Almanac 2012: Interventional cardiology | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia

array:23 ["pii" => "S087025511300053X" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2013.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01" "aid" => "269" "copyrightAnyo" => "2013" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:447-57" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4028 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 197 "HTML" => 2978 "PDF" => 853 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0870255113000723" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2013.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01" "aid" => "272" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "prv" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:459-60" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3650 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 159 "HTML" => 2626 "PDF" => 865 ] ] "pt" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artigo Recomendado do Mês" "titulo" => "Comentário a «Redução na terapêutica inapropriada e na mortalidade através da programação do CDI»" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "459" "paginaFinal" => "460" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "António Hipólito Reis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Hipólito Reis" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255113000723?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S0870255113000723/v1_201308021350/pt/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0870255113000760" "issn" => "08702551" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01" "aid" => "276" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:443-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5966 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 200 "HTML" => 4895 "PDF" => 871 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Image in cardiology" "titulo" => "A case of coronary-vertebral subclavian steal syndrome" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "443" "paginaFinal" => "445" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Um caso de síndrome de roubo subclávio coronário-vertebral" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1666 "Ancho" => 1667 "Tamanyo" => 210297 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Antero-posterior, volume rendering technique of the heart and great vessels, depicting subclavian artery occlusion and patent LIMA." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Paulo G. Pedro, Berta Carôla, Rui Conduto, Isabel Barão, Rui Cruz Ferreira, Manuel Pedro Magalhães" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Paulo G." "apellidos" => "Pedro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Berta" "apellidos" => "Carôla" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rui" "apellidos" => "Conduto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isabel" "apellidos" => "Barão" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rui Cruz" "apellidos" => "Ferreira" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel Pedro" "apellidos" => "Magalhães" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255113000760?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S0870255113000760/v1_201308021350/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:16 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Editors’ Network" "titulo" => "Almanac 2012: Interventional cardiology" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "447" "paginaFinal" => "457" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Pascal Meier, Adam Timmis" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Pascal" "apellidos" => "Meier" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pascalmeier74@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Adam" "apellidos" => "Timmis" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospitals UCLH, London, UK" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "London Chest Hospital, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical treatmentPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has guideline recommendations for treatment of ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> However, its role in stable coronary disease has been the subject of reappraisal following publication of the COURAGE trial, which showed that, in patients receiving optimal medical therapy, PCI does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, while incremental benefits for quality of life disappear by 36 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,3</a> A more recent meta-analysis of eight trials of optimal medical therapy versus PCI involving 7229 patients bears out the COURAGE conclusions by showing no significant differences between the groups with regard to death (9.1% vs 8.9%), non-fatal MI (8.1% vs 8.9%), unplanned revascularisation (30.7% vs 21.4%) and persistent angina (33% vs 29%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> Drug-eluting stents (DESs) were used in only a minority of these patients and may have reduced the need for further revascularisation while improving symptomatic responses. Nevertheless, the meta-analysis reinforces contemporary guideline advice for optimal medical treatment as the initial treatment for stable angina.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> Whether this will change current practice remains to be seen, but early signs are not encouraging. Thus a US registry analysis of patients undergoing PCI before (n=173416) and after (n=293 795) the COURAGE report showed no change in the proportions receiving optimal medical treatment (43.5% vs 44.7%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a>PCI versus coronary bypass surgeryThe safety of PCI at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery has been confirmed in two recent reports.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">7,8</a> Add to this the feasibility of PCI in increasingly complex disease and we need look no further to explain the substantial reductions in rates of coronary bypass surgery (CABG) in recent years. A recent US study of revascularisation procedures during 2001–2008 showed a 38% decline in rates of CABG, while PCI decreased by only 4%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> Some have questioned whether patients are being appropriately advised according to contemporary guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> a US analysis of 500 154 PCIs reporting that, among the 28.9% of cases performed for non-acute indications, only 50.4% were appropriate and that angina was not present in many of the inappropriate cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> In the absence of any evidence of prognostic benefit, there can be no indication for PCI in stable patients without angina. In patients with angina, on the other hand, PCI is as effective as CABG in providing symptom relief at 12 months, judging by a recent report from the SYNTAX investigators.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> However, CABG may have the advantage of providing prognostic benefit, recent US registry data showing a lower 4-year mortality compared with PCI (16.4% vs 20.8%) in an analysis that adjusted for selection bias.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> Of course, being a registry study, treatment allocation was not random and any conclusions about relative prognostic benefits require caution. Nevertheless, guideline recommendations are for surgery in complex three-vessel and left main stem disease, although many patients continue to express a preference for PCI, particularly now we have reports of the feasibility and safety of same-day discharge. This is particularly applicable with radial access (or post-procedural deployment of a femoral closure device), and, in a US registry study, 1339 patients discharged on the same day as their procedure had similar 30-day readmission rates to 105 679 patients who stayed overnight.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> This is important because it is now recognised that readmission within 30 days after PCI is associated with a significant increase in 1-year mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a>Left main stem diseaseThe trespass of PCI on to territory that was formerly surgical is best illustrated by its increasing application in unprotected left main stem disease. Registry data from the USA for 131 004 patients with unprotected left main stem disease show the proportion treated with PCI increasing from 3.8% to 4.9% between 2004 and 2008. PCI recipients were older with more comorbidities, probably accounting for their higher hospital mortality compared with the overall cohort (13% vs 5%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> Technical improvements since 2008 have seen further increases in rates of PCI in unprotected left main stem disease, and we now have randomised trial data confirming its safety and efficacy in selected patients. Thus in the Korean PRECOMBAT trial of drug-eluting stenting versus CABG in 600 patients, 8.7% of patients in the stent group and 6.7% in the CABG group met the primary end point (a composite of death, MI, stroke and ischaemia-driven revascularisation at 12 months), a difference significant for the non-inferiority of stenting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> As in previous randomised comparisons, the difference was driven largely by a higher rate of repeat revascularisation in stent recipients (9.0% vs 4.2% after 2 years, p=0.02).Selection for revascularisation in left main stem disease has traditionally been based on angiographic assessment, but a recent study suggests that measurement of minimum lumen area by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) might be a better means of selection in patients with ‘intermediate’ angiographic stenoses in the range 25–60%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> Correlation between minimum lumen area and angiographic stenosis was poor, but a 6mm2 area measurement provided a safe threshold for determining revascularisation, the event-free survival being no worse in the patients with an area measurement >6mm2 who did not undergo revascularisation compared with the patients with an area measurement <6mm2 who did. These were non-randomised data, but point to a useful role for IVUS in the management of left main coronary artery disease.DESs and stent thrombosisThe introduction of bare metal stents (BMSs) towards the end of the last decade dramatically improved the performance and safety of PCI, but it required drug-eluting technology to make a significant impact on restenosis rates. Concerns about an increased risk of stent thrombosis with DESs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> appear to have been exaggerated, particularly with the current generation of DESs, but the beneficial effects on restenosis have been borne out. Thus a recent meta-analysis comparing sirolimus-eluting and bare metal stents in patients with diabetes reported dramatic reductions in the need for repeat revascularisation with the DES (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.41) without any increase in the risk of stent thrombosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> However, it has been the everolimus-eluting stent that has emerged as the interventionists’ favourite, a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials including 17101 patients reporting thrombosis rates of only 0.7% during 21.7 months’ follow-up, compared with 1.5% in patients treated with any other type of DES.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> A further meta-analysis pooled data from 49 randomised trials including 50 844 patients and came to similar conclusions by showing that everolimus-eluting stents had the lowest risk of stent thrombosis at 30 days and 1 year compared with other stents approved for use in the USA, including BMSs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> The difference in favour of everolimus-eluting stents remained significant at 2 years when the odds of stent thrombosis was 0.34 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.62) compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents and 0.35 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.69) compared with BMSs.Data on DESs in saphenous vein grafts are somewhat less clear, but the limited available randomised trials do suggest superiority compared with BMSs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> For primary PCI, concerns that the thrombotic environment might predispose to DES thrombosis have not been fully realised, a pooled analysis of 15 STEMI trials comparing first-generation DESs with BMSs reporting a lower requirement for target vessel revascularisation with DESs (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.61), with no difference in the rate of stent thrombosis compared with BMSs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a> Indeed, the risk of stent thrombosis during the first year was reduced for DESs (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.12) but increased thereafter (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.69), suggesting that the early benefit of first-generation DESs in primary PCI is offset by a later increase in the risk of stent thrombosis. Newer-generation DESs may overcome this drawback, but, until we have sufficient data, operators should carefully weigh the differential risk of restenosis and stent thrombosis between the two stent types.Interest in bioresorbable stents has been enhanced by reports from a phase II evaluation of imaging data 12 months after implantation in 56 patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">25</a> The restenosis rate was only 3.5%, and >95% of the stent struts were endothelialised. Moreover, variable coronary dilatation in response to acetylcholine was observed, indicating some return of normal vasomotor responses. The results of randomised trials now in the planning stage are eagerly awaited.Optimal arterial accessRadial access for coronary angiography has now achieved widespread application.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">26,27</a> One reason is the accumulating evidence that it reduces bleeding risk and, perhaps because of this, may reduce mortality in primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> Thus a comprehensive meta-analysis pooling all the data from randomised primary PCI trials comparing femoral with radial access showed a nearly 50% mortality reduction in the radial group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a> Whether this beneficial effect is generalisable to everyday clinical practice is unclear, but observational data support the trial results and indicate benefit of radial access for primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">30,31</a> Another potentially important advantage of radial access is its association with a reduced risk of kidney injury, as reported in a large Canadian study of 69 214 patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> The mechanism is unclear and the largest trial comparing radial and femoral access, the RIVAL trial, did not show a clear advantage for either access route, although radial access appeared preferable in the subgroup undergoing primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> On the basis of current evidence, the choice between radial and femoral access should be individualised taking into account operator experience, bleeding risk and patient preference.Antiplatelet therapies—what's new?In patients undergoing PCI, dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel remain central to guideline recommendations. For clopidogrel, a pooled analysis of available data favoured a loading dose of 600mg, which was associated with a 34% reduction in the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) without any increase in the risk of major bleeding compared with a 300mg loading dose.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a> Now we have randomised trial evidence confirming that, compared with the 300mg loading dose, the 600mg dose in primary PCI is associated with significant reductions in infarct size, measured by median CKMB mass over 72h (2070 vs 3029 ng/ml).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">35</a> Continuing therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is usually recommended after PCI in both stable and patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), but the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is variable, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity can be demonstrated in 14.7–26.9% of patients, depending on the test used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> Part of this variability in antiplatelet responsiveness is explained by the fact that clopidogrel is a prodrug, and the enzymes that form its active metabolites exhibit functionally distinct polymorphisms. However, a study from the Netherlands of 1069 clopidogrel-pretreated patients undergoing elective PCI found that loss-of-function CYP2C19 carrier status explained only part of the variability in platelet reactivity (13.0–20.6%), depending on the test used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a> One approach to modifying high on-treatment platelet reactivity in carriers of loss-of-function CYP2C19 variants is to use antiplatelet drugs metabolised by different pathways, and this was confirmed by investigators from Korea in a substudy of the CILON-T randomised trial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a> In patients with loss-of-function CYP2C19 variants who were randomised to dual antiplatelet therapy plus cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, on-treatment platelet reactivity was significantly reduced compared with patients who received only aspirin and clopidogrel. This effect of cilostazol was not seen in non-carriers of the loss-of-function polymorphism. An alternative approach for modifying high on-treatment platelet reactivity after PCI is to increase the dose of clopidogrel. However, this was found ineffective in the GRAVITAS trial, the 6-month rate of the composite of cardiovascular death, MI and stent thrombosis being identical for groups randomised to high-dose (150mg daily) or standard-dose (75mg daily) clopidogrel.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a>Current guideline recommendations are for clopidogrel to be stopped 12 months after DES deployment when endothelialisation is complete, reducing the risk of thrombosis. Worryingly, a clustering of late clinical events has been associated with this policy, perhaps because of an increase in arachidonic acid-induced platelet activation as reported in a recent UK study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> lending support to the accumulating evidence that clopidogrel exerts some of its antiplatelet effects via this pathway, independently of aspirin. Indeed, it has been suggested that discontinuation of aspirin instead of clopidogrel might be more rational 1 year after stenting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> This question will soon be tested in the large GLOBAL-LEADERS randomised trial. The limitations of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel have been further illustrated by the on-TIME-2 trial, in which patients undergoing primary PCI were randomised to additional prehospital tirofiban or placebo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">42</a> The addition of tirofiban produced more effective platelet inhibition than aspirin and clopidogrel alone, and this was associated with a reduction in MACE and early stent thrombosis. On-TIME-2 lends further support to guideline recommendations for early glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition together with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing primary PCI.Newer P2Y12 receptor inhibitorsThese include prasugrel and ticagrelor, which now have guideline indications in ACS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">43</a> based on the TRITON and PLATO randomised trials, which were the subject of recent review.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">44</a> TRITON randomised patients undergoing PCI for ACS to either clopidogrel or prasugrel therapy for 12 months after the procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">45</a> Prasugrel showed superiority over clopidogrel for the composite primary end point, driven mainly by periprocedural MI. It also showed significant risk reduction for stent thrombosis. However, these benefits came with an increased risk of major and minor bleeding. In the PLATO trial of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with ACS managed medically or with PCI,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">46</a> ticagrelor was superior with regard to the primary composite end point of MACE, but, while minor bleeding was more common with ticagrelor, the major bleeding risk was comparable to that with clopidogrel. These randomised trials have confirmed that more intensive platelet inhibition with prasugrel or ticagrelor delivers better clinical outcomes in ACS, although there is a bleeding penalty, particularly it seems for prasugrel. The clinical outcome advantage for both drugs is small in absolute terms, raising important questions about cost-effectiveness. A US evaluation for prasugrel concluded it was ‘an economically attractive treatment strategy’,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">47</a> but a more recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) technology assessment was more guarded, recommending prasugrel as an option in patients with STEMI if immediate primary PCI is necessary (based on its rapid onset of action compared with clopidogrel), or if diabetes is present or if stent thrombosis has occurred during clopidogrel treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">43</a> However, concern was expressed about its likely cost-effectiveness in other situations. A recent health—economic analysis based on the PLATO study concluded that treating patients with ACS with ticagrelor for 12 months is associated with a cost per QALY (quality-adjusted life year) below generally accepted thresholds for cost-effectiveness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">48</a>Bivalirudin and heparinBivalirudin is now available for treatment of ACS and has rapidly gained a central role in primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">49</a> It is a direct thrombin inhibitor with additional activity against thrombinmediated platelet activation that showed superiority over a combined regimen of heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in HORIZONS-AMI, due largely to a lower rate of major bleeding (4.9% vs 8.3%). All-cause mortality was lower at 30 days, and we now have 3-year follow-up data confirming persistent mortality benefit (5.9% vs 7.7%), ensuring a guideline recommendation for bivalirudin in primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">50</a> The clinical benefits of bivalirudin have also been associated with cost-effectiveness, patient lifetime costs in the UK being £267 lower than for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">51</a> A small increase in rates of stent thrombosis with bivalirudin was not seen in patients pretreated with heparin, and the mortality benefits of combining bivalirudin with heparin pretreatment have since been reported from the SCAAR registry,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">52</a> leading the editorialist to recommend dual therapy in patients undergoing primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">53</a>Unfractionated heparin retains a class 1 recommendation for use during PCI, but a recent meta-analysis of pooled data from 23 studies has shown that enoxaparin is associated with significant reductions in the composite of death and MI and in major bleeding rates compared with unfractionated heparin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">54</a> These benefits were greatest for primary PCI, but were also seen in PCI for non-ST elevation MI and stable angina. The time may be right for a change of policy in favour of low-molecular-weight heparin during PCI.Intravascular imaging—clinical benefit?The clinical benefit of using IVUS to guide PCI remains controversial, although a pooled analysis of seven randomised BMS trials has concluded that IVUS-guided PCI is associated with a reduced risk of in-stent restenosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">55</a> IVUS is also finding a role in assessing left main stem lesions for revascularisation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> As a research tool, however, and for validation of non-invasive imaging of coronary stenosis, IVUS has proved particularly valuable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">56</a> Thus, in a recent study comparing coronary CT angiography and IVUS for plaque volume measurements, there was only modest agreement between the two methods (Bland—Altman limits of agreement −67 to +65mm3), reflecting the limitations of coronary CT for assessing the extent of coronary disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">57</a> While the ability to image across the coronary arterial wall is a particular strength of IVUS, the technology is limited by image resolution, which is considerably inferior to optical coherence tomography (OCT). In a substudy of ODESSA, for example, suboptimal stent deployment was identified by OCT at the level of individual stent struts, a detail that could never be reproduced by IVUS.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">58</a> Increasingly, OCT is being used to assess stent strut endothelialisation, a recent Japanese study of everolimus-eluting stent implantation showing that, of 5931 struts assessed, 98.4% were endothelialised 8 months after implantation, an observation reflected in the low thrombotic risk for these second-generation DESs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a>Intravascular imaging has also been used to assess plaque stability, the PROSPECT trial confirming that IVUS can differentiate stable from unstable plaque and predict adverse events.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">60</a> A key feature of unstable plaque is thin-cap atherosclerosis, and recent data remind us that the inflammatory environment is an important determinant of instability, an OCT study showing a clear association between the cap thickness of plaques and inflammatory plasma markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">61</a>Technical aspects of stenting—what have we learnt?Overlapping stentsRe-endothelialisation of overlapping stent segments is slower, and most operators prefer single stent deployment for that reason.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">58</a> However, in the real world, overlapping stent deployment is often unavoidable, and, for DESs, the conventional wisdom has been that homogeneous stents should be used to avoid elution of different pharmacological compounds within the overlapping segment. This has now been challenged by a Korean study of 1080 patients who received overlapping DESs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">62</a> The study showed that cardiac death, MI or target lesion revascularisation occurred with similar frequency regardless of whether the DESs were homogeneous or heterogeneous.Bifurcation stentingSeveral studies have shown that a single, main vessel stent deployment provides outcomes that are comparable—and often superior—to two-stent deployment. Thus a combined analysis of the NORDIC Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study showed that, in patients randomised to ‘simple’ main vessel stenting, the composite MACE end point at 9 months occurred in 10.1% of patients compared with 17.3% of patients who underwent complex two-vessel stenting (p=0.001).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">63</a> However, questions remain, particularly concerning the value of final kissing balloon inflations across the bifurcation following main-vessel stenting. This was addressed in a large observational study of 1055 patients undergoing bifurcation stenting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">64</a> A comparative propensity analysis of patients who did and did not have final kissing balloon inflations showed a higher incidence of MACE and target lesion revascularisation, mostly in the main vessel, for patients who had final kissing balloon inflations. The pendulum therefore has now swung away from final kissing balloon inflation, which may cause more harm than good.Myocardial infarction—high-sensitivity troponin assaysCentral to the diagnosis of acute MI is the demonstration of a raised and changing troponin concentration in the first 24h after symptom onset. The availability of high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) assays is likely to see diagnostic thresholds fall, with important implications for clinical management and cardiac outcomes. Thus, in a recent study in which hsTn-I was measured in 1038 patients with suspected ACS, values below the previous limit of detection (0.20 ng/ml) showed graded association with death or non-fatal MI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">65</a> In a further 1054 patients, the diagnostic threshold was lowered to 0.05 ng/ml, and attending physicians were invited to modify their management accordingly. Rates of death and recurrent MI fell from 39% to 12% among patients with troponin concentrations 0.05–0.19 ng/ml, levels that would have been undetectable with conventional troponin assays. The investigators concluded that lowering the diagnostic threshold using hsTn assays has the potential to identify many high-risk individuals with suspected ACS and produce major improvements in their prognosis.It has always been the recommendation that the diagnostic threshold level chosen for troponin should be based on a coefficient of variation of ≤10%, but new guidance is for the 99th centile value to be adopted regardless of assay imprecision.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">66</a> The potential clinical impact of this change in guidance was evaluated in the same cohort as reported previously,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">65</a> this time using a diagnostic threshold of 0.012μg/l (coefficient of variation 20.8%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">67</a> At 1 year, patients with troponin concentrations of 0.012–0.049μg/l, who previously would have escaped a diagnosis of MI, were more likely to be dead or readmitted with recurrent MI than those with troponin concentrations <0.012μg/l (13% vs 3%, p<0.001). The authors concluded that lowering the diagnostic threshold to the 99th centile and accepting greater assay imprecision would identify more patients at high-risk of recurrent MI and death, but increase the diagnosis of MI by 46%. It remains to be established whether reclassification of these patients and treating them according to conventional MI guidelines will improve their outcomes.hsTn assays will not only cause diagnostic thresholds for acute MI to fall, but may also allow identification of patients with apparently stable coronary disease who have vulnerable coronary lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">68</a> Thus a recent study has shown a strong correlation between hsTn-T and non-calcified plaque burden (r=0.79, p<0.001) in 124 patients with stable angina undergoing CT angiography, patients with remodelled non-calcified plaque having the highest hsTn-T values.