC documents&#44; and a second from the NSCJs&#46; It will be possible for the user to see both in parallel and easily move from one result to the other with a simple click&#46; The &#64257;rst NSCJs have been added to the search results and can now easily be identi&#64257;ed and selected&#46; The &#64257;rst &#64257;ve journals are&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Espa&#241;ola de Cardiolog&#237;a</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart and Blood Vessels</span> &#40;journal of the Cardiology Society of Serbia&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hellenic Journal of Cardiology&#44; Egyptian Heart Journal</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Romanian Journal of Cardiology</span>&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia</span> is soon to be added&#46; An arrangement has been made with the Brazilian Society of Cardiology&#44; and its website is now including our search engine&#46; This is an interesting way to raise awareness about this very useful tool and allow Brazilian cardiologists to have better access to our scienti&#64257;c resources&#46; There is no doubt that providing this tool will strengthen even further the bonds between the ESC Central and the National Cardiac Societies&#44; and European cardiovascular science will become more visible and readily accessible from any place in the world &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figures 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Competing interests</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "ELECTRONIC EDITIONS AND THE INTERNET&#58; A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING"
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          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "SOME EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES ON &#8216;OPEN ACCESS&#8217; INITIATIVES"
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          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "THE ESC SEARCH ENGINE"
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          "titulo" => "TIME TO INVOLVE THE NATIONAL CARDIAC SOCIETIES&#8217; JOURNALS&#33;"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">European Society of Cardiology &#40;ESC&#41; National Society Cardiovascular Journals &#40;NSCJs&#41; are high-quality biomedical journals focused on cardiovascular diseases&#46; The Editors&#8217; Network of the ESC devises editorial initiatives aimed at improving the scientific quality and diffusion of NSCJ&#46; In this article we will discuss on the importance of the Internet&#44; electronic editions and open access strategies on scientific publishing&#46; Finally&#44; we will propose a new editorial initiative based on a novel electronic tool on the ESC web-page that may further help to increase the dissemination of contents and visibility of NSCJs&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">For complete affiliations of the Editors&#8217; Network European Society of Cardiology Task Force&#44; see Appendix A&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">This is a joint simultaneous publication initiative involving all interested National Society Cardiovascular Journals of the European Society of Cardiology&#46;</p>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Loizos Antoniades<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>&#44; Eduard Apetrei<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; Michael Aschermann<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; Leonardo Bolognese<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; Mirza Dilic<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>&#44; Istvan Edes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#44; Krzysztof J&#46; Filipiak<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#44; Faig Guliyev<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span>&#44; Habib Haouala<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#44; Mahmoud Mohamed Hassanein<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#44; Magda Heras<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>&#44; Christer H&#246;glund<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span>&#44; Ivan Hulin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span>&#44; Kurt Huber<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span>&#44; Mario Ivanusa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span>&#44; Germanas Marinskis<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>&#44; Izet Masic<span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span>&#44; Miodrag Ostojic<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>&#44; Otmar Pachinger<span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span>&#44; Dimitar Raev<span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span>&#44; Mamanti Rogava<span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span>&#44; Olaf R&#248;devand<span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span>&#44; Vedat Sansoy<span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span>&#44; Evgeny Shlyakhto<span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span>&#44; Valentin A Shumakov<span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span>&#44; Ernst Van der Wall<span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span>&#44; J&#248;rgen Videb&#230;k<span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span>&#44; and Thomas F&#46; L&#252;scher<span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></p> <p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cyprus Heart Journal&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Romanian Journal of Cardiology&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cor et Vasa&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Medical Journal&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiologia Hungarica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Kardiologia Polska&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Azerbaijan Cardiology Journal&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiologie Tunisienne&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Egyptian Heart Journal&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Revista Espa&#241;ola de Cardiolog&#237;a&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Svensk Cardiologi&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiology Letters&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Journal f&#252;r Kardiologie&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiologia Croatica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Medical Archives&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Heart and Blood Vessels&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift - the Central European Journal of Medicine&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Bulgarian Journal Cardiology&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiology and Internal Medicine XXI&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Hjerteforum&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span>Editor-in-Chief of Russian Journal of Cardiology&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Ukrainian Journal of Cardiology&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Netherlands Heart Journal&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiologisk Forum&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span>Editor-in-Chief&#44; Cardiovascular Medicine&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Editors&#8217; Network Members &#40;Editors-in-Chiefs of National Society Cardiovascular Journals&#41;"
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                        "volumen" => "94"
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                      "titulo" => "Editors&#8217; Network ESC Task Force&#46; European Society of Cardiology national cardiovascular journals&#58; the &#8216;editors&#8217; network&#8217;"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehp462"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "26"
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                      "titulo" => "The role of European national journals in education"
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                            0 => "P&#46; Mills"
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                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.186338"
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Informação do artigo

ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Inglês

DOI:10.1016/j.repc.2013.09.003

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2023 Maio	45	22	67
2023 Abril	28	4	32
2023 Mar�o	20	19	39
2023 Fevereiro	39	18	57
2023 Janeiro	32	11	43
2022 Dezembro	30	24	54
2022 Novembro	49	21	70
2022 Outubro	50	26	76
2022 Setembro	38	24	62
2022 Agosto	83	33	116
2022 Julho	98	34	132
2022 Junho	41	18	59
2022 Maio	43	26	69
2022 Abril	57	26	83
2022 Mar�o	39	36	75
2022 Fevereiro	34	20	54
2022 Janeiro	33	23	56
2021 Dezembro	26	27	53
2021 Novembro	36	34	70
2021 Outubro	28	27	55
2021 Setembro	37	29	66
2021 Agosto	36	23	59
2021 Julho	26	24	50
2021 Junho	26	20	46
2021 Maio	26	20	46
2021 Abril	48	19	67
2021 Mar�o	41	18	59
2021 Fevereiro	50	8	58
2021 Janeiro	28	12	40
2020 Dezembro	13	1	14
2020 Novembro	22	7	29
2020 Outubro	15	9	24
2020 Setembro	29	8	37
2020 Agosto	19	6	25
2020 Julho	31	12	43
2020 Junho	19	6	25
2020 Maio	38	2	40
2020 Abril	22	12	34
2020 Mar�o	36	14	50
2020 Fevereiro	124	27	151
2020 Janeiro	33	4	37
2019 Dezembro	34	11	45
2019 Novembro	38	11	49
2019 Outubro	24	6	30
2019 Setembro	27	10	37
2019 Agosto	31	6	37
2019 Julho	35	14	49
2019 Junho	27	10	37
2019 Maio	38	17	55
2019 Abril	17	15	32
2019 Mar�o	40	8	48
2019 Fevereiro	51	11	62
2019 Janeiro	46	7	53
2018 Dezembro	73	12	85
2018 Novembro	163	14	177
2018 Outubro	401	12	413
2018 Setembro	64	9	73
2018 Agosto	34	11	45
2018 Julho	28	9	37
2018 Junho	45	5	50
2018 Maio	64	7	71
2018 Abril	98	4	102
2018 Mar�o	87	9	96
2018 Fevereiro	108	7	115
2018 Janeiro	22	4	26
2017 Dezembro	178	9	187
2017 Novembro	47	10	57
2017 Outubro	32	3	35
2017 Setembro	19	9	28
2017 Agosto	45	10	55
2017 Julho	23	15	38
2017 Junho	30	14	44
2017 Maio	26	14	40
2017 Abril	26	4	30
2017 Mar�o	22	4	26
2017 Fevereiro	26	9	35
2017 Janeiro	28	7	35
2016 Dezembro	19	6	25
2016 Novembro	17	6	23
2016 Outubro	16	5	21
2016 Setembro	17	7	24
2016 Agosto	14	2	16
2016 Julho	9	4	13
2016 Junho	9	7	16
2016 Maio	22	4	26
2016 Abril	20	3	23
2016 Mar�o	39	13	52
2016 Fevereiro	53	9	62
2016 Janeiro	41	10	51
2015 Dezembro	43	7	50
2015 Novembro	43	14	57
2015 Outubro	51	17	68
2015 Setembro	37	16	53
2015 Agosto	48	20	68
2015 Julho	85	23	108
2015 Junho	91	27	118
2015 Maio	130	47	177

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