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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve&#46; &#40;A and B&#41; Transesophageal echocardiographic view&#59; &#40;C&#41; photograph of the lesion in situ in the operating room&#59; &#40;D&#41; tumor 1&#46;0 mm&#215;0&#46;8 mm&#215;0&#46;5 mm with characteristic flower-like appearance&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma &#40;PFE&#41; is a rare primary benign tumor of cardiac origin&#44; accounting for approximately 10&#37; of all cardiac tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> They can occur anywhere on the endocardium&#44; but are more common in the left heart and display a predilection for valve structures&#44; the aortic valve being most commonly affected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although most patients are asymptomatic&#44; serious complications may occur such as acute valve dysfunction or embolization&#44; giving rise to a wide variety of presenting features including neurologic events&#44; acute coronary syndrome and distal embolic events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thanks to improved echocardiographic resolution and modern imaging modalities&#44; these tumors are increasingly often recognized&#46; It is therefore possible that the real incidence of PFE is underestimated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Clinicians must be able to decide how to manage patients with incidental echocardiographic findings as well as those with symptoms that may be attributed to these masses&#46; Few systematic reviews or comprehensive studies have provided results that validate either a medical or a surgical approach&#44; although in an recent single-center retrospective study&#44; Tamin et al&#46; concluded that patients with echocardiographically suspected PFE who do not undergo surgical removal have higher rates of cerebrovascular accident and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Given that there have been no randomized clinical trials aimed at defining the optimal treatment strategy&#44; we decided to review our institution&#39;s surgical experience with PFE over an 18-year period&#46; We present our findings and discuss demographic&#44; clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and current treatment approaches along with results of our follow-up assessments&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with cardiac PFE who underwent surgical excision at our institution between January 1997 and December 2015&#46; Patients were identified from the cardiovascular surgery and pathology databases&#46; Cardiac PFE was the primary indication for surgery&#44; and therefore patients undergoing heart surgery for other reasons in which the tumor was a additional finding were excluded from our study&#46; Clinical histories&#44; echocardiographic reports&#44; operative notes and histopathologic findings were reviewed&#46; Demographic characteristics including age and gender&#44; clinical data including presenting symptoms&#44; concurrent cardiac disease&#44; comorbidities&#44; tumor location and left ventricular ejection fraction&#44; operative procedures&#44; and follow-up findings were collected&#46; Since all patients with PFE diagnosed pathologically from surgical specimens had at least one transthoracic echocardiography &#40;TTE&#41; and&#47;or transesophageal echocardiography &#40;TEE&#41; leading to the diagnosis&#44; the echocardiographic characteristics of the tumor including location&#44; number&#44; attachment characteristics&#44; movement&#44; size and valvular involvement were also collected&#46; A presumed diagnosis of cardiac PFE by echocardiography was based on its appearance&#44; which is usually of a small&#44; mobile&#44; pedunculated or sessile valvular or endocardial mass that frequently flutters or prolapses into the cardiac chambers during systole or diastole&#46; They may appear speckled with echolucencies and a stippled pattern near the edges&#44; which correlates with the papillary projections on the surface of the mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neurologic events were attributed to the PFE in patients with no concurrent atrial fibrillation and no significant carotid or cardiac disease&#46; Follow-up data were collected from telephone interviews of patients&#46; The endpoints were clinical embolic events&#44; need for further cardiac surgery due to tumor recurrence&#44; or death at follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation for continuous variables&#46; Selected variables were compared between groups by the Student&#39;s t test for unpaired data when a normal distribution was demonstrated&#59; otherwise&#44; the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used&#46; Categorical variables are summarized as count and percentages and compared between groups using the Pearson chi-square or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; as appropriate&#46; Statistical significance was set at p&#60;0&#46;05&#46; Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; version 21 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 26 patients&#44; 18 male &#40;69&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; mean age 54&#46;3&#177;18&#46;4 years &#40;range 24-88 years&#41;&#44; underwent surgical excision of one or more cardiac PFE between 1997 &#40;first record of PFE in our database&#41; and 2015 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Over the years&#44; increasingly frequent identification of PFE was observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#44; with the largest number of cases diagnosed in 2012 &#40;n&#61;6&#41;&#46; None of the patients had undergone previous cardiac surgery and the most common cardiac comorbidities were hypertension&#44; hyperlipidemia and diabetes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All tumors from the 26 patients included in this report were confirmed histopathologically as PFE following complete excision&#46; In 26 patients&#44; there were 28 lesions&#59; 24 patients had solitary tumors located on valves &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Tumor size varied from 3 mm to 22 mm &#40;mean 9&#46;9&#177;3&#46;7&#41;&#44; 26&#46;9&#37; had a pedicle and 42&#46;37&#37; were mobile&#46; The valve surface was the predominant location&#44; comprising 92&#46;3&#37; of the total&#44; with 53&#46;8&#37; on the mitral valve&#44; followed by the aortic valve in 34&#46;6&#37;&#44; left ventricular wall in 3&#46;8&#37; and right atrium in 3&#46;8&#37;&#46; In