Cardiac arrhythmias in patients presenting with COVID-19 treated in Portuguese hospitals: A national registry from the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

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Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de St.ª Cruz, Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Distrital de Santarém, E.P.E., Santarém, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de St.ª Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E., Portugal" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Portugal" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Arritmias cardíacas em doentes com COVID-19 tratados em hospitais portugueses. Um registo nacional da APAPE" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2258 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 507974 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Electronic questionnaire regarding hospitalized patients used in the survey." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionIn December 2019, an increasing number of cases of patients with pneumonia of unknown origin was detected in the Hubei province in China,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">1,2</a> and SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus capable of human infection and transmission, was found to be responsible. The virus led to a pandemic, with more than 53.1 million reported infections and 1.3 million deaths<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">3</a> to date. However, numbers may be in fact higher due to the virus being highly infectious and asymptomatic patients being capable of transmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">4–6</a> COVID-19 disease presents with a wide range of symptoms but predominantly as an acute respiratory disease and fever<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">7</a> leading to hospitalization in about 10-15% of patients and critical intensive care (ICU) in 3-14.2% of patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">7–11</a> With growing knowledge about the disease, other clinical symptoms are constantly being reported. Respiratory failure, cytokine storm, thromboembolic phenomena and acute fulminant myocarditis are the predominant known causes of death<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">12–14</a> with a 1.2-7.7% case-fatality rate worldwide to date. However, it may in fact be lower if the presumed asymptomatic undetected cases are accounted for, or higher, as in the elderly or in people with known associated diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">3,7,10,15,16</a> In the latter group, cardiovascular comorbidities account for a higher mortality risk (10.5%),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265">11,17,18</a> as well as diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as a frequent event in this population as the estimates account for 16.7% among hospitalized patients and 44% in ICU patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">19,20</a> In these patients, the effect of multiorgan damage and cardiac lesion on cardiac rhythm, as well as the effect of experimental therapies for treatment is yet unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications, in order to provide useful knowledge for the management of these patients.MethodsStudy populationThe Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE) conducted a survey between April 12 and May 10 of 2020 among affiliated Pacing and Electrophysiology laboratories in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their clinical characteristics. Confirmed COVID-19 patients, with at least one positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 and non-mild clinical progression that resulted in hospital admission were included, irrespective of the predominant symptoms. In the subgroup of patients with continuous cardiac monitoring, admitted to intensive or intermediate care units, the prevalence of arrhythmias, their type and outcome were assessed.Patient evaluation and survey conductedThe reporting hospitals that agreed to participate were included in the study and were asked to report the number of patients admitted with COVID-19, the use of experimental therapies for the disease and the mode of QT interval monitoring, and the need for cardiologic evaluation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>). In the event arrhythmic episodes were detected, the investigators at each hospital were invited to report additional information, as detailed as possible (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>). This included, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory evolution, arrhythmia type, new onset arrhythmia versus recurrent arrhythmia, therapy, any major adverse events during hospitalization, death, and its cause.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Statistical analysisAll analysis was performed using version 12 of STATA® (Statistics Data Analysis). Data are presented as median, lower and upper quartiles (Q1-Q3) for continuous variables and as absolute number and percentage for categorical variables.Ethics disclosureAt each center, data were collected retrospectively using a standardized data collection form (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figures 1 and 2</a>) sent to all the participating hospitals. Patient identification was registered in the participating centers but was not transferred to APAPE, so the compiled data remained anonymous.This study complies within the Declaration of Helsinki rules.ResultsStudy populationTwenty hospital centers nationwide participated in the survey. During the study period, there were reports of 692 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A subgroup of 393 (56.8%) patients was admitted to ICU or had continuous cardiac monitoring. In this subgroup of patients, 81 (20.6%) experienced an arrhythmic episode.Experimental therapyAmong all hospitalized patients, 443 (64%) were under experimental therapy for COVID-19 (ritonavir/lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin). The QT assessment in these patients was performed daily in ICU or if the QT interval (QTc) were above 450ms and every other 48-72h in the remaining patients. Cardiologic assessment was needed in 65 (9.4%) patients (reasons for evaluation not detailed).Patients with arrhythmiasIn the subgroup of patients with arrhythmias, detailed additional information was available in 64 patients, of whom 45 (70.3%) were male, median age was 73.5 (61-80.3) years. There were 51 (79.7%) patients with associated comorbidities, median of 3 (1-4) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, in 41 (64.1%) of patients, 23 (36%) patients had dyslipidemia, 22 (34.4%) patients were diabetic and 19 (29.7%) patients had previously diagnosed atrial fibrillation.