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">69</a> hsTn assays have already found clinical application for the early diagnosis of MI in patients with chest pain attending the emergency department. In the Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers (RATPAC) trial, the use of hsTn-I within a panel of biomarkers allowed successful discharge of 32% of patients compared with 13% of patients receiving standard diagnostic procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">70</a> Beyond their central role for diagnosis, troponins also provide a measure of the severity of MI, and, in a report from the GRACE registry,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">71</a> incorporating 16 318 patients with non-ST elevation MI, each 10-fold increase in the troponin ratio was associated with stepwise increments in ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and death.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">72</a>Non-culprit lesions in ACSThe importance of myocardial salvage during the acute phase of infarction is emphasised by the fact that prognosis is driven largely by ultimate infarct size. We could therefore hypothesise that treating all significant lesions is beneficial. One of the first primary PCI randomised trials testing this hypothesis was reported last year. Among 214 patients with multivessel disease, adverse event rates during a mean follow-up of 2.5 years were higher with culprit-only PCI compared with multivessel PCI, whether performed during the index procedure or as a staged procedure afterwards.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">73</a> However, the trial was small and not definitive, a more recent meta-analysis finding in favour of culprit-only primary PCI with a staged strategy for non-culprit lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">74</a> This has become the guideline recommendation and was further supported by analysis of observational data from the HORIZONS-AMI trial in which outcomes for 275 patients treated with single-procedure stenting were compared with outcomes for 393 patients treated with staged procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">75</a> The single-procedure group received significantly more stents yet had a significantly higher 12 month mortality (9.2% vs 2.3%) than the staged procedure group. The weight of evidence is now firmly in favour of culprit-only stenting during primary PCI.Infarct size and myocardial salvageCircadian rhythms in the onset of MI are well established, the morning hours being the period of greatest risk. Intriguingly, infarct size appears to show similar circadian variation, a retrospective analysis of 811 patients with STEMI showing that creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I curves peak between 06:00h and noon.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">76</a> Myocardial salvage in response to reperfusion therapy with PCI is the major strategy for limiting infarct size therapeutically and can now be quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). A study of 208 patients presenting with STEMI confirmed that the extent of salvage measured by CMR is closely related to long-term prognosis, patients with a myocardial salvage index (MSI) above the median level having a lower number of adverse cardiovascular events (7 vs 26) and deaths (2 vs 12) after 18.5 months than patients with MSI below the median level.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">77</a> Myocardial reperfusion, however, can itself exacerbate injury, by a variety of mechanisms which include interstitial haemorrhage. This can be detected by CMR and was reported in 25% of patients with STEMI treated successfully by primary PCI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">78</a> The presence of haemorrhage was an independent predictor of adverse remodelling, as reflected by increased left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volume at 3 months. The importance of interstitial haemorrhage as a predictor of LV remodelling was emphasised by the improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves from 0.699 to 0.826 when it was added to LV ejection fraction and infarct size in the predictive model. Microvascular obstruction after primary PCI is also predictive of remodelling, and in another CMR study was found to correlate significantly with reperfusion haemorrhage (r2=0.87, p<0.001).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">79</a>Strategies to protect against reperfusion injury remain high on the research agenda and have been the subject of recent review.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">80</a> In one study the effect of erythropoietin was tested based on beneficial experimental effects for reducing infarct size.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405">81</a> However, the study was negative, with patients randomised to erythropoietin (50 000 IU) before primary PCI showing an increased incidence of microvascular obstruction and LV dilatation without reduction in infarct size compared with patients randomised to placebo. Another study using forearm plethysmography tested a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, based on the hypothesis that endogenous bradykinin is a mediator of reperfusion injury.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410">82</a> The investigators found that remote ischaemic preconditioning abolished the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasomotor function induced by plethysmography, but bradykinin receptor blockade had no effect. Nevertheless, the finding that conditioning stimuli provide a clinically applicable means of protection against reperfusion injury was not new and has been replicated in other more recent clinical trials. A comparative primary PCI study of post-conditioning by staccato reversus abrupt reperfusion, for example, showed that the staccato protocol was associated with better preservation of microvascular function and LV dimensions 12 months later.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415">83</a> Staccato reperfusion was also partially effective in another primary PCI study in which patients were randomised to staccato reperfusion versus control. Infarct size was unaffected, except in patients with large areas at risk in whom it was significantly reduced by post-conditioning.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">84</a>The benefits of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) when cardiogenic shock complicates acute MI are generally accepted. Recently, the role of IABC for reducing infarct size in haemodynamically stable patients with anterior MI was tested in a randomised trial of 337 patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425">85</a> Infarct size at 3–5 days determined by MRI showed no significant difference between the groups, but those patients randomised to IABC showed a trend towards more vascular complications. The authors concluded that IABC produces no clinical benefit in this group of patients.Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)Whether newer contrast agents, such as iso-osmolar contrast, have an impact on the CI-AKI risk is controversial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">86</a> Risk of CI-AKI is particularly high in patients presenting with an ACS, and recent data confirm it has a significant impact on clinical outcomes, including length of hospital stay and mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435">87,88</a> The ACS setting offers little time to apply reno-protective measures, and strategies requiring up to 12h of prehydration are clearly impractical. The need for a change in practice was emphasised by Wi et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435">87</a> who concluded that renal function should be measured at baseline and after primary PCI, to refine risk stratification. Meanwhile consideration should be given to reno-protection with bicarbonate, which has been reported to be more effective than normal saline using short-infusion or singlebolus protocols.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">89</a> In certain subgroups, such as patients requiring urgent surgery for infective endocarditis, preoperative coronary angiography does not appear to increase the risk of acute kidney injury,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">90</a> but, in general, contrast exposure should be kept at as low a level as possible during primary PCI. Meanwhile, randomised trials testing short-duration prehydration protocols or bolus applications of potentially reno-protective substances are needed.Carotid artery stenosis—is stenting still an option?Life style adjustment and secondary prevention drugs may not always be effective in protecting against progression of carotid atherosclerosis. A recent trial of weight reduction with rimonabant, for example, reported that a 5% reduction in body weight over 30 months failed to influence the progression of carotid disease compared with patients who received placebo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455">91</a> Many patients therefore require an interventional solution to their carotid disease, but whether this should be surgical or percutaneous remains contentious.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">92</a> A large randomised trial of 2502 patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis showed no significant difference in the estimated rates of the primary composite end point (periprocedural stroke, MI, or death or any ipsilateral stroke within 4 years) and no differential treatment effect by symptomatic status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">93</a> However, a recent meta-analysis pooling data from 11 randomised trials comparing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with carotid artery stenting (CAS) showed that the periprocedural risk of mortality or stroke was lower for CEA (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.95), mainly driven by a decreased risk of minor stroke, whereas the risk of death or disabling stroke was similar between the two groups. The odds of periprocedural MI or cranial nerve injury were significantly higher in the CEA group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470">94</a> Current NICE guidelines recognise CAS as a treatment option for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, but emphasise that patients need to understand the risk of stroke and other complications associated with this procedure. Patient selection should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">95</a>For asymptomatic carotid artery disease, the situation is even less clear. We know that patients with carotid stenosis undergoing cardiac surgery for their coronary artery disease have an increased periprocedural stroke risk and probably should be considered for treatment even if asymptomatic. The American guidelines recommend CEA if the stenosis is ≥80%, either before or combined with CABG. CAS before CABG is an alternative option with good results in patients who are considered ‘high risk’ for CEA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480">96</a> Attempts to refine risk prediction in such patients have been the subject of considerable research, a recent carotid ultrasound study reporting that the total plaque area (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55), the number of plaques (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) and the number of segments with plaque (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.93) were all significantly associated with the 5-year risk of cerebrovascular events.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">97</a>Transcatheter aortic valve implantationTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in older high-risk patients has yielded excellent results in most centres, the 2-year follow-up of patients in the PARTNER trial supporting the procedure as an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490">98</a> Thus improvement in valve areas was similar for TAVI and for surgery, with comparable rates of death and stroke during follow-up. However, paravalvular regurgitation was more common after TAVI and has been associated with significantly worse outcomes, the German registry reporting higher in-hospital mortality, even after multivariate adjustments for potential confounders (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.55).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">99</a> Another cause for concern is the potential for myocardial injury during TAVI, as evidenced by elevations of CK-MB in 77% of 101 patients undergoing uncomplicated procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">100</a> Median maximal CK-MB levels were higher for transapical than transfemoral access (22.6ml vs 9.9ml), but were unaffected by the presence of coronary artery disease. Elevations of cardiac troponin T were also observed and were predictive of cardiac death at 9 months. Clearly, therefore, TAVI, like surgery, is commonly associated with some degree of myocardial injury that is not benign. In most other respects, however, TAVI appears safe and has been associated with important symptomatic benefits, as reflected in the improvement in health-related quality of life reported by the PARTNER investigators.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">101</a> Smaller studies have reinforced these findings by reporting improvement in the 6min walk distance and quality of life scores, while brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels decline substantially.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">102</a> Add to this the cost-effectiveness of TAVI in US and UK analyses, and it seems certain that indications will continue to expand.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515">103,104</a> Indeed, off-label TAVI is commonplace, with reported outcomes that are comparable to on-label procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">105</a> Paradoxically, increasing TAVI activity appears to have led to a significant increase in referrals for surgical aortic valve replacement,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530">106</a> with Manchester, for example, seeing a 37% increase in surgical AVR activity within the 2 years of starting a TAVI programme.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535">107</a>Percutaneous mitral valve repairThe development of percutaneous systems for mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation has proved more challenging than TAVI. NICE gave a guarded verdict on the MitraClip device in 2010, recommending it only be used with ‘special arrangements for clinical governance, consent and research for patients who are well enough for surgical mitral valve leaflet repair’.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">108</a> This was based on the findings of the Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study (EVEREST) investigators in an observational study of 107 patients with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation, which reported a successful MitraClip implant in 74% of patients, of whom 66% achieved freedom from death, mitral valve surgery and severe mitral regurgitation (≥3+).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">109</a> Since then the EVEREST investigators have undertaken a further observational study in 78 older patients at high risk of conventional surgery, which showed that the MitraClip device reduced mitral regurgitation in the majority of patients, with improvement in symptoms associated with significant LV reverse remodelling over 12 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550">110</a> The benefits of the MitraClip appear closely related to its efficacy in reducing mitral regurgitation, the midterm outcomes showing significant association with the acute haemodynamic response.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">111</a>Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyThree studies have recently reported longer-term outcomes after alcohol septal ablation in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The results have been encouraging. Among 874 patients with class III or IV symptoms in a US study, six (0.7%) died in relation to the procedure, and survival estimates at 1, 5 and 9 years were 97%, 86% and 74%, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560">112</a> Symptoms improved to class I or II in all but 5% of cases, although 13% required repeat ablation and 3% required surgical myomectomy. In a Canadian study of 649 patients with HCM, 38% were managed conservatively, and 62% underwent invasive therapy with alcohol septal ablation (21%), surgical myomectomy (71%) or dual chamber pacing (8%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565">113</a> In multivariate analysis, invasive therapy was independently associated with better overall survival (HR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.97, p=0.04), but not with HCM-related survival. Among the invasive group, the pacemaker-treated group fared less well than patients treated with septal ablation or myomectomy, questioning the call for a reappraisal of pacemaker therapy in a recent Spanish study that reported favourable long-term results in a group of 50 patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570">114</a> Finally, a Scandinavian study reported marked reductions in outflow tract gradients in response to 313 ablation procedures in 279 patients with HCM, of whom 94% had class III/IV symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575">115</a> Only 21% had class II/IV symptoms at 1 year, with little change thereafter. Estimated survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 97%, 87% and 67%, respectively, and were comparable to survival rates in an age- and gender- matched population. Taken together, these studies testify to the long-term benefits of alcohol septal ablation in HCM, which appears to be a valid alternative to surgery in symptomatic HCM that does not respond to medical therapy.Competing interestsNone.Provenance and peer reviewNot commissioned; internally peer reviewed." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:18 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres251370" "titulo" => "Abstract" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical treatment" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "PCI versus coronary bypass surgery" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Left main stem disease" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "DESs and stent thrombosis" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Optimal arterial access" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Antiplatelet therapies—what's new?" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Newer P2Y12 receptor inhibitors" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Bivalirudin and heparin" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Intravascular imaging—clinical benefit?" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Technical aspects of stenting—what have we learnt?" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Overlapping stents" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Bifurcation stenting" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Myocardial infarction—high-sensitivity troponin assays" ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Non-culprit lesions in ACS" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Infarct size and myocardial salvage" ] ] ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Carotid artery stenosis—is stenting still an option?" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Transcatheter aortic valve implantation" ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral valve repair" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" ] ] ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "Competing interests" ] 16 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "Provenance and peer review" ] 17 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-02-16" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-02-16" "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "The field of interventional cardiology continues to progress quickly. The efficacy of percutaneous interventions with newer generation drug-eluting stents has advanced a lot over the last decade. This improvement in stent performance has broadened the level of indication towards more complex interventions such as left main and multivessel PCI. Major improvements continue in the field of medical co-therapy such as antiplatelet therapies (bivalirudin, prasugrel, ticagrelor) and this will further improve outcomes of PCI. The same is true for intravascular imaging such as ultrasound IVUS and optical coherence tomography OCT. However, interventional cardiology has become a rather broad field, also including alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, etc. At the moment, the fastest growing area is the structural interventions, especially for aortic valve stenosis (transcatheter aortic valve implantation TAVI) and for mitral regurgitation (mitral clipping). This review covers recent advances in all these different fields of interventional cardiology." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Secondary publication: This article was published in its entirety, with the consent of the authors and editors, in Heart. 2012;98:23:1701-9. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302569." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:115 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Early management of unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: summary of NICE guidance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.204511" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1662" "paginaFinal" => "1668" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa070829" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "356" "paginaInicial" => "1503" "paginaFinal" => "1516" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of PCI on quality of life in patients with stable coronary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa072771" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "359" "paginaInicial" => "677" "paginaFinal" => "687" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Initial coronary stent implantation with medical therapy vs medical therapy alone for stable coronary artery disease: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1484" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "172" "paginaInicial" => "312" "paginaFinal" => "319" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Management of stable angina: summary of NICE guidance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301436" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "500" "paginaFinal" => "507" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patterns and intensity of medical therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.601" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "305" "paginaInicial" => "1882" "paginaFinal" => "1889" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Outcomes of PCI at hospitals with or without on-site cardiac surgery" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1114540" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "366" "paginaInicial" => "1792" "paginaFinal" => "1802" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Percutaneous coronary intervention at centers with and without on-site surgery: a meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1790" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "306" "paginaInicial" => "2487" "paginaFinal" => "2494" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coronary revascularization trends in the United States, 2001-2008" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.551" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "305" "paginaInicial" => "1769" "paginaFinal" => "1776" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The 2010 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularisation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.216135" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "445" "paginaFinal" => "446" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Appropriateness of percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.916" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "306" "paginaInicial" => "53" "paginaFinal" => "61" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quality of life after PCI with drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass surgery" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1001508" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "364" "paginaInicial" => "1016" "paginaFinal" => "1026" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative effectiveness of revascularization strategies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1110717" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "366" "paginaInicial" => "1467" "paginaFinal" => "1476" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence and outcomes of same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention among older patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1409" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "306" "paginaInicial" => "1461" "paginaFinal" => "1467" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated with 30-day readmission rates after percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.569" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "172" "paginaInicial" => "112" "paginaFinal" => "117" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characteristics and long-term outcomes of percutaneous revascularization of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis in the United States: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, 2004 to 2008" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.10.883" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "648" "paginaFinal" => "654" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1100452" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "364" "paginaInicial" => "1718" "paginaFinal" => "1727" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prospective application of pre-defined intravascular ultrasound criteria for assessment of intermediate left main coronary artery lesions results from the multicenter LITRO study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.064" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "351" "paginaFinal" => "358" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Drug-eluting stents: a reappraisal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.189522" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "489" "paginaFinal" => "493" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term outcome after sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in patients with diabetes mellitus: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00392-010-0278-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Res Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "561" "paginaFinal" => "570" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impact of the everolimus-eluting stent on stent thrombosis: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.049" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "1569" "paginaFinal" => "1577" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60324-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "379" "paginaInicial" => "1393" "paginaFinal" => "1402" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Drug-eluting versus bare-metal stent for treatment of saphenous vein grafts: a meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0011040" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "e11040" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of drug-eluting stents with bare metal stents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehs036" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "977" "paginaFinal" => "987" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus-eluting vascular scaffold for the treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis: 12-month clinical and imaging outcomes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.050" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "1578" "paginaFinal" => "1588" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical outcomes following radial versus femoral artery access in primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention in Scotland: retrospective cohort study of 4534 patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301032" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "552" "paginaFinal" => "557" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "If the radial artery is the new standard of care in primary percutaneous coronary intervention, why is most intervention done by the femoral approach?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.207043" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "521" "paginaFinal" => "522" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trans-radial approach for catheterisation in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of major bleeding complications in the ABOARD Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220137" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "887" "paginaFinal" => "891" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of access site selection on PCI-related adverse events in patients with STEMI: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300558" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "303" "paginaFinal" => "311" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Routine use of the transradial approach in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: procedural aspects and outcomes in 2209 patients treated in a single high-volume centre" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300524" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1938" "paginaFinal" => "1942" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Transradial access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the next standard of care?