Measurement of physical performance by field tests in programs of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

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=> "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Medida do desempenho físico por testes de campo em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular: revisão sistemática e meta-análise" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3161 "Ancho" => 2830 "Tamanyo" => 366281 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flowchart of the selection process of articles included in the systematic review." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionPhysical exercise is important in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). The physical assessment of patients before starting treatment is thus essential.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">1–5</a> In this respect, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures several variables related to cardiorespiratory function, including peak oxygen consumption (VO2 max),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335">6,7</a> and is considered the gold standard for determining VO2 max.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">8–13</a> However, because it is complex and requires maximum effort, CPET is not commonly used in clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">8,9,11,13–24</a> For example, 12% of patients with coronary artery disease are unable to perform the test with maximal effort.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">25</a> Therefore, field tests have been developed to predict VO2 max and to identify functional limitations, enabling VO2 max to be used more regularly in clinical practice.Several field tests are used in CR. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT; the longest distance walked in 6 minutes),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435">26,27</a> provides firm evidence of response to clinical changes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">10</a> It correlates with VO2 max in CPET in patients with heart failure<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445">28–30</a> and is sensitive to changes in perception of disease symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">31</a> Moreover, the Shuttle Walk Test (longest distance walked in a 10-meter corridor with gradual increase in intensity) has been used in post-operative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">32</a> heart failure patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470">33</a> and in Chagas disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">34</a>Step tests are also used in patients with respiratory diseases<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480">35</a> suspected coronary obstruction<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">36</a> and in elderly patients with heart failure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490">37–39</a> They require little space and are easy to transport and simple to perform.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">40</a>However, the literature on the effects of CR programs on field test performance is inconsistent. Conducting further trials is important and other research models would enable an integrated analysis of published results. In this context, systematically reviewing the literature makes it possible to search for and include references using defined and robust strategies, and a meta-analysis allows a mathematical model to be used to identify potential variables affecting outcome. We did not find any meta-analyses focusing on field tests and CR. As such, the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on field tests used in CR programs and to perform a meta-analysis to identify (1) the effect of CR on field test performance and (2) training variables that may influence CR effect.MethodsSearch strategy and selection of trialsTwo researchers (CFT and RRP) independently conducted a literature review in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases. Articles were selected from their date of publication up to May 2016. Doubts concerning article selection were resolved jointly by the researchers based on the proposed inclusion criteria. Medical descriptors standardized by Medical Subject Heading were used, along with terms and expressions in the title or abstract. The following inclusion criteria were taken into account: (1) articles in English, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials; (2) human subjects (men and/or women over 18 years of age); (3) diagnosis of heart disease; (4) participants in outpatient CR programs; (5) exercise capacity evaluated by means of exercise tests independently of CPET; (6) presence of training-prescription variables; (7) control group.Trials included in the systematic reviewWe initially identified 1767 articles in both databases, of which 259 were excluded because they were duplicates and 1318 were excluded after analysis of the title and abstract. After reading the remaining trials in full, 15 were used for this review (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Data extraction and quality analysisThe data on trial quality, journal impact factor, year of publication, gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), ejection fraction (EF), VO2 max, training volume, training intensity, type of training, training location, type of field test used and field test results were independently extracted by two evaluators (CFT and RRP) to a specific spreadsheet. General concordance was 0.92 using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Discordances were resolved by face-to-face discussion. The comparison of field-test values between the experimental and control groups of the trials included was the primary outcome.Trial quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, which has been reported to be valid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585">56</a> and reproducible.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590">57</a> Scoring was performed twice and any doubts were resolved jointly. Articles were not excluded based on the quality result.Statistical analysisCalculation of the effect sizeEffect size (g) was used to quantify changes in field test performance following the CR period (aerobic training or aerobic+resistance training). Effect size was defined as the standardized mean difference, corrected for bias (Hedges's g), in field test performance for the experimental and control groups. We initially calculated the paired difference (experimental mean-control mean) and the standard deviation (SD) of the paired difference (experimental SD2+control SD2-2×inter-trial correlation×experimental SD×control SD)1/2 to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD). We then determined the SMD (paired difference×(2-2×inter-trial correlation))1/2÷(paired difference of SD) and standard error (SE) of the SMD ((1/n+SMD2÷(2×n))1/2×(2-2×inter-trial correlation))1/2. Finally, the correction factor obtained with the formula 1-{3÷[4× (n total-2)-1]} was multiplied by the SMD to obtain Hedges's g. When the study reported only the SE, the SD was calculated by multiplying the SE by the square root of the sample number, n. No study provided inter-trial group data (correlation between data from the experimental and control groups), so this value was assumed to be 0.5 for all studies. Positive g values indicated increased performance compared to the control group values.The Q-statistic was calculated to determine whether the degrees of similarity among the effect sizes were significant. It was converted into a standardized measurement of heterogeneity (I2 statistic) and values of 25%, 50% and 75% indicated low, moderate or high heterogeneity, respectively. Risk of bias was analyzed by funnel plot vs. SMD. Publication bias was analyzed using Egger's non-parametric regression (two-tailed) and the method proposed by Duval and Tweedie.Subset and moderator variable analysesMeta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program (version 2.2, Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) using a random-effects model and Hedges's g correction factor. For significant heterogeneity, moderator variable analysis was used to explain the g-value variability in the outcomes. Potential moderator variables included age, gender, BMI, weight, height, baseline EF, baseline VO2, training time, weekly frequency, duration of aerobic exercise, quality of the trials (PEDro scale), journal impact factor and year of publication of the study.Subset analysis included the variables type of exercise (aerobic, aerobic+resistance), type of aerobic exercise (walking, bicycle, walking and/or bicycle), type of training (continuous, progressive), training place (home or clinic), type of disease and procedure (angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting). Any differences between subsets were analyzed by Q test based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsDescription of included trialsThe general details of the trials included are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. We identified 15 trials published between 1996 and 2016. The total sample consisted of 932 patients (701 men and 191 women). In one trial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a> with 40 participants, the number of men and women was not specified. The mean age was between 54.4 and 75.3 years. Fourteen trials used the 6MWT to assess exercise capacity and one study used the Shuttle Walk Test.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a> For the statistical analysis of subsets and moderator variables, we therefore considered only trials that used the 6MWT. Only seven studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515">42,43,45,49,52,54,55</a> used CPET in combination with field testing.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Ten trials were conducted in patients with heart failure,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41–47,52,54,55</a> two in patients following myocardial infarction,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560">51,53</a> one in patients with angina,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a> one in post-angioplasty and CABG patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550">49</a> and one in pre-operative CABG patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">50</a>CR was unsupervised in only one<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">47</a> of the 10 trials conducted in patients with heart failure. Mean training duration lasted from six<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">44</a> to 20 weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">42</a> in two,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515">42,43</a> three,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41,44–46</a> four,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565">52</a> five<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575">54,55</a> and seven<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">47</a> weekly sessions. In one study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580">55</a> patients with functional capacities less than 3 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) trained daily (5-10 minutes); those at 3-5 METs trained once or twice a day (15 minutes); and those at >5 METs trained for three to five sessions/week (20-30 minutes). All of the trials used aerobic exercises in the CR program, including walking,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41,47,55</a> Nordic walking,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575">54</a> exercise bicycle,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41–43,45,52</a> treadmill,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0520">43,45</a> stair