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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background&#58;</span> Data from a cardiopulmonary exercise &#40;CPX&#41; test are used to determine prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure &#40;HF&#41;&#46; However&#44; few published studies have simultaneously compared the relative prognostic strength of multiple CPX variables&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectives&#58;</span> The study sought to describe the strength of the association among variables measured during a CPX test and all-cause mortality in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction &#40;HFrEF&#41;&#44; including the influence of sex and patient effort&#44; as measured by respiratory exchange ratio &#40;RER&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> Among patients &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;100&#44; 29&#37; women&#41; enrolled in the HF-ACTION &#40;HF-A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of exercise traiNing&#41; trial&#44; 10 CPX test variables measured at baseline &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; peak oxygen uptake &#91;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#93;&#44; exercise duration&#44; percent predicted peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#91;&#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#93;&#44; ventilatory efficiency&#41; were examined&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Over a median follow-up of 32 months&#44; there were 357 deaths&#46; All CPX variables&#44; except RER&#44; were related to all-cause mortality &#40;all p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; Both &#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and exercise duration were equally able to predict &#40;Wald chisquare&#58; -141&#41; and discriminate &#40;c-index&#58; 0&#46;69&#41; mortality&#46; Peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;ml&#183;kg-1&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#41; was the strongest predictor of mortality among men &#40;Wald chi-square&#58; 129&#41; and exercise duration among women &#40;Wald chi-square&#58; 41&#41;&#46; Multivariable analyses showed that &#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; exercise duration&#44; and peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#41;were similarly able to predict and discriminate mortality&#46; In men&#44; a 10&#37; 1-year mortality rate corresponded to a peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> of 10&#46;9 ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> versus 5&#46;3 ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> in women&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions&#58;</span> Peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; exercise duration&#44; and &#37; ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> carried the strongest ability to predict and discriminate the likelihood of death in patients with HFrEF&#46; The prognosis associated with a given peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> differed by sex&#46; &#40;Exercise Training Program to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Congestive Heart Failure&#59; <a href="ctgov:NCT00047437">NCT00047437</a>&#41;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De h&#225; muito se conhece o valor progn&#243;stico da prova de esfor&#231;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria &#40;PECR&#41; na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; contudo&#44; esta t&#233;cnica continua subutilizada em v&#225;rios pa&#237;ses da Europa&#44; entre os quais Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo fala-nos da import&#226;ncia da PECR&#44; tendo como in&#233;dito o facto de comparar m&#250;ltiplas vari&#225;veis&#44; avaliando o seu poder progn&#243;stico relativo&#46; Estudos pr&#233;vios dedicaram-se apenas a uma ou duas vari&#225;veis&#44; sendo o consumo pico de oxig&#233;nio &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#41; das mais estudadas&#46; Outro aspeto relevante e novo no estudo consiste na avalia&#231;&#227;o em separado destas vari&#225;veis&#44; no sexo masculino e feminino&#46; Tamb&#233;m &#233; not&#243;ria&#44; e confere interesse acrescido aos resultados&#44; a grande dimens&#227;o da amostra estudada&#44; englobando 2&#46;100 doentes que realizaram PECR e estiveram envolvidos no ensaio multic&#234;ntrico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HF-ACTION-Trial</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; o maior estudo aleatorizado controlado de interven&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; at&#233; &#224; data&#46; Neste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cohort</span>&#44; 51&#37; dos doentes eram isqu&#233;micos e 28&#37; mulheres&#44; com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda mediana de 25&#37;&#44; estando<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>98&#37; dos doentes em classe funcional <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span> &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37; em classe <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>&#41;&#46; Destes&#44; sabemos que 357 doentes &#40;17&#37;&#41; morreram aos 32 meses de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up&#46;</span></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Das PECR realizadas&#44; dez vari&#225;veis foram medidas e analisadas&#44; tendo todas&#44; exceto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respiratory Exchange-Ratio</span> &#40;RER&#41;&#44; valor preditivo de mortalidade&#46; O VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#44; de h&#225; muito reconhecido como ligado ao progn&#243;stico&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio da prova e a percentagem prevista do consumo de oxig&#233;nio &#40;&#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#41; tiveram a maior