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.196824" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1341" "paginaFinal" => "1344" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic kidney injury in patients after cardiac catheterisation or percutaneous coronary intervention: a comparison of radial and femoral approaches (from the British Columbia Cardiac and Renal Registries)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.192294" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1538" "paginaFinal" => "1542" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60404-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "377" "paginaInicial" => "1409" "paginaFinal" => "1420" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impact of clopidogrel loading dose on clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention:a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.195438" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "98" "paginaFinal" => "105" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Outcome comparison of 600- and 300-mg loading doses of clopidogrel in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from the ARMYDA-6 MI (Antiplatelet therapy for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty-Myocardial Infarction) randomized study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.044" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "1592" "paginaFinal" => "1599" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High on-treatment platelet reactivity to both aspirin and clopidogrel is associated with the highest risk of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220491" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "983" "paginaFinal" => "990" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Variability in on-treatment platelet reactivity explained by CYP2C19*2 genotype is modest in clopidogrel pretreated patients undergoing coronary stenting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220509" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1239" "paginaFinal" => "1244" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cilostazol attenuates on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with CYP2C19 loss of function alleles receiving dual antiplatelet therapy: a genetic substudy of the CILON-T randomised controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.216499" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "641" "paginaFinal" => "647" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: the GRAVITAS randomized trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.290" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "305" "paginaInicial" => "1097" "paginaFinal" => "1105" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of clopidogrel withdrawal on platelet reactivity and vascular inflammatory biomarkers 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation: results of the prospective, single-centre CESSATION study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300192" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1661" "paginaFinal" => "1667" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dual antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease: does aspirin increase clinical risk in the presence of potent P2Y12 receptor antagonists?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.205724" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1693" "paginaFinal" => "1694" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "42" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prehospital triple antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction leads to better platelet aggregation inhibition and clinical outcome than dual antiplatelet therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.201889" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1815" "paginaFinal" => "1820" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "43" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prasugrel for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes with percutaneous coronary intervention: NICE technology appraisal guidance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.202853" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1407" "paginaFinal" => "1408" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "44" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Advances in antiplatelet treatment for acute coronary syndromes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.185983" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "656" "paginaFinal" => "661" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "45" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0706482" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "357" "paginaInicial" => "2001" "paginaFinal" => "2015" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "46" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0904327" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "361" "paginaInicial" => "1045" "paginaFinal" => "1057" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "47" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction TRITON-TIMI 38" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900704" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Circulation" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "121" "paginaInicial" => "71" "paginaFinal" => "79" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "48" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Nikolic E, Janzon M, Hauch O, et al. Cost-effectiveness of treating acute coronary syndrome patients with ticagrelor for 12 months: results from the PLATO study. Eur Heart J. Published Online First: 19 June 2012." ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "49" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New anticoagulant agents in acute coronary syndromes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.184333" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "244" "paginaFinal" => "252" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "50" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor versus bivalirudin monotherapy and paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction (HORIZONS-AMI): final 3-year results from a multicentre, randomised controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60764-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "377" "paginaInicial" => "2193" "paginaFinal" => "2204" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "51" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in the treatment of acute ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301323" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "544" "paginaFinal" => "551" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "52" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Unfractionated heparin administration in patients treated with bivalirudin during primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with lower mortality and target lesion thrombosis:a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.224709" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1484" "paginaFinal" => "1488" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "53" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optimal antithrombotic treatment during primary percutaneous coronary intervention?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300367" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1459" "paginaFinal" => "1460" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "54" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "344" "paginaInicial" => "e553" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "55" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.030" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "374" "paginaFinal" => "382" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "56" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of coronary artery remodelling by dual-source CT: a head-to-head comparison with intravascular ultrasound" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223024" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "991" "paginaFinal" => "997" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "57" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quantification of non-calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaques with dual-source computed tomography: comparison with intravascular ultrasound" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.184226" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "610" "paginaFinal" => "615" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "58" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Angiographic, IVUS and OCT evaluation of the long-term impact of coronary disease severity at the site of overlapping drug-eluting and bare metal stents: a substudy of the ODESSA trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.188037" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1574" "paginaFinal" => "1578" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "59" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optical coherence evaluation of everolimus-eluting stents 8 months after implantation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.204339" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1379" "paginaFinal" => "1384" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "60" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1002358" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "364" "paginaInicial" => "226" "paginaFinal" => "235" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "61" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship between plasma inflammatory markers and plaque fibrous cap thickness determined by intravascular optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.175455" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "196" "paginaFinal" => "201" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "62" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term clinical outcomes of overlapping heterogeneous drug-eluting stents compared with homogeneous drug-eluting stents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.226308" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1501" "paginaFinal" => "1506" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "63" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Simple or complex stenting for bifurcation coronary lesions: a patient-level pooled-analysis of the Nordic Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.958512" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Interv" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "64" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Final kissing ballooning and long-term clinical 91. outcomes in coronary bifurcation lesions treated with 1-stent technique: results from the COBIS registry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300322" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "225" "paginaFinal" => "231" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "65" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Implementation of a sensitive troponin I 92. assay and risk of recurrent myocardial infarction and death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.338" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "305" "paginaInicial" => "1210" "paginaFinal" => "1216" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "66" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Being rational about (im)precision: a statement from the Biochemistry Subcommittee of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/94. World Heart Federation Task Force for the definition of myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1373/clinchem.2010.143958" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "941" "paginaFinal" => "943" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "67" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Implications of lowering threshold of plasma troponin concentration in diagnosis of myocardial infarction: cohort study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "344" "paginaInicial" => "e1533" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "68" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Troponins: redefining their limits" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart 96" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "447" "paginaFinal" => "452" ] ] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "69" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Determinants of troponin release in patients with stable coronary artery disease: insights from CT angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.193201" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "823" "paginaFinal" => "831" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 69 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "70" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers (RATPAC) trial: a randomised controlled trial of point-of-care cardiac markers in the emergency department" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "99" ] ] ] ] ] ] 70 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0355" "etiqueta" => "71" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Global registry of acute coronary events, 1999 to 2009-GRACE" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.190827" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1095" "paginaFinal" => "1101" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 71 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0360" "etiqueta" => "72" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quantitative troponin and death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and new heart failure in patients with non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS): insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.195511" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "197" "paginaFinal" => "202" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 72 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0365" "etiqueta" => "73" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A randomised trial of target-vessel versus multi-vessel revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: major adverse cardiac events during long-term follow-up" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.177162" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "662" "paginaFinal" => "667" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 73 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0370" "etiqueta" => "74" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Culprit vessel only versus multivessel 102. and staged percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel disease in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a pairwise and network meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.046" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "692" "paginaFinal" => "703" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 74 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0375" "etiqueta" => "75" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic impact of staged versus “one-time” multivessel percutaneous intervention in acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI (harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction) trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.071" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "704" "paginaFinal" => "711" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 75 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0380" "etiqueta" => "76" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Circadian variations of infarct size in acute myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.212621" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "970" "paginaFinal" => "976" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 76 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0385" "etiqueta" => "77" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term prognostic value of myocardial salvage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute reperfused myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300098" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "2038" "paginaFinal" => "2045" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 77 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0390" "etiqueta" => "78" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined 106. by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.202028" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "453" "paginaFinal" => "459" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 78 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0395" "etiqueta" => "79" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of severe reperfusion injury with T2* cardiac MRI in patients with acute myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.200634" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1885" "paginaFinal" => "1891" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 79 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0400" "etiqueta" => "80" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cardiac conditioning: a review of evolving strategies to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.179101" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1179" "paginaFinal" => "1186" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 80 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0405" "etiqueta" => "81" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of erythropoietin as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled clinical trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223867" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1560" "paginaFinal" => "1565" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 81 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0410" "etiqueta" => "82" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bradykinin does not mediate remote ischaemic preconditioning or ischaemia-reperfusion injury in vivo in man" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300323" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1857" "paginaFinal" => "1861" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 82 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0415" "etiqueta" => "83" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Staccato reperfusion improves myocardial microcirculatory function and long-term left ventricular remodelling: a randomised contrast echocardiography study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.201681" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1898" "paginaFinal" => "1903" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 83 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0420" "etiqueta" => "84" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of postconditioning on infarct size in 112. patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.199430" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1710" "paginaFinal" => "1715" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 84 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0425" "etiqueta" => "85" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction without shock: the 113. CRISP AMI randomized trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1280" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "306" "paginaInicial" => "1329" "paginaFinal" => "1337" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 85 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0430" "etiqueta" => "86" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relative renal safety of iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JACC Cardiovasc Interv" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "645" "paginaFinal" => "654" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 86 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0435" "etiqueta" => "87" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impact of contrast-induced acute kidney injury with transient or persistent renal dysfunction on long-term outcomes of patients with 115. acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.218677" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1753" "paginaFinal" => "1757" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 87 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0440" "etiqueta" => "88" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Contrast-induced nephropathy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300517" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1723" "paginaFinal" => "1725" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 88 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0445" "etiqueta" => "89" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is simpler also better? Brief sodium bicarbonate infusion to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "1042" "paginaFinal" => "1043" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 89 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0450" "etiqueta" => "90" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Preoperative use and safety of coronary angiography for acute aortic valve infective endocarditis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.183772" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "696" "paginaFinal" => "700" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 90 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0455" "etiqueta" => "91" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of rimonabant on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) progression in patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: the AUDITOR Trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223446" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1143" "paginaFinal" => "1150" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 91 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0460" "etiqueta" => "92" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Peripheral arterial disease. Current evidence for carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.169151" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "636" "paginaFinal" => "642" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 92 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0465" "etiqueta" => "93" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0912321" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "363" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "23" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 93 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0470" "etiqueta" => "94" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Short term and intermediate term comparison of endarterectomy versus stenting for carotid artery stenosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "340" "paginaInicial" => "c467" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 94 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0475" "etiqueta" => "95" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Carotid artery stenting: the 2011 NICE guidelines" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301218" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "275" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 95 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0480" "etiqueta" => "96" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Contemporary management of concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.203612" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "175" "paginaFinal" => "180" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 96 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0485" "etiqueta" => "97" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combination of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque for better predicting risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223032" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1326" "paginaFinal" => "1331" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 97 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0490" "etiqueta" => "98" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Two-year outcomes after transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1200384" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "366" "paginaInicial" => "1686" "paginaFinal" => "1695" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 98 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0495" "etiqueta" => "99" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: incidence and early outcome. Results from the German transcatheter aortic valve interventions registry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.217158" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "899" "paginaFinal" => "906" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 99 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0500" "etiqueta" => "100" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Incidence, predictive factors, and prognostic value of myocardial injury following uncomplicated transcatheter aortic valve implantation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.060" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "1988" "paginaFinal" => "1999" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 100 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0505" "etiqueta" => "101" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Health-related quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.040022" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Circulation" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "1964" "paginaFinal" => "1972" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 101 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0510" "etiqueta" => "102" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Short-term effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on neurohormonal activation, quality of life and 6-minute walk test in severe and symptomatic aortic stenosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.180661" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1102" "paginaFinal" => "1106" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 102 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0515" "etiqueta" => "103" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients ineligible for conventional aortic valve replacement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300444" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "370" "paginaFinal" => "376" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 103 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0520" "etiqueta" => "104" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with standard care among inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis: results from the placement of aortic transcatheter valves (PARTNER) trial (Cohort B)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054072" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Circulation" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "1102" "paginaFinal" => "1109" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 104 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0525" "etiqueta" => "105" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence to patient selection criteria in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the 18F CoreValve ReValving System" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.172809" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "19" "paginaFinal" => "26" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 105 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0530" "etiqueta" => "106" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "TAVI as a threat to surgical practice: “much ado about nothing” or “the quiet before the storm”?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.208983" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1609" "paginaFinal" => "1610" "link" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] ] ] 106 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0535" "etiqueta" => "107" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "What is the impact of providing a transcatheter aortic valve implantation service on conventional aortic valve surgical activity: patient risk factors and outcomes in the first 2 years" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.203661" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "1633" …2 ] ] ] ] ] ] 107 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0540" "etiqueta" => "108" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair for mitral regurgitation: NICE guidance" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.183269" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 108 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0545" "etiqueta" => "109" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral repair with the MitraClip system: safety and midterm durability in the initial EVEREST (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study) cohort" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.077" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 109 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0550" "etiqueta" => "110" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "EVEREST II randomized clinical trial: predictors of mitral valve replacement in de novo surgery or after the MitraClip procedure" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.047" "Revista" => array:7 [ …7] ] ] ] ] ] 110 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0555" "etiqueta" => "111" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute haemodynamic changes after percutaneous mitral valve repair: relation to mid-term outcomes" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300705" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 111 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0560" "etiqueta" => "112" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Alcohol septal ablation for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A multicenter North American registry" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.073" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 112 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0565" "etiqueta" => "113" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term survival in patients with resting obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison of conservative versus invasive treatment" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.040" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 113 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0570" "etiqueta" => "114" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Late benefits of dual-chamber pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a 10-year follow-up study" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2008.158915" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] 114 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0575" "etiqueta" => "115" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term outcome of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a Scandinavian multicenter study" "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.959718" "Revista" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S087025511300053X/v1_201308021350/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "18085" "tipo" => "SECCION" "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editors' network" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S087025511300053X/v1_201308021350/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025511300053X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"]