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Among the monitored patients, 9 (14%) had left ventricular systolic dysfunction and one (1.6%) had right ventricular dysfunction. Acute cardiac injury occurred in 33 (51.6%) of the patients, non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction in four (6.3%) and myocarditis in one (1.6%). Median peak value of cardiac Troponin I was 73.5 (28.9-278.3) pg/L. There were seven (10.9%) patients with significant electrolyte disorder at the time of arrhythmia onset.There were 35 (54.7%) on mechanical invasive ventilation for respiratory failure and 33 (52%) had multiple organ failure. Only four (6.3%) patients developed cardiogenic shock, three in the setting of acute cardiac injury of unknown cause with new onset left ventricle systolic dysfunction and one after non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial biopsies and cardiac magnetic resonance were not performed.In this arrhythmia subgroup, 53 patients (82.3%) were under experimental therapy for COVID-19, of whom 49 (76.6%) received hydroxychloroquine, 35 (54.7%) received azithromycin and 16 (25%) received lopinavir/ritonavir. Additionally, 49 patients (76.6%) were concomitantly taking other drugs that could prolong QT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">21</a> (median two, one to three drugs) of whom 19 (29.7%) were also on antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone. Only seven patients (10.9%) had an increased QTc interval, minimum 480ms and maximum 596ms.An arrhythmic episode was a recurrence of a previously existing arrhythmia – atrial fibrillation (AF) – in 23 patients (35.9%) and new onset arrhythmia in 41 patients (64.1%). Regarding arrhythmic episodes, two patients (3.1%) had ventricular tachycardia, five (7.8%) patients sinus bradycardia, 17 (26.6%) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 (62.5%) AF or atrial flutter.Patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, as opposed to those with the other types of arrhythmias, presented with more severe disease, being more frequently placed on mechanical ventilation (33, 57.9%), with hemodynamic instability (two, 3.5%) and cardiogenic shock (four, 7.0%) and with multiple organ failure 32 (56.1%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), as reflected by higher absolute and relative frequencies. Both patients with ventricular tachycardia had QT prolongation but the clinical course was milder <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Concerning outcomes, 20 (31.3%) patients died and the main identified cause was respiratory failure in 12 (60%) and refractory septic shock in four (20%), with only one patient (5%) dying of a direct cardiac cause (cardiogenic shock). None of the patients had arrhythmic death nor was the arrhythmia episode found to contribute to their death.DiscussionAs SARS-CoV-2 is a newly detected coronavirus capable of infecting humans and causing COVID-19 disease, there is a lot of uncertainty regarding risk factors for disease outcome, as well as the best therapeutic strategies. Although acute pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, there are several reports of additional direct organ damage from COVID-19, including acute heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275">13,14,22</a> Whether naturally resulting from the disease or from the treatment, its true incidence is still unknown. Currently, remdesivir and dexamethasone appear to be the most promising therapeutic drugs for treating COVID-19 patients, as they demonstrated a reduction in disease duration and severity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325">23–27</a> At the time of data collection for this study, other experimental therapeutic targets for COVID-19 were in use and they have the additional potential of inducing arrhythmias, as is the case of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">4,22</a>In our registry, we aimed to assess the incidence of arrhythmic global events in COVID-19 patients as well as the potential harmful effects of experimental therapies on major cardiac adverse events. These results show that in a population of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Portuguese hospitals, with cardiac continuous monitoring and admitted to intermediate or intensive care, there was a preponderance of male patients and a prevalence of older age groups. Likewise, patients with associated comorbidities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">8,10,28–31</a> especially arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and AF are prone to severe disease.The majority of patients were on experimental therapy for COVID-19, although not yet proven to be efficacious.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320">22,32</a> This is particularly dangerous<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375">33–38</a> because a high percentage of these patients were also on other concomitant QT prolonging drugs. In our survey, more than 10% of patients displayed QT prolongation, although there was no evidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Torsade de Pointes or ventricular fibrillation. The incidence of prolonged QT was high,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405">39,40</a> when compared with the 6% reported incidence in the normal population but in line with QT prolongation in populations with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and ischemic cardiac disease, as is the case of our population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415">41</a> Additionally, this higher QT prolongation was probably due to the extremely high percentage of concomitant drugs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) and not related to electrolyte disturbances (which were low). This corroborates other studies that report the incidence of QT prolongation in patients taking these drugs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">21</a> Since chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine are drugs that are still in use in COVID-19 studies, there is an increased need for a standardized QT interval monitoring protocol. Overall, the global incidence of arrhythmic events was high (11.7%), characterized mostly by new onset arrhythmias. Most patients with arrhythmias were critically ill patients with respiratory and multiple organ failure. These patients pose a greater challenge in management and had a bad outcome. The most frequent arrhythmic events were paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and AF, which can be associated with severe pulmonary disease and multiorgan failure per se, rather than cardiac lesion due to SARS2-CoV-2 and were not responsible for death events. Although patients with ventricular arrythmias had an arrhythmic substrate (either a prolonged QT or severe left ventricle dysfunction) and the mortality rate was high, the cause of death was due to respiratory failure.Regarding the impact of COVID-19 on other cardiovascular outcomes, in our study population, acute myocarditis had a low incidence, contrary to the previously reported information,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">8,13,42</a> as well as myocardial infarction. On the other hand, acute cardiac lesion occurred in more than half of the patients with severe disease with a non-despicable incidence (14.1% of patients) of left ventricle systolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, this did not lead to a significant impact on mortality since the leading cause of death was respiratory failure and septic shock. Direct cardiac causes of death in our population were low (cardiogenic shock or arrhythmias).LimitationsOur study has limitations. First, although most hospitals reported for the survey, we do not have full coverage across the country and there may be biases associated with differences between centers that report or do not report data to the survey. Second, as in all large-scale surveys, some data were missing and additionally, the complete information was not mandatory due to the high workload health care providers face due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there was only information available on arrhythmias in the subgroup of monitored patients (56.8% of the population) and detailed information was limited to 79% of this subset.ConclusionsIn a population of COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals, the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high and occurred mostly in extremely ill patients, who were either ventilated or had multiple organ failure, but was not associated with increased cardiac mortality. Regardless of the widespread use of experimental drugs to target SARS2-CoV-2 with the potential for QT prolongation, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low. Atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias were the most prevalent arrythmias in COVID-19 patients.FundingNo funding was received for this study.