machine,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">43</a> and arm ergometer,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">41</a> while one study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">44</a> did not specify the type of exercise. Seven trials<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41,42,46,49,50,52,55</a> used muscle-strengthening exercises, including three studies with equipment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">41,49,52</a> three with gym bands<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535">46,50,55</a> and one with circuit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">42</a> The duration of aerobic exercise ranged from 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">47</a> to 90 minutes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">44</a>Two trials<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560">51,53</a> were conducted in patients following myocardial infarction, although CR was unsupervised and the aerobic exercise was walking (four weeks, four times a week). In addition, one trial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a> was conducted in angina patients in a supervised program (circuit, once a week for eight weeks), another was conducted in post-angioplasty and CABG patients (three times a week for 12 weeks; aerobic exercises on bicycle and resistance exercises with body weight and equipment),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550">49</a> while a third<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">50</a> was conducted in pre-operative CABG patients (twice a week for 16 weeks; aerobic exercises on bicycle and walking and resistance exercises with body weight and gym bands). In general, duration of aerobic exercise ranged from 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575">54,55</a> to 80 minutes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a>Field test and meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a> shows the effect size of the 15 trials. The data were analyzed in meters, taking into account the pre- and post-test means and SDs of the control and experimental groups, as well as the number of subjects in each session. The data were found to be heterogeneous (Q=42.0; degrees of freedom=14; I2=66.7%; p<0.001). Hedges's g using the random model was 0.617 (0.373-0.86; p<0.001), which meant a 20% increase in test performance after cardiovascular rehabilitation.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the continuous variables analyzed by meta-regression. Only three variables showed significant results: duration of aerobic exercise (p=0.01), baseline VO2 max (p<0.01) and final VO2 max (p=0.01). In this context, for each 1-minute increase in duration of aerobic exercise, g increased by 0.02 in field test performance. This did not occur for baseline and final VO2 max. Instead, for each 1 ml/kg/min reduction in baseline VO2 max, g increased by 0.23, and for each 1 ml/kg/min reduction in final VO2 max, g increased by 0.08. Continuous variables, such as the intensity of aerobic and resistance training, and the number of sets and reps, were not subjected to meta-regression, since the data were presented in broad ranges, hindering meta-regression analysis and stratification for analysis by categorical variables.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows categorical variable subsets analyzed by the Q test based on ANOVA. In this group of variables, the duration of aerobic exercise was stratified into three categories (30-35 minutes, 45 minutes; >60 minutes). Duration of over 60 minutes had a significantly larger g than the 30-35 minute duration. In addition, a difference was noted in relation to the type of training; effect size was greater for progressive training than for continuous training.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>No publication bias was identified using Egger's regression (p=0.06) and the method proposed by Duval and Tweedie (K=15; Q=31.38).DiscussionThe aim of this study was to determine the effect size and the variables that influence the results of field tests used in CR programs. The results showed a predominance of 6MWT, which was used in 14 of the 15 trials. The primary outcome was a 20% increase in final vs. baseline field test performance. In addition, performance was associated with progressive aerobic exercise training, longer duration of exercise, and baseline and final VO2 max values.Aerobic exercise has been established as beneficial to patients with heart failure, through central (increased cardiac output, ventricular remodeling and modulation of the sympathetic nervous system) and peripheral mechanisms (increased peripheral muscle perfusion and increased extraction and use of oxygen).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595">58</a> In patients with preserved EF, there was an increase in VO2 max due to improved muscle and microvascular function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600">59</a> In patients with coronary artery disease, aerobic exercise slows progression and reduces the size of atherosclerotic plaques, improves endothelial function and increases left ventricular EF after myocardial infarction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605">60</a> Therefore, our results in relation to the recommendation for aerobic exercise reinforce the data in the literature. Moreover, our study found that better field test performance was obtained based on progressive aerobic exercise, rather than maintaining the same load effort throughout the training period. In this context, as long as physical and clinical conditions allow the patient to handle relatively greater effort after a training period, a gradual increase in intensity may help improve performance. However, data from the references in this study were not conclusive about the best effort intensity or the progression model, because in most of the trials these data were given in broad ranges that did not enable suitable statistical analyses.Regarding the duration of aerobic exercise, our results showed that the greatest effect occurred in direct relation to the duration of exercise. However, of the 15 trials included, nine used exercise duration of between 30 and 45 minutes; only two studies used one exceeding 60 minutes. Although our results showed that for every 1-minute increase in exercise duration, there was a 0.02 increase in g, this does not necessarily mean that extremely long exercise durations would be positive for the patient. Thus, it is hasty to assume that heart disease patients should perform aerobic exercise for more than 60 minutes. Other trials should therefore be conducted with durations greater than 60 minutes to better analyze results.Regarding VO2 max, the meta-regression showed a significant relationship between both baseline and final values and field test performance. This suggests that patients with a lower physical fitness level at the start of CR respond better than patients with a higher level. Similarly, patients with a lower fitness level at the end of the CR had a better effect size. These patients tended to have a better response in the field test after CR. In line with our findings, a meta-analysis study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610">61</a> demonstrated that baseline VO2 max was a predictor of exercise capacity after CR. In addition, the trial found that exercise intensity was another predictive variable of exercise capacity at the end of the rehabilitation program.However, some other variables did not correlate with increased performance, such as gender, height, weight and BMI. Considering that 6MWT was predominantly used and can be affected by anthropometric differences, we could assume that being taller or heavier affected performance. However, one possible reason that this assumption was not confirmed may be due to the clinical characteristics of the samples. Because we included only trials with patients and not healthy individuals, differences in height, weight and gender did not have the statistical power to influence results. However, the trials did not report separate outcomes for gender or BMI cutoff points when they were present. Therefore, even though our study did not detect a relationship between these variables and test performance, confirmation is still needed. In addition to anthropometric variables, CR duration and weekly treatment frequency did not affect final performance. This may be explained by the difficulty of analysis due to the heterogeneity of protocols regarding the type of supervision, type of aerobic exercise, and duration and intensity of training.In addition to the physiological variables or training variables, data related to journal impact factor, trial quality and year of publication were also analyzed. These analyses were included to detect bias in trials with different qualities, published in periodicals with different impact factors or published in different years. However, no relationships between these variables and the final outcome were identified.ConclusionsThe primary outcome of this systematic review with meta-analysis was increased field test performance following CR, and that a longer duration of aerobic exercise equates to better performance. These results may contribute to the prescription of CR exercise sessions.Sources of fundingThis study was partially funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development] – CNPq – Brazil (process 303566/2013-2).Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1059607" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008524" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1059608" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008525" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Search strategy and selection of trials" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Trials included in the systematic review" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Data extraction and quality analysis" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Calculation of the effect size" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Subset and moderator variable analyses" ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Description of included trials" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Field test and meta-analysis" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Sources of funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008524" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Exercise test" 1 => "Physical conditioning" 2 => "Cardiovascular physiology" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1008525" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Teste de exercício" 1 => "Condicionamento físico" 2 => "Fisiologia cardiovascular" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionThe literature concerning the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on field tests results is inconsistent. PurposeTo perform a systematic review with meta-analysis on field tests results after programs of CR. MethodsStudies published in PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 2016 were analyzed. The standard difference in means correct by bias (Hedges’ g) was used as effect size (g) to measure que amount of modifications in performance of field tests after CR period. Potential differences between subgroups were analyzed by Q-test based on ANOVA. ResultsFifteen studies published between 1996 and 2016 were included in the review, 932 patients and age ranged 54.4-75.3 years old. Fourteen studies used the six-minutes walking test to evaluate the exercise capacity and one study used the Shuttle Walk Test. The random Hedges's g was 0.617 (p<0.001), representing a drop of 20% in the performance of field test after CR. The meta-regression showed significantly association (p=0.01) to aerobic exercise duration, i.e., for each 1-min increase in aerobic exercise duration, there is a 0.02 increase in effect size for performance in the field test. ConclusionField tests can detect physical modification after CR, and the large duration of aerobic exercise during CR was associated with a better result." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "IntroduçãoA literatura mostra-se inconsistente sobre o efeito da reabilitação cardiovascular (RVC) nos resultados de testes de campo. ObjetivoFazer uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise sobre os resultados de testes de campo usados em programas de RCV. MétodosForam analisados estudos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science até maio de 2016. O tamanho do efeito (g) foi definido como a diferença média padronizada corrigida por viés (g de Hedges) e foi usado para medir a quantidade de modificações no desempenho do teste após o período de RCV. Diferenças potenciais entre os subgrupos foram testadas pelo teste Q baseado na análise de variância. ResultadosCompuseram a revisão 15 estudos publicados entre 1996 e 2016, com amostra total de 932 pacientes e idade entre 54,4 e 75,3 anos. Catorze estudos usaram o teste de caminhada de 6 min para avaliar a capacidade de exercício e um estudo usou o Shuttle Walk Test. O g de Hedges pela análise aleatória foi de 0,617 (p < 0,001), representou aumento de 20% no desempenho do teste de campo após a RCV. A metarregressão mostrou associação significativa (p = 0,01) para a duração do exercício aeróbio, ou seja, para cada aumento de 1 min na duração do exercício ocorre o aumento de 0,02 no efeito para o desempenho no teste de campo. ConclusãoTestes de campo identificam mudanças após a RCV e a maior duração do exercício aeróbio durante a RCV se associa com um melhor resultado." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Travensolo C, Goessler K, Poton R, Pinto RR, Polito MD. Medida do desempenho físico por testes de campo em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular: revisão sistemática e meta-análise. Rev Port Cardiol. 2018;37:525–537." ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3161 "Ancho" => 2830 "Tamanyo" => 366281 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flowchart of the selection process of articles included in the systematic review." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1384 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 221892 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Forest plot of the 15 trials included in the meta-analysis." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Legend: 1RM: one-repetition maximum; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CG: control group; CR: cardiovascular rehabilitation; EG: experimental group; HF: heart failure; HR: heart rate; ISWT: Incremental Shuttle Walk Test; M: men; m: meters, max: maximum; MI: myocardial infarction; min: minute(s); VO2: oxygen consumption; W: women; wk: week(s)." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author and year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Training characteristic – CR at clinic and at home \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test result \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">McKelvie et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">41</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=90 M and W (64.8 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, walking, stationary bicycle, arm ergometer, 60-70% max. HR, 30 min, resistance exercises with equipment 40-60% of 1RM, 1-3 sets, 10-15 reps, 3 times/wk, 12 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=434±66.5 m, EG final=456±71 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=91 M and W (66.1 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=monthly visits and encouragement to continue usual physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=421±75.84 m, CG final=436±70 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Jónsdóttir et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">42</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Iceland</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=21 M and W (68 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, bicycle, 50% maximum load (W), 15 min, muscle strengthening with circuit, 20-25% of 1RM, 2 times/wk, 20 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=489.3±75 m, EG final=526.4±71.9 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=22 M and W (69 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=not reported in the text \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=489.2±66.33 m, CG final=494.6±66.4 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freimark et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">43</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Israel</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=44 M and W (62 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, treadmill, stair machine and bicycle, 45 min, 60-70% of max HR, 2 times/wk, 18 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=316.0±84.5 m, EG final=443.6±83.8 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=12 M and W (61 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=not reported in the text \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=320.0±99.6 m, CG final=281.7±126.6 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">44</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">China</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=30 M and W (75.3 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, aerobic exercises 90 min, 60-80% of heart-rate reserve, 3 times/wk, 6 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=232.7±110.1 m, EG final=360.2±106.9 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=28 M and W (73.5 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=medical recommendation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=205.8±87.7 m, CG final=299.9±56.2 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brubaker et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530">45</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">USA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=30 M and W (70.4 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, treadmill or bicycle, 30-40 min, 40-70% of heart-rate reserve, 3 times/wk, 16 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=406.3±30.6 m, EG final=461.77±29.9 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=29 M and W (69.9 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=telephone calls from investigators asking about changes in drug treatment every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. They were not asked about exercising \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=375.51±39.68 m, CG final=423.06±23.8 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Gary et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535">46</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">USA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=12 M and W (59 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, 30-60 min, 50-70% heart-rate reserve, 3 times/wk, 12 wk, muscle strengthening with TheraBand, 2-3 sets, 12-15 reps \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=364.3±80 m, EG final=410.7±91.5 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=12 M and W (61 years)+24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=5 to 6 home visits in the 12-wk period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=306.6±121.3 m, CG final=309.7±135.4 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Babu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">47</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">India</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=14 M and W (56.9 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=unsupervised CR at home, walking 10-80 min, between 4 and 6 on the Modified Borg Scale, 7 times/wk, 8 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=429.33±125.15 m, EG final=514.53±135.12 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=13 M and W (58.8 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=medical recommendations at hospital discharge \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=310.23±121.11 m, CG final=357.15±147.95 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Asbury et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545">48</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">England</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Angina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ISWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=20 (65.1 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, circuit, 40-75% of heart-rate reserve, 80 min, 1 time/wk, 8 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=248.2±121.7 m, Final=305±115.8 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=20 (65.1 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=monitoring of symptoms for 8 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=222±78.4 m, Final=248.5±80 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550">49</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Taiwan</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Angioplasty and CABG  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=21 M and W (69.7 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, bicycle, 30 min, 60-80% of heart-rate reserve, 3 times/wk, 12 wk, muscle strengthening with free weights and equipment, 30 min, 40-60% of 1RM, 12-15 reps \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=354.6±63.7 m, EG final=373.3±62.4 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=15 M and W (65.1 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=drug treatment and medical appointments if needed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=329.7±47 m, CG final=323.9±146.2 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Sawatzky et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">50</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">pre-operative CABG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=8 M and W (64 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, walking and bicycle, 60 min, 85% VO2 max, muscle strengthening with body weight and TheraBand, 2 times/wk, 16 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=342±79 m, EG final=474±101 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=7 M and W (63 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=3-hour meeting with nurse and anesthesiologist, recommendations for healthy lifestyle habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=337±52 m, CG final=357±27 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Begot et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560">51</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brazil</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=41 M and W (59 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=unsupervised CR at home, walking 20-40 min, 4 times/wk, 4 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=460±106 m, EG final=536±106 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=45 M and W (57 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=General information on healthy lifestyle habits and importance of continuing the physical activity started at the hospital \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=457±73 m, CG final=487±73 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chrysohoou et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565">52</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Greece</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=33 