Estatísticas

Editors’ Network

Almanac 2012: Interventional cardiology

Pascal Meiera,

Autor para correspondência

pascalmeier74@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Adam Timmisb

a The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospitals UCLH, London, UK

b London Chest Hospital, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

Lido

6695

Vezes
que se leu este artigo

2053

Total PDF

4642

Total HTML

Compartilhar estatísticas

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S087025511300053X"
  "issn" => "08702551"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2013.01.003"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01"
  "aid" => "269"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2013"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "ssu"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:447-57"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 4028
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 197
      "HTML" => 2978
      "PDF" => 853
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0870255113000723"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2013.02.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01"
    "aid" => "272"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "prv"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:459-60"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3650
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 159
        "HTML" => 2626
        "PDF" => 865
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Recomendado do M&#234;s</span>"
      "titulo" => "Coment&#225;rio a &#171;Redu&#231;&#227;o na terap&#234;utica inapropriada e na mortalidade atrav&#233;s da programa&#231;&#227;o do CDI&#187;"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "459"
          "paginaFinal" => "460"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Ant&#243;nio Hip&#243;lito Reis"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ant&#243;nio"
              "apellidos" => "Hip&#243;lito Reis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255113000723?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S0870255113000723/v1_201308021350/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0870255113000760"
    "issn" => "08702551"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.repc.2012.10.014"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-05-01"
    "aid" => "276"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:443-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5966
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 200
        "HTML" => 4895
        "PDF" => 871
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Image in cardiology</span>"
      "titulo" => "A case of coronary-vertebral subclavian steal syndrome"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "443"
          "paginaFinal" => "445"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Um caso de s&#237;ndrome de roubo subcl&#225;vio coron&#225;rio-vertebral"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1666
              "Ancho" => 1667
              "Tamanyo" => 210297
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Antero-posterior&#44; volume rendering technique of the heart and great vessels&#44; depicting subclavian artery occlusion and patent LIMA&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Paulo G&#46; Pedro, Berta Car&#244;la, Rui Conduto, Isabel Bar&#227;o, Rui Cruz Ferreira, Manuel Pedro Magalh&#227;es"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Paulo G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pedro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Berta"
              "apellidos" => "Car&#244;la"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rui"
              "apellidos" => "Conduto"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Isabel"
              "apellidos" => "Bar&#227;o"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rui Cruz"
              "apellidos" => "Ferreira"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manuel Pedro"
              "apellidos" => "Magalh&#227;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0870255113000760?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S0870255113000760/v1_201308021350/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:16 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editors&#8217; Network</span>"
    "titulo" => "Almanac 2012&#58; Interventional cardiology"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "447"
        "paginaFinal" => "457"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Pascal Meier, Adam Timmis"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Pascal"
            "apellidos" => "Meier"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "pascalmeier74&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Adam"
            "apellidos" => "Timmis"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "The Heart Hospital&#44; University College London Hospitals UCLH&#44; London&#44; UK"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "London Chest Hospital&#44; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry&#44; London&#44; UK"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical treatment</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PCI&#41; has guideline recommendations for treatment of ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction &#40;MI&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However&#44; its role in stable coronary disease has been the subject of reappraisal following publication of the COURAGE trial&#44; which showed that&#44; in patients receiving optimal medical therapy&#44; PCI does not improve cardiovascular outcomes&#44; while incremental benefits for quality of life disappear by 36 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> A more recent meta-analysis of eight trials of optimal medical therapy versus PCI involving 7229 patients bears out the COURAGE conclusions by showing no significant differences between the groups with regard to death &#40;9&#46;1&#37; vs 8&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; non-fatal MI &#40;8&#46;1&#37; vs 8&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; unplanned revascularisation &#40;30&#46;7&#37; vs 21&#46;4&#37;&#41; and persistent angina &#40;33&#37; vs 29&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Drug-eluting stents &#40;DESs&#41; were used in only a minority of these patients and may have reduced the need for further revascularisation while improving symptomatic responses&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the meta-analysis reinforces contemporary guideline advice for optimal medical treatment as the initial treatment for stable angina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Whether this will change current practice remains to be seen&#44; but early signs are not encouraging&#46; Thus a US registry analysis of patients undergoing PCI before &#40;n&#61;173416&#41; and after &#40;n&#61;293 795&#41; the COURAGE report showed no change in the proportions receiving optimal medical treatment &#40;43&#46;5&#37; vs 44&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">PCI versus coronary bypass surgery</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The safety of PCI at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery has been confirmed in two recent reports&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> Add to this the feasibility of PCI in increasingly complex disease and we need look no further to explain the substantial reductions in rates of coronary bypass surgery &#40;CABG&#41; in recent years&#46; A recent US study of revascularisation procedures during 2001&#8211;2008 showed a 38&#37; decline in rates of CABG&#44; while PCI decreased by only 4&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Some have questioned whether patients are being appropriately advised according to contemporary guidelines&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> a US analysis of 500 154 PCIs reporting that&#44; among the 28&#46;9&#37; of cases performed for non-acute indications&#44; only 50&#46;4&#37; were appropriate and that angina was not present in many of the inappropriate cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In the absence of any evidence of prognostic benefit&#44; there can be no indication for PCI in stable patients without angina&#46; In patients with angina&#44; on the other hand&#44; PCI is as effective as CABG in providing symptom relief at 12 months&#44; judging by a recent report from the SYNTAX investigators&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> However&#44; CABG may have the advantage of providing prognostic benefit&#44; recent US registry data showing a lower 4-year mortality compared with PCI &#40;16&#46;4&#37; vs 20&#46;8&#37;&#41; in an analysis that adjusted for selection bias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Of course&#44; being a registry study&#44; treatment allocation was not random and any conclusions about relative prognostic benefits require caution&#46; Nevertheless&#44; guideline recommendations are for surgery in complex three-vessel and left main stem disease&#44; although many patients continue to express a preference for PCI&#44; particularly now we have reports of the feasibility and safety of same-day discharge&#46; This is particularly applicable with radial access &#40;or post-procedural deployment of a femoral closure device&#41;&#44; and&#44; in a US registry study&#44; 1339 patients discharged on the same day as their procedure had similar 30-day readmission rates to 105 679 patients who stayed overnight&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> This is important because it is now recognised that readmission within 30 days after PCI is associated with a significant increase in 1-year mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Left main stem disease</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The trespass of PCI on to territory that was formerly surgical is best illustrated by its increasing application in unprotected left main stem disease&#46; Registry data from the USA for 131 004 patients with unprotected left main stem disease show the proportion treated with PCI increasing from 3&#46;8&#37; to 4&#46;9&#37; between 2004 and 2008&#46; PCI recipients were older with more comorbidities&#44; probably accounting for their higher hospital mortality compared with the overall cohort &#40;13&#37; vs 5&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Technical improvements since 2008 have seen further increases in rates of PCI in unprotected left main stem disease&#44; and we now have randomised trial data confirming its safety and efficacy in selected patients&#46; Thus in the Korean PRECOMBAT trial of drug-eluting stenting versus CABG in 600 patients&#44; 8&#46;7&#37; of patients in the stent group and 6&#46;7&#37; in the CABG group met the primary end point &#40;a composite of death&#44; MI&#44; stroke and ischaemia-driven revascularisation at 12 months&#41;&#44; a difference significant for the non-inferiority of stenting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> As in previous randomised comparisons&#44; the difference was driven largely by a higher rate of repeat revascularisation in stent recipients &#40;9&#46;0&#37; vs 4&#46;2&#37; after 2 years&#44; p&#61;0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Selection for revascularisation in left main stem disease has traditionally been based on angiographic assessment&#44; but a recent study suggests that measurement of minimum lumen area by intravascular ultrasound &#40;IVUS&#41; might be a better means of selection in patients with &#8216;intermediate&#8217; angiographic stenoses in the range 25&#8211;60&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Correlation between minimum lumen area and angiographic stenosis was poor&#44; but a 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> area measurement provided a safe threshold for determining revascularisation&#44; the event-free survival being no worse in the patients with an area measurement &#62;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> who did not undergo revascularisation compared with the patients with an area measurement &#60;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> who did&#46; These were non-randomised data&#44; but point to a useful role for IVUS in the management of left main coronary artery disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">DESs and stent thrombosis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The introduction of bare metal stents &#40;BMSs&#41; towards the end of the last decade dramatically improved the performance and safety of PCI&#44; but it required drug-eluting technology to make a significant impact on restenosis rates&#46; Concerns about an increased risk of stent thrombosis with DESs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> appear to have been exaggerated&#44; particularly with the current generation of DESs&#44; but the beneficial effects on restenosis have been borne out&#46; Thus a recent meta-analysis comparing sirolimus-eluting and bare metal stents in patients with diabetes reported dramatic reductions in the need for repeat revascularisation with the DES &#40;HR 0&#46;27&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;18 to 0&#46;41&#41; without any increase in the risk of stent thrombosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; it has been the everolimus-eluting stent that has emerged as the interventionists&#8217; favourite&#44; a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials including 17101 patients reporting thrombosis rates of only 0&#46;7&#37; during 21&#46;7 months&#8217; follow-up&#44; compared with 1&#46;5&#37; in patients treated with any other type of DES&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> A further meta-analysis pooled data from 49 randomised trials including 50 844 patients and came to similar conclusions by showing that everolimus-eluting stents had the lowest risk of stent thrombosis at 30 days and 1 year compared with other stents approved for use in the USA&#44; including BMSs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The difference in favour of everolimus-eluting stents remained significant at 2 years when the odds of stent thrombosis was 0&#46;34 &#40;95&#37; CI 0&#46;19 to 0&#46;62&#41; compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents and 0&#46;35 &#40;95&#37; CI 0&#46;17 to 0&#46;69&#41; compared with BMSs&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data on DESs in saphenous vein grafts are somewhat less clear&#44; but the limited available randomised trials do suggest superiority compared with BMSs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> For primary PCI&#44; concerns that the thrombotic environment might predispose to DES thrombosis have not been fully realised&#44; a pooled analysis of 15 STEMI trials comparing first-generation DESs with BMSs reporting a lower requirement for target vessel revascularisation with DESs &#40;RR 0&#46;51&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;43 to 0&#46;61&#41;&#44; with no difference in the rate of stent thrombosis compared with BMSs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Indeed&#44; the risk of stent thrombosis during the first year was reduced for DESs &#40;RR 0&#46;80&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;58 to 1&#46;12&#41; but increased thereafter &#40;RR 2&#46;10&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;20 to 3&#46;69&#41;&#44; suggesting that the early benefit of first-generation DESs in primary PCI is offset by a later increase in the risk of stent thrombosis&#46; Newer-generation DESs may overcome this drawback&#44; but&#44; until we have sufficient data&#44; operators should carefully weigh the differential risk of restenosis and stent thrombosis between the two stent types&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interest in bioresorbable stents has been enhanced by reports from a phase II evaluation of imaging data 12 months after implantation in 56 patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The restenosis rate was only 3&#46;5&#37;&#44; and &#62;95&#37; of the stent struts were endothelialised&#46; Moreover&#44; variable coronary dilatation in response to acetylcholine was observed&#44; indicating some return of normal vasomotor responses&#46; The results of randomised trials now in the planning stage are eagerly awaited&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Optimal arterial access</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radial access for coronary angiography has now achieved widespread application&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> One reason is the accumulating evidence that it reduces bleeding risk and&#44; perhaps because of this&#44; may reduce mortality in primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Thus a comprehensive meta-analysis pooling all the data from randomised primary PCI trials comparing femoral with radial access showed a nearly 50&#37; mortality reduction in the radial group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Whether this beneficial effect is generalisable to everyday clinical practice is unclear&#44; but observational data support the trial results and indicate benefit of radial access for primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> Another potentially important advantage of radial access is its association with a reduced risk of kidney injury&#44; as reported in a large Canadian study of 69 214 patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> The mechanism is unclear and the largest trial comparing radial and femoral access&#44; the RIVAL trial&#44; did not show a clear advantage for either access route&#44; although radial access appeared preferable in the subgroup undergoing primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> On the basis of current evidence&#44; the choice between radial and femoral access should be individualised taking into account operator experience&#44; bleeding risk and patient preference&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antiplatelet therapies&#8212;what&#39;s new&#63;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients undergoing PCI&#44; dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel remain central to guideline recommendations&#46; For clopidogrel&#44; a pooled analysis of available data favoured a loading dose of 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; which was associated with a 34&#37; reduction in the rate of major adverse cardiac events &#40;MACE&#41; without any increase in the risk of major bleeding compared with a 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg loading dose&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> Now we have randomised trial evidence confirming that&#44; compared with the 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg loading dose&#44; the 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg dose in primary PCI is associated with significant reductions in infarct size&#44; measured by median CKMB mass over 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;2070 vs 3029 ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Continuing therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is usually recommended after PCI in both stable and patients with acute coronary syndromes &#40;ACS&#41;&#44; but the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is variable&#44; and high on-treatment platelet reactivity can be demonstrated in 14&#46;7&#8211;26&#46;9&#37; of patients&#44; depending on the test used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Part of this variability in antiplatelet responsiveness is explained by the fact that clopidogrel is a prodrug&#44; and the enzymes that form its active metabolites exhibit functionally distinct polymorphisms&#46; However&#44; a study from the Netherlands of 1069 clopidogrel-pretreated patients undergoing elective PCI found that loss-of-function CYP2C19 carrier status explained only part of the variability in platelet reactivity &#40;13&#46;0&#8211;20&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; depending on the test used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> One approach to modifying high on-treatment platelet reactivity in carriers of loss-of-function CYP2C19 variants is to use antiplatelet drugs metabolised by different pathways&#44; and this was confirmed by investigators from Korea in a substudy of the CILON-T randomised trial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> In patients with loss-of-function CYP2C19 variants who were randomised to dual antiplatelet therapy plus cilostazol&#44; a selective phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor&#44; on-treatment platelet reactivity was significantly reduced compared with patients who received only aspirin and clopidogrel&#46; This effect of cilostazol was not seen in non-carriers of the loss-of-function polymorphism&#46; An alternative approach for modifying high on-treatment platelet reactivity after PCI is to increase the dose of clopidogrel&#46; However&#44; this was found ineffective in the GRAVITAS trial&#44; the 6-month rate of the composite of cardiovascular death&#44; MI and stent thrombosis being identical for groups randomised to high-dose &#40;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg daily&#41; or standard-dose &#40;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg daily&#41; clopidogrel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Current guideline recommendations are for clopidogrel to be stopped 12 months after DES deployment when endothelialisation is complete&#44; reducing the risk of thrombosis&#46; Worryingly&#44; a clustering of late clinical events has been associated with this policy&#44; perhaps because of an increase in arachidonic acid-induced platelet activation as reported in a recent UK study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> lending support to the accumulating evidence that clopidogrel exerts some of its antiplatelet effects via this pathway&#44; independently of aspirin&#46; Indeed&#44; it has been suggested that discontinuation of aspirin instead of clopidogrel might be more rational 1 year after stenting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> This question will soon be tested in the large GLOBAL-LEADERS randomised trial&#46; The limitations of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel have been further illustrated by the on-TIME-2 trial&#44; in which patients undergoing primary PCI were randomised to additional prehospital tirofiban or placebo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> The addition of tirofiban produced more effective platelet inhibition than aspirin and clopidogrel alone&#44; and this was associated with a reduction in MACE and early stent thrombosis&#46; On-TIME-2 lends further support to guideline recommendations for early glycoprotein IIb&#47;IIIa inhibition together with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing primary PCI&#46;</p><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Newer P2Y12 receptor inhibitors</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These include prasugrel and ticagrelor&#44; which now have guideline indications in ACS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> based on the TRITON and PLATO randomised trials&#44; which were the subject of recent review&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> TRITON randomised patients undergoing PCI for ACS to either clopidogrel or prasugrel therapy for 12 months after the procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> Prasugrel showed superiority over clopidogrel for the composite primary end point&#44; driven mainly by periprocedural MI&#46; It also showed significant risk reduction for stent thrombosis&#46; However&#44; these benefits came with an increased risk of major and minor bleeding&#46; In the PLATO trial of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with ACS managed medically or with PCI&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> ticagrelor was superior with regard to the primary composite end point of MACE&#44; but&#44; while minor bleeding was more common with ticagrelor&#44; the major bleeding risk was comparable to that with clopidogrel&#46; These randomised trials have confirmed that more intensive platelet inhibition with prasugrel or ticagrelor delivers better clinical outcomes in ACS&#44; although there is a bleeding penalty&#44; particularly it seems for prasugrel&#46; The clinical outcome advantage for both drugs is small in absolute terms&#44; raising important questions about cost-effectiveness&#46; A US evaluation for prasugrel concluded it was &#8216;an economically attractive treatment strategy&#8217;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> but a more recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence &#40;NICE&#41; technology assessment was more guarded&#44; recommending prasugrel as an option in patients with STEMI if immediate primary PCI is necessary &#40;based on its rapid onset of action compared with clopidogrel&#41;&#44; or if diabetes is present or if stent thrombosis has occurred during clopidogrel treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> However&#44; concern was expressed about its likely cost-effectiveness in other situations&#46; A recent health&#8212;economic analysis based on the PLATO study concluded that treating patients with ACS with ticagrelor for 12 months is associated with a cost per QALY &#40;quality-adjusted life year&#41; below generally accepted thresholds for cost-effectiveness&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Bivalirudin and heparin</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bivalirudin is now available for treatment of ACS and has rapidly gained a central role in primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> It is a direct thrombin inhibitor with additional activity against thrombinmediated platelet activation that showed superiority over a combined regimen of heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb&#47;IIIa inhibitor in HORIZONS-AMI&#44; due largely to a lower rate of major bleeding &#40;4&#46;9&#37; vs 8&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; All-cause mortality was lower at 30 days&#44; and we now have 3-year follow-up data confirming persistent mortality benefit &#40;5&#46;9&#37; vs 7&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; ensuring a guideline recommendation for bivalirudin in primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> The clinical benefits of bivalirudin have also been associated with cost-effectiveness&#44; patient lifetime costs in the UK being &#163;267 lower than for glycoprotein IIb&#47;IIIa inhibitors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> A small increase in rates of stent thrombosis with bivalirudin was not seen in patients pretreated with heparin&#44; and the mortality benefits of combining bivalirudin with heparin pretreatment have since been reported from the SCAAR registry&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> leading the editorialist to recommend dual therapy in patients undergoing primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unfractionated heparin retains a class 1 recommendation for use during PCI&#44; but a recent meta-analysis of pooled data from 23 studies has shown that enoxaparin is associated with significant reductions in the composite of death and MI and in major bleeding rates compared with unfractionated heparin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> These benefits were greatest for primary PCI&#44; but were also seen in PCI for non-ST elevation MI and stable angina&#46; The time may be right for a change of policy in favour of low-molecular-weight heparin during PCI&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Intravascular imaging&#8212;clinical benefit&#63;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical benefit of using IVUS to guide PCI remains controversial&#44; although a pooled analysis of seven randomised BMS trials has concluded that IVUS-guided PCI is associated with a reduced risk of in-stent restenosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> IVUS is also finding a role in assessing left main stem lesions for revascularisation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> As a research tool&#44; however&#44; and for validation of non-invasive imaging of coronary stenosis&#44; IVUS has proved particularly valuable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> Thus&#44; in a recent study comparing coronary CT angiography and IVUS for plaque volume measurements&#44; there was only modest agreement between the two methods &#40;Bland&#8212;Altman limits of agreement &#8722;67 to &#43;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; reflecting the limitations of coronary CT for assessing the extent of coronary disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> While the ability to image across the coronary arterial wall is a particular strength of IVUS&#44; the technology is limited by image resolution&#44; which is considerably inferior to optical coherence tomography &#40;OCT&#41;&#46; In a substudy of ODESSA&#44; for example&#44; suboptimal stent deployment was identified by OCT at the level of individual stent struts&#44; a detail that could never be reproduced by IVUS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a> Increasingly&#44; OCT is being used to assess stent strut endothelialisation&#44; a recent Japanese study of everolimus-eluting stent implantation showing that&#44; of 5931 struts assessed&#44; 98&#46;4&#37; were endothelialised 8 months after implantation&#44; an observation reflected in the low thrombotic risk for these second-generation DESs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Intravascular imaging has also been used to assess plaque stability&#44; the PROSPECT trial confirming that IVUS can differentiate stable from unstable plaque and predict adverse events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a> A key feature of unstable plaque is thin-cap atherosclerosis&#44; and recent data remind us that the inflammatory environment is an important determinant of instability&#44; an OCT study showing a clear association between the cap thickness of plaques and inflammatory plasma markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Technical aspects of stenting&#8212;what have we learnt&#63;</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Overlapping stents</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Re-endothelialisation of overlapping stent segments is slower&#44; and most operators prefer single stent deployment for that reason&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a> However&#44; in the real world&#44; overlapping stent deployment is often unavoidable&#44; and&#44; for DESs&#44; the conventional wisdom has been that homogeneous stents should be used to avoid elution of different pharmacological compounds within the overlapping segment&#46; This has now been challenged by a Korean study of 1080 patients who received overlapping DESs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a> The study showed that cardiac death&#44; MI or target lesion revascularisation occurred with similar frequency regardless of whether the DESs were homogeneous or heterogeneous&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Bifurcation stenting</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have shown that a single&#44; main vessel stent deployment provides outcomes that are comparable&#8212;and often superior&#8212;to two-stent deployment&#46; Thus a combined analysis of the NORDIC Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study showed that&#44; in patients randomised to &#8216;simple&#8217; main vessel stenting&#44; the composite MACE end point at 9 months occurred in 10&#46;1&#37; of patients compared with 17&#46;3&#37; of patients who underwent complex two-vessel stenting &#40;p&#61;0&#46;001&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a> However&#44; questions remain&#44; particularly concerning the value of final kissing balloon inflations across the bifurcation following main-vessel stenting&#46; This was addressed in a large observational study of 1055 patients undergoing bifurcation stenting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> A comparative propensity analysis of patients who did and did not have final kissing balloon inflations showed a higher incidence of MACE and target lesion revascularisation&#44; mostly in the main vessel&#44; for patients who had final kissing balloon inflations&#46; The pendulum therefore has now swung away from final kissing balloon inflation&#44; which may cause more harm than good&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Myocardial infarction&#8212;high-sensitivity troponin assays</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Central to the diagnosis of acute MI is the demonstration of a raised and changing troponin concentration in the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after symptom onset&#46; The availability of high-sensitivity troponin &#40;hsTn&#41; assays is likely to see diagnostic thresholds fall&#44; with important implications for clinical management and cardiac outcomes&#46; Thus&#44; in a recent study in which hsTn-I was measured in 1038 patients with suspected ACS&#44; values below the previous limit of detection &#40;0&#46;20 ng&#47;ml&#41; showed graded association with death or non-fatal MI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> In a further 1054 patients&#44; the diagnostic threshold was lowered to 0&#46;05 ng&#47;ml&#44; and attending physicians were invited to modify their management accordingly&#46; Rates of death and recurrent MI fell from 39&#37; to 12&#37; among patients with troponin concentrations 0&#46;05&#8211;0&#46;19 ng&#47;ml&#44; levels that would have been undetectable with conventional troponin assays&#46; The investigators concluded that lowering the diagnostic threshold using hsTn assays has the potential to identify many high-risk individuals with suspected ACS and produce major improvements in their prognosis&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has always been the recommendation that the diagnostic threshold level chosen for troponin should be based on a coefficient of variation of &#8804;10&#37;&#44; but new guidance is for the 99th centile value to be adopted regardless of assay imprecision&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a> The potential clinical impact of this change in guidance was evaluated in the same cohort as reported previously&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> this time using a diagnostic threshold of 0&#46;012<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;l &#40;coefficient of variation 20&#46;8&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a> At 1 year&#44; patients with troponin concentrations of 0&#46;012&#8211;0&#46;049<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;l&#44; who previously would have escaped a diagnosis of MI&#44; were more likely to be dead or readmitted with recurrent MI than those with troponin concentrations &#60;0&#46;012<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;l &#40;13&#37; vs 3&#37;&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The authors concluded that lowering the diagnostic threshold to the 99th centile and accepting greater assay imprecision would identify more patients at high-risk of recurrent MI and death&#44; but increase the diagnosis of MI by 46&#37;&#46; It remains to be established whether reclassification of these patients and treating them according to conventional MI guidelines will improve their outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">hsTn assays will not only cause diagnostic thresholds for acute MI to fall&#44; but may also allow identification of patients with apparently stable coronary disease who have vulnerable coronary lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a> Thus a recent study has shown a strong correlation between hsTn-T and non-calcified plaque burden &#40;r&#61;0&#46;79&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41; in 124 patients with stable angina undergoing CT angiography&#44; patients with remodelled non-calcified plaque having the highest hsTn-T values&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a> hsTn assays have already found clinical application for the early diagnosis of MI in patients with chest pain attending the emergency department&#46; In the Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers &#40;RATPAC&#41; trial&#44; the use of hsTn-I within a panel of biomarkers allowed successful discharge of 32&#37; of patients compared with 13&#37; of patients receiving standard diagnostic procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a> Beyond their central role for diagnosis&#44; troponins also provide a measure of the severity of MI&#44; and&#44; in a report from the GRACE registry&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a> incorporating 16 318 patients with non-ST elevation MI&#44; each 10-fold increase in the troponin ratio was associated with stepwise increments in ventricular arrhythmias&#44; heart failure&#44; cardiogenic shock and death&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">72</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Non-culprit lesions in ACS</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The importance of myocardial salvage during the acute phase of infarction is emphasised by the fact that prognosis is driven largely by ultimate infarct size&#46; We could therefore hypothesise that treating all significant lesions is beneficial&#46; One of the first primary PCI randomised trials testing this hypothesis was reported last year&#46; Among 214 patients with multivessel disease&#44; adverse event rates during a mean follow-up of 2&#46;5 years were higher with culprit-only PCI compared with multivessel PCI&#44; whether performed during the index procedure or as a staged procedure afterwards&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a> However&#44; the trial was small and not definitive&#44; a more recent meta-analysis finding in favour of culprit-only primary PCI with a staged strategy for non-culprit lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">74</span></a> This has become the guideline recommendation and was further supported by analysis of observational data from the HORIZONS-AMI trial in which outcomes for 275 patients treated with single-procedure stenting were compared with outcomes for 393 patients treated with staged procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a> The single-procedure group received significantly more stents yet had a significantly higher 12 month mortality &#40;9&#46;2&#37; vs 2&#46;3&#37;&#41; than the staged procedure group&#46; The weight of evidence is now firmly in favour of culprit-only stenting during primary PCI&#46;</p><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Infarct size and myocardial salvage</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Circadian rhythms in the onset of MI are well established&#44; the morning hours being the period of greatest risk&#46; Intriguingly&#44; infarct size appears to show similar circadian variation&#44; a retrospective analysis of 811 patients with STEMI showing that creatine kinase &#40;CK&#41; and troponin I curves peak between 06&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and noon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">76</span></a> Myocardial salvage in response to reperfusion therapy with PCI is the major strategy for limiting infarct size therapeutically and can now be quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance &#40;CMR&#41;&#46; A study of 208 patients presenting with STEMI confirmed that the extent of salvage measured by CMR is closely related to long-term prognosis&#44; patients with a myocardial salvage index &#40;MSI&#41; above the median level having a lower number of adverse cardiovascular events &#40;7 vs 26&#41; and deaths &#40;2 vs 12&#41; after 18&#46;5 months than patients with MSI below the median level&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">77</span></a> Myocardial reperfusion&#44; however&#44; can itself exacerbate injury&#44; by a variety of mechanisms which include interstitial haemorrhage&#46; This can be detected by CMR and was reported in 25&#37; of patients with STEMI treated successfully by primary PCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a> The presence of haemorrhage was an independent predictor of adverse remodelling&#44; as reflected by increased left ventricular &#40;LV&#41; end-systolic volume at 3 months&#46; The importance of interstitial haemorrhage as a predictor of LV remodelling was emphasised by the improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves from 0&#46;699 to 0&#46;826 when it was added to LV ejection fraction and infarct size in the predictive model&#46; Microvascular obstruction after primary PCI is also predictive of remodelling&#44; and in another CMR study was found to correlate significantly with reperfusion haemorrhage &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#61;0&#46;87&#44; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Strategies to protect against reperfusion injury remain high on the research agenda and have been the subject of recent review&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80</span></a> In one study the effect of erythropoietin was tested based on beneficial experimental effects for reducing infarct size&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">81</span></a> However&#44; the study was negative&#44; with patients randomised to erythropoietin &#40;50 000 IU&#41; before primary PCI showing an increased incidence of microvascular obstruction and LV dilatation without reduction in infarct size compared with patients randomised to placebo&#46; Another study using forearm plethysmography tested a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist&#44; based on the hypothesis that endogenous bradykinin is a mediator of reperfusion injury&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a> The investigators found that remote ischaemic preconditioning abolished the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasomotor function induced by plethysmography&#44; but bradykinin receptor blockade had no effect&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the finding that conditioning stimuli provide a clinically applicable means of protection against reperfusion injury was not new and has been replicated in other more recent clinical trials&#46; A comparative primary PCI study of post-conditioning by staccato reversus abrupt reperfusion&#44; for example&#44; showed that the staccato protocol was associated with better preservation of microvascular function and LV dimensions 12 months later&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a> Staccato reperfusion was also partially effective in another primary PCI study in which patients were randomised to staccato reperfusion versus control&#46; Infarct size was unaffected&#44; except in patients with large areas at risk in whom it was significantly reduced by post-conditioning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The benefits of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation &#40;IABC&#41; when cardiogenic shock complicates acute MI are generally accepted&#46; Recently&#44; the role of IABC for reducing infarct size in haemodynamically stable patients with anterior MI was tested in a randomised trial of 337 patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85</span></a> Infarct size at 3&#8211;5 days determined by MRI showed no significant difference between the groups&#44; but those patients randomised to IABC showed a trend towards more vascular complications&#46; The authors concluded that IABC produces no clinical benefit in this group of patients&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Contrast-induced acute kidney injury &#40;CI-AKI&#41;</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Whether newer contrast agents&#44; such as iso-osmolar contrast&#44; have an impact on the CI-AKI risk is controversial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86</span></a> Risk of CI-AKI is particularly high in patients presenting with an ACS&#44; and recent data confirm it has a significant impact on clinical outcomes&#44; including length of hospital stay and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87&#44;88</span></a> The ACS setting offers little time to apply reno-protective measures&#44; and strategies requiring up to 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of prehydration are clearly impractical&#46; The need for a change in practice was emphasised by Wi et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a> who concluded that renal function should be measured at baseline and after primary PCI&#44; to refine risk stratification&#46; Meanwhile consideration should be given to reno-protection with bicarbonate&#44; which has been reported to be more effective than normal saline using short-infusion or singlebolus protocols&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">89</span></a> In certain subgroups&#44; such as patients requiring urgent surgery for infective endocarditis&#44; preoperative coronary angiography does not appear to increase the risk of acute kidney injury&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">90</span></a> but&#44; in general&#44; contrast exposure should be kept at as low a level as possible during primary PCI&#46; Meanwhile&#44; randomised trials testing short-duration prehydration protocols or bolus applications of potentially reno-protective substances are needed&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Carotid artery stenosis&#8212;is stenting still an option&#63;</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Life style adjustment and secondary prevention drugs may not always be effective in protecting against progression of carotid atherosclerosis&#46; A recent trial of weight reduction with rimonabant&#44; for example&#44; reported that a 5&#37; reduction in body weight over 30 months failed to influence the progression of carotid disease compared with patients who received placebo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">91</span></a> Many patients therefore require an interventional solution to their carotid disease&#44; but whether this should be surgical or percutaneous remains contentious&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">92</span></a> A large randomised trial of 2502 patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis showed no significant difference in the estimated rates of the primary composite end point &#40;periprocedural stroke&#44; MI&#44; or death or any ipsilateral stroke within 4 years&#41; and no differential treatment effect by symptomatic status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">93</span></a> However&#44; a recent meta-analysis pooling data from 11 randomised trials comparing carotid endarterectomy &#40;CEA&#41; with carotid artery stenting &#40;CAS&#41; showed that the periprocedural risk of mortality or stroke was lower for CEA &#40;OR 0&#46;67&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;47 to 0&#46;95&#41;&#44; mainly driven by a decreased risk of minor stroke&#44; whereas the risk of death or disabling stroke was similar between the two groups&#46; The odds of periprocedural MI or cranial nerve injury were significantly higher in the CEA group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">94</span></a> Current NICE guidelines recognise CAS as a treatment option for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis&#44; but emphasise that patients need to understand the risk of stroke and other complications associated with this procedure&#46; Patient selection should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">95</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For asymptomatic carotid artery disease&#44; the situation is even less clear&#46; We know that patients with carotid stenosis undergoing cardiac surgery for their coronary artery disease have an increased periprocedural stroke risk and probably should be considered for treatment even if asymptomatic&#46; The American guidelines recommend CEA if the stenosis is &#8805;80&#37;&#44; either before or combined with CABG&#46; CAS before CABG is an alternative option with good results in patients who are considered &#8216;high risk&#8217; for CEA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">96</span></a> Attempts to refine risk prediction in such patients have been the subject of considerable research&#44; a recent carotid ultrasound study reporting that the total plaque area &#40;HR 1&#46;29&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;08 to 1&#46;55&#41;&#44; the number of plaques &#40;HR 1&#46;14&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;02 to 1&#46;27&#41; and the number of segments with plaque &#40;HR 1&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;09 to 1&#46;93&#41; were all significantly associated with the 5-year risk of cerebrovascular events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">97</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Transcatheter aortic valve implantation</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transcatheter aortic valve implantation &#40;TAVI&#41; in older high-risk patients has yielded excellent results in most centres&#44; the 2-year follow-up of patients in the PARTNER trial supporting the procedure as an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">98</span></a> Thus improvement in valve areas was similar for TAVI and for surgery&#44; with comparable rates of death and stroke during follow-up&#46; However&#44; paravalvular regurgitation was more common after TAVI and has been associated with significantly worse outcomes&#44; the German registry reporting higher in-hospital mortality&#44; even after multivariate adjustments for potential confounders &#40;OR 2&#46;50&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;37 to 4&#46;55&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">99</span></a> Another cause for concern is the potential for myocardial injury during TAVI&#44; as evidenced by elevations of CK-MB in 77&#37; of 101 patients undergoing uncomplicated procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">100</span></a> Median maximal CK-MB levels were higher for transapical than transfemoral access &#40;22&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml vs 9&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#41;&#44; but were unaffected by the presence of coronary artery disease&#46; Elevations of cardiac troponin T were also observed and were predictive of cardiac death at 9 months&#46; Clearly&#44; therefore&#44; TAVI&#44; like surgery&#44; is commonly associated with some degree of myocardial injury that is not benign&#46; In most other respects&#44; however&#44; TAVI appears safe and has been associated with important symptomatic benefits&#44; as reflected in the improvement in health-related quality of life reported by the PARTNER investigators&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">101</span></a> Smaller studies have reinforced these findings by reporting improvement in the 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min walk distance and quality of life scores&#44; while brain natriuretic peptide &#40;BNP&#41; levels decline substantially&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">102</span></a> Add to this the cost-effectiveness of TAVI in US and UK analyses&#44; and it seems certain that indications will continue to expand&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">103&#44;104</span></a> Indeed&#44; off-label TAVI is commonplace&#44; with reported outcomes that are comparable to on-label procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">105</span></a> Paradoxically&#44; increasing TAVI activity appears to have led to a significant increase in referrals for surgical aortic valve replacement&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">106</span></a> with Manchester&#44; for example&#44; seeing a 37&#37; increase in surgical AVR activity within the 2 years of starting a TAVI programme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">107</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Percutaneous