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Vol. 31. Issue 6.
Pages 467-468 (June 2012)
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Vol. 31. Issue 6.
Pages 467-468 (June 2012)
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Comment on “Baseline characteristics and follow-up in patients with normal haemodynamics versus borderline mean pulmonary arterial pressure in systemic sclerosis: results from the PHAROS registry”
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Graça Castro
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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Baseline characteristics and follow-up in patients with normal haemodynamics versus borderline mean pulmonary arterial pressure in systemic sclerosis: results from the PHAROS registry. Bae S, Saggar R, Bolster MB, Chung L, Csuka ME, Derk C, Domsic R, Fischer A, Frech T, Goldberg A, Hinchcliff M, HSU V, Hummers L, Schiopu E, Mayes MD, Mclaughlin V, Molitor J, Naz N, Furst DE, Maranian P, Steen V, Khanna D. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Feb 2. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200546.

Abstract

Background: Patients with normal (mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≤20mm Hg) and borderline mean pulmonary pressures (21-24mm Hg) are “at risk” of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH). The objectives of this analysis were to examine the baseline characteristics in systemic sclerosis (SSc) with normal and borderline mPAP and to explore long-term outcomes in SSc patients with borderline mPAP versus normal haemodynamics.

Methods: PHAROS is a multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort of patients with SSc “at risk” or recently diagnosed with resting PH on right heart catheterisation (RHC). Baseline clinical characteristics, pulmonary function tests, high-resolution CT, 2-dimensional echocardiogram and RHC results were analysed in normal and borderline mPAP groups.

Results: 206 patients underwent RHC (results showed 35 normal, 28 borderline mPAP, 143 resting PH). There were no differences in the baseline demographics. Patients in the borderline mPAP group were more likely to have restrictive lung disease (67% vs 30%), fibrosis on high-resolution CT and a higher estimated right ventricular systolic pressure on echocardiogram (46.3 vs 36.2mm Hg; p<0.05) than patients with normal haemodynamics. RHC revealed higher pulmonary vascular resistance and more elevated mPAP on exercise (≥30; 88% vs 56%) in the borderline mPAP group (p<0.05 for both). Patients were followed for a mean of 25.7 months and 24 patients had a repeat RHC during this period. During follow-up, 55% of the borderline mPAP group and 32% of the normal group developed resting PH (p=NS).

Conclusions: Patients with borderline mPAP have a greater prevalence of abnormal lung physiology, pulmonary fibrosis and the presence of exercise mPAP ≥30mm Hg.

Comentário

A hipertensão arterial pulmonar representa provavelmente um fenómeno tardio que se insere num processo patológico contínuo que é a doença vascular pulmonar.

Existe hoje evidência científica consistente de que o benefício da terapêutica específica é maior quando o tratamento é iniciado em fases mais precoces da doença1–4, reforçando a importância do diagnóstico precoce.

As recomendações mais recentes estabelecem que a hipertensão pulmonar se define como valores de pressão média na artéria pulmonar superiores ou iguais a 25mmHg avaliados por cateterismo direito em repouso5. No entanto, uma revisão recente identifica que a pressão média na artéria pulmonar é de 14mmHg em indivíduos saudáveis, sendo o limite superior do normal 20 mmHg6. Fica por definir o significado de valores entre 20 e 24mmHg, habitualmente considerada hipertensão pulmonar borderline.

O presente artigo emana do estudo PHAROS7, estudo prospetivo e observacional, que engloba doentes com esclerodermia. Esta análise8 compara o grupo de doentes que apresentam valores de pressão média pulmonar inferior a 20mmHg com o grupo dos que têm valores borderline, e constata que estes últimos têm maior resistência vascular pulmonar, atingem valores mais elevados de pressão pulmonar com o exercício e têm maior probabilidade de vir a apresentar hipertensão arterial pulmonar durante o seguimento.

Apesar de estar longe de ser definitivo e de ter várias limitações, este estudo tem o mérito de relançar a discussão sobre os critérios hemodinâmicos para o diagnóstico de hipertensão pulmonar, em repouso e em esforço.

Valores de pressão média na artéria pulmonar entre 20 e 24mmHg podem refletir uma fase mais precoce da doença, sobretudo se presentes num grupo de doentes com risco maior de desenvolver doença vascular pulmonar.

Existe ainda um longo caminho a percorrer para melhorar a sobrevida dos doentes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar. Na era terapêutica atual abrangida pelo registo francês, a sobrevida é inferior a 60% aos 3 anos9. Incentivar o diagnóstico numa fase precoce e adotar metodologias e critérios que conduzam a uma identificação da doença vascular pulmonar em fases mais iniciais, será com toda a probabilidade determinante para a melhoria de um prognóstico que continua sombrio.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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