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Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 703-710 (September 2011)
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Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 703-710 (September 2011)
Artigo Original
Open Access
Family history of coronary heart disease, health care and health behaviors
História familiar de doença coronária, cuidados e comportamentos em saúde
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Paula Tavaresa,c, Andreia Oliveiraa,b,c, Carla Lopesa,b,c,
Corresponding author
carlal@med.up.pt

Corresponding author.
a Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
b Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
c Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Introduction

Previous studies on health care and health behaviors in individuals with a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) have produced contradictory results, and there is still no evidence that these individuals are more aware of their risk and have improved health behaviors and heath care. This study aims to evaluate health care and health behaviors according to family history of CHD.

Methods

Individuals randomly selected from the general population living in Porto, Portugal, aged ≥18 years (evaluation period: 1999–2003), and without prior history of chronic diseases (n=764), were evaluated by questionnaires on family and personal disease history, health care and health behaviors. A family history of CHD was defined as the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction or sudden death in at least one first-degree relative. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after stratification for age (18–39 vs. ≥40 years) and education (≤6 vs. >6 years schooling).

Results

Among men, 20% reported a family history of CHD, approximately the same proportion as in women (19.4%) (p=0.900). The proportion of subjects with a family history of CHD was significantly higher in older (≥40 vs. 18–39 years: 25.0% vs. 12.0%, p<0.001) and less educated individuals (>6 vs. ≤6 years: 27.0% vs. 17.1%, p=0.004). Overall, no significant associations were found between health care and behaviors and CHD family history. Only in younger individuals, after adjustment for education, was a significant positive association found between 1–2 dental visits and CHD family history (OR=2.92; 95% CI: 1.27–6.70). Younger subjects who smoked and consumed alcohol and caffeine also presented a higher probability of having CHD family history, but the associations were not statistically significant.

Discussion and conclusions

In this population without disease requiring regular medical care, individuals with CHD family history had similar care-seeking patterns and health behaviors to those without. These results suggest a lack of awareness of their increased risk and highlight the importance of developing measures to promote sustained and effective changes in risk factors in individuals with genetic susceptibility to CHD.

Keywords:
Coronary heart disease
Genetic predisposition to disease
Health care
Health behavior
Resumo
Introdução

Estudos prévios sobre cuidados e comportamentos em saúde em indivíduos com história familiar de doença coronária (DC) revelaram resultados contraditórios, pelo que não está ainda esclarecido se estes indivíduos apresentam uma melhor percepção do seu risco cardiovascular e por esse facto adoptam comportamentos mais saudáveis e apresentam melhores cuidados médicos. Este estudo pretende avaliar comportamentos e cuidados em saúde de acordo com a história familiar de DC.

Métodos

Os participantes foram seleccionados aleatoriamente de entre a população residente no Porto com idade ≥ 18 anos e incluídos no estudo se não apresentassem história pessoal de doença crónica (n=764) (período de avaliação: 1999–2003). A informação foi recolhida através de um questionário estruturado sobre a história pessoal e familiar de doença, factores comportamentais e cuidados em saúde. Foi considerada uma história familiar de DC pela ocorrência de enfarte agudo do miocárdio ou morte súbita em pelo menos um familiar em primeiro grau (pais ou irmãos). As associações foram avaliadas por odds ratio e os respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95% (OR, IC 95%), obtidos por regressão logística não condicional após estratificação e ajuste para a idade (18–39 versus ≥ 40 anos) e a escolaridade (≤ 6 versus > 6 anos).

Resultados

A prevalência de história familiar de DC foi de 19,8% (20% nos homens e 19,4% nas mulheres; p = 0,900). A proporção de indivíduos com história familiar de DC foi significativamente superior nos indivíduos mais velhos (≥ 40 versus 18–39 anos: 25,0% versus 12,0%, p<0,001) e menos escolarizados (> 6 versus ≤ 6 anos: 27,0% versus 17,1%, p=0,004). No geral não foi encontrada qualquer associação significativa entre os cuidados e comportamentos em saúde e a história familiar de DC. Apenas nos indivíduos mais jovens (18–39 anos) se observou uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre os que consultaram o dentista 1–2 vezes no último ano e a história familiar de DC, mesmo após ajuste para a escolaridade (OR=2,92; IC 95%: 1,27–6,70). Também os indivíduos mais novos com história familiar de DC apresentaram uma maior prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e de consumo de álcool e cafeína, apesar de as diferenças não se mostrarem estatisticamente significativas.

Discussão e conclusões

Nesta população de indivíduos sem história prévia de doença que os obrigue a cuidados médicos regulares verificou-se que os indivíduos com história familiar de DC apresentavam comportamentos e cuidados em saúde semelhantes aos indivíduos sem história familiar de DC. Os resultados obtidos sugerem um desconhecimento da relevância da história familiar no desenvolvimento da sua própria doença e do seu risco acrescido. Salientam também a importância do desenvolvimento de medidas que conduzam à mudança efectiva dos factores de risco modificáveis nestes indivíduos com susceptibilidade genética à DC.

Palavras-chave:
Doença coronária
Predisposição genética à doença
Cuidados em saúde
Comportamentos em saúde
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