mitral valve repair</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The development of percutaneous systems for mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation has proved more challenging than TAVI&#46; NICE gave a guarded verdict on the MitraClip device in 2010&#44; recommending it only be used with &#8216;special arrangements for clinical governance&#44; consent and research for patients who are well enough for surgical mitral valve leaflet repair&#8217;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108</span></a> This was based on the findings of the Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study &#40;EVEREST&#41; investigators in an observational study of 107 patients with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation&#44; which reported a successful MitraClip implant in 74&#37; of patients&#44; of whom 66&#37; achieved freedom from death&#44; mitral valve surgery and severe mitral regurgitation &#40;&#8805;3&#43;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">109</span></a> Since then the EVEREST investigators have undertaken a further observational study in 78 older patients at high risk of conventional surgery&#44; which showed that the MitraClip device reduced mitral regurgitation in the majority of patients&#44; with improvement in symptoms associated with significant LV reverse remodelling over 12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">110</span></a> The benefits of the MitraClip appear closely related to its efficacy in reducing mitral regurgitation&#44; the midterm outcomes showing significant association with the acute haemodynamic response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span></a></p><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three studies have recently reported longer-term outcomes after alcohol septal ablation in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy &#40;HCM&#41;&#46; The results have been encouraging&#46; Among 874 patients with class III or IV symptoms in a US study&#44; six &#40;0&#46;7&#37;&#41; died in relation to the procedure&#44; and survival estimates at 1&#44; 5 and 9 years were 97&#37;&#44; 86&#37; and 74&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">112</span></a> Symptoms improved to class I or II in all but 5&#37; of cases&#44; although 13&#37; required repeat ablation and 3&#37; required surgical myomectomy&#46; In a Canadian study of 649 patients with HCM&#44; 38&#37; were managed conservatively&#44; and 62&#37; underwent invasive therapy with alcohol septal ablation &#40;21&#37;&#41;&#44; surgical myomectomy &#40;71&#37;&#41; or dual chamber pacing &#40;8&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">113</span></a> In multivariate analysis&#44; invasive therapy was independently associated with better overall survival &#40;HR 0&#46;6&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;4 to 0&#46;97&#44; p&#61;0&#46;04&#41;&#44; but not with HCM-related survival&#46; Among the invasive group&#44; the pacemaker-treated group fared less well than patients treated with septal ablation or myomectomy&#44; questioning the call for a reappraisal of pacemaker therapy in a recent Spanish study that reported favourable long-term results in a group of 50 patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">114</span></a> Finally&#44; a Scandinavian study reported marked reductions in outflow tract gradients in response to 313 ablation procedures in 279 patients with HCM&#44; of whom 94&#37; had class III&#47;IV symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">115</span></a> Only 21&#37; had class II&#47;IV symptoms at 1 year&#44; with little change thereafter&#46; Estimated survival rates at 1&#44; 5 and 10 years were 97&#37;&#44; 87&#37; and 67&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; and were comparable to survival rates in an age- and gender- matched population&#46; Taken together&#44; these studies testify to the long-term benefits of alcohol septal ablation in HCM&#44; which appears to be a valid alternative to surgery in symptomatic HCM that does not respond to medical therapy&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Competing interests</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Provenance and peer review</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not commissioned&#59; internally peer reviewed&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:18 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres251370"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical treatment"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "PCI versus coronary bypass surgery"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Left main stem disease"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "DESs and stent thrombosis"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Optimal arterial access"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Antiplatelet therapies&#8212;what&#39;s new&#63;"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Newer P2Y12 receptor inhibitors"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Bivalirudin and heparin"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Intravascular imaging&#8212;clinical benefit&#63;"
        ]
        8 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Technical aspects of stenting&#8212;what have we learnt&#63;"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Overlapping stents"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Bifurcation stenting"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Myocardial infarction&#8212;high-sensitivity troponin assays"
        ]
        10 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0070"
          "titulo" => "Non-culprit lesions in ACS"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0075"
              "titulo" => "Infarct size and myocardial salvage"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0080"
          "titulo" => "Contrast-induced acute kidney injury &#40;CI-AKI&#41;"
        ]
        12 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0085"
          "titulo" => "Carotid artery stenosis&#8212;is stenting still an option&#63;"
        ]
        13 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0090"
          "titulo" => "Transcatheter aortic valve implantation"
        ]
        14 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0095"
          "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral valve repair"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0100"
              "titulo" => "Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        15 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0105"
          "titulo" => "Competing interests"
        ]
        16 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0110"
          "titulo" => "Provenance and peer review"
        ]
        17 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2013-02-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2013-02-16"
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The field of interventional cardiology continues to progress quickly&#46; The efficacy of percutaneous interventions with newer generation drug-eluting stents has advanced a lot over the last decade&#46; This improvement in stent performance has broadened the level of indication towards more complex interventions such as left main and multivessel PCI&#46; Major improvements continue in the field of medical co-therapy such as antiplatelet therapies &#40;bivalirudin&#44; prasugrel&#44; ticagrelor&#41; and this will further improve outcomes of PCI&#46; The same is true for intravascular imaging such as ultrasound IVUS and optical coherence tomography OCT&#46; However&#44; interventional cardiology has become a rather broad field&#44; also including alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy&#44; etc&#46; At the moment&#44; the fastest growing area is the structural interventions&#44; especially for aortic valve stenosis &#40;transcatheter aortic valve implantation TAVI&#41; and for mitral regurgitation &#40;mitral clipping&#41;&#46; This review covers recent advances in all these different fields of interventional cardiology&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Secondary publication&#58; This article was published in its entirety&#44; with the consent of the authors and editors&#44; in Heart&#46; 2012&#59;98&#58;23&#58;1701-9&#46; doi&#58;10&#46;1136&#47;heartjnl-2012-302569&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:115 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Early management of unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction&#58; summary of NICE guidance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.204511"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1662"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1668"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa070829"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "356"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1503"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1516"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of PCI on quality of life in patients with stable coronary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa072771"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "359"
                        "paginaInicial" => "677"
                        "paginaFinal" => "687"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Initial coronary stent implantation with medical therapy vs medical therapy alone for stable coronary artery disease&#58; meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1484"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "172"
                        "paginaInicial" => "312"
                        "paginaFinal" => "319"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of stable angina&#58; summary of NICE guidance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301436"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "500"
                        "paginaFinal" => "507"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patterns and intensity of medical therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.601"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1882"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1889"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcomes of PCI at hospitals with or without on-site cardiac surgery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1114540"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "366"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1792"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1802"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Percutaneous coronary intervention at centers with and without on-site surgery&#58; a meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1790"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "306"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2487"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2494"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coronary revascularization trends in the United States&#44; 2001-2008"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.551"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1769"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1776"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The 2010 ESC&#47;EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularisation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.216135"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "445"
                        "paginaFinal" => "446"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Appropriateness of percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.916"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "306"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "61"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Quality of life after PCI with drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass surgery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1001508"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "364"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1016"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1026"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparative effectiveness of revascularization strategies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1110717"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "366"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1467"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1476"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence and outcomes of same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention among older patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1409"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "306"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1461"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1467"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors associated with 30-day readmission rates after percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.569"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "172"
                        "paginaInicial" => "112"
                        "paginaFinal" => "117"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characteristics and long-term outcomes of percutaneous revascularization of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis in the United States&#58; a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry&#44; 2004 to 2008"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.10.883"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "648"
                        "paginaFinal" => "654"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1100452"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "364"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1718"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1727"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective application of pre-defined intravascular ultrasound criteria for assessment of intermediate left main coronary artery lesions results from the multicenter LITRO study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.064"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "351"
                        "paginaFinal" => "358"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Drug-eluting stents&#58; a reappraisal"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.189522"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "489"
                        "paginaFinal" => "493"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term outcome after sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in patients with diabetes mellitus&#58; a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00392-010-0278-8"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Res Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "561"
                        "paginaFinal" => "570"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of the everolimus-eluting stent on stent thrombosis&#58; a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.049"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1569"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1577"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents&#58; evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60324-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "379"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1393"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1402"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Drug-eluting versus bare-metal stent for treatment of saphenous vein grafts&#58; a meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0011040"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e11040"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of drug-eluting stents with bare metal stents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehs036"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "977"
                        "paginaFinal" => "987"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus-eluting vascular scaffold for the treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis&#58; 12-month clinical and imaging outcomes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.050"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1578"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1588"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical outcomes following radial versus femoral artery access in primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention in Scotland&#58; retrospective cohort study of 4534 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "552"
                        "paginaFinal" => "557"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "If the radial artery is the new standard of care in primary percutaneous coronary intervention&#44; why is most intervention done by the femoral approach&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.207043"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "521"
                        "paginaFinal" => "522"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trans-radial approach for catheterisation in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome&#58; an analysis of major bleeding complications in the ABOARD Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220137"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "887"
                        "paginaFinal" => "891"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influence of access site selection on PCI-related adverse events in patients with STEMI&#58; meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300558"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "303"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Routine use of the transradial approach in primary percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; procedural aspects and outcomes in 2209 patients treated in a single high-volume centre"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300524"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1938"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1942"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Transradial access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; the next standard of care&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.196824"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1344"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic kidney injury in patients after cardiac catheterisation or percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; a comparison of radial and femoral approaches &#40;from the British Columbia Cardiac and Renal Registries&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.192294"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1538"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1542"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes &#40;RIVAL&#41;&#58; a randomised&#44; parallel group&#44; multicentre trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60404-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "377"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1409"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1420"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of clopidogrel loading dose on clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention&#58;a systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.195438"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "98"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcome comparison of 600- and 300-mg loading doses of clopidogrel in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction&#58; results from the ARMYDA-6 MI &#40;Antiplatelet therapy for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty-Myocardial Infarction&#41; randomized study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1592"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1599"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High on-treatment platelet reactivity to both aspirin and clopidogrel is associated with the highest risk of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220491"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "983"
                        "paginaFinal" => "990"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Variability in on-treatment platelet reactivity explained by CYP2C19&#42;2 genotype is modest in clopidogrel pretreated patients undergoing coronary stenting"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.220509"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1244"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cilostazol attenuates on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with CYP2C19 loss of function alleles receiving dual antiplatelet therapy&#58; a genetic substudy of the CILON-T randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.216499"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "641"
                        "paginaFinal" => "647"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; the GRAVITAS randomized trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.290"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1097"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1105"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of clopidogrel withdrawal on platelet reactivity and vascular inflammatory biomarkers 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation&#58; results of the prospective&#44; single-centre CESSATION study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300192"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1661"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1667"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dual antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease&#58; does aspirin increase clinical risk in the presence of potent P2Y12 receptor antagonists&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.205724"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1693"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1694"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prehospital triple antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction leads to better platelet aggregation inhibition and clinical outcome than dual antiplatelet therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.201889"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1815"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1820"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prasugrel for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes with percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; NICE technology appraisal guidance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.202853"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1407"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1408"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Advances in antiplatelet treatment for acute coronary syndromes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.185983"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "656"
                        "paginaFinal" => "661"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0706482"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "357"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2001"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2015"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0904327"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "361"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1045"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1057"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; results from the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction TRITON-TIMI 38"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900704"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "71"
                        "paginaFinal" => "79"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Nikolic E&#44; Janzon M&#44; Hauch O&#44; et al&#46; Cost-effectiveness of treating acute coronary syndrome patients with ticagrelor for 12 months&#58; results from the PLATO study&#46; Eur Heart J&#46; Published Online First&#58; 19 June 2012&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New anticoagulant agents in acute coronary syndromes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.184333"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "244"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb&#47;IIIa inhibitor versus bivalirudin monotherapy and paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction &#40;HORIZONS-AMI&#41;&#58; final 3-year results from a multicentre&#44; randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60764-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "377"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2193"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2204"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb&#47;IIIa inhibitor in the treatment of acute ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301323"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "544"
                        "paginaFinal" => "551"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unfractionated heparin administration in patients treated with bivalirudin during primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with lower mortality and target lesion thrombosis&#58;a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry &#40;SCAAR&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.224709"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1484"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1488"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimal antithrombotic treatment during primary percutaneous coronary intervention&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300367"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1459"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1460"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "344"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e553"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.030"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "374"