capacidade para discriminar a probabilidade de morte&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspeto interessante do estudo foi o facto de evidenciar a diferente import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica das m&#250;ltiplas vari&#225;veis nos dois sexos&#46; A vari&#225;vel preditora de mortalidade mais forte nas mulheres foi a dura&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio na prova de esfor&#231;o&#44; enquanto nos homens foi o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#46; Ajustado para o peso corporal&#44; que sabemos influenciar esta vari&#225;vel e &#233; inferior no sexo feminino<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p teve valores muito diferentes relativos &#224; capacidade para prever mortalidade de 10&#37; a um ano&#58; 5&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min nas mulheres e 10&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min nos homens&#46; Este resultado &#233; concordante com um estudo pr&#233;vio de menor dimens&#227;o unic&#234;ntrico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> e a explica&#231;&#227;o pode estar no facto de as mulheres terem&#44; para o mesmo peso&#44; mais tecido adiposo que os homens&#44; sendo este tecido aerobicamente inativo&#46; Aceitando esta explica&#231;&#227;o&#44; uma poss&#237;vel solu&#231;&#227;o seria ajustar o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p para a massa corporal magra<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Das implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas deste resultado&#44; salienta-se que&#44; de acordo com o presente estudo&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cut-off</span> habitual usado na indica&#231;&#227;o para transplante card&#237;aco de 14ml&#47;kg&#47;min<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> &#40;12ml&#47;kg&#47;min em doentes betabloqueados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#41;&#44; indexado &#224; massa corporal total&#44; n&#227;o deveria ser considerado indiferentemente em ambos os sexos&#44; que apresentam diferente constitui&#231;&#227;o corporal&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outro resultado importante refere-se ao RER&#46; Este tem sido indicado como determinante para que vari&#225;veis como VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p sejam consideradas com valor progn&#243;stico&#46; Foi definido que seria necess&#225;rio que o RER atingisse 1&#44;1&#44; indicativo de esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; para que o valor de VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p pudesse ser indicativo de mortalidade&#46; Neste estudo&#44; verifica-se que o RER&#44; mesmo abaixo de 1&#44;05&#44; n&#227;o afetou o poder preditivo de VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p inferior a 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#44; que se manteve um forte preditor de mortalidade&#46; Tamb&#233;m a efici&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria &#40;VE&#47; VCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">slope</span>&#41; mostrou manter o poder progn&#243;stico&#44; mesmo com baixo RER<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar da qualidade deste estudo&#44; teremos que ser cautelosos com a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados&#46; Trata-se de um estudo observacional&#44; em que a popula&#231;&#227;o de insuficientes card&#237;acos era mais nova que a m&#233;dia habitual &#40;idade m&#233;dia 59 anos&#41;&#44; com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca est&#225;vel maioritariamente em classe <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span>&#46; Como se pode compreender&#44; estes resultados n&#227;o s&#227;o extens&#237;veis a doentes com idade superior e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada&#44; nomeadamente com dispositivos implantados&#46; Por outro lado&#44; o protocolo utilizado para a PECR foi o de Naughton&#44; que n&#227;o &#233; usado em muitas institui&#231;&#245;es&#44; pelo que os resultados poder&#227;o ser diferentes com outros protocolos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente artigo&#44; al&#233;m dos resultados inovadores que apresenta e que se adicionam aos previamente descritos na literatura&#44; chama a aten&#231;&#227;o para o forte valor progn&#243;stico na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica desta ferramenta que &#233; a PECR&#46; Trata-se de uma t&#233;cnica n&#227;o invasiva que deveria estar presente em todos os servi&#231;os de cardiologia&#44; nomeadamente com unidades de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46; Al&#233;m das vari&#225;veis previamente comentadas&#44; muita informa&#231;&#227;o adicional pode ser derivada a partir de vari&#225;veis menos analisadas&#44; como a an&#225;lise de pulso de oxig&#233;nio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">oxygen pulse</span>&#41;&#44; os dados de ventila&#231;&#227;o oscilat&#243;ria no exerc&#237;cio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">exercise oscillatory ventilation</span>&#41; e a medi&#231;&#227;o da concentra&#231;&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono no final da expira&#231;&#227;o &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">end-tidal CO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinicamente&#44; uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o desta t&#233;cnica &#233; recomend&#225;vel para benef&#237;cio dos doentes e sua orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; No campo da investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; seria interessante&#44; utilizando a mesma an&#225;lise&#44; estudar doentes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada&#44; nomeadamente com ressincronizadores card&#237;acos implantados&#44; assim como doentes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Comment on “Variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing as predictors of mortality in chronic systolic heart failure”