M and W (63 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at clinic, bicycle, 45 min, 80-100% VO2, 3 times/wk, 12 wk, muscle strengthening with equipment, 30-90% of 1RM, 3 sets, 10-15 reps \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=422±77 m, EG final=476±82 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=39 M and W (56 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=usual medical treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=406±64 m, CG final=423±65 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Peixoto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570">53</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brazil</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=45 M and W (56.8 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=unsupervised CR at home, walking, 20-40 min, 4-5 on the Modified Borg Scale, 4 times/wk, 4 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=434.2±86.3 m, EG final=519.7±79.3 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=43 M and W (56 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=standard treatment and instructions to continue physical activity started during hospitalization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=439.1±78.4 m, CG final=452.1±111.2 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Piotrowicz et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575">54</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Poland</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=75 M and W (54.4 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=CR with remote clinical monitoring, Nordic walking, starting with 10 min (VO2<14 ml/kg/min); 15 min (VO2=14-20); 20 min (VO2>20) progressing to 45-60 min, 5 times/wk, 8 wk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=428±93 m, EG final=480±87 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=32 M and W (62.1 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=standard treatment and recommendations on changes in lifestyle and self-care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=439±76 m, CG final=465±91 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Safiyari-Hafizi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580">55</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG=20 M and W (57.8 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG=supervised CR at home, interval walking, 10-50 min, 80-85% peak VO2 followed by active recovery of 40-50% peak VO2, 2 times/day to 5 times/wk, 12 wk; muscle strengthening with gym bands, 10 exercises, resistance by length of band, 1-3 sets, 15 reps, 1-3/wk. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline=275±37.9 m, EG final=312.2±42.1 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG=20 M and W (58.9 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG=encouragement to practice moderate exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline=259.6±25.1 m, CG final=235.2±28.6 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1803071.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Trials included in the systematic review of the literature." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "BMI: body mass index; NS: not significant; VO2 max: maximum oxygen consumption." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of trials \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Slope \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Study quality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Impact factor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Year of publication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI (kg/m2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight (kg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.0003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Height (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Baseline ejection fraction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Baseline VO2 max (ml/kg/min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Final VO2 max (ml/kg/min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Training duration (weeks) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weekly frequency (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">-0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of aerobic exercise (minutes) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1803069.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Variables analyzed by meta-regression." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ANGIO: angioplasty; Bike: exercise bicycle; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; HF: heart failure; MI: myocardial infarction; NS: not significant." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Category \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of trials \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Effect size (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comparison (Q test based on analysis of variance) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Type of training</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Continuous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 (-0.11 to 0.65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Progressive>continuous (p=0.03)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Progressive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 (0.3 to 0.98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Type of exercise</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Walking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.66 (0.23 to 1.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bike \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.45 (-0.15 to 1.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Walking+bike \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.66 (0.13 to 1.19) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Place of training</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Home \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.74 (0.30-1.18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Outpatient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 (0.27-0.85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Disease</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.80 (0.21 to 1.40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 (-0.33 to 0.96) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANGIO/CABG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.32 (-0.42 to 1.05) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Training combination</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Aerobics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 (0.30 to 0.98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aerobics+resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 (0.24 to 1.01) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1803070.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Subset analysis by categorical variables." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:61 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cardiac rehabilitation and quality of life: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.W. 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Measurement of physical performance by field tests in programs of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Medida do desempenho físico por testes de campo em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Cristiane Travensoloa, Karla Goesslerb, Roberto Potona, Roberta Ramos Pintoa, Marcos Doederlein Politoa,

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marcospolito@uel.br

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a Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil

b Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical exercise is important in cardiovascular rehabilitation &#40;CR&#41;&#46; The physical assessment of patients before starting treatment is thus essential&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> In this respect&#44; cardiopulmonary exercise testing &#40;CPET&#41; measures several variables related to cardiorespiratory function&#44; including peak oxygen consumption &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> and is considered the gold standard for determining VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;13</span></a> However&#44; because it is complex and requires maximum effort&#44; CPET is not commonly used in clinical practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9&#44;11&#44;13&#8211;24</span></a> For example&#44; 12&#37; of patients with coronary artery disease are unable to perform the test with maximal effort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Therefore&#44; field tests have been developed to predict VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> and to identify functional limitations&#44; enabling VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> to be used more regularly in clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several field tests are used in CR&#46; The 6-minute walk test &#40;6MWT&#59; the longest distance walked in 6 minutes&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> provides firm evidence of response to clinical changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> It correlates with VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> in CPET in patients with heart failure<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;30</span></a> and is sensitive to changes in perception of disease symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Moreover&#44; the Shuttle Walk Test &#40;longest distance walked in a 10-meter corridor with gradual increase in intensity&#41; has been used in post-operative coronary artery bypass grafting &#40;CABG&#41; patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> heart failure patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> and in Chagas disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Step tests are also used in patients with respiratory diseases<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> suspected coronary obstruction<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> and in elderly patients with heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a> They require little space and are easy to transport and simple to perform&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the literature on the effects of CR programs on field test performance is inconsistent&#46; Conducting further trials is important and other research models would enable an integrated analysis of published results&#46; In this context&#44; systematically reviewing the literature makes it possible to search for and include references using defined and robust strategies&#44; and a meta-analysis allows a mathematical model to be used to identify potential variables affecting outcome&#46; We did not find any meta-analyses focusing on field tests and CR&#46; As such&#44; the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on field tests used in CR programs and to perform a meta-analysis to identify &#40;1&#41; the effect of CR on field test performance and &#40;2&#41; training variables that may influence CR effect&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Search strategy and selection of trials</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two researchers &#40;CFT and RRP&#41; independently conducted a literature review in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MEDLINE&#47;PubMed</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Web of Science</span> databases&#46; Articles were selected from their date of publication up to May 2016&#46; Doubts concerning article selection were resolved jointly by the researchers based on the proposed inclusion