                        "paginaFinal" => "382"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Assessment of coronary artery remodelling by dual-source CT&#58; a head-to-head comparison with intravascular ultrasound"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223024"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "991"
                        "paginaFinal" => "997"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Quantification of non-calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaques with dual-source computed tomography&#58; comparison with intravascular ultrasound"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.184226"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "610"
                        "paginaFinal" => "615"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Angiographic&#44; IVUS and OCT evaluation of the long-term impact of coronary disease severity at the site of overlapping drug-eluting and bare metal stents&#58; a substudy of the ODESSA trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.188037"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1574"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1578"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "59"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optical coherence evaluation of everolimus-eluting stents 8 months after implantation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.204339"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1379"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1384"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "60"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1002358"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "364"
                        "paginaInicial" => "226"
                        "paginaFinal" => "235"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "61"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between plasma inflammatory markers and plaque fibrous cap thickness determined by intravascular optical coherence tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.175455"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "196"
                        "paginaFinal" => "201"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "62"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term clinical outcomes of overlapping heterogeneous drug-eluting stents compared with homogeneous drug-eluting stents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.226308"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1501"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1506"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "63"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Simple or complex stenting for bifurcation coronary lesions&#58; a patient-level pooled-analysis of the Nordic Bifurcation Study and the British Bifurcation Coronary Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.958512"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circ Cardiovasc Interv"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "64"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Final kissing ballooning and long-term clinical 91&#46; outcomes in coronary bifurcation lesions treated with 1-stent technique&#58; results from the COBIS registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300322"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "225"
                        "paginaFinal" => "231"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "65"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Implementation of a sensitive troponin I 92&#46; assay and risk of recurrent myocardial infarction and death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.338"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1210"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1216"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "66"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Being rational about &#40;im&#41;precision&#58; a statement from the Biochemistry Subcommittee of the Joint European Society of Cardiology&#47;American College of Cardiology Foundation&#47;American Heart Association&#47;94&#46; World Heart Federation Task Force for the definition of myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1373/clinchem.2010.143958"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "941"
                        "paginaFinal" => "943"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "67"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Implications of lowering threshold of plasma troponin concentration in diagnosis of myocardial infarction&#58; cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "344"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e1533"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "68"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Troponins&#58; redefining their limits"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart 96"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "447"
                        "paginaFinal" => "452"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "69"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of troponin release in patients with stable coronary artery disease&#58; insights from CT angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.193201"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "823"
                        "paginaFinal" => "831"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            69 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "70"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers &#40;RATPAC&#41; trial&#58; a randomised controlled trial of point-of-care cardiac markers in the emergency department"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "99"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            70 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "71"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Global registry of acute coronary events&#44; 1999 to 2009-GRACE"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.190827"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1095"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1101"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            71 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "72"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Quantitative troponin and death&#44; cardiogenic shock&#44; cardiac arrest and new heart failure in patients with non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndromes &#40;NSTE ACS&#41;&#58; insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.195511"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "197"
                        "paginaFinal" => "202"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            72 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "73"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A randomised trial of target-vessel versus multi-vessel revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction&#58; major adverse cardiac events during long-term follow-up"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.177162"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "662"
                        "paginaFinal" => "667"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            73 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "74"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Culprit vessel only versus multivessel 102&#46; and staged percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel disease in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction&#58; a pairwise and network meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.046"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "692"
                        "paginaFinal" => "703"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            74 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "75"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic impact of staged versus &#8220;one-time&#8221; multivessel percutaneous intervention in acute myocardial infarction&#58; analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI &#40;harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction&#41; trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.071"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "704"
                        "paginaFinal" => "711"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            75 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "76"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Circadian variations of infarct size in acute myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.212621"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "970"
                        "paginaFinal" => "976"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            76 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "77"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term prognostic value of myocardial salvage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute reperfused myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300098"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2038"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2045"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            77 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "78"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined 106&#46; by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.202028"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "453"
                        "paginaFinal" => "459"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            78 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "79"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Assessment of severe reperfusion injury with T2&#42; cardiac MRI in patients with acute myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.200634"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1885"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1891"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            79 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "80"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac conditioning&#58; a review of evolving strategies to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.179101"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1186"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            80 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "81"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of erythropoietin as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention&#58; a randomised controlled clinical trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223867"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1560"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1565"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            81 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "82"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bradykinin does not mediate remote ischaemic preconditioning or ischaemia-reperfusion injury in vivo in man"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300323"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1857"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1861"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            82 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "83"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Staccato reperfusion improves myocardial microcirculatory function and long-term left ventricular remodelling&#58; a randomised contrast echocardiography study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.201681"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1898"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1903"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            83 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "84"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of postconditioning on infarct size in 112&#46; patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.199430"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1710"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1715"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            84 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "85"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction without shock&#58; the 113&#46; CRISP AMI randomized trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2011.1280"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "306"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1329"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1337"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            85 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "86"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relative renal safety of iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media&#58; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JACC Cardiovasc Interv"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "645"
                        "paginaFinal" => "654"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            86 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0435"
              "etiqueta" => "87"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of contrast-induced acute kidney injury with transient or persistent renal dysfunction on long-term outcomes of patients with 115&#46; acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.218677"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1753"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1757"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            87 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0440"
              "etiqueta" => "88"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contrast-induced nephropathy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300517"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1723"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1725"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            88 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0445"
              "etiqueta" => "89"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is simpler also better&#63; Brief sodium bicarbonate infusion to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1042"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1043"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            89 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0450"
              "etiqueta" => "90"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Preoperative use and safety of coronary angiography for acute aortic valve infective endocarditis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.183772"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "696"
                        "paginaFinal" => "700"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            90 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0455"
              "etiqueta" => "91"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of rimonabant on carotid intima-media thickness &#40;CIMT&#41; progression in patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome&#58; the AUDITOR Trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223446"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1150"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            91 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0460"
              "etiqueta" => "92"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Peripheral arterial disease&#46; Current evidence for carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.169151"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "636"
                        "paginaFinal" => "642"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            92 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0465"
              "etiqueta" => "93"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0912321"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "363"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            93 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0470"
              "etiqueta" => "94"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Short term and intermediate term comparison of endarterectomy versus stenting for carotid artery stenosis&#58; systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "340"
                        "paginaInicial" => "c467"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            94 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0475"
              "etiqueta" => "95"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Carotid artery stenting&#58; the 2011 NICE guidelines"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301218"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "274"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            95 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0480"
              "etiqueta" => "96"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contemporary management of concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.203612"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            96 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0485"
              "etiqueta" => "97"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Combination of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque for better predicting risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2011.223032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1331"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            97 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0490"
              "etiqueta" => "98"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Two-year outcomes after transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1200384"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "366"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1686"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1695"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            98 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0495"
              "etiqueta" => "99"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation&#58; incidence and early outcome&#46; Results from the German transcatheter aortic valve interventions registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.217158"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "899"
                        "paginaFinal" => "906"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            99 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0500"
              "etiqueta" => "100"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence&#44; predictive factors&#44; and prognostic value of myocardial injury following uncomplicated transcatheter aortic valve implantation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.060"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1988"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1999"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            100 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0505"
              "etiqueta" => "101"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Health-related quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.040022"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1964"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1972"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            101 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0510"
              "etiqueta" => "102"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Short-term effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on neurohormonal activation&#44; quality of life and 6-minute walk test in severe and symptomatic aortic stenosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.180661"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1102"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1106"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            102 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0515"
              "etiqueta" => "103"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients ineligible for conventional aortic valve replacement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300444"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "370"
                        "paginaFinal" => "376"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            103 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0520"
              "etiqueta" => "104"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with standard care among inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis&#58; results from the placement of aortic transcatheter valves &#40;PARTNER&#41; trial &#40;Cohort B&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054072"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "125"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1102"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1109"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            104 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0525"
              "etiqueta" => "105"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adherence to patient selection criteria in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the 18F CoreValve ReValving System"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.172809"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "19"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            105 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0530"
              "etiqueta" => "106"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "TAVI as a threat to surgical practice&#58; &#8220;much ado about nothing&#8221; or &#8220;the quiet before the storm&#8221;&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.208983"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1609"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1610"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            106 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0535"
              "etiqueta" => "107"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "What is the impact of providing a transcatheter aortic valve implantation service on conventional aortic valve surgical activity&#58; patient risk factors and outcomes in the first 2 years"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2010.203661"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Heart"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1633"
                         …2
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            107 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0540"
              "etiqueta" => "108"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair for mitral regurgitation&#58; NICE guidance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2009.183269"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            108 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0545"
              "etiqueta" => "109"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Percutaneous mitral repair with the MitraClip system&#58; safety and midterm durability in the initial EVEREST &#40;Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study&#41; cohort"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.077"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            109 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0550"
              "etiqueta" => "110"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "EVEREST II randomized clinical trial&#58; predictors of mitral valve replacement in de novo surgery or after the MitraClip procedure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.047"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [ …7]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            110 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0555"
              "etiqueta" => "111"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute haemodynamic changes after percutaneous mitral valve repair&#58; relation to mid-term outcomes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300705"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            111 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0560"
              "etiqueta" => "112"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alcohol septal ablation for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy&#46; A multicenter North American registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            112 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0565"
              "etiqueta" => "113"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term survival in patients with resting obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison of conservative versus invasive treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.040"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            113 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0570"
              "etiqueta" => "114"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Late benefits of dual-chamber pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy&#58; a 10-year follow-up study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/hrt.2008.158915"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            114 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0575"
              "etiqueta" => "115"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term outcome of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy&#58; a Scandinavian multicenter study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [ …1]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.959718"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [ …6]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S087025511300053X/v1_201308021350/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "18085"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editors&#39; network"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08702551/0000003200000005/v1_201308021350/S087025511300053X/v1_201308021350/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S087025511300053X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]

