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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span> Increased life expectancy and younger patients&#8217; desire to avoid lifelong anticoagulation requires a better understanding of bioprosthetic valve failure&#46; This study evaluates risk factors associated with explantation for structural valve deterioration &#40;SVD&#41; in a long-term series of Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT aortic valves &#40;AV&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> From June 1982 to January 2011&#44; 12&#44;569 patients underwent AV replacement with Edwards Lifesciences Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT stented bovine pericardial prostheses&#44; models 2700<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PM &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>310&#41; or 2700 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;259&#41;&#46; Mean age was 71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 years &#40;range&#44; 18 to 98 years&#41;&#46; 93&#37; had native AV disease&#44; 48&#37; underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting&#44; and 26&#37; had additional valve surgery&#46; There were 81&#44;706 patient-years of systematic follow-up data available for analysis&#46; Demographics&#44; intraoperative variables&#44; and 27&#44;386 echocardiographic records were used to identify risks for explant for SVD and assess longitudinal changes in transprosthesis gradients using time-varying covariable analyses&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> Three hundred fifty-four explants were performed&#44; with 41&#37; related to endocarditis and 44&#37; to SVD&#46; Actuarial estimates of explant for SVD at 10 and 20 years were 1&#46;9&#37; and 15&#37; overall&#44; respectively&#44; and in patients younger than 60 years&#44; 5&#46;6&#37; and 46&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Younger age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; lipid-lowering drugs &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#44; prosthesis- patient mismatch &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and higher postoperative peak and mean AV gradients were associated with explant for SVD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; The effect of gradient on SVD was greatest in patients younger than 60 years&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> Durability of the Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT aortic valve is excellent even in younger patients&#46; Explant for SVD is related to gradient at implantation&#44; especially in younger patients&#46; Strategies to reduce early postoperative AV gradients&#44; such as root enlargement or more efficient prostheses&#44; should be considered&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A crescente utiliza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas&#44; predominantemente de peric&#225;rdio&#44; na cirurgia de substitui&#231;&#227;o da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica nos doentes n&#227;o idosos com idade superior a 60 anos &#233; considerada uma op&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel nas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> da ESC&#47;EACTS &#40;2012&#41;&#44; STS &#40;2013&#41; e ACC&#47;AHA de 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; O desejo do doente de n&#227;o ser hipocoagulado&#44; a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco cir&#250;rgico associado &#224; reopera&#231;&#227;o valvular e a disponibilidade das novas t&#233;cnicas transcateter de inser&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;lvula em v&#225;lvula que evitem uma nova cirurgia s&#227;o algumas das raz&#245;es que conduziram a este crescimento exponencial do uso das pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas em grupos et&#225;rios que anteriormente tinham uma indica&#231;&#227;o formal para a coloca&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses mec&#226;nicas reconhecidas pela sua durabilidade e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span> hemodin&#226;mica&#46; A esperada melhoria nestes vetores&#44; durabilidade e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span>&#44; das novas gera&#231;&#245;es de pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas de peric&#225;rdio face &#224;s pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas porcinas e &#224; primeira gera&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses peric&#225;rdicas &#40;Ionescu Shiley&#41;&#44; tamb&#233;m contribu&#237;ram para o alargamento das suas indica&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poucos dados est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis no que se refere aos fatores de risco&#44; al&#233;m da idade&#44; para a durabilidade das pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas traduzida em necessidade de explanta&#231;&#227;o por degeneresc&#234;ncia estrutural valvular &#40;DEV&#41;&#46; Este estudo&#44; o maior estudo de longo prazo duma biopr&#243;tese card&#237;aca a&#243;rtica com 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>569 implantes realizados num per&#237;odo de 30 anos &#40;1982-2011&#41; no mesmo centro cir&#250;rgico&#44; teve como objetivo a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco associados com a explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV ap&#243;s 30 anos de experi&#234;ncia com a pr&#243;tese C-E Perimount&#44; uma pr&#243;tese biol&#243;gica de peric&#225;rdio de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; e em particular no grupo de doentes com idade inferior a 60 anos&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante o seguimento &#40;tempo m&#233;dio de 5&#44;8 anos&#41;&#44; o n&#250;mero total de explanta&#231;&#245;es prot&#233;sicas foi relativamente baixo &#40;2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; sendo causas principais a DEV e a endocardite prot&#233;sica &#40;44 e 41&#37; dos casos&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#46; A idade menos avan&#231;ada &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 anos&#41; esteve associada a um risco aumentado de explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV de 5&#44;6&#44; 20 e 46&#37;&#44; respetivamente aos 10&#44; 15 e 20 anos&#44; comparativamente com um risco de 1&#44;5&#44; 5&#44;1 e 8&#44;1&#37; nos doentes com 60-80 anos&#46; Embora o tamanho da v&#225;lvula <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per si</span> n&#227;o tenha sido fator de risco para DEV &#40;38&#37; dos doentes receberam uma pr&#243;tese 19 ou 21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">prosthesis-patient mismatch</span> &#40;PPM&#41; e&#44; ainda mais significativa&#44; a presen&#231;a de gradientes valvulares a&#243;rticos p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios m&#225;ximo e m&#233;dio elevados estiveram igualmente associadas a um maior risco de DEV&#44; predominantemente nos doentes mais jovens &#8211; por exemplo&#44; uma diferen&#231;a de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg no gradiente pico p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio esteve associado &#224; duplica&#231;&#227;o do risco de explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV aos 20 anos de seguimento nos doentes com idade inferior a 60 anos&#46; Igualmente foi observada uma intera&#231;&#227;o do risco de DEV com o uso de antidislipid&#233;micos&#44; embora tamb&#233;m com um impacto menos significativo que o gradiente transvalvular&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo&#44; suportado por uma an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica irrepreens&#237;vel&#44; apresenta&#44; no entanto&#44; algumas limita&#231;&#245;es de que destacaria as seguintes&#46; O grupo de doentes estudados tem uma idade m&#233;dia de 71 anos&#44; 74&#37; foram submetidos a procedimentos concomitantes e 26&#37; tiveram cirurgia card&#237;aca pr&#233;via&#46; O risco geral de DEV ser&#225;&#44; portanto&#44; relativamente baixo j&#225; que &#233; dominado pelo risco de morte tardia nos doentes mais idosos ou com expetativa de sobrevida limitada&#46; Embora a maioria dos doentes tenha um registo ecocardiogr&#225;fico antes da alta &#40;81&#37;&#41;&#44; o seguimento ecocardiogr&#225;fico regular esteve limitado aos 5379 doentes observados periodicamente na institui&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas deste estudo ser&#227;o&#44; contudo&#44; da maior import&#226;ncia devido aos seguintes achados&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">a durabilidade das biopr&#243;teses&#44; mesmo nos doentes mais jovens &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 anos&#41;&#44; &#233; bem superior ao esperado &#40;46&#37; de DEV aos 20 anos de seguimento&#41;&#44; o que contraria o mau senso comum existente de que &#171;as pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas duram dez anos&#187; e suporta as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> atuais&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">a durabilidade das biopr&#243;teses est&#225; relacionada&#44; e isto &#233; um achado novo&#44; com os gradientes transvalvulares &#224; data da alta e&#44; em menor grau&#44; com o PMM p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio&#44; sendo estes fatores tanto mais importantes quanto mais jovem ou ativo for o doente&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">existir&#225; uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o risco de DEV e o risco cardiovascular&#44; embora muito mais t&#233;nue que a idade&#44; os gradientes e o PMM p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ser&#225; assim poss&#237;vel definir &#171;estrat&#233;gias de durabilidade&#187; que interessam aos doentes mais jovens&#44; como alternativa &#224;s pr&#243;teses mec&#226;nicas&#44; mas tamb&#233;m aos doentes mais velhos com uma boa expetativa de sobrevida&#44; e aos doentes assintom&#225;ticos com estenose a&#243;rtica grave em que a necessidade de hipocoagula&#231;&#227;o seja uma barreira &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o precoce&#46; S&#227;o ferramentas dessas estrat&#233;gias o controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular&#44; a vigil&#226;ncia ecocardiogr&#225;fica regular&#44; um risco cir&#250;rgico de reopera&#231;&#227;o baixo&#44; a viabilidade de um procedimento transcateter&#44; a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de biopr&#243;teses peric&#225;rdicas de 3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> gera&#231;&#227;o com suposta melhor hemodin&#226;mica e o potencial impacto positivo do alargamento da raiz da aorta quer no PMM quer nos gradientes valvulares residuais em grupos espec&#237;ficos de doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Recommended article of the month
Comment on “Long-term durability of bioprosthetic aortic valves: implications from 12,569 implants”
Comentário a «Durabilidade a longo prazo de válvulas aórticas biológicas: implicações a partir de 12569 implantes»
Paulo Pinho
Membro do Corpo Redatorial da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span> Increased life expectancy and younger patients&#8217; desire to avoid lifelong anticoagulation requires a better understanding of bioprosthetic valve failure&#46; This study evaluates risk factors associated with explantation for structural valve deterioration &#40;SVD&#41; in a long-term series of Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT aortic valves &#40;AV&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> From June 1982 to January 2011&#44; 12&#44;569 patients underwent AV replacement with Edwards Lifesciences Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT stented bovine pericardial prostheses&#44; models 2700<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PM &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>310&#41; or 2700 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;259&#41;&#46; Mean age was 71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11 years &#40;range&#44; 18 to 98 years&#41;&#46; 93&#37; had native AV disease&#44; 48&#37; underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting&#44; and 26&#37; had additional valve surgery&#46; There were 81&#44;706 patient-years of systematic follow-up data available for