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    "titulo" => "Coment&#225;rio a &#171;Padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce e risco de morte arr&#237;tmica&#46; Meta-an&#225;lise&#187;"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J com entalhe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;notching&#41;</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Objectives&#58;</span> A meta-analysis was performed to determine the risk and incidence rate of arrhythmia death&#44; cardiac death&#44; and all-cause death in the general population with the early repolarization pattern &#40;ERP&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background</span>&#58; The ERP has recently been associated with vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in case-control studies&#46; However&#44; the prognostic significance of the ERP in the general population is controversial&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> Relevant studies published through July 31&#44; 2012&#44; were searched and identified in the MEDLINE and Embase databases&#46; Studies that reported risk ratio estimates with 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;CIs&#41; for the associations of interest were included&#46; Data were extracted&#44; and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random-effects model&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> Of the 9 studies included&#44; 3 studies reported on arrhythmia death &#40;31&#44;981 subjects&#44; 1&#44;108 incident cases during 726&#44;741 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#44; 6 studies reported on cardiac death &#40;126&#44;583 subjects&#44; 10&#44;010 incident cases during 2&#44;054&#44;674 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#44; and 6 studies reported on all-cause death &#40;112&#44;443 subjects&#44; 22&#44;165 incident cases during 2&#44;089&#44;535 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#46; The risk ratios of the ERP were 1&#46;70 &#40;95&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">CI</span>&#58; 1&#46;19 to 2&#46;42&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41; for arrhythmia death&#44; 0&#46;78 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;27 to 2&#46;25&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;63&#41; for cardiac death&#44; and 1&#46;06 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;87 to 1&#46;28&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#41; for all-cause death&#46; The estimated absolute risk differences of subjects with the ERP were 70 cases of arrhythmia death per 100&#44;000 subjects per year&#46; J-point elevation &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV in the inferior leads and notching configuration had an increased risk for arrhythmia death in subgroup studies&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> The ERP was associated with increased risk and a low to intermediate absolute incidence rate of arrhythmia death&#46; Further study is needed to clarify which subgroups of subjects with the ERP are at higher risk for arrhythmia death&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Coment&#225;rio</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca &#40;MS&#41; constitui um problema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica nos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos sendo respons&#225;vel por 20&#37; da mortalidade global e cerca de 50&#37; da mortalidade cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A incid&#234;ncia ronda os 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 por ano nos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica e 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 na Europa&#44; com uma sobrevida &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#44; afetando todas as ra&#231;as&#44; com igual import&#226;ncia em homens e mulheres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Na maioria dos casos&#44; os epis&#243;dios de MS ocorrem fora do hospital&#44; sendo atribu&#237;dos em grande parte a causa arr&#237;tmica&#44; com maior destaque para as taquidisritmias ventriculares &#40;taquicardia ventricular e&#47;ou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; No grupo das diversas patologias associadas &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de MS evidenciam-se a doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria ateroscler&#243;tica&#44; que pode ser respons&#225;vel por 80&#37; dos casos e que regista um aumento significativo com o envelhecimento&#44; e as miocardiopatias&#44; que est&#227;o presentes em cerca de 15&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Os dist&#250;rbios eletrofisiol&#243;gicos na aus&#234;ncia de cardiopatia estrutural &#40;doen&#231;a el&#233;trica prim&#225;ria&#41;&#44; como a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT Longo ou QT Curto&#44; ou a taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica est&#227;o descritos numa percentagem mais baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce &#40;PRPr&#41;&#44; que se caracteriza pela eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV nas deriva&#231;&#245;es inferiores e&#47;ou laterais do ECG&#44; &#233; um achado comum&#44; geralmente considerado benigno&#46; No entanto&#44; recentemente tem sido sugerido em estudos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">case-control</span> que&#44; nalgumas ocasi&#245;es&#44; este padr&#227;o pode associar-se a maior vulnerabilidade para a ocorr&#234;ncia de fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;FV&#41;&#44; havendo uma potencial rela&#231;&#227;o clinicamente relevante para maior risco de MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a>&#46; O interesse por esta informa&#231;&#227;o tem sido crescente&#44; com estudos mostrando uma associa&#231;&#227;o com o risco de morte arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> ou de causa card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#44; identificando um aumento do risco de MS&#44; morte de causa card&#237;aca ou de mortalidade global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; ou n&#227;o estabelecendo essa rela&#231;&#227;o com valor significativo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente artigo&#44; os autores procuram esclarecer esta controv&#233;rsia&#44; conduzindo uma meta-an&#225;lise com nove estudos prospetivos&#44; que envolveu &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 indiv&#237;duos&#44; com seguimento a muito longo