Informação do artigo

ISSN: 08702551
Idioma original: Inglês

DOI:10.1016/j.repc.2013.01.003

Dados atualizados diariamente

Ano/Mês	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 Novembro	9	4	13
2024 Outubro	33	30	63
2024 Setembro	37	28	65
2024 Agosto	32	34	66
2024 Julho	36	26	62
2024 Junho	37	21	58
2024 Maio	28	13	41
2024 Abril	29	25	54
2024 Mar�o	35	15	50
2024 Fevereiro	30	30	60
2024 Janeiro	26	23	49
2023 Dezembro	29	30	59
2023 Novembro	38	31	69
2023 Outubro	23	19	42
2023 Setembro	27	20	47
2023 Agosto	19	21	40
2023 Julho	17	13	30
2023 Junho	20	18	38
2023 Maio	31	23	54
2023 Abril	25	7	32
2023 Mar�o	59	19	78
2023 Fevereiro	51	18	69
2023 Janeiro	10	9	19
2022 Dezembro	34	18	52
2022 Novembro	72	30	102
2022 Outubro	25	16	41
2022 Setembro	11	26	37
2022 Agosto	25	21	46
2022 Julho	24	30	54
2022 Junho	19	24	43
2022 Maio	23	26	49
2022 Abril	25	21	46
2022 Mar�o	22	30	52
2022 Fevereiro	12	15	27
2022 Janeiro	16	26	42
2021 Dezembro	17	22	39
2021 Novembro	18	43	61
2021 Outubro	30	40	70
2021 Setembro	23	32	55
2021 Agosto	40	37	77
2021 Julho	18	19	37
2021 Junho	18	18	36
2021 Maio	26	23	49
2021 Abril	34	25	59
2021 Mar�o	40	14	54
2021 Fevereiro	38	17	55
2021 Janeiro	29	17	46
2020 Dezembro	20	17	37
2020 Novembro	25	16	41
2020 Outubro	22	21	43
2020 Setembro	32	14	46
2020 Agosto	20	9	29
2020 Julho	24	12	36
2020 Junho	23	8	31
2020 Maio	46	5	51
2020 Abril	43	15	58
2020 Mar�o	59	9	68
2020 Fevereiro	52	14	66
2020 Janeiro	16	7	23
2019 Dezembro	32	10	42
2019 Novembro	37	10	47
2019 Outubro	37	5	42
2019 Setembro	27	13	40
2019 Agosto	18	8	26
2019 Julho	23	11	34
2019 Junho	21	11	32
2019 Maio	28	7	35
2019 Abril	18	13	31
2019 Mar�o	13	13	26
2019 Fevereiro	21	13	34
2019 Janeiro	15	6	21
2018 Dezembro	18	18	36
2018 Novembro	146	8	154
2018 Outubro	226	21	247
2018 Setembro	52	8	60
2018 Agosto	210	9	219
2018 Julho	31	10	41
2018 Junho	41	6	47
2018 Maio	41	15	56
2018 Abril	42	12	54
2018 Mar�o	31	7	38
2018 Fevereiro	24	3	27
2018 Janeiro	25	6	31
2017 Dezembro	27	12	39
2017 Novembro	43	9	52
2017 Outubro	26	11	37
2017 Setembro	36	15	51
2017 Agosto	48	8	56
2017 Julho	23	11	34
2017 Junho	34	9	43
2017 Maio	20	11	31
2017 Abril	16	16	32
2017 Mar�o	16	12	28
2017 Fevereiro	14	5	19
2017 Janeiro	18	6	24
2016 Dezembro	18	4	22
2016 Novembro	10	7	17
2016 Outubro	19	7	26
2016 Setembro	7	5	12
2016 Agosto	12	2	14
2016 Julho	6	4	10
2016 Junho	2	4	6
2016 Maio	1	0	1
2016 Abril	16	3	19
2016 Mar�o	27	6	33
2016 Fevereiro	44	11	55
2016 Janeiro	34	11	45
2015 Dezembro	38	7	45
2015 Novembro	28	4	32
2015 Outubro	29	12	41
2015 Setembro	56	9	65
2015 Agosto	51	5	56
2015 Julho	38	3	41
2015 Junho	26	2	28
2015 Maio	47	7	54
2015 Abril	33	6	39
2015 Mar�o	31	9	40
2015 Fevereiro	30	5	35
2015 Janeiro	23	7	30
2014 Dezembro	43	11	54
2014 Novembro	28	10	38
2014 Outubro	29	11	40
2014 Setembro	30	10	40
2014 Agosto	23	7	30
2014 Julho	37	10	47
2014 Junho	36	5	41
2014 Maio	51	9	60
2014 Abril	36	8	44
2014 Mar�o	51	13	64
2014 Fevereiro	30	25	55
2014 Janeiro	29	10	39
2013 Dezembro	40	21	61
2013 Novembro	53	15	68
2013 Outubro	31	15	46
2013 Setembro	46	27	73
2013 Agosto	65	22	87
2013 Julho	84	48	132
2013 Junho	74	54	128

Mostrar tudo

Indexada em:

Siga-nos:

Estatísticas

Indexada em:

Siga-nos:

Estatísticas

Receba a nossa Newsletter