analysis&#46; Demographics&#44; intraoperative variables&#44; and 27&#44;386 echocardiographic records were used to identify risks for explant for SVD and assess longitudinal changes in transprosthesis gradients using time-varying covariable analyses&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> Three hundred fifty-four explants were performed&#44; with 41&#37; related to endocarditis and 44&#37; to SVD&#46; Actuarial estimates of explant for SVD at 10 and 20 years were 1&#46;9&#37; and 15&#37; overall&#44; respectively&#44; and in patients younger than 60 years&#44; 5&#46;6&#37; and 46&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Younger age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; lipid-lowering drugs &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#44; prosthesis- patient mismatch &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and higher postoperative peak and mean AV gradients were associated with explant for SVD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; The effect of gradient on SVD was greatest in patients younger than 60 years&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> Durability of the Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT aortic valve is excellent even in younger patients&#46; Explant for SVD is related to gradient at implantation&#44; especially in younger patients&#46; Strategies to reduce early postoperative AV gradients&#44; such as root enlargement or more efficient prostheses&#44; should be considered&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A crescente utiliza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas&#44; predominantemente de peric&#225;rdio&#44; na cirurgia de substitui&#231;&#227;o da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica nos doentes n&#227;o idosos com idade superior a 60 anos &#233; considerada uma op&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel nas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> da ESC&#47;EACTS &#40;2012&#41;&#44; STS &#40;2013&#41; e ACC&#47;AHA de 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a>&#46; O desejo do doente de n&#227;o ser hipocoagulado&#44; a diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco cir&#250;rgico associado &#224; reopera&#231;&#227;o valvular e a disponibilidade das novas t&#233;cnicas transcateter de inser&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;lvula em v&#225;lvula que evitem uma nova cirurgia s&#227;o algumas das raz&#245;es que conduziram a este crescimento exponencial do uso das pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas em grupos et&#225;rios que anteriormente tinham uma indica&#231;&#227;o formal para a coloca&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses mec&#226;nicas reconhecidas pela sua durabilidade e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span> hemodin&#226;mica&#46; A esperada melhoria nestes vetores&#44; durabilidade e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span>&#44; das novas gera&#231;&#245;es de pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas de peric&#225;rdio face &#224;s pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas porcinas e &#224; primeira gera&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses peric&#225;rdicas &#40;Ionescu Shiley&#41;&#44; tamb&#233;m contribu&#237;ram para o alargamento das suas indica&#231;&#245;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poucos dados est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis no que se refere aos fatores de risco&#44; al&#233;m da idade&#44; para a durabilidade das pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas traduzida em necessidade de explanta&#231;&#227;o por degeneresc&#234;ncia estrutural valvular &#40;DEV&#41;&#46; Este estudo&#44; o maior estudo de longo prazo duma biopr&#243;tese card&#237;aca a&#243;rtica com 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>569 implantes realizados num per&#237;odo de 30 anos &#40;1982-2011&#41; no mesmo centro cir&#250;rgico&#44; teve como objetivo a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco associados com a explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV ap&#243;s 30 anos de experi&#234;ncia com a pr&#243;tese C-E Perimount&#44; uma pr&#243;tese biol&#243;gica de peric&#225;rdio de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o&#44; e em particular no grupo de doentes com idade inferior a 60 anos&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante o seguimento &#40;tempo m&#233;dio de 5&#44;8 anos&#41;&#44; o n&#250;mero total de explanta&#231;&#245;es prot&#233;sicas foi relativamente baixo &#40;2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; sendo causas principais a DEV e a endocardite prot&#233;sica &#40;44 e 41&#37; dos casos&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#46; A idade menos avan&#231;ada &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 anos&#41; esteve associada a um risco aumentado de explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV de 5&#44;6&#44; 20 e 46&#37;&#44; respetivamente aos 10&#44; 15 e 20 anos&#44; comparativamente com um risco de 1&#44;5&#44; 5&#44;1 e 8&#44;1&#37; nos doentes com 60-80 anos&#46; Embora o tamanho da v&#225;lvula <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per si</span> n&#227;o tenha sido fator de risco para DEV &#40;38&#37; dos doentes receberam uma pr&#243;tese 19 ou 21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">prosthesis-patient mismatch</span> &#40;PPM&#41; e&#44; ainda mais significativa&#44; a presen&#231;a de gradientes valvulares a&#243;rticos p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios m&#225;ximo e m&#233;dio elevados estiveram igualmente associadas a um maior risco de DEV&#44; predominantemente nos doentes mais jovens &#8211; por exemplo&#44; uma diferen&#231;a de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg no gradiente pico p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio esteve associado &#224; duplica&#231;&#227;o do risco de explanta&#231;&#227;o por DEV aos 20 anos de seguimento nos doentes com idade inferior a 60 anos&#46; Igualmente foi observada uma intera&#231;&#227;o do risco de DEV com o uso de antidislipid&#233;micos&#44; embora tamb&#233;m