one case &#40;3&#46;8&#37;&#41; the aortic valve and left ventricle were simultaneously involved&#46; The majority of tumors arose in the left heart &#40;96&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Clinically&#44; PFE presented with neurologic deficits in eight cases &#40;in which echocardiography was performed to exclude a cardiac embolic source&#41;&#44; 65&#46;4&#37; were asymptomatic and were identified by routine echocardiography&#44; and in one patient it presented as shortness of breath not directly related to the presence of a cardiac mass&#46; The tumor was thus an incidental finding in most patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stroke was the clinical presentation in 30&#46;8&#37; of cases&#59; these patients were younger&#44; aged 42&#177;17 years &#40;p&#61;0&#46;026&#41;&#46; Patients with neurologic events had lesions ranging in size from less than 5 mm to 11 mm in diameter&#44; and a pedicle was present in three patients&#46; No other differences were found between these and asymptomatic patients&#46; All these tumors were on the left side of the heart&#44; with 75&#37; on the mitral valve and 25&#37; on the aortic valve&#46; In these cases stroke was considered secondary to tumor embolism&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of 24 patients with isolated valvular PFE&#44; none had valve dysfunction or other associated cardiac disease&#44; and all had preserved left ventricular systolic function&#46; Standard open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in all patients and successful complete surgical resection of PFE was achieved in all cases&#46; In 21 of the 24 patients simple &#40;shave&#41; excision of the tumor was performed&#44; while excision with valve repair was needed in three cases&#44; but no valve replacement&#46; Valve-sparing surgery was thus performed all cases&#46; No other cardiac procedure was performed concomitantly and there were no major postoperative complications&#46; The median postoperative follow-up was 61&#46;4 &#40;range 7-223&#41; months&#46; In self-reported telephone interviews no deaths&#44; tumor recurrence or embolic events were documented&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grossly&#44; PFEs appeared as a single &#40;multiple in only two cases&#41; small mass &#40;the largest was 22 mm in size&#44; found in the oldest patient&#41;&#44; with delicate&#44; smooth&#44; white papillary fronds&#44; giving a sea anemone-like appearance when placed in water or saline or a flower-like appearance in situ &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; Microscopically&#44; the papillary fronds were narrow&#44; slender and branching&#46; These fronds&#44; often prominent&#44; surround a layer of myxoid matrix rich in acid mucopolysaccharide and an inner avascular&#44; paucicellular connective core&#46; The peripheral rim and the core contained coarse and fragmented elastic fibers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the low incidence of these tumors and the lack of longitudinal follow-up studies&#44; their natural history remains poorly understood&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically&#44; PFE was first described as a &#8220;valvular tumor&#8221; in 1931 by Yater&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and the term &#8220;papillary fibroelastoma&#8221; was introduced in 1975 by Cheitlin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In the past&#44; most knowledge of cardiac tumors was based on postmortem studies&#44; but nowadays&#44; with modern echocardiography&#44; such tumors are increasingly diagnosed in vivo&#46; In recent years&#44; several articles have been published providing more information on PFE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopically&#44; PFE are characterized by multiple frond-like fibrous projections creating a sea anemone-like appearance when immersed in saline&#46; Histologically&#44; the tumor consists of an avascular fibroelastic core&#44; made up of a hyalinized collagen matrix with a rim of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers&#44; lined by endocardial endothelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Although its etiology remains largely unknown&#44; several hypotheses have been reported&#44; including fibroblast infiltration with organization of mural thrombi&#44; virally induced tumor growth and an endocardial response to mechanical trauma or radiation damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;18</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFEs most often arise from the valvular endocardium&#46; Gowda et al&#46; found PFEs on valvular surfaces in 84&#37; of cases&#44; although they can also appear on the papillary muscles&#44; chordae tendineae&#44; ventricular septum or endocardial surface&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although the tumor can be found anywhere within the heart&#44; in our series it was found primarily on cardiac valves&#44; mitral more often than aortic&#44; unlike other studies in which the aortic valve is the most frequent valve location&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;12&#44;13</span></a> Most tumors were solitary&#44; less than 10 mm in diameter&#44; and found in older patients&#46; Multiple lesions are uncommon&#59; they may appear in the same location or in different sites &#40;one patient in our series had two tumors on the aortic valve&#44; and the other had one on the aortic valve and one on the left ventricle&#41;&#46; A case report documented up to 40 PFE in both ventricles in one patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In our review&#44; echocardiographic features that suggest PFE with a high degree of suspicion are small size &#40;usually &#60;1&#46;5 cm&#41;&#44; attachment by a pedicle or stalk to the endocardium&#44; and some degree of mobility&#46; These characteristics are in agreement with published descriptions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFE can be incidental discoveries on echocardiograms&#44; computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging&#46; When symptomatic&#44; they can present in a variety of ways&#44; most commonly with cardiovascular symptoms&#46; Most of our patients &#40;65&#46;4&#37;&#41; were asymptomatic&#59; symptomatic cases &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41; were most often due to a thromboembolic cerebrovascular accident&#46; Other documented embolic complications include retinal artery occlusion&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; ischemic