The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

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array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Maria Isabel" "apellidos" => "Mendonça" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidade de Investigação, Hospital Doutor Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratório de Genética Humana, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 2499 "Tamanyo" => 187630 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Genotype determination of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene using the 7300 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionHypertension is a major public health problem, affecting around 25% of the adult population worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">1</a> It is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and progression to renal failure, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">2,3</a> In the Portuguese adult population, its overall prevalence is around 42% (44.4% in men and 40.2% in women).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">4</a>In recent decades, many studies have been conducted to determine how genetics contributes to the development of hypertension. Around 20-40% of blood pressure variation is genetically determined,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265">5,6</a> but the molecular genetics of HT is still unclear.G proteins and their receptors play a crucial role in cell survival. These proteins are part of a superfamily of proteins that, when inactive, are bound to cell membrane receptors, and when activated migrate through the cytosol regulating multiple effectors including enzymes, ion channels, hormones, neurotransmitters and autocrine and paracrine factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">7</a> They are thus signal transducers that enable intracellular events to be triggered by external stimuli.Transduction of external stimuli via intracellular signals is clearly of considerable importance for perpetuating viable characteristics on an evolutionary scale. Given their wide-ranging roles, deficiency or altered expression of these important proteins can lead to more or less widespread metabolic disturbances.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">8</a>Heterotrimeric G proteins consist of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, coded by separate genes. The alpha subunit of each G protein is the most important: it is the subunit that interacts with the receptor, binding to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and regulating effector systems.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">9</a> The beta and gamma subunits are non-covalently bound into the beta-gamma complex, which when bound to the alpha subunit forms the inactive state of the protein.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">10</a> In addition to anchoring the alpha subunit, the beta-gamma dimer influences certain cell processes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295">11,12</a> and can modulate the activity of certain effectors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">13</a> Due to their crucial role in the functioning of many cell types, genetic abnormalities in G protein subunits may be involved in the etiology of a wide range of clinical conditions.The gene that codes for the G protein beta 3 subunit is located on chromosome 12p13. The C825T single-nucleotide polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein (rs5443) is located in exon 10 of the GNB3 gene, where cytosine (C) is replaced by thymidine (T) at nucleotide 825. The T allele of the C825T polymorphism results in a splicing variation in exon 9 in which nucleotides 498-620 are deleted,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">14,15</a> leading to the absence of amino acids 167 to 197 in the truncated protein (known as GNB3-s). This is a functional protein that enhances protein G-associated intracellular signaling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">14,16</a> Since G-protein activation is the key event in intracellular signal transduction, the C825T polymorphism plays an important role in the etiology of a variety of disease processes,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">17</a> including hypertension,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">14,15,18–20</a> obesity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">21</a> depression,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">22</a> and cardiovascular disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">23</a> Furthermore, the 825T allele functions as a pharmacogenetic marker to predict responses to various drugs, such as diuretics, antidepressants, sildenafil and clonidine, as well as to angiotensin II and endothelin 1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">17</a>However, the results of some studies have failed to demonstrate any association between this genetic variant and hypertension,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360">24–26</a> while others support it. In view of this controversy, we decided to assess this association in a Portuguese population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the association of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene (rs5443) with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago.MethodsStudy protocol and ethics approvalThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Health Service of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (SESARAM) and was conducted in accordance with the international ethics guidelines of the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki.All participants gave their written informed consent, after an internist with more than 10 years of experience explained how blood would be collected for analysis and how DNA and relevant clinical data would be stored and reused. Blood samples for genetic analysis are kept in our hospital's research biobank in accordance with Articles 6, 15 and 16 of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights.Study populationThis study was conducted on the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira, which has a population of around 300000. Participants were Caucasian, born in Madeira, and their parents and grandparents were also Caucasians born in the archipelago. The study sample was thus a genetically homogeneous southern European population.The sample consisted of 1641 individuals with a mean age of 50.6±8.1 years, 848 (49.9%) male, who were selected sequentially from general and family medicine consultations in the Internal Medicine department of the Central Hospital of Funchal.The population was divided into two groups, those with and those without hypertension. Differences between the groups in terms of gender and age were kept to a minimum.HypertensionAt enrollment, subjects were defined as having hypertension if it had already been diagnosed, if they had been taking antihypertensive medication for more than three months, or if they were newly diagnosed with systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥140/90 mmHg on at least three occasions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">27</a>Individuals with secondary hypertension, such as those with primary hyperaldosteronism or clinically significant renal disease, were excluded, as were those taking medication for other indications that could affect blood pressure.The normotensive control subjects had never taken antihypertensive medication and had SBP/DBP <140/90 mmHg.Blood pressure was measured in the right arm with the subject in a seated position after 10 minutes’ rest, using a standard Welch Allyn sphygmomanometer. The mean of three readings taken at 2-min intervals was recorded.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">27</a>Data collectionAll participants answered a standardized questionnaire on age, gender, lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and personal and family history of cardiovascular events, particularly stroke, coronary artery disease and family history of hypertension.Anthropometric parameters were assessed in all participants. Height was measured in cm and weight in kg, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m2.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">28</a> BMI was classified as normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">28</a> Waist circumference was measured and considered high when >94 cm in men and >80 cm in women.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">29</a> Waist-hip ratio was defined as high when >0.9 in men and >0.8 in women.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">29</a>Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined by tonometry using a Complior device, as previously described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">30</a> PWV >10 m/s was considered high. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl and/or blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl and/or a history of treatment for diabetes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">31</a>A sedentary lifestyle was defined as performing less than 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">29</a>Individuals who smoked at enrollment in the study were considered smokers and were classified according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day: 1-10, 10-20 or more than 20. Individuals who consumed alcohol at enrollment were considered to be drinkers. Alcohol consumption was quantified in g per week and was considered excessive when >70 g/week in men and >50 g/week in women.Laboratory testsBlood samples were collected after 14-16 hours of fasting and plasma was prepared for the quantification of biochemical parameters. Laboratory tests were performed at the hospital's central laboratory, using standard techniques.To determine total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and blood glucose, blood samples were collected in dry tubes, centrifuged for 30 min at 3500 g and quantified by enzymatic techniques using an AU5400 automated analyzer (Beckman Coulter). Biochemical risk markers – lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) – were quantified with the same analyzer using immunoturbidimetry. Fibrinogen was measured in blood collected into a sodium citrate tube with the subject in a fasting state, using an ACL TOP 700 analyzer (Beckman Coulter).Genetic analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 geneGenomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using the salting-out method. Genotyping was performed using oligonucleotide probes labeled with allele-specific fluorescence in an assay combining standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan techniques (Applied Biosystems). Primers and probes for the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene (rs5443) were those provided by the manufacturer (TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays, Applied Biosystems). Oligonucleotides were synthesized and FAM™ and VIC® fluorescent labels were coupled to the 5′ ends of the probes for allelic discrimination. Two-step PCR, consisting of 40 denaturation cycles at 92°C for 15 s and primer annealing and extension at 60°C for 1 min, was carried out in a 7300 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). 7300 System SDS Software (Applied Biosystems) was used to determine genotypes, without using prior knowledge of individual clinical data (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Statistical analysisCategorical variables are presented as frequency and percentage using the chi-square test. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (minimum-maximum). The Student's t test or the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, as appropriate.