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1559628" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1406938" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1559627" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introdução e objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusões" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1406937" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Patient evaluation and survey conducted" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Ethics disclosure" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Experimental therapy" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Patients with arrhythmias" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Limitations" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack549942" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-08-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-11-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1406938" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Arrythmias" 1 => "COVID-19" 2 => "Portuguese" 3 => "Experimental therapy" 4 => "QT prolongation" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1406937" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Arritmias" 1 => "COVID-19" 2 => "Portugueses" 3 => "Terapêutica experimental" 4 => "Prolongamento QT" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Introduction and objectivesIn December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, was discovered as the agent of COVID-19 disease. Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as frequent but their incidence is unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications. MethodsThe Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE) conducted a survey in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients, their clinical characteristics, the use of experimental therapies and the impact on QT interval. ResultsTwenty hospitals participated, reporting 692 hospitalized patients. An arrhythmic episode occurred in 81 (11.7%) and 64 (79%) had detailed information on these episodes. New onset arrhythmias occurred in 41 (64%) patients, 45 (70.3%) male, median age 73.5 (61-80.3) years. There were 51 (79.7%) with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension (41, 64.1%). Of 53 patients (82.3%) on experimental therapy, 7 (10.9%) had an increased QTc interval. Regarding arrhythmias, two patients (3.1%) had ventricular tachycardia, 5 (7.8%) sinus bradycardia, 17 (26.6%) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 (62.5%) atrial fibrillation or flutter. At the time of reporting, there had been no deaths due to arrhythmic syndrome or related complications. ConclusionsIn a population of COVID-19 patients. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high but not associated with increased cardiac mortality although it does though occur frequently in extremely ill patients and with multiple organ failure. Regardless of the use of experimental drugs, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low and atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias are the most prevalent arrythmias." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "Introdução e objetivosEm dezembro de 2019, o SARS-CoV-2 foi descoberto como agente da doença Covid-19. As arritmias cardíacas são reportadas como frequentes, mas a sua incidência é desconhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi entender a incidência de arritmias em doentes Covid-19 tratados em hospitais portugueses e entender as suas implicações prognósticas. MétodosA Associação Portuguesa de Arritmologia, Pacing e Electrofisiologia (APAPE) conduziu um inquérito em hospitais portugueses, documentando a ocorrência de arritmias em doentes com Covid-19, as suas caraterísticas clínicas, o uso de terapêutica experimental e o seu impacto no intervalo QT. ResultadosParticiparam 20 hospitais, reportando 692 doentes hospitalizados. Ocorreram episódios arrítmicos em 81 (11,7%), 64 (79%) com informação adicional. Documentaram-se arritmias de novo em 41 (64%) doentes, 45 (79%) do sexo masculino, idade mediana 73,5 (61-80,3) anos. Destes, 51 (79,7%) tinham comorbilidades associadas, maioritariamente hipertensão arterial (41, 64,1%). Dos 53 (82,3%) doentes sob terapêutica experimental, 7 (10,9%) tiveram aumento do intervalo QTc. Tiveram taquicardia ventricular 2 (3,1%) doentes, 5 (7,8%) bradicardia sinusal, 17 (26,6%) taquicardia paroxística supraventricular e 40 (7,8%) fibrilhação ou flutter auricular. Nenhum doente teve morte por causa arrítmica ou complicações associadas, à data do registo. ConclusõesNuma população de doentes com Covid-19, a incidência de arritmias é elevada, mas não associada a aumento de mortalidade cardíaca, apesar da ocorrência mais frequente em doentes graves e com falência multiorgânica. Independentemente do uso de terapêuticas experimentais, a incidência de arritmias ventriculares é baixa e a fibrilhação auricular e outras arritmias supraventriculares são as arritmias mais prevalentes." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introdução e objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusões" ] ] ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "José Araújo, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures E.P.E.; Adilia Rebelo and Miguel Alves Pereira, Hospital de Braga E.P.E.; Bruno Bragança, Alice Castro and Maria Campelo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa E.P.E.; Daniel Caeiro, João Primo, Tiago Teixeira and Paula Castelões, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho E.P.E.; Alberto Leite, Hospital Cuf Porto; Mário Oliveira, Hospital Cuf Porto and Hospital de S. José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, E.P.E.; Pedro Ponce, Hospital Cuf Infante Santo; Nuno Germano, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E.P.E.; António Fontes, Alexandra Almeida Carreiro and Humberto Costa, Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada; Ana Rita Rocha, Francisco Dias Cláudio, Francisco Azevedo, Chantre Lima and Regina Henriques, Hospital Espírito Santo Évora; Pedro Azevedo, Rui Pereira and Daniel Nuñez, Hospital de Faro, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve; Luis Brandão, Hospital Garcia de Orta E.P.E.; Alexandra Horta and António Messias, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa; David Roque, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E.; Joana Brito, João de Sousa and João Ribeiro, Hospital de St.ª Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E.; Virgilio Scheider, Hospital Santo Espirito de Angra do Heroísmo; Rita Marinheiro, Maria Lima and Rosa Ribeiro, Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E.; Pedro Póvoa and Pais Martins, Hospital de S. Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E.; Luis Bento, Hospital de S. José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E.P.E.; Carlos Mateus, Carmélia Rodrigues and José Caldeiro, Unidade Local de Saude Alto Minho E.P.E.; Joana Cunha and Francisco Esteves, Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E." "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Registry collaborators" "identificador" => "sec0085" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2258 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 507974 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Electronic questionnaire regarding hospitalized patients used in the survey." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2569 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 417998 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Electronic questionnaire for patients with arrhythmic episodes used in the survey." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical and Laboratory characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (70.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.5 (61-80.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous arrhythmias \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (35.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 (79.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (64.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (34.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Coronary artery disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (14%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cerebrovascular disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (16%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Heart failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (36%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Atrial fibrillation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (29.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Chronic kidney disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (21.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Other comorbidities<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (46.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Experimental therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (82.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lopinavir/ritonavir \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hydroxychloroquine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (76.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Azithromycin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (54.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">QT prolonging drugs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (76.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lopinavir/ritonavir \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hydroxychloroquine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (76.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Azithromycin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (54.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amiodarone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (29.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Metoclopramide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Quetiapine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (18.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Olanzapine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (4.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Haloperidol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (9.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Other drugs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (28.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">QT prolongation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe ionic disturbances \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Increased troponin I (pg/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left ventricle systolic dysfunction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (14.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right ventricle systolic dysfunction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acute cardiac lesion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (51.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acute coronary syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acute myocarditis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hemodynamic instability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (3.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cardiogenic shock \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mechanical ventilation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (54.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Multiple organ failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (52%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2672794.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "Neoplasm, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Obesity, Dementia, Hepatitis B, Peripheral artery disease." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with arrhythmias." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Legend: ACS: acute coronary syndrome; SVT: supraventricular tachycardia; VT: ventricular tachycardia." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SVT (n=57) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VT (n=2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sinus bradycardia (n=5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left ventricle systolic dysfunction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (12.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hemodynamic instability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (3.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acute cardiac lesion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (52.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ACS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (7.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Myocarditis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Troponin I (pg/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 (35.1-309.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.1 (9-11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">114.9 (65.9-156.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mechanical ventilation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (57.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cardiogenic shock \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (7.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Multiple organ failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 (56.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe ionic disturbances \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (10.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prolonged QT interval \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (7.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2672793.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, according to type of arrhythmias." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:42 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. 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Original Article