extremity&#44; and mesenteric ischemia&#46; Others report symptoms resulting from partial or complete obstruction of valves&#44; ventricular outflow tract&#44; or blood vessels&#44; leading to pulmonary edema&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; heart failure&#44; syncope&#44; or sudden death&#46; PFE has also been associated with conduction abnormalities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The management of PFE is the subject of debate but mainly depends on its clinical presentation&#46; Surgical excision is recommended in symptomatic patients&#44; regardless of tumor size&#46; Excision is also recommended in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for other reasons&#46; There is still no consensus on the management of asymptomatic patients&#46; Mariscalco et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> proposed a management algorithm&#44; selecting characteristics of the lesion other than location as the determinant for intervention&#46; They suggest that mobile lesions&#44; regardless of size&#44; should be surgically excised given the higher risk of thromboembolic complications&#46; Nonmobile lesions less than 1 cm in diameter can be managed expectantly or with anticoagulation&#46; Although thrombi have been reported on the surface of fibroelastomas&#44; there are no guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy in affected patients&#46; Gowda et al&#46; identified 25 patients with presumed PFE who did not undergo surgery and were managed with anticoagulation alone&#44; and who had a poor outcome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although asymptomatic PFE can be managed with close echocardiographic follow-up&#44; we believe that surgical excision is more often prudent given the severity of potential embolization&#44; particularly with left-sided PFE&#46; In addition&#44; recurrence of PFE is very low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the rarity of this cardiac tumor means there are limited data available&#44; the present study&#44; to our knowledge&#44; includes the largest series of patients with PFE in Portugal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study limitations</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is retrospective and relies on the database of a single institution to identify patients&#46; Because it is a small series the association with clinical events is based on indirect evidence&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFE are uncommon tumors of the endocardium&#44; primarily valvular&#46; They are generally small and single but may be multiple and occur on any endocardial surface&#46; Although mostly asymptomatic they can be associated with embolic events&#44; and may cause other cardiovascular symptoms&#46; Their characteristic echocardiographic appearance means they can readily be recognized&#46; Successful surgical resection of valve tumors can be performed and the native valve can frequently be preserved&#46; Management remains difficult because of the rarity of the tumor&#46; Clinical decisions should be individualized and further studies with longer follow-up are needed&#46; Although the optimal surgical approach remains the subject of debate&#44; in light of our center&#39;s experience&#44; surgical removal of the tumor by standard median sternotomy is a safe procedure and has excellent medium- and long-term results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Funding sources</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were no funding sources for this project&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-20"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-18"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Cardiac tumor"
            1 => "Fibroelastoma"
            2 => "Cardiovascular event"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma &#40;PFE&#41; is a rare primary benign tumor of cardiac origin that predominantly affects the cardiac valves&#46; Although most patients are asymptomatic&#44; serious complications may result given their propensity for embolization&#46; Advances in imaging technology have enabled earlier detection and more accurate characterization of these tumors&#46; We report a case series&#44; describing clinical presentation&#44; treatment and outcome&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Institutional records of a tertiary center between 1997 and 2015 were reviewed for all patients diagnosed with PFE treated surgically and confirmed histologically&#46; Demographic and clinical characteristics&#44; echocardiography findings and treatment modalities were analyzed and recurrence at follow-up was studied&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 26 patients &#40;69&#37; male&#41;&#44; aged 54&#177;18 years&#44; had a PFE&#46; Clinically&#44; PFE presented with neurologic deficits in eight cases and was asymptomatic in 65&#46;4&#37;&#46; The mitral valve surface was the predominant tumor location &#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the aortic valve &#40;34&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Tumor size ranged between 3 mm and 22 mm&#44; 26&#46;9&#37; had a pedicle and 42&#46;4&#37; were mobile&#46; All patients were treated successfully by complete resection&#44; isolated in 88&#46;5&#37; and with valve repair in three cases&#46; No other cardiac procedure was performed concomitantly and there were no major postoperative complications&#46; Median follow-up was 61&#177;49 months and no tumor recurrence or embolic events were documented&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fibroelastomas are generally small&#44; single and detected by chance during routine imaging exams&#46; Complete surgical resection of the tumor has an excellent prognosis and appears to be a good strategy&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Introduction"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os fibroelastomas papilares &#40;FP&#41; s&#227;o tumores benignos prim&#225;rios de origem card&#237;aca&#44; que afetam predominantemente as v&#225;lvulas&#46; Embora a maioria dos doentes seja assintom&#225;tica&#44; podem ocorrer complica&#231;&#245;es graves por causa de sua propens&#227;o para embolizar&#46; A melhoria das t&#233;cnicas de imagem moderna permitiu a dete&#231;&#227;o precoce e melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desses tumores&#46; &#201; nosso objetivo apresentar a casu&#237;stica do Servi&#231;o&#44; descrever a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; o