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was analyzed for each of the genes using the chi-square test and a p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. The Bonferroni correction was applied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using the forward Wald method was applied to identify variables associated with the onset of hypertension.The strength of associations was determined by odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).The statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS version 19.0 and a p value <0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance.ResultsCharacteristics of the study populationThe baseline characteristics of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. The sample consisted of 1641 individuals with hypertension (mean age 50.8±8.1 years; 51.8% male) and 793 controls without hypertension (mean age 50.3±8.2 years; 47.9% male). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of gender or age.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Significant differences between groups were seen in alcohol consumption (p=0.008), BMI and obesity (p<0.0001), waist circumference (p<0.0001) and waist/hip ratio (p<0.0001), in all of which mean values were higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group. Likewise, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high SBP, DBP, heart rate and PWV were significantly more frequent in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (p<0.0001). In the hypertensive group, there were more individuals with a personal (p=0.002) and family (p<0.0001) history of cardiovascular events, as well as a family history of hypertension (p<0.0001). There was a significantly larger proportion of smokers in the control group (p<0.0001), except in those who smoked >20 cigarettes/day.Regarding biochemical variables (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), there were significant differences between the groups in hemoglobin, leukocytes, fibrinogen, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP (all p<0.0001), with higher mean values in the hypertensive group than in controls. There were no significant differences in relation to total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and platelets (p>0.05).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Allele and genotype frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and risk of hypertensionThe allele frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. The frequencies of the C and T alleles in the overall population were 60.5% and 39.5%, respectively. The proportions were similar in both cases and controls, with OR 1.106 and without statistical significance (p=0.158) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The frequency of each genotype in both groups was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). In the additive model, the most frequent genotype was heterozygous CT, with a frequency of 50.7% in the hypertensive group and 44.3% in the controls compared to the reference homozygous CC genotype. This genotype carried a 1.336-fold greater risk of hypertension (p=0.008) than the mutated homozygote TT (OR 1.107; p=0.494).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>In the dominant model (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>), subjects with the CT or TT genotype were at greater risk of developing hypertension (OR 1.275; 95% CI 1.042-1.559) than those with the reference genotype (CC) (p=0.018).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Logistic regression analysisIn the logistic regression analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>), the variables that remained in the model were diabetes, obesity, alcohol consumption and the CT and TT genotypes of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene, which were significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia>The model showed smoking to be a protective factor, while a sedentary lifestyle left the model and did not influence the occurrence of hypertension.DiscussionIn the present study, we investigated the association between the 825T variant of the GNB3 G protein gene and hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago. Subjects with the dominant genetic model had an increased risk of developing hypertension (OR 1.275; 95% CI 1.042-1.559; p=0.018), even after multivariate analysis and correction for confounding factors (obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption and smoking). This demonstrates that in this population G protein variants are independently associated with hypertension, constituting an additional risk to conventional risk factors.The frequency of the T allele was 39.5% in our study, which is higher than that reported in other Caucasian populations (37.7%), but lower than that described for Asians (48.4%) and African-Americans (76.3%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">19</a>Our results, which are innovative in the Portuguese population, are in line with those of other studies. Stiffer et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">14</a> in a study of 427 normotensive and 426 hypertensive German subjects, were the first to demonstrate a significant association between the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene coding for pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and hypertension (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.05-3.05; p=0.03). Subsequently, other studies in different countries and ethnic groups also found associations between the C825T polymorphism and hypertension<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">14,15,17–19</a> and variations in blood pressure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400">32–34</a>In a study of Caucasian subjects, Benjafield et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">15</a> concluded that the 825T allele was associated with hypertension (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5-3.7),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">15</a> while a study in an Egyptian population also found an association between this variant and hypertension (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.9-2.1) in the dominant genetic model, which was significantly stronger in the recessive model (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5-3.7).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">20</a>Zheng et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">19</a>, in a meta-analysis involving 36802 individuals, confirmed a significant association between the C825T polymorphism and overall risk of hypertension in Caucasian and Chinese subjects, although this association was not found in other Asian populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">19</a>By contrast, a meta-analysis by Guo et al. suggested that although the 825T allele showed a marginal association with hypertension risk, there was no association with hypertension in Asians or Caucasians.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">26</a>Various pathophysiological mechanisms may explain the role of the C825T (rs5443) genetic variant in the development of hypertension.Siffert et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">14</a> reported that the splice variant GNB3-s is a functional protein that increases G protein activity in a reconstituted system and leads to enhanced intracellular signaling.Elevated blood pressure is due to increased sensitivity to vasopressor hormones, which use GNB3 for signal transmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415">35</a> This has been demonstrated in vivo by the greater vascular reactivity shown by individuals with the 825T variant following stimulation of coronary alpha2 adrenoreceptors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">36</a>Meirhaeghe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">16</a> assessed coronary artery vasomotility after intravenous injection of methylergonovine maleate, a vasoconstrictor, and concluded that subjects bearing at least one T allele of the C825T polymorphism had greater susceptibility to vasoconstriction than those with the wild-type CC genotype. The GB3-s subunit is associated with increased G protein activity and therefore may increase the activity of alpha-1A adrenoceptors coupled to these proteins. This would explain the greater vasoconstriction observed in response to a vasoconstrictor in individuals with the 825T allele.Another hypothesis, put forward by Siffert et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">14</a> is that the onset of hypertension in carriers of the T allele may result not from increased vasoconstriction due to vasoconstrictor hormones such as noradrenaline and angiotensin II activating heterotrimeric non-pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, but from vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation leading gradually to vascular hypertrophy.We performed logistic regression analysis to assess confounding variables such as diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking and the dominant model of the C825T polymorphism, in order to determine which variables were significantly and independently related to the occurrence of hypertension. Obesity and diabetes conferred a significant risk (OR 3.270; 95% CI 2.555-4.184; p<0.0001 and OR 3.397; 95% CI 2.275-5.074; p<0.0001, respectively). The C825T polymorphism also remained in the model, which revealed that it was significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension (OR 1.276; 95% CI 1.024-1.566; p=0.029).In our study population there was a larger proportion of smokers (except those who smoked >20 cigarettes/day) in the control group than in the hypertensive group. Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking appeared to be a protective factor for the occurrence of hypertension. This is because smokers were defined as those who smoked at enrollment in the study, so these individuals were active rather than former smokers. Hypertensive individuals were already under medical monitoring for cardiovascular risk factors at enrollment, which would have led some of them to quit smoking. However, our results indicate that the heaviest smokers found it most difficult to quit.Obesity is also known to be an important risk factor for the development of hypertension. Cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with higher blood pressure and weight gain throughout life and is an important predictor of hypertension.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425">37–40</a> Studies in different ethnic groups have shown that the T allele of the C825T polymorphism is associated with obesity<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445">41,42</a> and can influence blood pressure variations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455">43,44</a>Future studies that correlate abnormalities in complex cellular transduction mechanisms with other pathological processes may lead to important discoveries in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension and many other diseases.Strong points of the studyThis is the first case-control study conducted in the genetically homogeneous<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465">45–47</a> and relatively isolated Portuguese population of the archipelago of Madeira to investigate the association between the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and propensity for hypertension.The population's characteristics are advantageous for gene mapping in rare disorders, and furthermore, according to several researchers, the study of a culturally and genetically isolated population with a common way of life, diet and natural environment can help minimize the influence of environment factors on variation in disease patterns.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480">48</a>ConclusionIn this study, the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene was significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population (OR 1.275; 95% CI 1.042-1.559; p=0.018) in the dominant model, even after logistic regression analysis which included other variables that could also have been associated with the onset of hypertension.Identifying candidate genes and understanding their function will help establish a specific molecular basis for hypertension. Further studies in different populations and with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether the C825T polymorphism plays a significant role in the etiology of hypertension.FundingThis study was funded by the Operational Program for the Enhancement of Economic Potential and Territorial Cohesion of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (INTERVIR+).Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:14 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1059581" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008514" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1059580" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008515" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Study protocol and ethics approval" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Hypertension" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Laboratory tests" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Genetic analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Characteristics of the study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Allele and genotype frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and risk of hypertension" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Logistic regression analysis" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Strong points of the study" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 13 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-03-13" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-24" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008514" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Case-control study" 1 => "Hypertension" 2 => "G protein" 3 => "Polymorphisms" 4 => "GNB3" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008515" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Estudo caso-controlo" 1 => "Hipertensão arterial" 2 => "Polimorfismos" 3 => "Proteína G" 4 => "GNβ3" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionHypertension is an important public health problem, affecting about 25% of the adult population worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">1</a> Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. The T allele of the C825T polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein (rs5443) leads to the production of a truncated variant that enhances intracellular signaling and may interfere with the regulation of blood pressure. This genetic variant has been described as a risk factor for hypertension, although study results are controversial. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the association of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago. MethodsA case-control study was performed with 1641 Caucasian individuals (mean age 50.6±8.1 years), 848 with hypertension and 793 controls. Blood was collected from all participants for biochemical and genetic analysis, including genotyping of the C825T polymorphism. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables were significantly associated with the onset of hypertension. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 19.0 and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsIn our study, there was a significant association between the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and the occurrence of hypertension (odds ratio 1.275; 95% confidence interval 1.042-1.559; p=0.018) in the dominant model, after multivariate analysis. ConclusionWe conclude that the C825T polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the study population." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "IntroduçãoA hipertensão arterial é um problema de Saúde Pública, afeta 25% da população adulta mundial. Fatores genéticos e ambientais contribuem para a sua patogénese. O polimorfismo C825T da subunidade β3 da Proteína G (rs5443) favorece a produção de uma variante alternativa, truncada, que facilita a sinalização intracelular, pode interferir na regulação da pressão arterial. Essa variante genética tem sido descrita como um fator de risco para a hipertensão arterial, com resultados controversos. ObjetivoAvaliar a associação do polimorfismo C825T do gene GNβ3 com o aparecimento de hipertensão arterial, numa população portuguesa do Arquipélago da Madeira. MétodosCom uma amostra de 1.641 indivíduos (média de 50,6 ± 8,1 anos), fizemos um estudo caso-controlo com 848 indivíduos com hipertensão arterial e 793 controlos, ajustados para o sexo e a idade. Todos os participantes colheram sangue para análises bioquímicas e foram genotipados para o polimorfismo C825T. Foi feita uma regressão logística para ver quais as variáveis que se relacionam com a hipertensão arterial. A análise dos dados foi feita com o software estatístico SPSS, versão 19.0. Usamos como limiar de significância o valor de p < 0,05. ResultadosEncontramos uma associação significativa entre o polimorfismo C825T e o aparecimento de hipertensão arterial (odds ratio = 1,275; IC 95% (1,042–1,559); p = 0,018) no modelo dominante, após análise multivariada. ConclusãoO polimorfismo C825T da subnidade β3 da Proteína G está associado, de forma significativa e independente, com o aparecimento hipertensão arterial na nossa população." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Sousa AC, Palma dos Reis R, Pereira A, Borges S, Gouveia S, Spínola A, et al. A variante genética c825t da subunidade β3 da proteína G associa-se com a hipertensão arterial numa população portuguesa. Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:499–507." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 2499 "Tamanyo" => 187630 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Genotype determination of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene using the 7300 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "BMI: body mass index; CV: cardiovascular; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SBP: systolic blood pressure; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist/hip ratio." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total (n=1641) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertensives (n=848) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=793) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age, years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.6±8.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.8±8.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.3±8.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.212 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">819 (49.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">439 (51.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">380 (47.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.119 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">887 (54.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">476 (56.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">411 (51.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.080 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Drinkers, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">627 (38.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">350 (41.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">277 (34.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Excessive drinkers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">536 (32.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">291 (34.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">245 (31.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.176 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Smokers, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">375 (22.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">164 (19.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">211 (26.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1-10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">142 (37.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 (36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83 (39.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">10-20<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">118 (31.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 (24.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 (37) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">>20<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">115 (30.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 (39.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (23.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI, kg/m2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.7±4.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.2±5.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.2±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">c</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">466 (28.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">143 (16.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">323 (40.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">d</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">734 (44.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">379 (44.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">355 (44.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obese<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">e</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">441 (26.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">326 (38.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">115 (14.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High WC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">f</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1217 (74.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">710 (83.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">507 (63.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High WHR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035">g</a>, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1461 (89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">788 (92.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">673 (84.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">169 (10.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">134 (15.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (4.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">815 (49.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">470 (55.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">345 (43.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">134.4±20.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">147.2±18.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">120.7±10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84.5±12.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">91.1±11.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77.4±7.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Heart rate, bpm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.1±11.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.1±12.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71±11.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PWV, m/s \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8±1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.4±1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.7±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PWV >10 m/s, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">160 (9.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">117 (13.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CV events, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (1.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family CV history, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">539 (32.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">327 (38.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">212 (26.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family hypertension history, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">609 (37.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">405 (47.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">204 (25.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802988.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => ">70 g/week in men and >50 g/week in women." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "No. of cigarettes smoked per day." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "<25 kg/m2." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "25-29.9 kg/m2." ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "e" "nota" => "≥30 kg/m2." ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0030" "etiqueta" => "f" "nota" => ">94 cm in men and >80 cm in women." ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0035" "etiqueta" => "g" "nota" => ">0.9 in men and >0.8 in women." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Values are presented as median (minimum-maximum).HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total (n=1641) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertensives (n=848) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=793) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoglobin, g/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.3 (9.6-18.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.4 (9.6-18.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.2 (10.1-17.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Platelets, 103/μl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">229.0 (23-664) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">233.0 (23-664) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">227.0 (65-544) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.206 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes, 103/μl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.4 (2.1-18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.6 (2.9-18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.2 (2.1-16.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibrinogen, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">362 (179.2-874) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">371.0 (179.2-874) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">355.3 (224-688) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Blood glucose, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">95 (66-364) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">98.0 (70-360) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">93.0 (66-364) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lipoprotein(a), mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.3 (0.6-236) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.6 (0.6-236) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.2 (0.8-198.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.730 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">207 (107-370) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">208.5 (115-344) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">206 (107-370) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.193 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 (17.2-111.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.9 (17.2-103) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (20.8-111.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">131 (37.7-269) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">131 (37.7-269) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">131 (42-260) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.944 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">110 (21-1098) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">119.0 (29-1098) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99.0 (21-688) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">104 (3.9-232) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">106.6 (5.1-205) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99.7 (3.9-232) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">hs-CRP, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2 (0-18.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2 (0-13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2 (0-18.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802986.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Biochemical characteristics of the study population." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Allele \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1985 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">979 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.106 (0.962-1.273) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.158 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1297 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">690 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">607 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3282 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1696 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1586 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802989.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Allele frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genotype \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n=848) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=793) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">288 (34.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">314 (39.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">430 (50.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">351 (44.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.336 (1.079-1.653) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">130 (15.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">128 (16.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.107 (0.827-1.482) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.494 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802987.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Genotypes of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and risk of hypertension." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genotype (dominant model) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n=848) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n=793) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">288 (34.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">314 (39.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CT + TT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">560 (66.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">479 (40.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.275 (1.042-1.559) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802985.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Genotypes of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and risk of hypertension (dominant model)." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Forward Wald method in SPSS version 19.0. Sedentary lifestyle, gender and age left the equation. Statistical significance for p<0.05.CI: confidence interval; df: degrees of freedom; OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Beta \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">df \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.223 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.205 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35.711 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.397 (2.275-5.074) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.185 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.126 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">88.686 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.270 (2.555-4.184) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alcohol consumption \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.243 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.109 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.276 (1.031-1.579) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.025 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Smoking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">-0.464 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.127 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">13.359 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.629 (0.490-0.806) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Polymorphism (CT+TT) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.236 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.755 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.267 (1.024-1.566) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Constant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">-0.477 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.102 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.881 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.621 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1802990.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Logistic regression analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and confounding variables." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:48 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.M. Kearney" 1 => "M. Whelton" 2 => "K. 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The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population

Ana Célia Sousaa,

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dep.card@sesaram.pt

Corresponding author.

, Roberto Palma dos Reisb, Andreia Pereiraa, Sofia Borgesa, Sara Gouveiaa, Adelaide Spínolaa, Ana Isabel Freitasa,c, Graça Guerraa,c, Teresa Góisa, Mariana Rodriguesa, Eva Henriquesa, Ilídio Ornelasa, Carolina Freitasa, Décio Pereiraa, António Brehmc, Maria Isabel Mendonçaa

a Unidade de Investigação, Hospital Doutor Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal

b Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

c Laboratório de Genética Humana, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genotype determination of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene using the 7300 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypertension is a major public health problem&#44; affecting around 25&#37; of the adult population worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and progression to renal failure&#44; independently of other cardiovascular risk factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> In the Portuguese adult population&#44; its overall prevalence is around 42&#37; &#40;44&#46;4&#37; in men and 40&#46;2&#37; in women&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent decades&#44; many studies have been conducted to determine how genetics contributes to the development of hypertension&#46; Around 20-40&#37; of blood pressure variation is genetically determined&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> but the molecular genetics of HT is still unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">G proteins and their receptors play a crucial role in cell survival&#46; These proteins are part of a superfamily of proteins that&#44; when inactive&#44; are bound to cell membrane receptors&#44; and when activated migrate through the cytosol regulating multiple effectors including enzymes&#44; ion channels&#44; hormones&#44; neurotransmitters and autocrine and paracrine factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> They are thus signal transducers that enable intracellular events to be triggered by external stimuli&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transduction of external stimuli via intracellular signals is clearly of considerable importance for perpetuating viable characteristics on an evolutionary scale&#46; Given their wide-ranging roles&#44; deficiency or altered expression of these important proteins can lead to more or less widespread metabolic disturbances&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Heterotrimeric G proteins consist of three subunits&#44; alpha&#44; beta and gamma&#44; coded by separate genes&#46; The alpha subunit of each G protein is the most important&#58; it is the subunit that interacts with the receptor&#44; binding to guanosine triphosphate &#40;GTP&#41; and regulating effector systems&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The beta and gamma subunits are non-covalently bound into the beta-gamma complex&#44; which when bound to the alpha subunit forms the inactive state of the protein&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In addition to anchoring the alpha subunit&#44; the beta-gamma dimer influences certain cell processes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> and can modulate the activity of certain effectors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Due to their crucial role in the functioning