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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; are rare and very often diagnosed in asymptomatic patients during computed tomography performed for other purposes&#46; These anomalies can have significant clinical implications&#44; for example if electrophysiology procedures are needed&#46; Diagnostic and ablation procedures are difficult since catheter manipulation and positioning are more complex&#46; We present here a case of successful atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia &#40;AVNRT&#41; ablation in a patient with unexpected IVC agenesis&#44; using an azygos route&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 62-year-old woman was referred to our center for an electrophysiological study &#40;EPS&#41; and catheter ablation of a documented narrow QRS complex tachycardia&#46; Written informed consent was obtained&#46; Antiarrhythmic drugs were discontinued for more than five half-lives before the study&#46; The initial ECG showed sinus rhythm with a normal PR interval and no delta waves&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 6F quadripolar catheter and a 6F quadripolar deflectable diagnostic catheter &#40;Xtrem&#44; ELA Medical&#41; were inserted via the right femoral vein and advanced through the IVC&#46; When the catheters reached the cardiac silhouette&#44; only far-field electrical activity could be recorded&#46; The catheters were advanced further and eventually reached the right atrium via the superior vena cava &#40;SVC&#41; after making a loop outside the cardiac silhouette&#46; The catheter routes suggested the absence of an IVC and the presence of an azygos vein joining the SVC&#46; This diagnosis was confirmed by failure to advance the catheters retrogradely from the right atrium to the IVC&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The catheters were then positioned in the His bundle and the coronary sinus&#44; and a 4 mm tip standard radiofrequency ablation catheter &#40;Cordis Webster&#44; Baldwin Park&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; was successfully advanced through the azygos vein and positioned in the atria&#46; Dual atrioventricular node conduction was exhibited and a supraventricular tachycardia compatible with AVNRT was reproducibly induced&#46; The ablation catheter was then positioned in the posterior part of the triangle of Koch &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41; and two 90 s radiofrequency lesions were performed &#40;60&#176;&#44; 30 W&#41;&#46; A stable junctional rhythm developed during the second energy application&#44; and after ablation&#44; no tachycardia could be induced at baseline or after isoproterenol infusion&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A computed tomography scan was performed after the procedure to better understand the patient&#39;s venous anatomy&#46; Suprarenal IVC agenesis was confirmed and the infrarenal IVC continued as the azygos vein and joined the SVC at its normal location within the right paratracheal space&#46; The hepatic veins drained directly into the right atrium&#46; The patient was discharged from the hospital the following day without any medication and remained free of symptoms during a 12-month follow-up&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the eighth week of gestation the normal adult inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; is complete&#46; The development of the IVC is a complex process resulting from anastomoses between three pairs of embryonic veins that appear and regress&#58; the posterior cardinal veins&#44; the subcardinal veins&#44; and the supracardinal veins&#46; The final adult IVC is formed of four segments&#58; hepatic &#40;from the vitelline vein&#41;&#59; suprarenal &#40;from the subcardinal-hepatic anastomosis&#41;&#59; renal &#40;from the right supracardinal-subcardinal anastomosis&#41;&#59; and infrarenal &#40;from the right supracardinal vein&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Several anomalies of the IVC can occur&#58; &#40;1&#41; left IVC results from the regression of the right supracardinal vein and persistence of the left supracardinal vein&#46; This variant occurs in 0&#46;2-0&#46;5&#37; of the population and may be misdiagnosed as left para-aortic lymphadenopathy&#59; &#40;2&#41; double IVC results from the persistence of the right and left supracardinal veins&#46; It is one of the most common anomalies of the IVC&#44; affecting 1-3&#37; of the population&#46; Usually&#44; the left IVC ends at the level of the left renal vein and crosses over behind the aorta to drain into the right IVC&#59; &#40;3&#41; azygos and hemiazygos continuation of the IVC is related to regression of the vitelline vein&#44; which constitutes the hepatic segment of the IVC&#46; Its prevalence is 0&#46;6&#37; of the population&#46; In this case&#44; the IVC ends above the renal veins and venous blood flows directly into the azygos or hemiazygos veins&#46; The azygos vein then drains into the superior vena cava and finally into the right atrium&#46; Independently&#44; the hepatic veins empty directly into the right