Cardiac arrhythmias in patients presenting with COVID-19 treated in Portuguese hospitals: A national registry from the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology

Arritmias cardíacas em doentes com COVID-19 tratados em hospitais portugueses. Um registo nacional da APAPE

Dinis Mesquitaa,

Corresponding author

dinis.mesquita@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Pedro Carmob,c, Nuno Cabanelasd, Nuno Santose, Vítor Martinsf, Victor Sanfinsg, Helena Cristina Costah, José Paulo Fontesi, Paulo Fonsecaj, Leonor Parreiraa,c, on behalf of the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE)

a Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal

b Hospital de St.ª Cruz, Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal

c Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal

d Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal

e Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal

f Hospital Distrital de Santarém, E.P.E., Santarém, Portugal

g Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal

h Hospital de St.ª Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal

i Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E., Portugal

j Hospital de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Portugal

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of patients and critical intensive care &#40;ICU&#41; in 3-14&#46;2&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;11</span></a> With growing knowledge about the disease&#44; other clinical symptoms are constantly being reported&#46; Respiratory failure&#44; cytokine storm&#44; thromboembolic phenomena and acute fulminant myocarditis are the predominant known causes of death<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> with a 1&#46;2-7&#46;7&#37; case-fatality rate worldwide to date&#46; However&#44; it may in fact be lower if the presumed asymptomatic undetected cases are accounted for&#44; or higher&#44; as in the elderly or in people with known associated diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7&#44;10&#44;15&#44;16</span></a> In the latter group&#44; cardiovascular comorbidities account for a higher mortality risk &#40;10&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> as well as diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#46; Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as a frequent event in this population as the estimates account for 16&#46;7&#37; among hospitalized patients and 44&#37; in ICU patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> In these patients&#44; the effect of multiorgan damage and cardiac lesion on cardiac rhythm&#44; as well as the effect of experimental therapies for treatment is yet unknown&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Objectives</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications&#44; in order to provide useful knowledge for the management of these patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Study population</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology&#44; Pacing and Electrophysiology &#40;APAPE&#41; conducted a survey between April 12 and May 10 of 2020 among affiliated Pacing and Electrophysiology laboratories in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their clinical characteristics&#46; Confirmed COVID-19 patients&#44; with at least one positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 and non-mild clinical progression that resulted in hospital admission were included&#44; irrespective of the predominant symptoms&#46; In the subgroup of patients with continuous cardiac monitoring&#44; admitted to intensive or intermediate care units&#44; the prevalence of arrhythmias&#44; their type and outcome were assessed&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Patient evaluation and survey conducted</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reporting hospitals that agreed to participate were included in the study and were asked to report the number of patients admitted with COVID-19&#44; the use of experimental therapies for the disease and the mode of QT interval monitoring&#44; and the need for cardiologic evaluation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; In the event arrhythmic episodes were detected&#44; the investigators at each hospital were invited to report additional information&#44; as detailed as possible &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; This included&#44; comorbidities&#44; clinical and laboratory evolution&#44; arrhythmia type&#44; new onset arrhythmia versus recurrent arrhythmia&#44; therapy&#44; any major adverse events during hospitalization&#44; death&#44; and its cause&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All analysis was performed using version 12 of STATA&#174; &#40;Statistics Data Analysis&#41;&#46; Data are presented as median&#44; lower and upper quartiles &#40;Q1-Q3&#41; for continuous variables and as absolute number and percentage for categorical variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Ethics disclosure</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At each center&#44; data were collected retrospectively using a standardized data collection form &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figures 1 and 2</a>&#41; sent to all the participating hospitals&#46; Patient identification was registered in the participating centers but was not transferred to APAPE&#44; so the compiled data remained anonymous&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study complies within the Declaration of Helsinki rules&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Study population</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty hospital centers nationwide participated in the survey&#46; During the study period&#44; there were reports of 692 hospitalized patients with COVID-19&#46; A subgroup of 393 &#40;56&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients was admitted to ICU or had continuous cardiac monitoring&#46; In this subgroup of patients&#44; 81 &#40;20&#46;6&#37;&#41; experienced an arrhythmic episode&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Experimental therapy</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among all hospitalized patients&#44; 443 &#40;64&#37;&#41; were under experimental therapy for COVID-19 &#40;ritonavir&#47;lopinavir&#44; hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin&#41;&#46; The QT assessment in these patients was performed daily in ICU or if the QT interval &#40;QTc&#41; were above 450ms and every other 48-72h in the remaining patients&#46; Cardiologic assessment was needed in 65 &#40;9&#46;4&#37;&#41; patients &#40;reasons for evaluation not detailed&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Patients with arrhythmias</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the subgroup of patients with arrhythmias&#44; detailed additional information was available in 64 patients&#44; of whom 45 &#40;70&#46;3&#37;&#41; were male&#44; median age was 73&#46;5 &#40;61-80&#46;3&#41; years&#46; There were 51 &#40;79&#46;7&#37;&#41; patients with associated comorbidities&#44; median of 3 &#40;1-4&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity&#44; in 41 &#40;64&#46;1&#37;&#41; of patients&#44; 23 &#40;36&#37;&#41; patients had dyslipidemia&#44; 22 &#40;34&#46;4&#37;&#41; patients were diabetic and 19 &#40;29&#46;7&#37;&#41; patients had previously diagnosed atrial fibrillation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the monitored patients&#44; 9 &#40;14&#37;&#41; had left ventricular systolic dysfunction and one &#40;1&#46;6&#37;&#41; had right ventricular dysfunction&#46; Acute cardiac injury occurred in 33 &#40;51&#46;6&#37;&#41; of the patients&#44; non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction in four &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41; and myocarditis in one &#40;1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Median peak value of cardiac Troponin I was 73&#46;5 &#40;28&#46;9-278&#46;3&#41; pg&#47;L&#46; There were seven &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41; patients with significant electrolyte disorder at the time of arrhythmia onset&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 35 &#40;54&#46;7&#37;&#41; on mechanical invasive ventilation for respiratory failure and 33 &#40;52&#37;&#41; had multiple organ failure&#46; Only four &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41; patients developed cardiogenic shock&#44; three in the setting of acute cardiac injury of unknown cause with new onset left ventricle systolic dysfunction and one after non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction&#46; Myocardial biopsies and cardiac magnetic resonance were not performed&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this arrhythmia subgroup&#44; 53 patients &#40;82&#46;3&#37;&#41; were under experimental therapy for COVID-19&#44; of whom 49 &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41; received hydroxychloroquine&#44; 35 &#40;54&#46;7&#37;&#41; received azithromycin and 16 &#40;25&#37;&#41; received lopinavir&#47;ritonavir&#46; Additionally&#44; 49 patients &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41; were concomitantly taking other drugs that could prolong QT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> &#40;median two&#44; one to three drugs&#41; of whom 19 &#40;29&#46;7&#37;&#41; were also on antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone&#46; Only seven patients &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41; had an increased QTc interval&#44; minimum 480ms and maximum 596ms&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An arrhythmic episode was a recurrence of a previously existing arrhythmia &#8211; atrial fibrillation &#40;AF&#41; &#8211; in 23 patients &#40;35&#46;9&#37;&#41; and new onset arrhythmia in 41 patients &#40;64&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Regarding arrhythmic episodes&#44; two patients &#40;3&#46;1&#37;&#41; had ventricular tachycardia&#44; five &#40;7&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients sinus bradycardia&#44; 17 &#40;26&#46;6&#37;&#41; paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; AF or atrial flutter&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with supraventricular arrhythmias&#44; as opposed to those with the other types of arrhythmias&#44; presented with more severe disease&#44; being more frequently placed on mechanical ventilation &#40;33&#44; 57&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; with hemodynamic instability &#40;two&#44; 3&#46;5&#37;&#41; and cardiogenic shock &#40;four&#44; 7&#46;0&#37;&#41; and with multiple organ failure 32 &#40;56&#46;1&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; as reflected by higher absolute and relative frequencies&#46; Both patients with ventricular tachycardia had QT prolongation but the clinical course was milder <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concerning outcomes&#44; 20 &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41; patients died and the main identified cause was respiratory failure in 12 &#40;60&#37;&#41; and refractory septic shock in four &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#44; with only one patient &#40;5&#37;&#41; dying of a direct cardiac cause &#40;cardiogenic shock&#41;&#46; None of the patients had arrhythmic death nor was the arrhythmia episode found to contribute to their death&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As SARS-CoV-2 is a newly detected coronavirus capable of infecting humans and causing COVID-19 disease&#44; there is a lot of uncertainty regarding risk factors for disease outcome&#44; as well as the best therapeutic strategies&#46; Although acute pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease&#44; there are several reports of additional direct organ damage from COVID-19&#44; including acute heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14&#44;22</span></a> Whether naturally resulting from the disease or from the treatment&#44; its true incidence is still unknown&#46; Currently&#44; remdesivir and dexamethasone appear to be the most promising therapeutic drugs for treating COVID-19 patients&#44; as they demonstrated a reduction in disease duration and severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;27</span></a> At the time of data collection for this study&#44; other experimental therapeutic targets for COVID-19 were in use and they have the additional potential of inducing arrhythmias&#44; as is the case of chloroquine&#47;hydroxychloroquine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;22</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our registry&#44; we aimed to assess the incidence of arrhythmic global events in COVID-19 patients as well as the potential harmful effects of experimental therapies on major cardiac adverse events&#46; These results show that in a population of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Portuguese hospitals&#44; with cardiac continuous monitoring and admitted to intermediate or intensive care&#44; there was a preponderance of male patients and a prevalence of older age groups&#46; Likewise&#44; patients with associated comorbidities&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#44;28&#8211;31</span></a> especially arterial hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; type 2 diabetes and AF are prone to severe disease&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority of patients were on experimental therapy for COVID-19&#44; although not yet proven to be efficacious&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;32</span></a> This is particularly dangerous<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#8211;38</span></a> because a high percentage of these patients were also on other concomitant QT prolonging drugs&#46; In our survey&#44; more than 10&#37; of patients displayed QT prolongation&#44; although there was no evidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia&#44; Torsade de Pointes or ventricular fibrillation&#46; The incidence of prolonged QT was high&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a> when compared with the 6&#37; reported incidence in the normal population but in line with QT prolongation in populations with comorbidities such as diabetes&#44; hypertension and ischemic cardiac disease&#44; as is the case of our population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Additionally&#44; this higher QT prolongation was probably due to the extremely high percentage of concomitant drugs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41; and not related to electrolyte disturbances &#40;which were low&#41;&#46; This corroborates other studies that report the incidence of QT prolongation in patients taking these drugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Since chloroquine&#47;hydroxychloroquine are drugs that are still in use in COVID-19 studies&#44; there is an increased need for a standardized QT interval monitoring protocol&#46; Overall&#44; the global incidence of arrhythmic events was high &#40;11&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; characterized mostly by new onset arrhythmias&#46; Most patients with arrhythmias were critically ill patients with respiratory and multiple organ failure&#46; These patients pose a greater challenge in management and had a bad outcome&#46; The most frequent arrhythmic events were paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and AF&#44; which can be associated with severe pulmonary disease and multiorgan failure per se&#44; rather than cardiac lesion due to SARS2-CoV-2 and were not responsible for death events&#46; Although patients with ventricular arrythmias had an arrhythmic substrate &#40;either a prolonged QT or severe left ventricle dysfunction&#41; and the mortality rate was high&#44; the cause of death was due to respiratory failure&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the impact of COVID-19 on other cardiovascular outcomes&#44; in our study population&#44; acute myocarditis had a low incidence&#44; contrary to the previously reported information&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;13&#44;42</span></a> as well as myocardial infarction&#46; On the other hand&#44; acute cardiac lesion occurred in more than half of the patients with severe disease with a non-despicable incidence &#40;14&#46;1&#37; of patients&#41; of left ventricle systolic dysfunction&#46; Nevertheless&#44; this did not lead to a significant impact on mortality since the leading cause of death was respiratory failure and septic shock&#46; Direct cardiac causes of death in our population were low &#40;cardiogenic shock or