of many cell types&#44; genetic abnormalities in G protein subunits may be involved in the etiology of a wide range of clinical conditions&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The gene that codes for the G protein beta 3 subunit is located on chromosome 12p13&#46; The C825T single-nucleotide polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein &#40;rs5443&#41; is located in exon 10 of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene&#44; where cytosine &#40;C&#41; is replaced by thymidine &#40;T&#41; at nucleotide 825&#46; The T allele of the C825T polymorphism results in a splicing variation in exon 9 in which nucleotides 498-620 are deleted&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> leading to the absence of amino acids 167 to 197 in the truncated protein &#40;known as GNB3-s&#41;&#46; This is a functional protein that enhances protein G-associated intracellular signaling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;16</span></a> Since G-protein activation is the key event in intracellular signal transduction&#44; the C825T polymorphism plays an important role in the etiology of a variety of disease processes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> including hypertension&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15&#44;18&#8211;20</span></a> obesity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> depression&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> and cardiovascular disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Furthermore&#44; the 825T allele functions as a pharmacogenetic marker to predict responses to various drugs&#44; such as diuretics&#44; antidepressants&#44; sildenafil and clonidine&#44; as well as to angiotensin II and endothelin 1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the results of some studies have failed to demonstrate any association between this genetic variant and hypertension&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;26</span></a> while others support it&#46; In view of this controversy&#44; we decided to assess this association in a Portuguese population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Objective</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to analyze the association of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene &#40;rs5443&#41; with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Methods</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Study protocol and ethics approval</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Health Service of the Autonomous Region of Madeira &#40;SESARAM&#41; and was conducted in accordance with the international ethics guidelines of the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants gave their written informed consent&#44; after an internist with more than 10 years of experience explained how blood would be collected for analysis and how DNA and relevant clinical data would be stored and reused&#46; Blood samples for genetic analysis are kept in our hospital&#39;s research biobank in accordance with Articles 6&#44; 15 and 16 of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Study population</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was conducted on the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira&#44; which has a population of around 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000&#46; Participants were Caucasian&#44; born in Madeira&#44; and their parents and grandparents were also Caucasians born in the archipelago&#46; The study sample was thus a genetically homogeneous southern European population&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample consisted of 1641 individuals with a mean age of 50&#46;6&#177;8&#46;1 years&#44; 848 &#40;49&#46;9&#37;&#41; male&#44; who were selected sequentially from general and family medicine consultations in the Internal Medicine department of the Central Hospital of Funchal&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The population was divided into two groups&#44; those with and those without hypertension&#46; Differences between the groups in terms of gender and age were kept to a minimum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Hypertension</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At enrollment&#44; subjects were defined as having hypertension if it had already been diagnosed&#44; if they had been taking antihypertensive medication for more than three months&#44; or if they were newly diagnosed with systolic &#40;SBP&#41; and&#47;or diastolic blood pressure &#40;DBP&#41; &#8805;140&#47;90 mmHg on at least three occasions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individuals with secondary hypertension&#44; such as those with primary hyperaldosteronism or clinically significant renal disease&#44; were excluded&#44; as were those taking medication for other indications that could affect blood pressure&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The normotensive control subjects had never taken antihypertensive medication and had SBP&#47;DBP &#60;140&#47;90 mmHg&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood pressure was measured in the right arm with the subject in a seated position after 10 minutes&#8217; rest&#44; using a standard Welch Allyn sphygmomanometer&#46; The mean of three readings taken at 2-min intervals was recorded&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Data collection</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants answered a standardized questionnaire on age&#44; gender&#44; lifestyle&#44; smoking&#44; alcohol consumption&#44; and personal and family history of cardiovascular events&#44; particularly stroke&#44; coronary artery disease and family history of hypertension&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anthropometric parameters were assessed in all participants&#46; Height was measured in cm and weight in kg&#44; and body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was calculated as kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> BMI was classified as normal &#40;&#60;25 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; overweight &#40;25-29&#46;9 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; or obese &#40;&#8805;30 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Waist circumference was measured and considered high when &#62;94 cm in men and &#62;80 cm in women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Waist-hip ratio was defined as high when &#62;0&#46;9 in men and &#62;0&#46;8 in women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pulse wave velocity &#40;PWV&#41; was determined by tonometry using a Complior device&#44; as previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> PWV &#62;10 m&#47;s was considered high&#46; Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose &#8805;126 mg&#47;dl and&#47;or blood glucose &#8805;200 mg&#47;dl and&#47;or a history of treatment for diabetes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A sedentary lifestyle was defined as performing less than 150 min&#47;week of moderate to vigorous physical activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individuals who smoked at enrollment in the study were considered smokers and were classified according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day&#58; 1-10&#44; 10-20 or more than 20&#46; Individuals who consumed alcohol at enrollment were considered to be drinkers&#46; Alcohol consumption was quantified in g per week and was considered excessive when &#62;70 g&#47;week in men and &#62;50 g&#47;week in women&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Laboratory tests</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were collected after 14-16 hours of fasting and plasma was prepared for the quantification of biochemical parameters&#46; Laboratory tests were performed at the hospital&#39;s central laboratory&#44; using standard techniques&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To determine total cholesterol&#44; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;HDL-C&#41;&#44; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;LDL-C&#41;&#44; triglycerides and blood glucose&#44; blood samples were collected in dry tubes&#44; centrifuged for 30 min at 3500 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> and quantified by enzymatic techniques using an AU5400 automated analyzer &#40;Beckman Coulter&#41;&#46; Biochemical risk markers &#8211; lipoprotein&#40;a&#41;&#44; apolipoprotein B and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein &#40;hs-CRP&#41; &#8211; were quantified with the same analyzer using immunoturbidimetry&#46; Fibrinogen was measured in blood collected into a sodium citrate tube with the subject in a fasting state&#44; using an ACL TOP 700 analyzer &#40;Beckman Coulter&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Genetic analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using the salting-out method&#46; Genotyping was performed using oligonucleotide probes labeled with allele-specific fluorescence in an assay combining standard polymerase chain reaction &#40;PCR&#41; and TaqMan techniques &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46; Primers and probes for the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene &#40;rs5443&#41; were those provided by the manufacturer &#40;TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays&#44; Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46; Oligonucleotides were synthesized and FAM&#8482; and VIC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> fluorescent labels were coupled to the 5&#8242; ends of the probes for allelic discrimination&#46; Two-step PCR&#44; consisting of 40 denaturation cycles at 92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 15 s and primer annealing and extension at 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 1 min&#44; was carried out in a 7300 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46; 7300 System SDS Software &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41; was used to determine genotypes&#44; without using prior knowledge of individual clinical data &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Categorical variables are presented as frequency and percentage using the chi-square test&#46; Continuous variables are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or median &#40;minimum-maximum&#41;&#46; The Student&#39;s t test or the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables&#44; as appropriate&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was analyzed for each of the genes using the chi-square test and a p-value less than 5&#37; was considered statistically significant&#46; The Bonferroni correction was applied&#46; Multivariate logistic regression analysis using the forward Wald method was applied to identify variables associated with the onset of hypertension&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The strength of associations was determined by odds ratios &#40;OR&#41; and respective 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;CIs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS version 19&#46;0 and a p value &#60;0&#46;05 was taken to indicate statistical significance&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Results</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Characteristics of the study population</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The baseline characteristics of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The sample consisted of 1641 individuals with hypertension &#40;mean age 50&#46;8&#177;8&#46;1 years&#59; 51&#46;8&#37; male&#41; and 793 controls without hypertension &#40;mean age 50&#46;3&#177;8&#46;2 years&#59; 47&#46;9&#37; male&#41;&#46; There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of gender or age&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significant differences between groups were seen in alcohol consumption &#40;p&#61;0&#46;008&#41;&#44; BMI and obesity &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; waist circumference &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41; and waist&#47;hip ratio &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; in all of