com um impacto menos significativo que o gradiente transvalvular&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo&#44; suportado por uma an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica irrepreens&#237;vel&#44; apresenta&#44; no entanto&#44; algumas limita&#231;&#245;es de que destacaria as seguintes&#46; O grupo de doentes estudados tem uma idade m&#233;dia de 71 anos&#44; 74&#37; foram submetidos a procedimentos concomitantes e 26&#37; tiveram cirurgia card&#237;aca pr&#233;via&#46; O risco geral de DEV ser&#225;&#44; portanto&#44; relativamente baixo j&#225; que &#233; dominado pelo risco de morte tardia nos doentes mais idosos ou com expetativa de sobrevida limitada&#46; Embora a maioria dos doentes tenha um registo ecocardiogr&#225;fico antes da alta &#40;81&#37;&#41;&#44; o seguimento ecocardiogr&#225;fico regular esteve limitado aos 5379 doentes observados periodicamente na institui&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas deste estudo ser&#227;o&#44; contudo&#44; da maior import&#226;ncia devido aos seguintes achados&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">a durabilidade das biopr&#243;teses&#44; mesmo nos doentes mais jovens &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 anos&#41;&#44; &#233; bem superior ao esperado &#40;46&#37; de DEV aos 20 anos de seguimento&#41;&#44; o que contraria o mau senso comum existente de que &#171;as pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas duram dez anos&#187; e suporta as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guidelines</span> atuais&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">a durabilidade das biopr&#243;teses est&#225; relacionada&#44; e isto &#233; um achado novo&#44; com os gradientes transvalvulares &#224; data da alta e&#44; em menor grau&#44; com o PMM p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio&#44; sendo estes fatores tanto mais importantes quanto mais jovem ou ativo for o doente&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">existir&#225; uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o risco de DEV e o risco cardiovascular&#44; embora muito mais t&#233;nue que a idade&#44; os gradientes e o PMM p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ser&#225; assim poss&#237;vel definir &#171;estrat&#233;gias de durabilidade&#187; que interessam aos doentes mais jovens&#44; como alternativa &#224;s pr&#243;teses mec&#226;nicas&#44; mas tamb&#233;m aos doentes mais velhos com uma boa expetativa de sobrevida&#44; e aos doentes assintom&#225;ticos com estenose a&#243;rtica grave em que a necessidade de hipocoagula&#231;&#227;o seja uma barreira &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o precoce&#46; S&#227;o ferramentas dessas estrat&#233;gias o controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular&#44; a vigil&#226;ncia ecocardiogr&#225;fica regular&#44; um risco cir&#250;rgico de reopera&#231;&#227;o baixo&#44; a viabilidade de um procedimento transcateter&#44; a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de biopr&#243;teses peric&#225;rdicas de 3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> gera&#231;&#227;o com suposta melhor hemodin&#226;mica e o potencial impacto positivo do alargamento da raiz da aorta quer no PMM quer nos gradientes valvulares residuais em grupos espec&#237;ficos de doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Long-term durability of bioprosthetic aortic valves&#58; implications from 12&#44;569 implants&#46; Johnston DR&#44; Soltesz EG&#44; Vakil N&#44; Rajeswaran J&#44; Roselli EE&#44; Sabik JF 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rd&#44; Smedira NG&#44; Svensson LG&#44; Lytle BW&#44; Blackstone EH&#46; Ann Thorac Surg&#46; 2015&#59;99&#58;1239-47</p></span>"
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                      "titulo" => "Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease &#40;version 2012&#41; The joint task force on the management of valvular heart disease of the ESC and EACTS"
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                            0 => "A&#46; Vahanian"
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                      "titulo" => "Aortic valve and ascending aorta guidelines for management and quality measures"
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                            0 => "L&#46;G&#46; Svensson"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
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                      "titulo" => "2014 AHA&#47;ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease&#46; A report of the ACC&#47;AHA task force on practice guidelines"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "e185"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Isolated aortic valve in North America comprising 108687 patients in 10 years&#58; changes in risks&#44; valve types and outcomes in the STS National Database"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Brown"
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                            2 => "C&#46; WU"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.08.015"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"
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                      "titulo" => "Aortic valve replacement&#58; is porcine or bovine valve better&#63;"
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                            0 => "K&#46;H&#46; Yap"
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/icvts/ivs447"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"
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                      "titulo" => "Comparision of the early haemodynamics of stented pericardial and porcine aortic valves"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"
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                      "titulo" => "Temporal trends in the incidence and prognosis of aortic stenosis&#46; A nationwide study of the Swedish population"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
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Idiomas
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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