prazo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> m&#233;dio de 24 anos para a morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; de 18 anos para a morte de causa card&#237;aca e de 20 anos para a mortalidade global&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Foram considerados estudos publicados entre 2003-2012 para avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco relativo &#40;intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#41; para a ocorr&#234;ncia de morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; morte de causa card&#237;aca ou mortalidade global numa popula&#231;&#227;o com e sem documenta&#231;&#227;o de PRPr em ECG de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es&#46; Foram utilizados m&#233;todos estat&#237;sticos para avaliar a heterogeneidade entre os estudos&#44; testar vi&#233;s das publica&#231;&#245;es ou ajustar os resultados para os fatores de risco basal de ambos os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tr&#234;s estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>981&#59; 1108 eventos&#41; reportaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o PRPr e morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; seis estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>126<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>583&#59; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>010 eventos&#41; consideraram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre PRPr e morte card&#237;aca&#44; e em seis estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>112<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>443&#59; 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>165 eventos&#41; foi avaliada a rela&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade total&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a de PRPr associou-se a maior risco de morte arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;70&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; mas n&#227;o a morte de causa card&#237;aca &#40;RR&#58; 0&#44;8&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;64&#41; ou aumento da mortalidade global &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;06&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;57&#41;&#46; A configura&#231;&#227;o da eleva&#231;&#227;o ponto J com um entalhe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; tamb&#233;m se associou a aumento do risco de morte arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;48&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;22&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a an&#225;lise por subgrupos mostrou que aqueles com eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 mV e com ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV nas deriva&#231;&#245;es inferiores tiveram maior mortalidade arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 3&#44;02&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e RR&#58; 1&#44;58&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respetivamente&#41; e de causa card&#237;aca &#40;RR&#58; 2&#44;98&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e RR&#58; 1&#44;48&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta meta-an&#225;lise sugerem de forma consistente que o PRPr se associa a maior risco de morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; mas n&#227;o a morte de causa card&#237;aca ou mortalidade global &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;&#46; Os dados mostram tamb&#233;m que o risco absoluto &#233; baixo a moderado&#44; uma vez que o n&#250;mero de casos com morte arr&#237;tmica foi de 70 por 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 pessoas&#47;ano de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> na popula&#231;&#227;o com PRPr&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de baseado num n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de estudos&#44; o que limita a identifica&#231;&#227;o de subgrupos de maior risco ou o impacto da heterogeneidade na qualidade da an&#225;lise&#44; n&#227;o se evidenciaram vieses na publica&#231;&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco de morte arr&#237;tmica e nenhum dos estudos mostrou que individualmente pudesse influenciar significativamente os resultados obtidos&#46; Como fatores que refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia desta meta-an&#225;lise&#44; devemos considerar a grande dimens&#227;o da amostra&#44; a longa dura&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> e o facto de se tratarem de estudos prospetivos com vari&#225;veis e objetivos bem definidos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mecanismo pelo qual o PRPr aumenta o risco de morte arr&#237;tmica permanece por esclarecer&#44; sendo controversa a distin&#231;&#227;o entre variantes benignas e malignas&#46; Neste &#226;mbito&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o de subgrupos de maior risco constitui uma &#225;rea de intensa investiga&#231;&#227;o&#44; admitindo-se que a eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J possa ser um marcador de maior heterogeneidade transmural da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; capaz de&#44; na presen&#231;a de fatores pr&#243;-arr&#237;tmicos ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">triggers</span> &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es do t&#243;nus auton&#243;mico&#44; hipocaliemia&#44; dispers&#227;o da refratariedade ventricular ou potenciais tardios fragmentados&#41; aumentar a vulnerabilidade para FV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46; Apesar de se considerar que a grande maioria dos indiv&#237;duos com PRPr ter&#225; uma evolu&#231;&#227;o benigna&#44; particularmente se assintom&#225;ticos&#44; sem documenta&#231;&#227;o de arritmias ventriculares complexas e sem hist&#243;ria familiar de MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos cl&#237;nicos e experimentais que permitam contribuir para a compreens&#227;o dos mecanismos arritmog&#233;nicos relacionados com esta entidade&#44; mantendo uma atitude cl&#237;nica de precau&#231;&#227;o por forma a identificar os elementos a ter em conta numa estrat&#233;gia de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada a esta popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Artigo Recomendado do Mês
Comentário a «Padrão de repolarização precoce e risco de morte arrítmica. Meta-análise»