tratamento e os resultados cir&#250;rgicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram revistos os dados institucionais entre 1997 e 2015&#44; de todos os doentes com o diagn&#243;stico de FP tratados cirurgicamente&#44; com confirma&#231;&#227;o histol&#243;gica&#46; Foram analisadas as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; ecocardiogr&#225;ficas e cir&#250;rgicas&#46; A recorr&#234;ncia durante o seguimento foi tamb&#233;m objeto do estudo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 26 doentes &#40;69&#37; homens&#41;&#44; de 54&#177;18 anos&#44; com FP&#46; O FP apresentou-se com deficit neurol&#243;gico em oito doentes&#44; nos restantes casos o diagn&#243;stico foi casual&#46; A superf&#237;cie valvular mitral foi a localiza&#231;&#227;o mais frequente &#40;53&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica &#40;34&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A dimens&#227;o do tumor variou de 3 a 22 mm&#44; 26&#44;9&#37; eram pediculados e a mobilidade estava presente em 42&#44;4&#37; dos casos&#46; Todos os doentes foram tratados com resse&#231;&#227;o completa&#44; isolada em 88&#44;5&#37; e com repara&#231;&#227;o valvular em tr&#234;s casos&#46; Nenhum outro procedimento card&#237;aco foi feito concomitantemente e n&#227;o se registaram complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio&#46; O per&#237;odo mediano de seguimento foi de 61&#177;49 meses&#44; n&#227;o foi documentada recorr&#234;ncia do tumor nem de eventos emb&#243;licos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os fibroelastomas s&#227;o geralmente pequenos&#44; isolados e mais frequentemente detetados incidentalmente em exames de rotina&#46; A recess&#227;o cir&#250;rgica completa do tumor tem um excelente progn&#243;stico e parece ser uma boa estrat&#233;gia&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve&#46; &#40;A and B&#41; Transesophageal echocardiographic view&#59; &#40;C&#41; photograph of the lesion in situ in the operating room&#59; &#40;D&#41; tumor 1&#46;0 mm&#215;0&#46;8 mm&#215;0&#46;5 mm with characteristic flower-like appearance&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;3&#177;18&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-40&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81-90&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caucasian&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous cardiac surgery&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiac comorbidities</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hyperlipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart failure&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart rhythm</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sinus rhythm&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;96&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atrial fibrillation&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical presentation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurologic deficits&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asymptomatic&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; TTE&#58; transthoracic echocardiography&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study population&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for TTE</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Routine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exclude cardiac source of embolism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location of lesion</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aortic valve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mitral valve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right atrium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Left ventricle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aortic valve and ventricular myocardium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of lesions&#47;patient</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;92&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;5 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5-10 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11-15 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;15 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pedicle</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mobility</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;57&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LVEF &#62;55&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:21 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Benign cardiac tumors&#58; a review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;A&#46; Bruckner"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Reardon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20834207"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0115"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma&#58; a comprehensive analysis of 725 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Gowda"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Khan"
                            2 => "C&#46;K&#46; Nair"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00249-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "404"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947356"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aortic valve papillary fibroelastoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Alawi"
                            1 => "E&#46;B&#46; Kassabian"
                            2 => "R&#46; Ashoush"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "67"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790581"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Embolization of multiple papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve as cause of a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                            2 => "C&#46; Hendrikson"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/ejechocard/jer119"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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Original Article
Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: Report of a surgical series
Fibroelastoma papilar cardíaco: relato de uma série cirúrgica
Joana Duarte Rodriguesa,
Corresponding author
joaninhacatarina@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, João Ferreirab, Jorge Almeidab, Manuel Campeloa, Maria Júlia Maciela, Paulo Pinhob
a Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
b Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve&#46; &#40;A and B&#41; Transesophageal echocardiographic view&#59; &#40;C&#41; photograph of the lesion in situ in the operating room&#59; &#40;D&#41; tumor 1&#46;0 mm&#215;0&#46;8 mm&#215;0&#46;5 mm with characteristic flower-like appearance&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma &#40;PFE&#41; is a rare primary benign tumor of cardiac origin&#44; accounting for approximately 10&#37; of all cardiac tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> They can occur anywhere on the endocardium&#44; but are more common in the left heart and display a predilection for valve structures&#44; the aortic valve being most commonly affected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although most patients are asymptomatic&#44; serious complications may occur such as acute valve dysfunction or embolization&#44; giving rise to a wide variety of presenting features including neurologic events&#44; acute coronary syndrome and distal embolic events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thanks to improved echocardiographic resolution and modern imaging modalities&#44; these tumors are increasingly often recognized&#46; It is therefore possible that the real incidence of PFE is underestimated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Clinicians must be able to decide how to manage patients with incidental echocardiographic findings as well as those with symptoms that may be attributed to these masses&#46; Few systematic reviews or comprehensive studies have provided results that validate either a medical or a surgical approach&#44; although in an recent single-center retrospective study&#44; Tamin et al&#46; concluded that patients with echocardiographically suspected PFE who do not undergo surgical removal have higher rates of cerebrovascular accident and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Given that there have been no randomized clinical trials aimed at defining the optimal treatment strategy&#44; we decided to review our institution&#39;s surgical experience with PFE over an 18-year period&#46; We present our findings and discuss demographic&#44; clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and current treatment approaches along with results of our follow-up assessments&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with cardiac PFE who underwent surgical excision at our institution between January 1997 and December 2015&#46; Patients were identified from the cardiovascular surgery and pathology databases&#46; Cardiac PFE was the primary indication for surgery&#44; and therefore patients undergoing heart surgery for other reasons in which the tumor was a additional finding were excluded from our study&#46; Clinical histories&#44; echocardiographic reports&#44; operative notes and histopathologic findings were reviewed&#46; Demographic characteristics including age and gender&#44; clinical data including presenting symptoms&#44; concurrent cardiac disease&#44; comorbidities&#44; tumor location and left ventricular ejection fraction&#44; operative procedures&#44; and follow-up findings were collected&#46; Since all patients with PFE diagnosed pathologically from surgical specimens had at least one transthoracic echocardiography &#40;TTE&#41; and&#47;or transesophageal echocardiography &#40;TEE&#41; leading to the diagnosis&#44; the echocardiographic characteristics of the tumor including location&#44; number&#44; attachment characteristics&#44; movement&#44; size and valvular involvement were also collected&#46; A presumed diagnosis of cardiac PFE by echocardiography was based on its appearance&#44; which is usually of a small&#44; mobile&#44; pedunculated or sessile valvular or endocardial mass that frequently flutters or prolapses into the cardiac chambers during systole or diastole&#46; They may appear speckled with echolucencies and a stippled pattern near the edges&#44; which correlates with the papillary projections on the surface of the mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neurologic events were attributed to the PFE in patients with no concurrent atrial fibrillation and no significant carotid or cardiac disease&#46; Follow-up data were collected from telephone interviews of patients&#46; The endpoints were clinical embolic events&#44; need for further cardiac surgery due to tumor recurrence&#44; or death at follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation for continuous variables&#46; Selected variables were compared between groups by the Student&#39;s t test for unpaired data when a normal distribution was demonstrated&#59; otherwise&#44; the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used&#46; Categorical variables are summarized as count and percentages and compared between groups using the Pearson chi-square or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; as appropriate&#46; Statistical significance was set at p&#60;0&#46;05&#46; Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; version 21 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 26 patients&#44; 18 male &#40;69&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; mean age 54&#46;3&#177;18&#46;4 years &#40;range 24-88 years&#41;&#44; underwent surgical excision of one or more cardiac PFE between 1997 &#40;first record of PFE in our database&#41; and 2015 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Over the years&#44; increasingly frequent identification of PFE was observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#44; with the largest number of cases diagnosed in 2012 &#40;n&#61;6&#41;&#46; None of the patients had undergone previous cardiac surgery and the most common cardiac comorbidities were hypertension&#44; hyperlipidemia and diabetes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All tumors from the 26 patients included in this report were confirmed histopathologically as PFE following complete excision&#46; In 26 patients&#44; there were 28 lesions&#59; 24 patients had solitary tumors located on valves &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Tumor size varied from 3 mm to 22 mm &#40;mean 9&#46;9&#177;3&#46;7&#41;&#44; 26&#46;9&#37; had a pedicle and 42&#46;37&#37; were mobile&#46; The valve surface was the predominant location&#44; comprising 92&#46;3&#37; of the total&#44; with 53&#46;8&#37; on the mitral valve&#44; followed by the aortic valve in 34&#46;6&#37;&#44; left ventricular wall in 3&#46;8&#37; and right atrium in 3&#46;8&#37;&#46; In one case &#40;3&#46;8&#37;&#41; the aortic valve and left ventricle