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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 65-year-old man with no history of cardiovascular disease was admitted because of abdominal pain&#44; nausea and lower limb edema&#46; At clinical examination he presented hepatomegaly&#44; ascites and laboratory evidence of liver failure&#46; The echocardiogram &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>A&#41; showed preserved biventricular function&#44; but a large irregular mass was visible in the right atrium &#40;arrow&#59; Supplementary data&#44; Movie 1 and 2&#41;&#46; Computed tomography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>B&#41; showed patchy contrast uptake and positron emission tomography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>C&#41; showed pathological uptake of 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose in the mass &#40;arrow&#41;&#44; extending along the inferior vena cava &#40;arrowheads&#41;&#44; suggesting a neoplastic nature&#46; At cardiovascular magnetic resonance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>D and E&#59; Supplementary data&#44; Movie 3 and 4&#41; the mass involved the right atrium &#40;arrow&#41; and extended into the inferior vena cava &#40;arrowheads&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; it presented irregular contours and signal characteristics typical of a neoplastic mass&#44; being irregularly hyperintense in T1-weighted fast-spin-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>A&#41;&#44; T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery fast-spin-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>B&#41; and post-contrast T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>C&#41;&#46; Because of his advanced disease and poor clinical condition&#44; the patient did not undergo surgical intervention and died a few days after diagnosis&#46; Autopsy confirmed the mass to be a leiomyosarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava with thrombotic apposition &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#44; composed of spindle cells with positive immunohistochemistry staining for smooth muscle actin&#44; desmin and vimentin&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor that presents in an insidious manner with non-specific symptoms&#46; Diagnosis often comes too late and&#44; even in patients who undergo radical surgical resection&#44; prognosis remains extremely poor&#46; Multimodality imaging is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Image in Cardiology
Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome
Leiomiosarcoma da veia cava inferior num doente com síndrome de Budd-Chiari
Andrea Barisona,b,
Corresponding author
barison@sssup.it

Corresponding author.
, Luigi Emilio Pastormerloa, Gianluca Mirizzia, Elisa Castelluccioc, Pier Giorgio Mascia, Claudio Passinoa,b
a Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
b Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
c University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance long-axis image of the heart&#44; showing a large mass inside the right atrium &#40;arrow&#41; appearing irregularly hyperintense in a T1-weighted fast-spin-echo sequence &#40;A&#41;&#44; a T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery fast-spin-echo sequence &#40;B&#41; and a post-contrast T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence &#40;C&#41;&#46; These signal characteristics&#44; together with the local invasiveness of the mass&#44; indicated a neoplastic nature&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 65-year-old man with no history of cardiovascular disease was admitted because of abdominal pain&#44; nausea and lower limb edema&#46; At clinical examination he presented hepatomegaly&#44; ascites and laboratory evidence of liver failure&#46; The echocardiogram &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>A&#41; showed preserved biventricular function&#44; but a large irregular mass was visible in the right atrium &#40;arrow&#59; Supplementary data&#44; Movie 1 and 2&#41;&#46; Computed tomography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>B&#41; showed patchy contrast uptake and positron emission tomography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>C&#41; showed pathological uptake of 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose in the mass &#40;arrow&#41;&#44; extending along the inferior vena cava &#40;arrowheads&#41;&#44; suggesting a neoplastic nature&#46; At cardiovascular magnetic resonance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>D and E&#59; Supplementary data&#44; Movie 3 and 4&#41; the mass involved the right atrium &#40;arrow&#41; and extended into the inferior vena cava &#40;arrowheads&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; it presented irregular contours and signal characteristics typical of a neoplastic mass&#44; being irregularly hyperintense in T1-weighted fast-spin-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>A&#41;&#44; T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery fast-spin-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>B&#41; and post-contrast T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>C&#41;&#46; Because of his advanced disease and poor clinical condition&#44; the patient did not undergo surgical intervention and died a few days after diagnosis&#46; Autopsy confirmed the mass to be a leiomyosarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava with thrombotic apposition &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#44; composed of spindle cells with positive immunohistochemistry staining for smooth muscle actin&#44; desmin and vimentin&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor that presents in an insidious manner with non-specific symptoms&#46; Diagnosis often comes too late and&#44; even in patients who undergo radical surgical resection&#44; prognosis remains extremely poor&#46; Multimodality imaging is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2014.06.008
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