Comentário a «Variáveis medidas durante prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória como preditoras de mortalidade na insuficiência cardíaca crónica com disfunção sistólica»
Ana Abreu
Membro do Corpo Redatorial da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Portugal
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including the influence of sex and patient effort&#44; as measured by respiratory exchange ratio &#40;RER&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> Among patients &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;100&#44; 29&#37; women&#41; enrolled in the HF-ACTION &#40;HF-A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of exercise traiNing&#41; trial&#44; 10 CPX test variables measured at baseline &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; peak oxygen uptake &#91;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#93;&#44; exercise duration&#44; percent predicted peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#91;&#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#93;&#44; ventilatory efficiency&#41; were examined&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Over a median follow-up of 32 months&#44; there were 357 deaths&#46; All CPX variables&#44; except RER&#44; were related to all-cause mortality &#40;all p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; Both &#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and exercise duration were equally able to predict &#40;Wald chisquare&#58; -141&#41; and discriminate &#40;c-index&#58; 0&#46;69&#41; mortality&#46; Peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;ml&#183;kg-1&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#41; was the strongest predictor of mortality among men &#40;Wald chi-square&#58; 129&#41; and exercise duration among women &#40;Wald chi-square&#58; 41&#41;&#46; Multivariable analyses showed that &#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; exercise duration&#44; and peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#41;were similarly able to predict and discriminate mortality&#46; In men&#44; a 10&#37; 1-year mortality rate corresponded to a peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> of 10&#46;9 ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> versus 5&#46;3 ml&#183;kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>&#183;min<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> in women&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions&#58;</span> Peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; exercise duration&#44; and &#37; ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> carried the strongest ability to predict and discriminate the likelihood of death in patients with HFrEF&#46; The prognosis associated with a given peak VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> differed by sex&#46; &#40;Exercise Training Program to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Congestive Heart Failure&#59; <a href="ctgov:NCT00047437">NCT00047437</a>&#41;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De h&#225; muito se conhece o valor progn&#243;stico da prova de esfor&#231;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria &#40;PECR&#41; na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; contudo&#44; esta t&#233;cnica continua subutilizada em v&#225;rios pa&#237;ses da Europa&#44; entre os quais Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo fala-nos da import&#226;ncia da PECR&#44; tendo como in&#233;dito o facto de comparar m&#250;ltiplas vari&#225;veis&#44; avaliando o seu poder progn&#243;stico relativo&#46; Estudos pr&#233;vios dedicaram-se apenas a uma ou duas vari&#225;veis&#44; sendo o consumo pico de oxig&#233;nio &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#41; das mais estudadas&#46; Outro aspeto relevante e novo no estudo consiste na avalia&#231;&#227;o em separado destas vari&#225;veis&#44; no sexo masculino e feminino&#46; Tamb&#233;m &#233; not&#243;ria&#44; e confere interesse acrescido aos resultados&#44; a grande dimens&#227;o da amostra estudada&#44; englobando 2&#46;100 doentes que realizaram PECR e estiveram envolvidos no ensaio multic&#234;ntrico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HF-ACTION-Trial</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; o maior estudo aleatorizado controlado de interven&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; at&#233; &#224; data&#46; Neste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cohort</span>&#44; 51&#37; dos doentes eram isqu&#233;micos e 28&#37; mulheres&#44; com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda mediana de 25&#37;&#44; estando<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>98&#37; dos doentes em classe funcional <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span> &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37; em classe <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>&#41;&#46; Destes&#44; sabemos que 357 doentes &#40;17&#37;&#41; morreram aos 32 meses de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up&#46;</span></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Das PECR realizadas&#44; dez vari&#225;veis foram medidas e analisadas&#44; tendo todas&#44; exceto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respiratory Exchange-Ratio</span> &#40;RER&#41;&#44; valor preditivo de mortalidade&#46; O VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#44; de h&#225; muito reconhecido como ligado ao progn&#243;stico&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio da prova e a percentagem prevista do consumo de oxig&#233;nio &#40;&#37;ppVO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#41; tiveram a maior capacidade para discriminar a probabilidade de morte&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspeto interessante do estudo foi o facto de evidenciar a diferente