were simultaneously involved&#46; The majority of tumors arose in the left heart &#40;96&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Clinically&#44; PFE presented with neurologic deficits in eight cases &#40;in which echocardiography was performed to exclude a cardiac embolic source&#41;&#44; 65&#46;4&#37; were asymptomatic and were identified by routine echocardiography&#44; and in one patient it presented as shortness of breath not directly related to the presence of a cardiac mass&#46; The tumor was thus an incidental finding in most patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stroke was the clinical presentation in 30&#46;8&#37; of cases&#59; these patients were younger&#44; aged 42&#177;17 years &#40;p&#61;0&#46;026&#41;&#46; Patients with neurologic events had lesions ranging in size from less than 5 mm to 11 mm in diameter&#44; and a pedicle was present in three patients&#46; No other differences were found between these and asymptomatic patients&#46; All these tumors were on the left side of the heart&#44; with 75&#37; on the mitral valve and 25&#37; on the aortic valve&#46; In these cases stroke was considered secondary to tumor embolism&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of 24 patients with isolated valvular PFE&#44; none had valve dysfunction or other associated cardiac disease&#44; and all had preserved left ventricular systolic function&#46; Standard open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in all patients and successful complete surgical resection of PFE was achieved in all cases&#46; In 21 of the 24 patients simple &#40;shave&#41; excision of the tumor was performed&#44; while excision with valve repair was needed in three cases&#44; but no valve replacement&#46; Valve-sparing surgery was thus performed all cases&#46; No other cardiac procedure was performed concomitantly and there were no major postoperative complications&#46; The median postoperative follow-up was 61&#46;4 &#40;range 7-223&#41; months&#46; In self-reported telephone interviews no deaths&#44; tumor recurrence or embolic events were documented&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grossly&#44; PFEs appeared as a single &#40;multiple in only two cases&#41; small mass &#40;the largest was 22 mm in size&#44; found in the oldest patient&#41;&#44; with delicate&#44; smooth&#44; white papillary fronds&#44; giving a sea anemone-like appearance when placed in water or saline or a flower-like appearance in situ &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#46; Microscopically&#44; the papillary fronds were narrow&#44; slender and branching&#46; These fronds&#44; often prominent&#44; surround a layer of myxoid matrix rich in acid mucopolysaccharide and an inner avascular&#44; paucicellular connective core&#46; The peripheral rim and the core contained coarse and fragmented elastic fibers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the low incidence of these tumors and the lack of longitudinal follow-up studies&#44; their natural history remains poorly understood&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically&#44; PFE was first described as a &#8220;valvular tumor&#8221; in 1931 by Yater&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and the term &#8220;papillary fibroelastoma&#8221; was introduced in 1975 by Cheitlin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In the past&#44; most knowledge of cardiac tumors was based on postmortem studies&#44; but nowadays&#44; with modern echocardiography&#44; such tumors are increasingly diagnosed in vivo&#46; In recent years&#44; several articles have been published providing more information on PFE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopically&#44; PFE are characterized by multiple frond-like fibrous projections creating a sea anemone-like appearance when immersed in saline&#46; Histologically&#44; the tumor consists of an avascular fibroelastic core&#44; made up of a hyalinized collagen matrix with a rim of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers&#44; lined by endocardial endothelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Although its etiology remains largely unknown&#44; several hypotheses have been reported&#44; including fibroblast infiltration with organization of mural thrombi&#44; virally induced tumor growth and an endocardial response to mechanical trauma or radiation damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;18</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFEs most often arise from the valvular endocardium&#46; Gowda et al&#46; found PFEs on valvular surfaces in 84&#37; of cases&#44; although they can also appear on the papillary muscles&#44; chordae tendineae&#44; ventricular septum or endocardial surface&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although the tumor can be found anywhere within the heart&#44; in our series it was found primarily on cardiac valves&#44; mitral more often than aortic&#44; unlike other studies in which the aortic valve is the most frequent valve location&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;12&#44;13</span></a> Most tumors were solitary&#44; less than 10 mm in diameter&#44; and found in older patients&#46; Multiple lesions are uncommon&#59; they may appear in the same location or in different sites &#40;one patient in our series had two tumors on the aortic valve&#44; and the other had one on the aortic valve and one on the left ventricle&#41;&#46; A case report documented up to 40 PFE in both ventricles in one patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In our review&#44; echocardiographic features that suggest PFE with a high degree of suspicion are small size &#40;usually &#60;1&#46;5 cm&#41;&#44; attachment by a pedicle or stalk to the endocardium&#44; and some degree of mobility&#46; These characteristics are in agreement with published descriptions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFE can be incidental discoveries on echocardiograms&#44; computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging&#46; When symptomatic&#44; they can present in a variety of ways&#44; most commonly with cardiovascular symptoms&#46; Most of our patients &#40;65&#46;4&#37;&#41; were asymptomatic&#59; symptomatic cases &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41; were most often due to a thromboembolic cerebrovascular accident&#46; Other documented embolic complications include retinal artery occlusion&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; ischemic extremity&#44; and mesenteric ischemia&#46; Others