Mário Oliveira, Membro do Corpo Redatorial da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J com entalhe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;notching&#41;</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Objectives&#58;</span> A meta-analysis was performed to determine the risk and incidence rate of arrhythmia death&#44; cardiac death&#44; and all-cause death in the general population with the early repolarization pattern &#40;ERP&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background</span>&#58; The ERP has recently been associated with vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in case-control studies&#46; However&#44; the prognostic significance of the ERP in the general population is controversial&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> Relevant studies published through July 31&#44; 2012&#44; were searched and identified in the MEDLINE and Embase databases&#46; Studies that reported risk ratio estimates with 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;CIs&#41; for the associations of interest were included&#46; Data were extracted&#44; and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random-effects model&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> Of the 9 studies included&#44; 3 studies reported on arrhythmia death &#40;31&#44;981 subjects&#44; 1&#44;108 incident cases during 726&#44;741 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#44; 6 studies reported on cardiac death &#40;126&#44;583 subjects&#44; 10&#44;010 incident cases during 2&#44;054&#44;674 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#44; and 6 studies reported on all-cause death &#40;112&#44;443 subjects&#44; 22&#44;165 incident cases during 2&#44;089&#44;535 person-years of follow-up&#41;&#46; The risk ratios of the ERP were 1&#46;70 &#40;95&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">CI</span>&#58; 1&#46;19 to 2&#46;42&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41; for arrhythmia death&#44; 0&#46;78 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;27 to 2&#46;25&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;63&#41; for cardiac death&#44; and 1&#46;06 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;87 to 1&#46;28&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#41; for all-cause death&#46; The estimated absolute risk differences of subjects with the ERP were 70 cases of arrhythmia death per 100&#44;000 subjects per year&#46; J-point elevation &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV in the inferior leads and notching configuration had an increased risk for arrhythmia death in subgroup studies&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> The ERP was associated with increased risk and a low to intermediate absolute incidence rate of arrhythmia death&#46; Further study is needed to clarify which subgroups of subjects with the ERP are at higher risk for arrhythmia death&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Coment&#225;rio</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca &#40;MS&#41; constitui um problema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica nos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos sendo respons&#225;vel por 20&#37; da mortalidade global e cerca de 50&#37; da mortalidade cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A incid&#234;ncia ronda os 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 por ano nos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica e 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 na Europa&#44; com uma sobrevida &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#44; afetando todas as ra&#231;as&#44; com igual import&#226;ncia em homens e mulheres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Na maioria dos casos&#44; os epis&#243;dios de MS ocorrem fora do hospital&#44; sendo atribu&#237;dos em grande parte a causa arr&#237;tmica&#44; com maior destaque para as taquidisritmias ventriculares &#40;taquicardia ventricular e&#47;ou fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; No grupo das diversas patologias associadas &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de MS evidenciam-se a doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria ateroscler&#243;tica&#44; que pode ser respons&#225;vel por 80&#37; dos casos e que regista um aumento significativo com o envelhecimento&#44; e as miocardiopatias&#44; que est&#227;o presentes em cerca de 15&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Os dist&#250;rbios eletrofisiol&#243;gicos na aus&#234;ncia de cardiopatia estrutural &#40;doen&#231;a el&#233;trica prim&#225;ria&#41;&#44; como a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada&#44; a s&#237;ndrome do QT Longo ou QT Curto&#44; ou a taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica catecolamin&#233;rgica est&#227;o descritos numa percentagem mais baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce &#40;PRPr&#41;&#44; que se caracteriza pela eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV nas deriva&#231;&#245;es inferiores e&#47;ou laterais do ECG&#44; &#233; um achado comum&#44; geralmente considerado benigno&#46; No entanto&#44; recentemente tem sido sugerido em estudos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">case-control</span> que&#44; nalgumas ocasi&#245;es&#44; este padr&#227;o pode associar-se a maior vulnerabilidade para a ocorr&#234;ncia de fibrilha&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#40;FV&#41;&#44; havendo uma potencial rela&#231;&#227;o clinicamente relevante para maior risco de MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a>&#46; O interesse por esta informa&#231;&#227;o tem sido crescente&#44; com estudos mostrando uma associa&#231;&#227;o com o risco de morte arr&#237;tmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> ou de causa card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#44; identificando um aumento do risco de MS&#44; morte de causa card&#237;aca ou de mortalidade global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; ou n&#227;o estabelecendo essa rela&#231;&#227;o com valor significativo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente artigo&#44; os autores procuram esclarecer esta controv&#233;rsia&#44; conduzindo uma meta-an&#225;lise com nove estudos prospetivos&#44; que envolveu &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 indiv&#237;duos&#44; com seguimento a muito longo prazo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> m&#233;dio de 24 anos para a morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; de 18 anos para a morte de causa card&#237;aca e de 20 anos para a mortalidade