criteria&#46; Medical descriptors standardized by Medical Subject Heading were used&#44; along with terms and expressions in the title or abstract&#46; The following inclusion criteria were taken into account&#58; &#40;1&#41; articles in English&#44; including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials&#59; &#40;2&#41; human subjects &#40;men and&#47;or women over 18 years of age&#41;&#59; &#40;3&#41; diagnosis of heart disease&#59; &#40;4&#41; participants in outpatient CR programs&#59; &#40;5&#41; exercise capacity evaluated by means of exercise tests independently of CPET&#59; &#40;6&#41; presence of training-prescription variables&#59; &#40;7&#41; control group&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Trials included in the systematic review</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We initially identified 1767 articles in both databases&#44; of which 259 were excluded because they were duplicates and 1318 were excluded after analysis of the title and abstract&#46; After reading the remaining trials in full&#44; 15 were used for this review &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Data extraction and quality analysis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data on trial quality&#44; journal impact factor&#44; year of publication&#44; gender&#44; age&#44; weight&#44; height&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; ejection fraction &#40;EF&#41;&#44; VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#44; training volume&#44; training intensity&#44; type of training&#44; training location&#44; type of field test used and field test results were independently extracted by two evaluators &#40;CFT and RRP&#41; to a specific spreadsheet&#46; General concordance was 0&#46;92 using Cohen&#39;s kappa coefficient&#46; Discordances were resolved by face-to-face discussion&#46; The comparison of field-test values between the experimental and control groups of the trials included was the primary outcome&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trial quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database &#40;PEDro&#41; scale&#44; which has been reported to be valid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> and reproducible&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> Scoring was performed twice and any doubts were resolved jointly&#46; Articles were not excluded based on the quality result&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Calculation of the effect size</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Effect size &#40;g&#41; was used to quantify changes in field test performance following the CR period &#40;aerobic training or aerobic&#43;resistance training&#41;&#46; Effect size was defined as the standardized mean difference&#44; corrected for bias &#40;Hedges&#39;s g&#41;&#44; in field test performance for the experimental and control groups&#46; We initially calculated the paired difference &#40;experimental mean-control mean&#41; and the standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; of the paired difference &#40;experimental SD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#43;control SD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>-2&#215;inter-trial correlation&#215;experimental SD&#215;control SD&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span> to determine the standardized mean difference &#40;SMD&#41;&#46; We then determined the SMD &#40;paired difference&#215;&#40;2-2&#215;inter-trial correlation&#41;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span>&#247;&#40;paired difference of SD&#41; and standard error &#40;SE&#41; of the SMD &#40;&#40;1&#47;n&#43;SMD<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#247;&#40;2&#215;n&#41;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span>&#215;&#40;2-2&#215;inter-trial correlation&#41;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#47;2</span>&#46; Finally&#44; the correction factor obtained with the formula 1-&#123;3&#247;&#91;4&#215; &#40;n total-2&#41;-1&#93;&#125; was multiplied by the SMD to obtain Hedges&#39;s g&#46; When the study reported only the SE&#44; the SD was calculated by multiplying the SE by the square root of the sample number&#44; n&#46; No study provided inter-trial group data &#40;correlation between data from the experimental and control groups&#41;&#44; so this value was assumed to be 0&#46;5 for all studies&#46; Positive g values indicated increased performance compared to the control group values&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Q-statistic was calculated to determine whether the degrees of similarity among the effect sizes were significant&#46; It was converted into a standardized measurement of heterogeneity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> statistic&#41; and values of 25&#37;&#44; 50&#37; and 75&#37; indicated low&#44; moderate or high heterogeneity&#44; respectively&#46; Risk of bias was analyzed by funnel plot vs&#46; SMD&#46; Publication bias was analyzed using Egger&#39;s non-parametric regression &#40;two-tailed&#41; and the method proposed by Duval and Tweedie&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Subset and moderator variable analyses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program &#40;version 2&#46;2&#44; Biostat Inc&#46;&#44; Englewood&#44; NJ&#44; USA&#41; using a random-effects model and Hedges&#39;s g correction factor&#46; For significant heterogeneity&#44; moderator variable analysis was used to explain the g-value variability in the outcomes&#46; Potential moderator variables included age&#44; gender&#44; BMI&#44; weight&#44; height&#44; baseline EF&#44; baseline VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; training time&#44; weekly frequency&#44; duration of aerobic exercise&#44; quality of the trials &#40;PEDro scale&#41;&#44; journal impact factor and year of publication of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subset analysis included the variables type of exercise &#40;aerobic&#44; aerobic&#43;resistance&#41;&#44; type of aerobic exercise &#40;walking&#44; bicycle&#44; walking and&#47;or bicycle&#41;&#44; type of training &#40;continuous&#44; progressive&#41;&#44; training place &#40;home or clinic&#41;&#44; type of disease and procedure &#40;angina&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; heart failure&#44; angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting&#41;&#46; Any differences between subsets were analyzed by Q test based on the analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Results</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Description of included trials</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The general details of the trials included are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; We identified 15 trials published between 1996 and 2016&#46; The total sample consisted of 932 patients &#40;701 men and 191 women&#41;&#46; In one trial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> with 40 participants&#44; the number of men and women was not specified&#46; The mean age was between 54&#46;4 and 75&#46;3 years&#46; Fourteen trials used the 6MWT to assess exercise capacity and one study used the Shuttle Walk Test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> For the statistical analysis of subsets and moderator variables&#44; we therefore considered only trials that used the 6MWT&#46; Only seven studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43&#44;45&#44;49&#44;52&#44;54&#44;55</span></a> used CPET in combination with field testing&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ten trials were conducted in patients with heart failure&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;47&#44;52&#44;54&#44;55</span></a> two in patients following myocardial infarction&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#44;53</span></a> one in patients with angina&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> one in post-angioplasty and CABG patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> and one in pre-operative CABG patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CR was unsupervised in only one<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> of the 10 trials conducted in patients with heart failure&#46; Mean training duration lasted from six<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> to 20 weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> in two&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a> three&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;44&#8211;46</span></a> four&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> five<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> and seven<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> weekly sessions&#46; In one study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> patients with functional capacities less than 3 metabolic equivalent of tasks &#40;METs&#41; trained daily &#40;5-10 minutes&#41;&#59; those at 3-5 METs trained once or twice a day &#40;15 minutes&#41;&#59; and those at &#62;5 METs trained for three to five sessions&#47;week &#40;20-30 minutes&#41;&#46; All of the trials used aerobic exercises in the CR program&#44; including walking&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;47&#44;55</span></a> Nordic walking&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> exercise bicycle&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;43&#44;45&#44;52</span></a> treadmill&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;45</span></a> stair machine&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> and arm ergometer&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> while one study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> did not specify the type of exercise&#46; Seven trials<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42&#44;46&#44;49&#44;50&#44;52&#44;55</span></a> used muscle-strengthening exercises&#44; including three studies with equipment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;49&#44;52</span></a> three with gym bands<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;50&#44;55</span></a> and one with circuit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> The duration of aerobic exercise ranged from 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> to 90 minutes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two trials<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#44;53</span></a> were conducted in patients following myocardial infarction&#44; although CR was unsupervised and the aerobic exercise was walking &#40;four weeks&#44; four times a week&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; one trial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> was conducted in angina patients in a supervised program &#40;circuit&#44; once a week for eight weeks&#41;&#44; another was conducted in post-angioplasty and CABG patients &#40;three times a week for 12 weeks&#59; aerobic exercises on bicycle and resistance exercises with body weight and equipment&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> while a third<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> was conducted in pre-operative CABG patients &#40;twice a week for 16 weeks&#59; aerobic exercises on bicycle and walking and resistance exercises with body weight and gym bands&#41;&#46; In general&#44; duration of aerobic exercise ranged from 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> to 80 minutes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Field test and meta-analysis</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a> shows the effect size of the 15 trials&#46; The data were analyzed in meters&#44; taking into account the pre- and post-test means and SDs of the control and experimental groups&#44; as well