report symptoms resulting from partial or complete obstruction of valves&#44; ventricular outflow tract&#44; or blood vessels&#44; leading to pulmonary edema&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; heart failure&#44; syncope&#44; or sudden death&#46; PFE has also been associated with conduction abnormalities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The management of PFE is the subject of debate but mainly depends on its clinical presentation&#46; Surgical excision is recommended in symptomatic patients&#44; regardless of tumor size&#46; Excision is also recommended in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for other reasons&#46; There is still no consensus on the management of asymptomatic patients&#46; Mariscalco et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> proposed a management algorithm&#44; selecting characteristics of the lesion other than location as the determinant for intervention&#46; They suggest that mobile lesions&#44; regardless of size&#44; should be surgically excised given the higher risk of thromboembolic complications&#46; Nonmobile lesions less than 1 cm in diameter can be managed expectantly or with anticoagulation&#46; Although thrombi have been reported on the surface of fibroelastomas&#44; there are no guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy in affected patients&#46; Gowda et al&#46; identified 25 patients with presumed PFE who did not undergo surgery and were managed with anticoagulation alone&#44; and who had a poor outcome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although asymptomatic PFE can be managed with close echocardiographic follow-up&#44; we believe that surgical excision is more often prudent given the severity of potential embolization&#44; particularly with left-sided PFE&#46; In addition&#44; recurrence of PFE is very low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the rarity of this cardiac tumor means there are limited data available&#44; the present study&#44; to our knowledge&#44; includes the largest series of patients with PFE in Portugal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study limitations</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is retrospective and relies on the database of a single institution to identify patients&#46; Because it is a small series the association with clinical events is based on indirect evidence&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFE are uncommon tumors of the endocardium&#44; primarily valvular&#46; They are generally small and single but may be multiple and occur on any endocardial surface&#46; Although mostly asymptomatic they can be associated with embolic events&#44; and may cause other cardiovascular symptoms&#46; Their characteristic echocardiographic appearance means they can readily be recognized&#46; Successful surgical resection of valve tumors can be performed and the native valve can frequently be preserved&#46; Management remains difficult because of the rarity of the tumor&#46; Clinical decisions should be individualized and further studies with longer follow-up are needed&#46; Although the optimal surgical approach remains the subject of debate&#44; in light of our center&#39;s experience&#44; surgical removal of the tumor by standard median sternotomy is a safe procedure and has excellent medium- and long-term results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Funding sources</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were no funding sources for this project&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-20"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-18"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Cardiac tumor"
            1 => "Fibroelastoma"
            2 => "Cardiovascular event"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma &#40;PFE&#41; is a rare primary benign tumor of cardiac origin that predominantly affects the cardiac valves&#46; Although most patients are asymptomatic&#44; serious complications may result given their propensity for embolization&#46; Advances in imaging technology have enabled earlier detection and more accurate characterization of these tumors&#46; We report a case series&#44; describing clinical presentation&#44; treatment and outcome&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Institutional records of a tertiary center between 1997 and 2015 were reviewed for all patients diagnosed with PFE treated surgically and confirmed histologically&#46; Demographic and clinical characteristics&#44; echocardiography findings and treatment modalities were analyzed and recurrence at follow-up was studied&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 26 patients &#40;69&#37; male&#41;&#44; aged 54&#177;18 years&#44; had a PFE&#46; Clinically&#44; PFE presented with neurologic deficits in eight cases and was asymptomatic in 65&#46;4&#37;&#46; The mitral valve surface was the predominant tumor location &#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the aortic valve &#40;34&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Tumor size ranged between 3 mm and 22 mm&#44; 26&#46;9&#37; had a pedicle and 42&#46;4&#37; were mobile&#46; All patients were treated successfully by complete resection&#44; isolated in 88&#46;5&#37; and with valve repair in three cases&#46; No other cardiac procedure was performed concomitantly and there were no major postoperative complications&#46; Median follow-up was 61&#177;49 months and no tumor recurrence or embolic events were documented&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fibroelastomas are generally small&#44; single and detected by chance during routine imaging exams&#46; Complete surgical resection of the tumor has an excellent prognosis and appears to be a good strategy&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os fibroelastomas papilares &#40;FP&#41; s&#227;o tumores benignos prim&#225;rios de origem card&#237;aca&#44; que afetam predominantemente as v&#225;lvulas&#46; Embora a maioria dos doentes seja assintom&#225;tica&#44; podem ocorrer complica&#231;&#245;es graves por causa de sua propens&#227;o para embolizar&#46; A melhoria das t&#233;cnicas de imagem moderna permitiu a dete&#231;&#227;o precoce e melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desses tumores&#46; &#201; nosso objetivo apresentar a casu&#237;stica do Servi&#231;o&#44; descrever a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; o tratamento e os resultados cir&#250;rgicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram revistos os