import&#226;ncia progn&#243;stica das m&#250;ltiplas vari&#225;veis nos dois sexos&#46; A vari&#225;vel preditora de mortalidade mais forte nas mulheres foi a dura&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio na prova de esfor&#231;o&#44; enquanto nos homens foi o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p&#46; Ajustado para o peso corporal&#44; que sabemos influenciar esta vari&#225;vel e &#233; inferior no sexo feminino<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p teve valores muito diferentes relativos &#224; capacidade para prever mortalidade de 10&#37; a um ano&#58; 5&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min nas mulheres e 10&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min nos homens&#46; Este resultado &#233; concordante com um estudo pr&#233;vio de menor dimens&#227;o unic&#234;ntrico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> e a explica&#231;&#227;o pode estar no facto de as mulheres terem&#44; para o mesmo peso&#44; mais tecido adiposo que os homens&#44; sendo este tecido aerobicamente inativo&#46; Aceitando esta explica&#231;&#227;o&#44; uma poss&#237;vel solu&#231;&#227;o seria ajustar o VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p para a massa corporal magra<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Das implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas deste resultado&#44; salienta-se que&#44; de acordo com o presente estudo&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cut-off</span> habitual usado na indica&#231;&#227;o para transplante card&#237;aco de 14ml&#47;kg&#47;min<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> &#40;12ml&#47;kg&#47;min em doentes betabloqueados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#41;&#44; indexado &#224; massa corporal total&#44; n&#227;o deveria ser considerado indiferentemente em ambos os sexos&#44; que apresentam diferente constitui&#231;&#227;o corporal&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outro resultado importante refere-se ao RER&#46; Este tem sido indicado como determinante para que vari&#225;veis como VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p sejam consideradas com valor progn&#243;stico&#46; Foi definido que seria necess&#225;rio que o RER atingisse 1&#44;1&#44; indicativo de esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; para que o valor de VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p pudesse ser indicativo de mortalidade&#46; Neste estudo&#44; verifica-se que o RER&#44; mesmo abaixo de 1&#44;05&#44; n&#227;o afetou o poder preditivo de VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>p inferior a 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#44; que se manteve um forte preditor de mortalidade&#46; Tamb&#233;m a efici&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria &#40;VE&#47; VCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">slope</span>&#41; mostrou manter o poder progn&#243;stico&#44; mesmo com baixo RER<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar da qualidade deste estudo&#44; teremos que ser cautelosos com a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados&#46; Trata-se de um estudo observacional&#44; em que a popula&#231;&#227;o de insuficientes card&#237;acos era mais nova que a m&#233;dia habitual &#40;idade m&#233;dia 59 anos&#41;&#44; com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca est&#225;vel maioritariamente em classe <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II</span>-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span>&#46; Como se pode compreender&#44; estes resultados n&#227;o s&#227;o extens&#237;veis a doentes com idade superior e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada&#44; nomeadamente com dispositivos implantados&#46; Por outro lado&#44; o protocolo utilizado para a PECR foi o de Naughton&#44; que n&#227;o &#233; usado em muitas institui&#231;&#245;es&#44; pelo que os resultados poder&#227;o ser diferentes com outros protocolos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente artigo&#44; al&#233;m dos resultados inovadores que apresenta e que se adicionam aos previamente descritos na literatura&#44; chama a aten&#231;&#227;o para o forte valor progn&#243;stico na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica desta ferramenta que &#233; a PECR&#46; Trata-se de uma t&#233;cnica n&#227;o invasiva que deveria estar presente em todos os servi&#231;os de cardiologia&#44; nomeadamente com unidades de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#46; Al&#233;m das vari&#225;veis previamente comentadas&#44; muita informa&#231;&#227;o adicional pode ser derivada a partir de vari&#225;veis menos analisadas&#44; como a an&#225;lise de pulso de oxig&#233;nio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">oxygen pulse</span>&#41;&#44; os dados de ventila&#231;&#227;o oscilat&#243;ria no exerc&#237;cio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">exercise oscillatory ventilation</span>&#41; e a medi&#231;&#227;o da concentra&#231;&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono no final da expira&#231;&#227;o &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">end-tidal CO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinicamente&#44; uma maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o desta t&#233;cnica &#233; recomend&#225;vel para benef&#237;cio dos doentes e sua orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#46; No campo da investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; seria interessante&#44; utilizando a mesma an&#225;lise&#44; estudar doentes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada&#44; nomeadamente com ressincronizadores card&#237;acos implantados&#44; assim como doentes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
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Idiomas
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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