which mean values were higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group&#46; Likewise&#44; diabetes&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; and high SBP&#44; DBP&#44; heart rate and PWV were significantly more frequent in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; In the hypertensive group&#44; there were more individuals with a personal &#40;p&#61;0&#46;002&#41; and family &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41; history of cardiovascular events&#44; as well as a family history of hypertension &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; There was a significantly larger proportion of smokers in the control group &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; except in those who smoked &#62;20 cigarettes&#47;day&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding biochemical variables &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; there were significant differences between the groups in hemoglobin&#44; leukocytes&#44; fibrinogen&#44; HDL cholesterol&#44; triglycerides&#44; apolipoprotein B&#44; fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP &#40;all p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; with higher mean values in the hypertensive group than in controls&#46; There were no significant differences in relation to total cholesterol&#44; LDL cholesterol&#44; lipoprotein&#40;a&#41; and platelets &#40;p&#62;0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Allele and genotype frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene and risk of hypertension</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The allele frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; The frequencies of the C and T alleles in the overall population were 60&#46;5&#37; and 39&#46;5&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The proportions were similar in both cases and controls&#44; with OR 1&#46;106 and without statistical significance &#40;p&#61;0&#46;158&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of each genotype in both groups was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; In the additive model&#44; the most frequent genotype was heterozygous CT&#44; with a frequency of 50&#46;7&#37; in the hypertensive group and 44&#46;3&#37; in the controls compared to the reference homozygous CC genotype&#46; This genotype carried a 1&#46;336-fold greater risk of hypertension &#40;p&#61;0&#46;008&#41; than the mutated homozygote TT &#40;OR 1&#46;107&#59; p&#61;0&#46;494&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the dominant model &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#44; subjects with the CT or TT genotype were at greater risk of developing hypertension &#40;OR 1&#46;275&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;042-1&#46;559&#41; than those with the reference genotype &#40;CC&#41; &#40;p&#61;0&#46;018&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Logistic regression analysis</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the logistic regression analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#44; the variables that remained in the model were diabetes&#44; obesity&#44; alcohol consumption and the CT and TT genotypes of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene&#44; which were significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The model showed smoking to be a protective factor&#44; while a sedentary lifestyle left the model and did not influence the occurrence of hypertension&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Discussion</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; we investigated the association between the 825T variant of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> G protein gene and hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago&#46; Subjects with the dominant genetic model had an increased risk of developing hypertension &#40;OR 1&#46;275&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;042-1&#46;559&#59; p&#61;0&#46;018&#41;&#44; even after multivariate analysis and correction for confounding factors &#40;obesity&#44; diabetes&#44; sedentary lifestyle&#44; alcohol consumption and smoking&#41;&#46; This demonstrates that in this population G protein variants are independently associated with hypertension&#44; constituting an additional risk to conventional risk factors&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of the T allele was 39&#46;5&#37; in our study&#44; which is higher than that reported in other Caucasian populations &#40;37&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; but lower than that described for Asians &#40;48&#46;4&#37;&#41; and African-Americans &#40;76&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results&#44; which are innovative in the Portuguese population&#44; are in line with those of other studies&#46; Stiffer et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> in a study of 427 normotensive and 426 hypertensive German subjects&#44; were the first to demonstrate a significant association between the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene coding for pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and hypertension &#40;OR 1&#46;79&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;05-3&#46;05&#59; p&#61;0&#46;03&#41;&#46; Subsequently&#44; other studies in different countries and ethnic groups also found associations between the C825T polymorphism and hypertension<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15&#44;17&#8211;19</span></a> and variations in blood pressure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#8211;34</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a study of Caucasian subjects&#44; Benjafield et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> concluded that the 825T allele was associated with hypertension &#40;OR 2&#46;3&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;5-3&#46;7&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> while a study in an Egyptian population also found an association between this variant and hypertension &#40;OR 1&#46;4&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;9-2&#46;1&#41; in the dominant genetic model&#44; which was significantly stronger in the recessive model &#40;OR 2&#46;3&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;5-3&#46;7&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Zheng et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; in a meta-analysis involving 36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>802 individuals&#44; confirmed a significant association between the C825T polymorphism and overall risk of hypertension in Caucasian and Chinese subjects&#44; although this association was not found in other Asian populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By contrast&#44; a meta-analysis by Guo et al&#46; suggested that although the 825T allele showed a marginal association with hypertension risk&#44; there was no association with hypertension in Asians or Caucasians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various pathophysiological mechanisms may explain the role of the C825T &#40;rs5443&#41; genetic variant in the development of hypertension&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Siffert et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> reported that the splice variant GNB3-s is a functional protein that increases G protein activity in a reconstituted system and leads to enhanced intracellular signaling&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elevated blood pressure is due to increased sensitivity to vasopressor hormones&#44; which use GNB3 for signal transmission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> This has been demonstrated in vivo by the greater vascular reactivity shown by individuals with the 825T variant following stimulation of coronary alpha2 adrenoreceptors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meirhaeghe et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> assessed coronary artery vasomotility after intravenous injection of methylergonovine maleate&#44; a vasoconstrictor&#44; and concluded that subjects bearing at least one T allele of the C825T polymorphism had greater susceptibility to vasoconstriction than those with the wild-type CC genotype&#46; The GB3-s subunit is associated with increased G protein activity and therefore may increase the activity of alpha-1A adrenoceptors coupled to these proteins&#46; This would explain the greater vasoconstriction observed in response to a vasoconstrictor in individuals with the 825T allele&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another hypothesis&#44; put forward by Siffert et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> is that the onset of hypertension in carriers of the T allele may result not from increased vasoconstriction due to vasoconstrictor hormones such as noradrenaline and angiotensin II activating heterotrimeric non-pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins&#44; but from vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation leading gradually to vascular hypertrophy&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed logistic regression analysis to assess confounding variables such as diabetes&#44; alcohol consumption&#44; smoking and the dominant model of the C825T polymorphism&#44; in order to determine which variables were significantly and independently related to the occurrence of hypertension&#46; Obesity and diabetes conferred a significant risk &#40;OR 3&#46;270&#59; 95&#37; CI 2&#46;555-4&#46;184&#59; p&#60;0&#46;0001 and OR 3&#46;397&#59; 95&#37; CI 2&#46;275-5&#46;074&#59; p&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; The C825T polymorphism also remained in the model&#44; which revealed that it was significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension &#40;OR 1&#46;276&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;024-1&#46;566&#59; p&#61;0&#46;029&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study population there was a larger proportion of smokers &#40;except those who smoked &#62;20 cigarettes&#47;day&#41; in the control group than in the hypertensive group&#46; Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking appeared to be a protective factor for the occurrence of hypertension&#46; This is because smokers were defined as those who smoked at enrollment in the study&#44; so these individuals were active rather than former smokers&#46; Hypertensive individuals were already under medical monitoring for cardiovascular risk factors at enrollment&#44; which would have led some of them to quit smoking&#46; However&#44; our results indicate that the heaviest smokers found it most difficult to quit&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is also known to be an important risk factor for the development of hypertension&#46; Cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with higher blood pressure and weight gain throughout life and is an important predictor of hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;40</span></a> Studies in different ethnic groups have shown that the T allele of the C825T polymorphism is associated with obesity<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a> and can influence blood pressure variations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;44</span></a></p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future studies that correlate abnormalities in complex cellular transduction mechanisms with other pathological processes may lead to important discoveries in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension and many other diseases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Strong points of the study</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first case-control study conducted in the genetically homogeneous<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#8211;47</span></a> and relatively isolated Portuguese population of the archipelago of Madeira to investigate the association between the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene and propensity for hypertension&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The population&#39;s characteristics are advantageous for gene mapping in rare disorders&#44; and furthermore&#44; according to several researchers&#44; the study of a culturally and genetically isolated population with a common way of life&#44; diet and natural environment can help minimize the influence of environment factors on variation in disease patterns&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conclusion</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene was significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population &#40;OR 1&#46;275&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;042-1&#46;559&#59; p&#61;0&#46;018&#41; in the dominant model&#44; even after logistic regression analysis which included other variables that could also have been associated with the onset of hypertension&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Identifying candidate genes and understanding their function will help establish a specific molecular basis for hypertension&#46; Further studies in different populations and with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether the C825T polymorphism plays a significant role in the etiology of hypertension&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Funding</span><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was funded by the Operational Program for the Enhancement of Economic Potential and Territorial Cohesion of the Autonomous Region of Madeira &#40;INTERVIR&#43;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Study protocol and ethics approval"