as the number of subjects in each session&#46; The data were found to be heterogeneous &#40;Q&#61;42&#46;0&#59; degrees of freedom&#61;14&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#61;66&#46;7&#37;&#59; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Hedges&#39;s g using the random model was 0&#46;617 &#40;0&#46;373-0&#46;86&#59; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; which meant a 20&#37; increase in test performance after cardiovascular rehabilitation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the continuous variables analyzed by meta-regression&#46; Only three variables showed significant results&#58; duration of aerobic exercise &#40;p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#44; baseline VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> &#40;p&#60;0&#46;01&#41; and final VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> &#40;p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#46; In this context&#44; for each 1-minute increase in duration of aerobic exercise&#44; g increased by 0&#46;02 in field test performance&#46; This did not occur for baseline and final VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#46; Instead&#44; for each 1 ml&#47;kg&#47;min reduction in baseline VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#44; g increased by 0&#46;23&#44; and for each 1 ml&#47;kg&#47;min reduction in final VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#44; g increased by 0&#46;08&#46; Continuous variables&#44; such as the intensity of aerobic and resistance training&#44; and the number of sets and reps&#44; were not subjected to meta-regression&#44; since the data were presented in broad ranges&#44; hindering meta-regression analysis and stratification for analysis by categorical variables&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows categorical variable subsets analyzed by the Q test based on ANOVA&#46; In this group of variables&#44; the duration of aerobic exercise was stratified into three categories &#40;30-35 minutes&#44; 45 minutes&#59; &#62;60 minutes&#41;&#46; Duration of over 60 minutes had a significantly larger g than the 30-35 minute duration&#46; In addition&#44; a difference was noted in relation to the type of training&#59; effect size was greater for progressive training than for continuous training&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No publication bias was identified using Egger&#39;s regression &#40;p&#61;0&#46;06&#41; and the method proposed by Duval and Tweedie &#40;K&#61;15&#59; Q&#61;31&#46;38&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to determine the effect size and the variables that influence the results of field tests used in CR programs&#46; The results showed a predominance of 6MWT&#44; which was used in 14 of the 15 trials&#46; The primary outcome was a 20&#37; increase in final vs&#46; baseline field test performance&#46; In addition&#44; performance was associated with progressive aerobic exercise training&#44; longer duration of exercise&#44; and baseline and final VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> values&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aerobic exercise has been established as beneficial to patients with heart failure&#44; through central &#40;increased cardiac output&#44; ventricular remodeling and modulation of the sympathetic nervous system&#41; and peripheral mechanisms &#40;increased peripheral muscle perfusion and increased extraction and use of oxygen&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a> In patients with preserved EF&#44; there was an increase in VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> due to improved muscle and microvascular function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> In patients with coronary artery disease&#44; aerobic exercise slows progression and reduces the size of atherosclerotic plaques&#44; improves endothelial function and increases left ventricular EF after myocardial infarction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a> Therefore&#44; our results in relation to the recommendation for aerobic exercise reinforce the data in the literature&#46; Moreover&#44; our study found that better field test performance was obtained based on progressive aerobic exercise&#44; rather than maintaining the same load effort throughout the training period&#46; In this context&#44; as long as physical and clinical conditions allow the patient to handle relatively greater effort after a training period&#44; a gradual increase in intensity may help improve performance&#46; However&#44; data from the references in this study were not conclusive about the best effort intensity or the progression model&#44; because in most of the trials these data were given in broad ranges that did not enable suitable statistical analyses&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the duration of aerobic exercise&#44; our results showed that the greatest effect occurred in direct relation to the duration of exercise&#46; However&#44; of the 15 trials included&#44; nine used exercise duration of between 30 and 45 minutes&#59; only two studies used one exceeding 60 minutes&#46; Although our results showed that for every 1-minute increase in exercise duration&#44; there was a 0&#46;02 increase in g&#44; this does not necessarily mean that extremely long exercise durations would be positive for the patient&#46; Thus&#44; it is hasty to assume that heart disease patients should perform aerobic exercise for more than 60 minutes&#46; Other trials should therefore be conducted with durations greater than 60 minutes to better analyze results&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#44; the meta-regression showed a significant relationship between both baseline and final values and field test performance&#46; This suggests that patients with a lower physical fitness level at the start of CR respond better than patients with a higher level&#46; Similarly&#44; patients with a lower fitness level at the end of the CR had a better effect size&#46; These patients tended to have a better response in the field test after CR&#46; In line with our findings&#44; a meta-analysis study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> demonstrated that baseline VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> was a predictor of exercise capacity after CR&#46; In addition&#44; the trial found that exercise intensity was another predictive variable of exercise capacity at the end of the rehabilitation program&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; some other variables did not correlate with increased performance&#44; such as gender&#44; height&#44; weight and BMI&#46; Considering that 6MWT was predominantly used and can be affected by anthropometric differences&#44; we could assume that being taller or heavier affected performance&#46; However&#44; one possible reason that this assumption was not confirmed may be due to the clinical characteristics of the samples&#46; Because we included only trials with patients and not healthy individuals&#44; differences in height&#44; weight and gender did not have the statistical power to influence results&#46; However&#44; the trials did not report separate outcomes for gender or BMI cutoff points when they were present&#46; Therefore&#44; even though our study did not detect a relationship between these variables and test performance&#44; confirmation is still needed&#46; In addition to anthropometric variables&#44; CR duration and weekly treatment frequency did not affect final performance&#46; This may be explained by the difficulty of analysis due to the heterogeneity of protocols regarding the type of supervision&#44; type of aerobic exercise&#44; and duration and intensity of training&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the physiological variables or training variables&#44; data related to journal impact factor&#44; trial quality and year of publication were also analyzed&#46; These analyses were included to detect bias in trials with different qualities&#44; published in periodicals with different impact factors or published in different years&#46; However&#44; no relationships between these variables and the final outcome were identified&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conclusions</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary outcome of this systematic review with meta-analysis was increased field test performance following CR&#44; and that a longer duration of aerobic exercise equates to better performance&#46; These results may contribute to the prescription of CR exercise sessions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Sources of funding</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was partially funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#91;Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development&#93; &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">CNPq</span> &#8211; Brazil &#40;process 303566&#47;2013-2&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The literature concerning the effects of cardiac rehabilitation &#40;CR&#41; on field tests results is inconsistent&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Purpose</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis on field tests results after programs of CR&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies published in PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 2016 were analyzed&#46; The standard difference in means correct by bias &#40;Hedges&#8217; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#41; was used as effect size &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#41; to measure que amount of modifications in performance of field tests after CR period&#46; Potential differences between subgroups were analyzed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q-test</span> based on ANOVA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fifteen studies published between 1996 and 2016 were included in the review&#44; 932 patients and age ranged 54&#46;4-75&#46;3 years old&#46; Fourteen studies used the six-minutes walking test to evaluate the exercise capacity and one study used the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shuttle Walk Test</span>&#46; The random Hedges&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> was 0&#46;617 &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; representing a drop of 20&#37; in the performance of field test after CR&#46; The meta-regression showed significantly association &#40;p&#61;0&#46;01&#41; to aerobic exercise duration&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; for each 1-min increase in aerobic exercise duration&#44; there is a 0&#46;02 increase in effect size for performance in the field test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Field tests can detect physical modification after CR&#44; and the large duration of aerobic exercise during CR was associated with a better result&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A literatura mostra-se inconsistente sobre o efeito da reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular &#40;RVC&#41; nos resultados de testes de campo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fazer uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica com meta-an&#225;lise sobre os resultados de testes de campo usados em programas de RCV&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados estudos publicados nas bases de dados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Web of Science</span> at&#233; maio de 2016&#46; O tamanho do efeito &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#41; foi definido como a diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada corrigida por vi&#233;s &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> de Hedges&#41; e foi usado para medir a quantidade de modifica&#231;&#245;es no desempenho do teste ap&#243;s o per&#237;odo de RCV&#46; Diferen&#231;as potenciais entre os subgrupos foram testadas pelo teste Q baseado na an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compuseram a revis&#227;o 15 estudos publicados entre 1996 e 2016&#44; com amostra total de 932 pacientes e idade entre 54&#44;4 e 75&#44;3 anos&#46; Catorze estudos usaram o teste de caminhada de 6 min para avaliar a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e um estudo usou o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shuttle Walk Test</span>&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> de Hedges pela an&#225;lise aleat&#243;ria foi de 0&#44;617 &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; representou aumento de 20&#37; no desempenho do teste de campo ap&#243;s a RCV&#46; A metarregress&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o significativa &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; para a dura&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio&#44; ou seja&#44; para cada aumento de 1 min na dura&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio ocorre o aumento de 0&#44;02 no efeito para o desempenho no teste de campo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Testes de campo identificam mudan&#231;as ap&#243;s a RCV e a maior dura&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio durante a RCV se associa com um melhor resultado&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Introdu&#231;&#227;o"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
