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Case report
Murmur from a bullet: Old lesion, new treatment
Sopro de uma bala – lesão antiga, nova terapêutica
David Nevesa,b,
Corresponding author
dcneves25@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Nuno Bettencourtb, Pedro Bragab, Vasco Gamab
a Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal
b Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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a young man had been accidentally shot in the anterior chest &#40;4th-5th intercostal space&#41;&#44; suffering spine injury that resulted in paraplegia&#46; He retained functional autonomy in a wheelchair&#46; At age 15 a mild cardiac murmur was detected during a routine consultation&#44; but he had no cardiovascular symptoms&#46; At the age of 25&#44; although he was still asymptomatic&#44; the murmur had worsened and become continuous&#44; and he was referred for cardiological consultation&#46; Chest X-ray during etiological study revealed a hypodensity in the left perihilar region&#46; This finding was investigated by computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#44; which revealed a pseudoaneurysm&#44; with fistulization to the left pulmonary artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figures 1&#8211;3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following joint medical and surgical evaluation&#44; in view of the risks of intervention and the patient&#39;s clinical stability&#44; it was decided to adopt a conservative strategy and to continue cardiology follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient remained active and working&#44; with no cardiac symptoms during outpatient follow-up&#46; In 2007&#44; at age 35&#44; left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction &#40;ejection fraction 41&#37;&#41; were observed&#44; probably due to high output caused by the fistula&#46; The case was accordingly re-evaluated and it was decided to intervene&#46; A 28 mm&#215;100 mm Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft was implanted percutaneously&#59; the procedure was uneventful&#46; He continued to be monitored in cardiology follow-up consultations&#44; which showed good cardiovascular evolution&#44; with recovery of left ventricular function &#40;ejection fraction stable at 53&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; at age 41 and six years after the procedure&#44; he is well&#44; with no cardiovascular symptoms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0020">Figures 4 and 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion and conclusions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case illustrates the fact that several simple factors can make a significant difference to the outcome of a clinical case&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical picture&#44; in this case a murmur that subsequently developed new characteristics&#44; is of crucial importance in assessing a patient&#44; even when advanced technologies are available&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">New technology that can help confirm or establish a diagnosis and aid in therapeutic decision-making &#40;in this case CT and magnetic resonance imaging&#41;&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Team work&#44; in this case leading to the initial decision not to intervene&#44; on the grounds that the benefits did not justify the risks&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thoracic endovascular aortic repair&#44; which is now increasingly used and was an excellent option for this patient&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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