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              "titulo" => "Genetic analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene"
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              "titulo" => "Characteristics of the study population"
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              "titulo" => "Allele and genotype frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and risk of hypertension"
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              "titulo" => "Logistic regression analysis"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-24"
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            0 => "Case-control study"
            1 => "Hypertension"
            2 => "G protein"
            3 => "Polymorphisms"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span>"
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            0 => "Estudo caso-controlo"
            1 => "Hipertens&#227;o arterial"
            2 => "Polimorfismos"
            3 => "Prote&#237;na G"
            4 => "GN&#946;3"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hypertension is an important public health problem&#44; affecting about 25&#37; of the adult population worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis&#46; The T allele of the C825T polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein &#40;rs5443&#41; leads to the production of a truncated variant that enhances intracellular signaling and may interfere with the regulation of blood pressure&#46; This genetic variant has been described as a risk factor for hypertension&#44; although study results are controversial&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to analyze the association of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene with the occurrence of hypertension in a Portuguese population from the Madeira archipelago&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A case-control study was performed with 1641 Caucasian individuals &#40;mean age 50&#46;6&#177;8&#46;1 years&#41;&#44; 848 with hypertension and 793 controls&#46; Blood was collected from all participants for biochemical and genetic analysis&#44; including genotyping of the C825T polymorphism&#46; Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables were significantly associated with the onset of hypertension&#46; Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 19&#46;0 and p-values &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; there was a significant association between the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene and the occurrence of hypertension &#40;odds ratio 1&#46;275&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval 1&#46;042-1&#46;559&#59; p&#61;0&#46;018&#41; in the dominant model&#44; after multivariate analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conclude that the C825T polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the study population&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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          3 => array:2 [
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      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A hipertens&#227;o arterial &#233; um problema de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica&#44; afeta 25&#37; da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta mundial&#46; Fatores gen&#233;ticos e ambientais contribuem para a sua patog&#233;nese&#46; O polimorfismo C825T da subunidade &#946;3 da Prote&#237;na G &#40;rs5443&#41; favorece a produ&#231;&#227;o de uma variante alternativa&#44; truncada&#44; que facilita a sinaliza&#231;&#227;o intracelular&#44; pode interferir na regula&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial&#46; Essa variante gen&#233;tica tem sido descrita como um fator de risco para a hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; com resultados controversos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o do polimorfismo C825T do gene GN&#946;3 com o aparecimento de hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; numa popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa do Arquip&#233;lago da Madeira&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Com uma amostra de 1&#46;641 indiv&#237;duos &#40;m&#233;dia de 50&#44;6 &#177; 8&#44;1 anos&#41;&#44; fizemos um estudo caso-controlo com 848 indiv&#237;duos com hipertens&#227;o arterial e 793 controlos&#44; ajustados para o sexo e a idade&#46; Todos os participantes colheram sangue para an&#225;lises bioqu&#237;micas e foram genotipados para o polimorfismo C825T&#46; Foi feita uma regress&#227;o log&#237;stica para ver quais as vari&#225;veis que se relacionam com a hipertens&#227;o arterial&#46; A an&#225;lise dos dados foi feita com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> estat&#237;stico SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 19&#46;0&#46; Usamos como limiar de signific&#226;ncia o valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o polimorfismo C825T e o aparecimento de hipertens&#227;o arterial &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 1&#44;275&#59; IC 95&#37; &#40;1&#44;042&#8211;1&#44;559&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;018&#41; no modelo dominante&#44; ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O polimorfismo C825T da subnidade &#946;3 da Prote&#237;na G est&#225; associado&#44; de forma significativa e independente&#44; com o aparecimento hipertens&#227;o arterial na nossa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
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            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
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            "identificador" => "abst0040"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Please cite this article as&#58; Sousa AC&#44; Palma dos Reis R&#44; Pereira A&#44; Borges S&#44; Gouveia S&#44; Sp&#237;nola A&#44; et al&#46; A variante gen&#233;tica c825t da subunidade &#946;3 da prote&#237;na G associa-se com a hipertens&#227;o arterial numa popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa&#46; Rev Port Cardiol&#46; 2018&#59;37&#58;499&#8211;507&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genotype determination of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene using the 7300 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; CV&#58; cardiovascular&#59; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#59; PWV&#58; pulse wave velocity&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#59; WC&#58; waist circumference&#59; WHR&#58; waist&#47;hip ratio&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n&#61;1641&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertensives &#40;n&#61;848&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;793&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;6&#177;8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;8&#177;8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;3&#177;8&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;212&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Male&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">819 &#40;49&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">439 &#40;51&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">380 &#40;47&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;119&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sedentary lifestyle&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">887 &#40;54&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">476 &#40;56&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">411 &#40;51&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;080&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Drinkers&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">627 &#40;38&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">350 &#40;41&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">277 &#40;34&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Excessive drinkers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">536 &#40;32&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">291 &#40;34&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">245 &#40;31&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;176&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smokers&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">375 &#40;22&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">164 &#40;19&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">211 &#40;26&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142 &#40;37&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59 &#40;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83 &#40;39&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10-20<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118 &#40;31&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;20<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115 &#40;30&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;39&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50 &#40;23&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI&#44; kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;7&#177;4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;2&#177;5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;2&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">466 &#40;28&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">143 &#40;16&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">323 &#40;40&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">734 &#40;44&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">379 &#40;44&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">355 &#40;44&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obese<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">441 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">326 &#40;38&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115 &#40;14&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High WC</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1217 &#40;74&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">710 &#40;83&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">507 &#40;63&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High WHR</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1461 &#40;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">788 &#40;92&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">673 &#40;84&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">169 &#40;10&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">134 &#40;15&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dyslipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">815 &#40;49&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">470 &#40;55&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">345 &#40;43&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP&#44; mmHg</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">134&#46;4&#177;20&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&#46;2&#177;18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">120&#46;7&#177;10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DBP&#44; mmHg</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;5&#177;12&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91&#46;1&#177;11&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77&#46;4&#177;7&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart rate&#44; bpm</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">72&#46;1&#177;11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;1&#177;12&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&#177;11&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PWV&#44; m&#47;s</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#177;1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;4&#177;1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;7&#177;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PWV &#62;10 m&#47;s&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">160 &#40;9&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CV events&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;1&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Family CV history&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">539 &#40;32&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">327 &#40;38&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">212 &#40;26&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Family hypertension history&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">609 &#40;37&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">405 &#40;47&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">204 &#40;25&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">&#62;70 g&#47;week in men and &#62;50 g&#47;week in women&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">No&#46; of cigarettes smoked per day&#46;</p>"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">&#60;25 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">25-29&#46;9 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "e"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">&#8805;30 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "f"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">&#62;94 cm in men and &#62;80 cm in women&#46;</p>"
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            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "g"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">&#62;0&#46;9 in men and &#62;0&#46;8 in women&#46;</p>"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population&#46;</p>"
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      ]
      2 => array:8 [
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values are presented as median &#40;minimum-maximum&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HDL-C&#58; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; hs-CRP&#58; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein&#59; LDL-C&#58; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n&#61;1641&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertensives &#40;n&#61;848&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;793&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoglobin&#44; g&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;3 &#40;9&#46;6-18&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;4 &#40;9&#46;6-18&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;2 &#40;10&#46;1-17&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Platelets&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">229&#46;0 &#40;23-664&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">233&#46;0 &#40;23-664&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">227&#46;0 &#40;65-544&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;4 &#40;2&#46;1-18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;6 &#40;2&#46;9-18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;2 &#40;2&#46;1-16&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibrinogen&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">362 &#40;179&#46;2-874&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">371&#46;0 &#40;179&#46;2-874&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">355&#46;3 &#40;224-688&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Blood glucose&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95 &#40;66-364&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;0 &#40;70-360&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">93&#46;0 &#40;66-364&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lipoprotein&#40;a&#41;&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;6-236&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;6 &#40;0&#46;6-236&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;2 &#40;0&#46;8-198&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;730&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207 &#40;107-370&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">208&#46;5 &#40;115-344&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">206 &#40;107-370&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;17&#46;2-111&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;9 &#40;17&#46;2-103&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;20&#46;8-111&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;37&#46;7-269&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;37&#46;7-269&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;42-260&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;944&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110 &#40;21-1098&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">119&#46;0 &#40;29-1098&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;0 &#40;21-688&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Apolipoprotein B&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;3&#46;9-232&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">106&#46;6 &#40;5&#46;1-205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;7 &#40;3&#46;9-232&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">hs-CRP&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2 &#40;0-18&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2 &#40;0-13&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2 &#40;0-18&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Allele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">979&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;106 &#40;0&#46;962-1&#46;273&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1297&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">690&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">607&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3282&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1696&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1586&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Allele frequencies of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene&#46;</p>"
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            "identificador" => "at4"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genotype&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases &#40;n&#61;848&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;n&#61;793&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">314 &#40;39&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">430 &#40;50&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">351 &#40;44&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;336 &#40;1&#46;079-1&#46;653&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">130 &#40;15&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">128 &#40;16&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;107 &#40;0&#46;827-1&#46;482&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;494&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genotypes of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene and risk of hypertension&#46;</p>"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CI&#58; confidence interval&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genotype &#40;dominant model&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases &#40;n&#61;848&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&#46;711&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;126&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#46;686&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;276 &#40;1&#46;031-1&#46;579&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#46;359&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;629 &#40;0&#46;490-0&#46;806&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;755&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;267 &#40;1&#46;024-1&#46;566&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;029&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;881&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;621&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic regression analysis of the C825T polymorphism of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GNB3</span> gene and confounding variables&#46;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:48 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global burden of hypertension&#58; analysis of worldwide data"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Kearney"
                            1 => "M&#46; Whelton"
                            2 => "K&#46; Reynolds"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "365"
                        "paginaInicial" => "217"
                        "paginaFinal" => "223"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15652604"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fact Book Fiscal Year"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "National Heart&#44; Lung and Blood Institute"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "editorial" => "NHLBI"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Bethesda&#44; MD"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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Article information

ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2017.09.018

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	7	4	11
2024 October	34	45	79
2024 September	46	26	72
2024 August	38	30	68
2024 July	41	27	68
2024 June	36	19	55
2024 May	25	15	40
2024 April	25	23	48
2024 March	29	26	55
2024 February	28	21	49
2024 January	19	27	46
2023 December	22	21	43
2023 November	32	22	54
2023 October	30	16	46
2023 September	18	21	39
2023 August	17	13	30
2023 July	21	11	32
2023 June	30	12	42
2023 May	52	36	88
2023 April	29	6	35
2023 March	59	25	84
2023 February	47	19	66
2023 January	23	15	38
2022 December	53	30	83
2022 November	51	37	88
2022 October	41	27	68
2022 September	31	38	69
2022 August	40	33	73
2022 July	54	47	101
2022 June	41	22	63
2022 May	39	36	75
2022 April	26	46	72
2022 March	38	52	90
2022 February	39	46	85
2022 January	35	33	68
2021 December	39	26	65
2021 November	39	40	79
2021 October	59	47	106
2021 September	25	33	58
2021 August	30	37	67
2021 July	26	20	46
2021 June	33	33	66
2021 May	37	34	71
2021 April	51	91	142
2021 March	48	22	70
2021 February	47	25	72
2021 January	34	18	52
2020 December	38	18	56
2020 November	24	15	39
2020 October	24	14	38
2020 September	53	18	71
2020 August	18	10	28
2020 July	24	20	44
2020 June	26	7	33
2020 May	30	16	46
2020 April	38	17	55
2020 March	49	26	75
2020 February	47	64	111
2020 January	28	22	50
2019 December	25	19	44
2019 November	22	18	40
2019 October	34	11	45
2019 September	11	19	30
2019 August	28	13	41
2019 July	28	12	40
2019 June	20	18	38
2019 May	40	9	49
2019 April	13	16	29
2019 March	13	14	27
2019 February	25	14	39
2019 January	23	12	35
2018 December	45	12	57
2018 November	150	12	162
2018 October	269	17	286
2018 September	34	18	52
2018 August	38	27	65
2018 July	43	15	58
2018 June	40	20	60

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