Journal Information
Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 711-716 (September 2011)
Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 711-716 (September 2011)
Artigo Original
Open Access
Fluido torácico total – Um possível determinante da eficácia ventilatória em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca
Thoracic fluid content – A possible determinant of ventilatory efficiency in patients with heart failure
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Bruno Tereno Valente
Corresponding author
bvalente@lycos.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Joana Feliciano, Rui Soares, Alexandra Toste, Filipa Ferreira, Hamad Hamad, Ninel Santos, Sofia Silva, Ana Abreu, Rui Ferreira
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
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Resumo

A eficácia ventilatória, avaliada por prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória (PECR), tem um importante valor prognóstico em doentes (dts) com insuficiência cardíaca crónica (ICC) por disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda (DSVE). Os seus determinantes mantêm-se, contudo, controversos.

Objectivo

Investigar a eventual correlação entre parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, obtidos por PECR, e o valor do fluido torácico total (FTT), avaliado por bioimpedância eléctrica torácica (BET), em dts com ICC por DSVE.

Métodos

Estudámos 120 dts com ICC por DSVE, referenciados ao nosso laboratório para PECR – 76% do sexo masculino, idade 52,1±12,1 anos, 37% de etiologia isquémica, fracção de ejecção ventricular esquerda 27,6±7,9%, 83% em ritmo sinusal, 96% sob iECA e/ou ARAII, 79% sob beta-bloqueante e 20% tratados com dispositivo de ressincronização cardíaca. Os dts efectuaram PECR, em tapete rolante, protocolo de Bruce modificado, sendo considerados para análise, como parâmetro de capacidade funcional, o consumo de oxigénio de pico (VO2p) e, como parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, o declive (d) da relação entre ventilação minuto (VE) e produção de CO2 (VCO2) e o valor do VE/VCO2 no limiar anaeróbico (LANA). Os estudos por BET, média de 20 minutos de aquisição, foram efectuados após 15 minutos de repouso, em posição supina, imediatamente antes das PECR, sendo analisado o valor do FTT.

Resultados

O valor do FTT variou entre 20,6 e 45,8kOhm−1, média=32,2, DP=5,7, mediana=32,7, o de VO2p entre 8,9 e 40,6ml/kg/min, média=21,0, DP=6,2, mediana=20,2, o do dVE/VCO2 entre 19,8 e 60,7, média=30,7, DP=7,9, mediana=29,1 e o do VE/VCO2 no LANA entre 21 e 62, média=33,1, DP=7,5, mediana=31,5. Por regressão linear, o FTT não se correlacionou com o VO2p – r=0,05, p=0,58 – mas apresentou correlação com os parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória analisados: r=0,20, p=0,032, r2=0,04 com dVE/VCO2 e r=0,25, p=0,009, r2=0.06 com VE/VCO2 no LANA.

Conclusão

O FTT correlaciona-se com os parâmetros de eficácia ventilatória, avaliados por PECR, em dts com ICC por DSVE, o que indica que poderá ser um dos seus determinantes.

Palavras-chave:
Insuficiência cardíaca
Prova de esforço
Eficácia ventilatória
Cardiografia de impedância
Fluido torácico total
Abstract

Ventilatory efficiency, evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), has considerable prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Its determinants nevertheless remain controversial.

Aim

To investigate the possible correlation between parameters of ventilatory efficiency obtained by CPET and thoracic fluid content (TFC), assessed by thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), in patients with CHF due to LVSD.

Methods

We studied 120 patients with LVSD and CHF, referred to our laboratory for CPET: 76% male, age 52.1±12.1 years, 37% of ischemic etiology, left ventricular ejection fraction 27.6±7.9%, 83% in sinus rhythm, 96% receiving ACEIs and/or ARBs and 79% beta-blockers, and 20% treated with a cardiac resynchronization device. TEB studies were performed after 15 minutes of rest, prior to symptom-limited treadmill CPET, using the modified Bruce protocol. CPET-derived peak oxygen consumption (pVO2), the slope of the relationship between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), VE/VCO2 at the anaerobic threshold (AT), and TFC assessed by TEB were considered for analysis.

Results

TFC ranged between 20.6 and 45.8kOhm−1, mean 32.2, SD=5.7, median 32.7, pVO2 8.9–40.6 ml/kg/min, mean 21.0, SD 6.2, median 20.2, VE/VCO2 slope 19.8–60.7, mean 30.7, SD 7.9, median 29.1 and VE/VCO2 at AT 21–62, mean 33.1, SD 7.5, median 31.5. By linear regression, TFC did not correlate with pVO2 (r=0.05, p=0.58), but showed correlation with parameters of ventilatory efficiency: r=0.20, p=0.032, r2=0.04 for VE/VCO2 slope and r=0.25, p=0.009, r2=0.06 for VE/VCO2 at AT.

Conclusion

TFC correlates with CPET parameters of ventilatory efficiency in patients with CHF due to LVSD, suggesting that it may be one of its determinants.

Keywords:
Heart failure
Exercise testing
Ventilatory efficiency
Impedance cardiography
Thoracic fluid content
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