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      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Travensolo C&#44; Goessler K&#44; Poton R&#44; Pinto RR&#44; Polito MD&#46; Medida do desempenho f&#237;sico por testes de campo em programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular&#58; revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e meta-an&#225;lise&#46; Rev Port Cardiol&#46; 2018&#59;37&#58;525&#8211;537&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart of the selection process of articles included in the systematic review&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forest plot of the 15 trials included in the meta-analysis&#46;</p>"
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      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Legend&#58; 1RM&#58; one-repetition maximum&#59; 6MWT&#58; 6-minute walk test&#59; CABG&#58; coronary artery bypass grafting&#59; CG&#58; control group&#59; CR&#58; cardiovascular rehabilitation&#59; EG&#58; experimental group&#59; HF&#58; heart failure&#59; HR&#58; heart rate&#59; ISWT&#58; Incremental Shuttle Walk Test&#59; M&#58; men&#59; m&#58; meters&#44; max&#58; maximum&#59; MI&#58; myocardial infarction&#59; min&#58; minute&#40;s&#41;&#59; VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; oxygen consumption&#59; W&#58; women&#59; wk&#58; week&#40;s&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author and year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Training characteristic &#8211; CR at clinic and at home&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test result&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">McKelvie et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;90 M and W &#40;64&#46;8 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; walking&#44; stationary bicycle&#44; arm ergometer&#44; 60-70&#37; max&#46; HR&#44; 30 min&#44; resistance exercises with equipment 40-60&#37; of 1RM&#44; 1-3 sets&#44; 10-15 reps&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 12 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;434&#177;66&#46;5 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;456&#177;71 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;91 M and W &#40;66&#46;1 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;monthly visits and encouragement to continue usual physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;421&#177;75&#46;84 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;436&#177;70 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">J&#243;nsd&#243;ttir et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Iceland</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;21 M and W &#40;68 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; bicycle&#44; 50&#37; maximum load &#40;W&#41;&#44; 15 min&#44; muscle strengthening with circuit&#44; 20-25&#37; of 1RM&#44; 2 times&#47;wk&#44; 20 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;489&#46;3&#177;75 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;526&#46;4&#177;71&#46;9 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;22 M and W &#40;69 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;not reported in the text&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;489&#46;2&#177;66&#46;33 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;494&#46;6&#177;66&#46;4 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freimark et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Israel</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;44 M and W &#40;62 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; treadmill&#44; stair machine and bicycle&#44; 45 min&#44; 60-70&#37; of max HR&#44; 2 times&#47;wk&#44; 18 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;316&#46;0&#177;84&#46;5 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;443&#46;6&#177;83&#46;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;12 M and W &#40;61 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;not reported in the text&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;320&#46;0&#177;99&#46;6 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;281&#46;7&#177;126&#46;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">China</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;30 M and W &#40;75&#46;3 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; aerobic exercises 90 min&#44; 60-80&#37; of heart-rate reserve&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 6 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;232&#46;7&#177;110&#46;1 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;360&#46;2&#177;106&#46;9 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;28 M and W &#40;73&#46;5 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;medical recommendation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;205&#46;8&#177;87&#46;7 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;299&#46;9&#177;56&#46;2 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brubaker et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">USA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;30 M and W &#40;70&#46;4 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; treadmill or bicycle&#44; 30-40 min&#44; 40-70&#37; of heart-rate reserve&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 16 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;406&#46;3&#177;30&#46;6 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;461&#46;77&#177;29&#46;9 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;29 M and W &#40;69&#46;9 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;telephone calls from investigators asking about changes in drug treatment every 2 weeks for 16 weeks&#46; They were not asked about exercising&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;375&#46;51&#177;39&#46;68 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;423&#46;06&#177;23&#46;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Gary et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">USA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;12 M and W &#40;59 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; 30-60 min&#44; 50-70&#37; heart-rate reserve&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 12 wk&#44; muscle strengthening with TheraBand&#44; 2-3 sets&#44; 12-15 reps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;364&#46;3&#177;80 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;410&#46;7&#177;91&#46;5 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;12 M and W &#40;61 years&#41;&#43;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;5 to 6 home visits in the 12-wk period&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;306&#46;6&#177;121&#46;3 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;309&#46;7&#177;135&#46;4 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Babu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">India</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;14 M and W &#40;56&#46;9 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;unsupervised CR at home&#44; walking 10-80 min&#44; between 4 and 6 on the Modified Borg Scale&#44; 7 times&#47;wk&#44; 8 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;429&#46;33&#177;125&#46;15 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;514&#46;53&#177;135&#46;12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;13 M and W &#40;58&#46;8 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;medical recommendations at hospital discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;310&#46;23&#177;121&#46;11 m&#44; CG final&#61;357&#46;15&#177;147&#46;95 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Asbury et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">England</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Angina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ISWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;20 &#40;65&#46;1 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; circuit&#44; 40-75&#37; of heart-rate reserve&#44; 80 min&#44; 1 time&#47;wk&#44; 8 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;248&#46;2&#177;121&#46;7 m&#44;<br>Final&#61;305&#177;115&#46;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;20 &#40;65&#46;1 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;monitoring of symptoms for 8 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;222&#177;78&#46;4 m&#44;<br>Final&#61;248&#46;5&#177;80 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Taiwan</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Angioplasty and CABG<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;21 M and W &#40;69&#46;7 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; bicycle&#44; 30 min&#44; 60-80&#37; of heart-rate reserve&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 12 wk&#44; muscle strengthening with free weights and equipment&#44; 30 min&#44; 40-60&#37; of 1RM&#44; 12-15 reps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;354&#46;6&#177;63&#46;7 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;373&#46;3&#177;62&#46;4 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;15 M and W &#40;65&#46;1 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;drug treatment and medical appointments if needed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;329&#46;7&#177;47 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;323&#46;9&#177;146&#46;2 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Sawatzky et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">pre-operative CABG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;8 M and W &#40;64 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; walking and bicycle&#44; 60 min&#44; 85&#37; VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#44; muscle strengthening with body weight and TheraBand&#44; 2 times&#47;wk&#44; 16 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;342&#177;79 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;474&#177;101 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;7 M and W &#40;63 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;3-hour meeting with nurse and anesthesiologist&#44; recommendations for healthy