atrium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> These anomalies may be isolated or associated with other congenital diseases such as polysplenia&#44; dextrocardia&#44; single ventricle or atrium&#44; and cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart disease&#46; For patients with isolated interruption of the IVC and no clinical manifestations&#44; no treatment is needed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this report&#44; we describe a case of successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of AVNRT in a patient with interruption of the IVC and azygos continuation&#46; In the presence of such an anomaly&#44; access to the right atrium by a femoral approach is still possible&#44; through the azygos vein and the superior vena cava&#46; As a result&#44; manipulation and positioning of the catheters may more difficult due to the longer and more tortuous course of the catheters&#44; but access to the different cardiac structures is achievable&#44; allowing mapping and ablation of different supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias&#46; However&#44; this approach is often associated with increased fluoroscopy radiation exposure and may cause patient discomfort&#44; the catheter frequently being caught in the azygos vein&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> There are a few reported cases of ablation of arrhythmias in patients with IVC interruption&#44; including AVNRT&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> accessory pathways&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> common atrial flutter&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> atrial fibrillation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and right ventricular ectopies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Other routes have been described in the literature to access cardiac structures in patients with interruption of the IVC&#44; including a superior approach via the jugular or subclavian vein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> or a percutaneous transhepatic venous approach&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Electroanatomical mapping systems may also help to perform ablations safely in such patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interruption of the IVC is uncommon but may be encountered during electrophysiology procedures&#46; Ablation of cardiac arrhythmias&#44; including AVNRT as shown in this case&#44; can be safely performed using an azygos route through the femoral approach&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; are rare and very often diagnosed in asymptomatic patients during computed tomography performed for other purposes&#46; These anomalies can have significant clinical implications&#44; for example if electrophysiology procedures are needed&#46; Diagnostic and ablation procedures are difficult since catheter manipulation and positioning are more complex&#46; We present here a case of successful atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation in a patient with unexpected IVC agenesis&#44; using an azygos route&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As anomalias cong&#233;nitas da veia cava inferior s&#227;o raras e s&#227;o&#44; muitas vezes&#44; diagnosticadas em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos como achados de tomografia computorizada realizada com outros objetivos&#46; Estas anomalias podem ter implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas importantes&#44; nomeadamente quando est&#227;o programados estudos eletrofisiol&#243;gicos&#46; Os procedimentos de diagn&#243;stico e de abla&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o dif&#237;ceis&#44; uma vez que o manuseamento e posicionamento do cateter &#233; mais complexo&#46; Apresentamos o caso bem-sucedido de uma abla&#231;&#227;o de taquicardia por reentrada nodal auriculoventricular num doente com agenesia da veia cava inferior&#44; utilizando uma via trans-&#225;zigos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopic images in &#40;A&#41; anteroposterior &#40;AP&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; left anterior oblique &#40;LAO&#41; at 35&#176;&#44; and &#40;C&#41; right anterior oblique &#40;RAO&#41; at 30&#176; views&#44; showing the positioning of the His &#40;arrow&#41;&#44; coronary sinus &#40;star&#41; and ablation &#40;arrowhead&#41; catheters&#46; Three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained after the procedure&#44; showing suprarenal inferior vena cava agenesis&#44; draining into the superior vena cava &#40;blue&#41;&#44; hepatic veins &#40;green&#41;&#44; heart &#40;gold&#41; and kidneys &#40;purple&#41;&#44; in AP&#44; LAO and RAO views &#40;D&#44; E and F&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Case report
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation and inferior vena cava agenesis
Ablação de taquicardia por reentrada nodal auriculoventricular e agenesia da veia cava inferior
Vincent Galanda,b,c, Dominique Pavina,b,c, Nathalie Behara,b,c, Philippe Maboa,b,c, Raphaël P. Martinsa,b,c,
Corresponding author
raphael.martins@chu-rennes.fr

Corresponding author.
a CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes F-35000, France
b Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France
c INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopic images in &#40;A&#41; anteroposterior &#40;AP&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; left anterior oblique &#40;LAO&#41; at 35&#176;&#44; and &#40;C&#41; right anterior oblique &#40;RAO&#41; at 30&#176; views&#44; showing the positioning of the His &#40;arrow&#41;&#44; coronary sinus &#40;star&#41; and ablation &#40;arrowhead&#41; catheters&#46; Three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained after the procedure&#44; showing suprarenal inferior vena cava agenesis&#44; draining into the superior vena cava &#40;blue&#41;&#44; hepatic veins &#40;green&#41;&#44; heart &#40;gold&#41; and kidneys &#40;purple&#41;&#44; in AP&#44; LAO and RAO views &#40;D&#44; E and F&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; are rare and very often diagnosed in asymptomatic patients during computed tomography performed for other purposes&#46; These anomalies can have significant clinical implications&#44; for example if electrophysiology procedures are needed&#46; Diagnostic and ablation procedures are difficult since catheter manipulation and positioning are more complex&#46; We present here a case of successful atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia &#40;AVNRT&#41; ablation in a patient with unexpected IVC agenesis&#44; using an azygos route&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 62-year-old woman was referred to our center for an electrophysiological study &#40;EPS&#41; and catheter ablation of a documented narrow QRS complex tachycardia&#46; Written informed consent was obtained&#46; Antiarrhythmic drugs were discontinued for more than five half-lives before the study&#46; The initial ECG showed sinus rhythm with a normal PR interval and no delta waves&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 6F quadripolar catheter and a 6F quadripolar deflectable diagnostic catheter &#40;Xtrem&#44; ELA Medical&#41; were inserted via the right femoral vein and advanced through the IVC&#46; When the catheters reached the cardiac silhouette&#44; only far-field electrical activity could be recorded&#46; The catheters were advanced further and eventually reached the right atrium via the superior vena cava &#40;SVC&#41; after making a loop outside the cardiac silhouette&#46; The catheter routes suggested the absence of an IVC and the presence of an azygos vein joining the SVC&#46; This diagnosis was confirmed by failure to advance the catheters retrogradely from the right atrium to the IVC&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The catheters were then positioned in the His bundle and the coronary sinus&#44; and a 4 mm tip standard radiofrequency ablation catheter &#40;Cordis Webster&#44; Baldwin Park&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; was successfully advanced through the azygos vein and positioned in the atria&#46; Dual atrioventricular node conduction was exhibited and a supraventricular tachycardia compatible with AVNRT was reproducibly induced&#46; The ablation catheter was then positioned in the posterior part of the triangle of Koch &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41; and two 90 s radiofrequency lesions were performed &#40;60&#176;&#44; 30 W&#41;&#46; A stable junctional rhythm developed during the second energy application&#44; and after ablation&#44; no tachycardia could be induced at baseline or after isoproterenol infusion&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A computed tomography scan was performed after the procedure to better understand the patient&#39;s venous anatomy&#46; Suprarenal IVC agenesis was confirmed and the infrarenal IVC continued as the azygos vein and joined the SVC at its normal location within the right paratracheal space&#46; The hepatic veins drained directly into the right atrium&#46; The patient was discharged from the hospital the following day without any medication and remained free of symptoms during a 12-month follow-up&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the eighth week of gestation the normal adult inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; is complete&#46; The development of the IVC is a complex process resulting from anastomoses between three pairs of embryonic veins that appear and regress&#58; the posterior cardinal veins&#44; the subcardinal veins&#44; and the supracardinal veins&#46; The final adult IVC is formed of four segments&#58; hepatic &#40;from the vitelline vein&#41;&#59; suprarenal &#40;from the subcardinal-hepatic anastomosis&#41;&#59; renal &#40;from the right supracardinal-subcardinal anastomosis&#41;&#59; and infrarenal &#40;from the right supracardinal vein&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Several anomalies of the IVC can occur&#58; &#40;1&#41; left IVC results from the regression of the right supracardinal vein and persistence of the left supracardinal vein&#46; This variant occurs in 0&#46;2-0&#46;5&#37; of the population and may be misdiagnosed as left para-aortic lymphadenopathy&#59; &#40;2&#41; double IVC results from the persistence of the right and left supracardinal veins&#46; It is one of the most common anomalies of the IVC&#44; affecting 1-3&#37; of the population&#46; Usually&#44; the left IVC ends at the level of the left renal