arrhythmias&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Limitations</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has limitations&#46; First&#44; although most hospitals reported for the survey&#44; we do not have full coverage across the country and there may be biases associated with differences between centers that report or do not report data to the survey&#46; Second&#44; as in all large-scale surveys&#44; some data were missing and additionally&#44; the complete information was not mandatory due to the high workload health care providers face due to the COVID-19 pandemic&#46; Therefore&#44; there was only information available on arrhythmias in the subgroup of monitored patients &#40;56&#46;8&#37; of the population&#41; and detailed information was limited to 79&#37; of this subset&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusions</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a population of COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals&#44; the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high and occurred mostly in extremely ill patients&#44; who were either ventilated or had multiple organ failure&#44; but was not associated with increased cardiac mortality&#46; Regardless of the widespread use of experimental drugs to target SARS2-CoV-2 with the potential for QT prolongation&#44; the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low&#46; Atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias were the most prevalent arrythmias in COVID-19 patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Funding</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding was received for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In December 2019&#44; SARS-CoV-2&#44; was discovered as the agent of COVID-19 disease&#46; Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as frequent but their incidence is unknown&#46; The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology&#44; Pacing and Electrophysiology &#40;APAPE&#41; conducted a survey in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients&#44; their clinical characteristics&#44; the use of experimental therapies and the impact on QT interval&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty hospitals participated&#44; reporting 692 hospitalized patients&#46; An arrhythmic episode occurred in 81 &#40;11&#46;7&#37;&#41; and 64 &#40;79&#37;&#41; had detailed information on these episodes&#46; New onset arrhythmias occurred in 41 &#40;64&#37;&#41; patients&#44; 45 &#40;70&#46;3&#37;&#41; male&#44; median age 73&#46;5 &#40;61-80&#46;3&#41; years&#46; There were 51 &#40;79&#46;7&#37;&#41; with associated comorbidities&#44; mainly arterial hypertension &#40;41&#44; 64&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Of 53 patients &#40;82&#46;3&#37;&#41; on experimental therapy&#44; 7 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41; had an increased QTc interval&#46; Regarding arrhythmias&#44; two patients &#40;3&#46;1&#37;&#41; had ventricular tachycardia&#44; 5 &#40;7&#46;8&#37;&#41; sinus bradycardia&#44; 17 &#40;26&#46;6&#37;&#41; paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; atrial fibrillation or flutter&#46; At the time of reporting&#44; there had been no deaths due to arrhythmic syndrome or related complications&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In a population of COVID-19 patients&#46; The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high but not associated with increased cardiac mortality although it does though occur frequently in extremely ill patients and with multiple organ failure&#46; Regardless of the use of experimental drugs&#44; the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low and atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias are the most prevalent arrythmias&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Em dezembro de 2019&#44; o SARS-CoV-2 foi descoberto como agente da doen&#231;a Covid-19&#46; As arritmias card&#237;acas s&#227;o reportadas como frequentes&#44; mas a sua incid&#234;ncia &#233; desconhecida&#46; O objetivo deste trabalho foi entender a incid&#234;ncia de arritmias em doentes Covid-19 tratados em hospitais portugueses e entender as suas implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A Associa&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa de Arritmologia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pacing</span> e Electrofisiologia &#40;APAPE&#41; conduziu um inqu&#233;rito em hospitais portugueses&#44; documentando a ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias em doentes com Covid-19&#44; as suas carater&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; o uso de terap&#234;utica experimental e o seu impacto no intervalo QT&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Participaram 20 hospitais&#44; reportando 692 doentes hospitalizados&#46; Ocorreram epis&#243;dios arr&#237;tmicos em 81 &#40;11&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; 64 &#40;79&#37;&#41; com informa&#231;&#227;o adicional&#46; Documentaram-se arritmias de novo em 41 &#40;64&#37;&#41; doentes&#44; 45 &#40;79&#37;&#41; do sexo masculino&#44; idade mediana 73&#44;5 &#40;61-80&#44;3&#41; anos&#46; Destes&#44; 51 &#40;79&#44;7&#37;&#41; tinham comorbilidades associadas&#44; maioritariamente hipertens&#227;o arterial &#40;41&#44; 64&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Dos 53 &#40;82&#44;3&#37;&#41; doentes sob terap&#234;utica experimental&#44; 7 &#40;10&#44;9&#37;&#41; tiveram aumento do intervalo QTc&#46; Tiveram taquicardia ventricular 2 &#40;3&#44;1&#37;&#41; doentes&#44; 5 &#40;7&#44;8&#37;&#41; bradicardia sinusal&#44; 17 &#40;26&#44;6&#37;&#41; taquicardia parox&#237;stica supraventricular e 40 &#40;7&#44;8&#37;&#41; fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">flutter</span> auricular&#46; Nenhum doente teve morte por causa arr&#237;tmica ou complica&#231;&#245;es associadas&#44; &#224; data do registo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Numa popula&#231;&#227;o de doentes com Covid-19&#44; a incid&#234;ncia de arritmias &#233; elevada&#44; mas n&#227;o associada a aumento de mortalidade card&#237;aca&#44; apesar da ocorr&#234;ncia mais frequente em doentes graves e com fal&#234;ncia multiorg&#226;nica&#46; Independentemente do uso de terap&#234;uticas experimentais&#44; a incid&#234;ncia de arritmias ventriculares &#233; baixa e a fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular e outras arritmias supraventriculares s&#227;o as arritmias mais prevalentes&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o e objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Ara&#250;jo&#44; Hospital Beatriz &#194;ngelo&#44; Loures E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Adilia Rebelo and Miguel Alves Pereira&#44; Hospital de Braga E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Bruno Bragan&#231;a&#44; Alice Castro and Maria Campelo&#44; Centro Hospitalar T&#226;mega e Sousa E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Daniel Caeiro&#44; Jo&#227;o Primo&#44; Tiago Teixeira and Paula Castel&#245;es&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia&#47;Espinho E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Alberto Leite&#44; Hospital Cuf Porto&#59; M&#225;rio Oliveira&#44; Hospital Cuf Porto and Hospital de S&#46; Jos&#233;&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central&#44; E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Pedro Ponce&#44; Hospital Cuf Infante Santo&#59; Nuno Germano&#44; Hospital de Curry Cabral&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Ant&#243;nio Fontes&#44; Alexandra Almeida Carreiro and Humberto Costa&#44; Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada&#59; Ana Rita Rocha&#44; Francisco Dias Cl&#225;udio&#44; Francisco Azevedo&#44; Chantre Lima and Regina Henriques&#44; Hospital Esp&#237;rito Santo &#201;vora&#59; Pedro Azevedo&#44; Rui Pereira and Daniel Nu&#241;ez&#44; Hospital de Faro&#44; Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Algarve&#59; Luis Brand&#227;o&#44; Hospital Garcia de Orta E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Alexandra Horta and Ant&#243;nio Messias&#44; Hospital da Luz&#44; Lisboa&#59; David Roque&#44; Hospital Prof&#46; Doutor Fernando Fonseca E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Joana Brito&#44; Jo&#227;o de Sousa and Jo&#227;o Ribeiro&#44; Hospital de St&#46;&#170; Maria&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Virgilio Scheider&#44; Hospital Santo Espirito de Angra do Hero&#237;smo&#59; Rita Marinheiro&#44; Maria Lima and Rosa Ribeiro&#44; Hospital de S&#46; Bernardo&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Set&#250;bal E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Pedro P&#243;voa and Pais Martins&#44; Hospital de S&#46; Francisco Xavier&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Luis Bento&#44; Hospital de S&#46; Jos&#233;&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Carlos Mateus&#44; Carm&#233;lia Rodrigues and Jos&#233; Caldeiro&#44; Unidade Local de Saude Alto Minho E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;&#59; Joana Cunha and Francisco Esteves&#44; Hospital de Vila Real&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s os Montes e Alto Douro&#44; E&#46;P&#46;E&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Registry collaborators"