lifestyle habits&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;337&#177;52 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;357&#177;27 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Begot et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brazil</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;41 M and W &#40;59 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;unsupervised CR at home&#44; walking 20-40 min&#44; 4 times&#47;wk&#44; 4 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;460&#177;106 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;536&#177;106 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;45 M and W &#40;57 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;General information on healthy lifestyle habits and importance of continuing the physical activity started at the hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;457&#177;73 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;487&#177;73 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Chrysohoou et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Greece</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;33 M and W &#40;63 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at clinic&#44; bicycle&#44; 45 min&#44; 80-100&#37; VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; 3 times&#47;wk&#44; 12 wk&#44; muscle strengthening with equipment&#44; 30-90&#37; of 1RM&#44; 3 sets&#44; 10-15 reps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;422&#177;77 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;476&#177;82 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;39 M and W &#40;56 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;usual medical treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;406&#177;64 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;423&#177;65 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Peixoto et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Brazil</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;45 M and W &#40;56&#46;8 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;unsupervised CR at home&#44; walking&#44; 20-40 min&#44; 4-5 on the Modified Borg Scale&#44; 4 times&#47;wk&#44; 4 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;434&#46;2&#177;86&#46;3 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;519&#46;7&#177;79&#46;3 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;43 M and W &#40;56 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;standard treatment and instructions to continue physical activity started during hospitalization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;439&#46;1&#177;78&#46;4 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;452&#46;1&#177;111&#46;2 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Piotrowicz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Poland</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;75 M and W &#40;54&#46;4 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;CR with remote clinical monitoring&#44; Nordic walking&#44; starting with 10 min &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#60;14 ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41;&#59; 15 min &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#61;14-20&#41;&#59; 20 min &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#62;20&#41; progressing to 45-60 min&#44; 5 times&#47;wk&#44; 8 wk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;428&#177;93 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;480&#177;87 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;32 M and W &#40;62&#46;1 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;standard treatment and recommendations on changes in lifestyle and self-care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;439&#177;76 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;465&#177;91 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Safiyari-Hafizi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Canada</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6MWT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;20 M and W &#40;57&#46;8 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG&#61;supervised CR at home&#44; interval walking&#44; 10-50 min&#44; 80-85&#37; peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> followed by active recovery of 40-50&#37; peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; 2 times&#47;day to 5 times&#47;wk&#44; 12 wk&#59; muscle strengthening with gym bands&#44; 10 exercises&#44; resistance by length of band&#44; 1-3 sets&#44; 15 reps&#44; 1-3&#47;wk&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EG baseline&#61;275&#177;37&#46;9 m&#44;<br>EG final&#61;312&#46;2&#177;42&#46;1 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;20 M and W &#40;58&#46;9 years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG&#61;encouragement to practice moderate exercise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CG baseline&#61;259&#46;6&#177;25&#46;1 m&#44;<br>CG final&#61;235&#46;2&#177;28&#46;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; NS&#58; not significant&#59; VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span>&#58; maximum oxygen consumption&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of trials&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Slope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Study quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Impact factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Year of publication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;0003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Height &#40;m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Baseline ejection fraction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Baseline VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> &#40;ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Final VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2 max</span> &#40;ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Training duration &#40;weeks&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weekly frequency &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">-0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of aerobic exercise &#40;minutes&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95&#37; CI&#58; 95&#37; confidence interval&#59; ANGIO&#58; angioplasty&#59; Bike&#58; exercise bicycle&#59; CABG&#58; coronary artery bypass grafting&#59; HF&#58; heart failure&#59; MI&#58; myocardial infarction&#59; NS&#58; not significant&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Category&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of trials&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Effect size &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comparison &#40;Q test based on analysis of variance&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Type of training</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Continuous&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27 &#40;-0&#46;11 to 0&#46;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Progressive&#62;continuous &#40;p&#61;0&#46;03&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Progressive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64 &#40;0&#46;3 to 0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Type of exercise</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Walking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66 &#40;0&#46;23 to 1&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bike&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;45 &#40;-0&#46;15 to 1&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Walking&#43;bike&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66 &#40;0&#46;13 to 1&#46;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Place of training</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Home&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74 &#40;0&#46;30-1&#46;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Outpatient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56 &#40;0&#46;27-0&#46;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Disease</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80 &#40;0&#46;21 to 1&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64 &#40;-0&#46;33 to 0&#46;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANGIO&#47;CABG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32 &#40;-0&#46;42 to 1&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Training combination</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Aerobics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64 &#40;0&#46;30 to 0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aerobics&#43;resistance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;62 &#40;0&#46;24 to 1&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Subset analysis by categorical variables&#46;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:61 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac rehabilitation and quality of life&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;W&#46; Shepherd"
                            1 => "A&#46;E&#46; While"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.019"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Nurs Stud"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "755"
                        "paginaFinal" => "771"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22197653"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "South American guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;H&#46; Herdy"
                            1 => "F&#46; L&#243;pez-Jim&#233;nez"
                            2 => "C&#46;P&#46; Terzic"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.5935/abc.2014S006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594284"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204918301338?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]

Article information

ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2017.07.007

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	14	8	22
2024 October	43	42	85
2024 September	33	27	60
2024 August	45	38	83
2024 July	36	35	71
2024 June	30	34	64
2024 May	40	26	66
2024 April	42	30	72
2024 March	28	29	57
2024 February	40	38	78
2024 January	28	30	58
2023 December	27	41	68
2023 November	69	27	96
2023 October	50	22	72
2023 September	29	19	48
2023 August	34	34	68
2023 July	24	41	65
2023 June	35	32	67
2023 May	61	30	91
2023 April	45	7	52
2023 March	75	20	95
2023 February	72	19	91
2023 January	34	18	52
2022 December	107	47	154
2022 November	92	41	133
2022 October	100	23	123
2022 September	49	50	99
2022 August	40	28	68
2022 July	45	43	88
2022 June	39	35	74
2022 May	33	32	65
2022 April	42	39	81
2022 March	38	42	80
2022 February	34	31	65
2022 January	36	32	68
2021 December	38	28	66
2021 November	42	43	85
2021 October	26	40	66
2021 September	27	25	52
2021 August	38	32	70
2021 July	31	31	62
2021 June	38	18	56
2021 May	38	40	78
2021 April	37	59	96
2021 March	61	25	86
2021 February	84	34	118
2021 January	44	17	61
2020 December	50	16	66
2020 November	39	21	60
2020 October	33	13	46
2020 September	86	15	101
2020 August	38	13	51
2020 July	54	15	69
2020 June	60	22	82
2020 May	65	34	99
2020 April	50	18	68
2020 March	55	15	70
2020 February	99	36	135
2020 January	48	7	55
2019 December	48	16	64
2019 November	31	12	43
2019 October	44	24	68
2019 September	33	18	51
2019 August	45	12	57
2019 July	49	20	69
2019 June	32	19	51
2019 May	31	10	41
2019 April	27	13	40
2019 March	40	14	54
2019 February	41	8	49
2019 January	42	10	52
2018 December	31	9	40
2018 November	145	16	161
2018 October	401	22	423
2018 September	85	32	117
2018 August	55	33	88
2018 July	70	25	95
2018 June	42	18	60

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