vein and crosses over behind the aorta to drain into the right IVC&#59; &#40;3&#41; azygos and hemiazygos continuation of the IVC is related to regression of the vitelline vein&#44; which constitutes the hepatic segment of the IVC&#46; Its prevalence is 0&#46;6&#37; of the population&#46; In this case&#44; the IVC ends above the renal veins and venous blood flows directly into the azygos or hemiazygos veins&#46; The azygos vein then drains into the superior vena cava and finally into the right atrium&#46; Independently&#44; the hepatic veins empty directly into the right atrium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> These anomalies may be isolated or associated with other congenital diseases such as polysplenia&#44; dextrocardia&#44; single ventricle or atrium&#44; and cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart disease&#46; For patients with isolated interruption of the IVC and no clinical manifestations&#44; no treatment is needed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this report&#44; we describe a case of successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of AVNRT in a patient with interruption of the IVC and azygos continuation&#46; In the presence of such an anomaly&#44; access to the right atrium by a femoral approach is still possible&#44; through the azygos vein and the superior vena cava&#46; As a result&#44; manipulation and positioning of the catheters may more difficult due to the longer and more tortuous course of the catheters&#44; but access to the different cardiac structures is achievable&#44; allowing mapping and ablation of different supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias&#46; However&#44; this approach is often associated with increased fluoroscopy radiation exposure and may cause patient discomfort&#44; the catheter frequently being caught in the azygos vein&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> There are a few reported cases of ablation of arrhythmias in patients with IVC interruption&#44; including AVNRT&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> accessory pathways&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> common atrial flutter&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> atrial fibrillation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and right ventricular ectopies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Other routes have been described in the literature to access cardiac structures in patients with interruption of the IVC&#44; including a superior approach via the jugular or subclavian vein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> or a percutaneous transhepatic venous approach&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Electroanatomical mapping systems may also help to perform ablations safely in such patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interruption of the IVC is uncommon but may be encountered during electrophysiology procedures&#46; Ablation of cardiac arrhythmias&#44; including AVNRT as shown in this case&#44; can be safely performed using an azygos route through the femoral approach&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava &#40;IVC&#41; are rare and very often diagnosed in asymptomatic patients during computed tomography performed for other purposes&#46; These anomalies can have significant clinical implications&#44; for example if electrophysiology procedures are needed&#46; Diagnostic and ablation procedures are difficult since catheter manipulation and positioning are more complex&#46; We present here a case of successful atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation in a patient with unexpected IVC agenesis&#44; using an azygos route&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As anomalias cong&#233;nitas da veia cava inferior s&#227;o raras e s&#227;o&#44; muitas vezes&#44; diagnosticadas em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos como achados de tomografia computorizada realizada com outros objetivos&#46; Estas anomalias podem ter implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas importantes&#44; nomeadamente quando est&#227;o programados estudos eletrofisiol&#243;gicos&#46; Os procedimentos de diagn&#243;stico e de abla&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o dif&#237;ceis&#44; uma vez que o manuseamento e posicionamento do cateter &#233; mais complexo&#46; Apresentamos o caso bem-sucedido de uma abla&#231;&#227;o de taquicardia por reentrada nodal auriculoventricular num doente com agenesia da veia cava inferior&#44; utilizando uma via trans-&#225;zigos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopic images in &#40;A&#41; anteroposterior &#40;AP&#41;&#44; &#40;B&#41; left anterior oblique &#40;LAO&#41; at 35&#176;&#44; and &#40;C&#41; right anterior oblique &#40;RAO&#41; at 30&#176; views&#44; showing the positioning of the His &#40;arrow&#41;&#44; coronary sinus &#40;star&#41; and ablation &#40;arrowhead&#41; catheters&#46; Three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained after the procedure&#44; showing suprarenal inferior vena cava agenesis&#44; draining into the superior vena cava &#40;blue&#41;&#44; hepatic veins &#40;green&#41;&#44; heart &#40;gold&#41; and kidneys &#40;purple&#41;&#44; in AP&#44; LAO and RAO views &#40;D&#44; E and F&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
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