            "identificador" => "sec0085"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2258
            "Ancho" => 1508
            "Tamanyo" => 507974
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Electronic questionnaire regarding hospitalized patients used in the survey&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2569
            "Ancho" => 1508
            "Tamanyo" => 417998
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Electronic questionnaire for patients with arrhythmic episodes used in the survey&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical and Laboratory characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&#61;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;70&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;5 &#40;61-80&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Previous arrhythmias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;35&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;79&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;64&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;34&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coronary artery disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;14&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cerebrovascular disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dyslipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;36&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;29&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;21&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other comorbidities<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;46&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Experimental therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;82&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lopinavir&#47;ritonavir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hydroxychloroquine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Azithromycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;54&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">QT prolonging drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lopinavir&#47;ritonavir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hydroxychloroquine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Azithromycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;54&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amiodarone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;29&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Metoclopramide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quetiapine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Olanzapine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Haloperidol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;9&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;28&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">QT prolongation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Severe ionic disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Increased troponin I &#40;pg&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left ventricle systolic dysfunction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;14&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Right ventricle systolic dysfunction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acute cardiac lesion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;51&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acute coronary syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acute myocarditis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hemodynamic instability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;3&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiogenic shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mechanical ventilation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;54&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple organ failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;52&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Legend&#58; ACS&#58; acute coronary syndrome&#59; SVT&#58; supraventricular tachycardia&#59; VT&#58; ventricular tachycardia&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SVT &#40;n&#61;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VT &#40;n&#61;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sinus bradycardia &#40;n&#61;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left ventricle systolic dysfunction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;12&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;50&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hemodynamic instability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;3&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acute cardiac lesion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;52&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;7&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Myocarditis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Troponin I &#40;pg&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;35&#46;1-309&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;1 &#40;9-11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">114&#46;9 &#40;65&#46;9-156&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mechanical ventilation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;57&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;50&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiogenic shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;7&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Multiple organ failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;56&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;10&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prolonged QT interval&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;7&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients&#44; according to type of arrhythmias&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan&#44; China&#58; a descriptive study"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "N&#46; Zhu"
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                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa2001017"
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                        "fecha" => "2020"
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                      "titulo" => "A COVID-19 epidemic model with latency period"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Liu"
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                  ]
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                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Dis Model"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"
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                      "titulo" => "Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy&#44; Italy&#46; Early experience and forecast during an emergency response"
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                          "autores" => array:3 [
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Article information

ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2020.11.025

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2024 October	243	39	282
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2024 July	98	38	136
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