dados institucionais entre 1997 e 2015&#44; de todos os doentes com o diagn&#243;stico de FP tratados cirurgicamente&#44; com confirma&#231;&#227;o histol&#243;gica&#46; Foram analisadas as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; ecocardiogr&#225;ficas e cir&#250;rgicas&#46; A recorr&#234;ncia durante o seguimento foi tamb&#233;m objeto do estudo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 26 doentes &#40;69&#37; homens&#41;&#44; de 54&#177;18 anos&#44; com FP&#46; O FP apresentou-se com deficit neurol&#243;gico em oito doentes&#44; nos restantes casos o diagn&#243;stico foi casual&#46; A superf&#237;cie valvular mitral foi a localiza&#231;&#227;o mais frequente &#40;53&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica &#40;34&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A dimens&#227;o do tumor variou de 3 a 22 mm&#44; 26&#44;9&#37; eram pediculados e a mobilidade estava presente em 42&#44;4&#37; dos casos&#46; Todos os doentes foram tratados com resse&#231;&#227;o completa&#44; isolada em 88&#44;5&#37; e com repara&#231;&#227;o valvular em tr&#234;s casos&#46; Nenhum outro procedimento card&#237;aco foi feito concomitantemente e n&#227;o se registaram complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio&#46; O per&#237;odo mediano de seguimento foi de 61&#177;49 meses&#44; n&#227;o foi documentada recorr&#234;ncia do tumor nem de eventos emb&#243;licos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os fibroelastomas s&#227;o geralmente pequenos&#44; isolados e mais frequentemente detetados incidentalmente em exames de rotina&#46; A recess&#227;o cir&#250;rgica completa do tumor tem um excelente progn&#243;stico e parece ser uma boa estrat&#233;gia&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve&#46; &#40;A and B&#41; Transesophageal echocardiographic view&#59; &#40;C&#41; photograph of the lesion in situ in the operating room&#59; &#40;D&#41; tumor 1&#46;0 mm&#215;0&#46;8 mm&#215;0&#46;5 mm with characteristic flower-like appearance&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microscopic appearance of papillary fibroelastoma&#46; &#40;A&#41; Panoramic view of the lesion showing avascular branching fronds lined by endothelial cells &#40;hematoxylin&#47;eosin stain&#44; original magnification &#215;16&#41;&#59; &#40;B&#41; the fronds consist of a fibrous core surrounded by loose connective tissue and an endothelial lining &#40;hematoxylin&#47;eosin stain&#44; original magnification &#215;100&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years&#44; mean &#177; SD</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;3&#177;18&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-40&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41-60&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61-80&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;38&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81-90&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caucasian&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous cardiac surgery&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiac comorbidities</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hyperlipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart failure&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart rhythm</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sinus rhythm&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;96&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atrial fibrillation&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical presentation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurologic deficits&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asymptomatic&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study population&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for TTE</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Routine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exclude cardiac source of embolism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;30&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location of lesion</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aortic valve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mitral valve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right atrium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Left ventricle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aortic valve and ventricular myocardium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of lesions&#47;patient</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;92&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;15 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pedicle</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mobility</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;57&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LVEF &#62;55&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      "titulo" => "References"
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          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Benign cardiac tumors&#58; a review"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;A&#46; Bruckner"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Reardon"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma&#58; a comprehensive analysis of 725 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Gowda"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Khan"
                            2 => "C&#46;K&#46; Nair"
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00249-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Heart J"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947356"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                      "titulo" => "Aortic valve papillary fibroelastoma"
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                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Alawi"
                            1 => "E&#46;B&#46; Kassabian"
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Surg"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "67"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790581"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Embolization of multiple papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve as cause of a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Echocardiogr"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "12"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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