global&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Foram considerados estudos publicados entre 2003-2012 para avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco relativo &#40;intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#41; para a ocorr&#234;ncia de morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; morte de causa card&#237;aca ou mortalidade global numa popula&#231;&#227;o com e sem documenta&#231;&#227;o de PRPr em ECG de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es&#46; Foram utilizados m&#233;todos estat&#237;sticos para avaliar a heterogeneidade entre os estudos&#44; testar vi&#233;s das publica&#231;&#245;es ou ajustar os resultados para os fatores de risco basal de ambos os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tr&#234;s estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>981&#59; 1108 eventos&#41; reportaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o PRPr e morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; seis estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>126<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>583&#59; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>010 eventos&#41; consideraram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre PRPr e morte card&#237;aca&#44; e em seis estudos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>112<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>443&#59; 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>165 eventos&#41; foi avaliada a rela&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade total&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a de PRPr associou-se a maior risco de morte arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;70&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; mas n&#227;o a morte de causa card&#237;aca &#40;RR&#58; 0&#44;8&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;64&#41; ou aumento da mortalidade global &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;06&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;57&#41;&#46; A configura&#231;&#227;o da eleva&#231;&#227;o ponto J com um entalhe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figura 1</a>&#41; tamb&#233;m se associou a aumento do risco de morte arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 1&#44;48&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;22&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a an&#225;lise por subgrupos mostrou que aqueles com eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 mV e com ponto J &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mV nas deriva&#231;&#245;es inferiores tiveram maior mortalidade arr&#237;tmica &#40;RR&#58; 3&#44;02&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e RR&#58; 1&#44;58&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respetivamente&#41; e de causa card&#237;aca &#40;RR&#58; 2&#44;98&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e RR&#58; 1&#44;48&#59; p &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta meta-an&#225;lise sugerem de forma consistente que o PRPr se associa a maior risco de morte arr&#237;tmica&#44; mas n&#227;o a morte de causa card&#237;aca ou mortalidade global &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figura 2</a>&#41;&#46; Os dados mostram tamb&#233;m que o risco absoluto &#233; baixo a moderado&#44; uma vez que o n&#250;mero de casos com morte arr&#237;tmica foi de 70 por 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 pessoas&#47;ano de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> na popula&#231;&#227;o com PRPr&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de baseado num n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de estudos&#44; o que limita a identifica&#231;&#227;o de subgrupos de maior risco ou o impacto da heterogeneidade na qualidade da an&#225;lise&#44; n&#227;o se evidenciaram vieses na publica&#231;&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco de morte arr&#237;tmica e nenhum dos estudos mostrou que individualmente pudesse influenciar significativamente os resultados obtidos&#46; Como fatores que refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia desta meta-an&#225;lise&#44; devemos considerar a grande dimens&#227;o da amostra&#44; a longa dura&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span> e o facto de se tratarem de estudos prospetivos com vari&#225;veis e objetivos bem definidos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mecanismo pelo qual o PRPr aumenta o risco de morte arr&#237;tmica permanece por esclarecer&#44; sendo controversa a distin&#231;&#227;o entre variantes benignas e malignas&#46; Neste &#226;mbito&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o de subgrupos de maior risco constitui uma &#225;rea de intensa investiga&#231;&#227;o&#44; admitindo-se que a eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J possa ser um marcador de maior heterogeneidade transmural da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; capaz de&#44; na presen&#231;a de fatores pr&#243;-arr&#237;tmicos ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">triggers</span> &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es do t&#243;nus auton&#243;mico&#44; hipocaliemia&#44; dispers&#227;o da refratariedade ventricular ou potenciais tardios fragmentados&#41; aumentar a vulnerabilidade para FV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46; Apesar de se considerar que a grande maioria dos indiv&#237;duos com PRPr ter&#225; uma evolu&#231;&#227;o benigna&#44; particularmente se assintom&#225;ticos&#44; sem documenta&#231;&#227;o de arritmias ventriculares complexas e sem hist&#243;ria familiar de MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos cl&#237;nicos e experimentais que permitam contribuir para a compreens&#227;o dos mecanismos arritmog&#233;nicos relacionados com esta entidade&#44; mantendo uma atitude cl&#237;nica de precau&#231;&#227;o por forma a identificar os elementos a ter em conta numa estrat&#233;gia de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada a esta popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incid&#234;ncia e risco relativo de mortalidade global&#44; morte de causa card&#237;aca ou morte arr&#237;tmica em indiv&#237;duos com padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce durante o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow-up</span>&#46;</p>"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: Spanish
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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