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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary calcium scoring &#40;CCS&#41; is a simple&#44; robust and powerful weapon for optimizing patient management that is still underused and poorly understood&#46; Evidence shows that rather than identifying coronary stenosis and areas of ischemia&#44; we should instead identify the patient at risk&#44; using appropriate stratifying tools and treating high-risk patients accordingly while avoiding unnecessary medication in low-risk patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> But&#44; somehow&#44; the appeal of identifying the responsible plaque and the exact area of myocardial ischemia involved in symptoms seems to outweigh any evidence that science can produce&#46; As cardiologists&#44; we like to know the mechanisms involved and try to act on them&#46; Despite evidence that it is not really necessary to know exactly where the stenosis is and that stenoses do not need to be treated in stable coronary patients&#44; years of common practice and cardiology teaching make us keep trying to find an obstructed vessel and areas of ischemia to act on&#46; We are&#44; once more&#44; forgetting that rather than treating the stenosis and myocardial ischemia&#44; we should be treating the patient&#46; And patients with no obstructive disease are sometimes at higher risk of a coronary event than others with identified obstructive coronary artery disease &#40;CAD&#41;&#46; This is why fundamental information concerning overall coronary atherosclerotic burden and CV risk is frequently overlooked by physicians in general and cardiologists in particular&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CCS is one of the best stratification tools currently available&#46; It is cheap&#44; robust&#44; and adds stratification power to all available clinical risk scores&#46; It is currently indicated in asymptomatic intermediate-risk patients to further stratify CV risk and to manage accordingly&#44; which is particularly important in the decision whether to start statin therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> Additionally&#44; it is generally offered as supplementary information in symptomatic patients referred for computed tomography coronary angiography &#40;CCTA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the very interesting paper by Matos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> published in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>&#44; the authors retrospectively studied 467 patients who underwent CCTA for suspected CAD over a two-year period&#44; aiming to assess the impact of CCS results on risk re-stratification by SCORE and MESA&#44; two risk scores commonly used in clinical practice&#46; In a subset of 184 patients&#44; the impact of CCS on medical prescription was also studied&#44; by comparing the prescription of statins and antiplatelet agents &#40;APAs&#41; before and after the examination according to three CAC categories &#40;0&#44; 1-100&#44; and &#62;100 Agatston units &#91;AU&#93;&#41;&#46; As expected&#44; the inclusion of CCS data resulted in the reclassification of risk in a significant proportion of cases&#46; However&#44; in the studied subgroup&#44; the change in the proportion of patients receiving statins or APAs before and after the examination did not reach statistical significance&#46; In the subgroup of patients with CCS &#62;100 AU&#44; there were increases of 10&#37; and 15&#37; in the prescription of statins and APAs &#40;versus 2&#37; and -1&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; in patients with CCS 0 AU&#41;&#46; The authors conclude that little change was seen in the prescription of statins and antiplatelet therapy&#46; I would not conclude that increases in prescription of this order of magnitude represent little change &#40;despite the absence of statistically significant differences&#44; which is mainly driven by the small sample size of 184 patients&#41;&#44; but I tend to agree with the authors&#8217; disappointment at the lost opportunity for better treatment that these data represent in the vast majority of these patients&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This paper is therefore a wake-up call that touches a raw nerve&#58; not all the information contained in a CCTA report is fully taken into consideration and translated into better patient management&#46; This is unfortunately in line with previous studies from the same group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> and data from other countries&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability of CCS to reclassify CV risk is well known and its use is recommended in the guidelines for therapeutic decision-making&#46; However&#44; its real effect on prescription patterns is unknown&#44; especially when performed as part of a CCTA examination in symptomatic patients&#46; In this context&#44; the referring physician is focused on excluding obstructive CAD as the cause of symptoms and may undervalue or simply ignore the additional information offered by CCS&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cardiologists&#44; like the medical community in general&#44; should be able to better utilize the amazing tools that science and technology have provided to us in recent decades&#46; Some of the greatest achievements are not based on beautiful high-resolution images of the heart or high-tech state-of-the-art procedures&#46; The magic of CAD treatment is to correctly identify patients in need of optimal medical therapy and to apply it in a timely fashion&#44; while avoiding over-treatment and over-testing both in this population and in low-risk patients&#46; CCS is a IIa indication in the guidelines in several contexts but seems to be overlooked both in primary care &#40;where it would be most useful&#41; and in hospital settings&#44; as this study nicely demonstrates&#46; While in the former&#44; availability and reimbursement may be &#8211; in fact are&#33; &#8211; the principal obstacle to widespread use&#44; in the latter&#44; only tradition and the constant focus of procedure-driven cardiology on stenosis and ischemia can explain the underutilization of data that are readily available&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a country fighting to keep health-related costs under control&#44; where cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality&#44; better use of global cardiovascular risk stratification tools&#44; particularly CCS&#44; and treating accordingly&#44; would most probably lead to better cardiovascular outcomes&#44; while reducing unnecessary testing and inappropriate medication&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The evidence is there&#46; If the data are also there&#44; let&#39;s use them&#33;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Editorial comment
Prime time for coronary calcium scoring: It should come, but will it?
Prime time para o score de cálcio coronário: deveria, mas… será que vai chegar?
Nuno Bettencourt
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary calcium scoring &#40;CCS&#41; is a simple&#44; robust and powerful weapon for optimizing patient management that is still underused and poorly understood&#46; Evidence shows that rather than identifying coronary stenosis and areas of ischemia&#44; we should instead identify the patient at risk&#44; using appropriate stratifying tools and treating high-risk patients accordingly while avoiding unnecessary medication in low-risk patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> But&#44; somehow&#44; the appeal of identifying the responsible plaque and the exact area of myocardial ischemia involved in symptoms seems to outweigh any evidence that science can produce&#46; As cardiologists&#44; we like to know the mechanisms involved and try to act on them&#46; Despite evidence that it is not really necessary to know exactly where the stenosis is and that stenoses do not need to be treated in stable coronary patients&#44; years of common practice and cardiology teaching make us keep trying to find an obstructed vessel and areas of ischemia to act on&#46; We are&#44; once more&#44; forgetting that rather than treating the stenosis and myocardial ischemia&#44; we should be treating the patient&#46; And patients with no obstructive disease are sometimes at higher risk of a coronary event than others with identified obstructive coronary artery disease &#40;CAD&#41;&#46; This is why fundamental information concerning overall coronary atherosclerotic burden and CV risk is frequently overlooked by physicians in general and cardiologists in particular&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CCS is one of the best stratification tools currently available&#46; It is cheap&#44; robust&#44; and adds stratification power to all available clinical risk scores&#46; It is currently indicated in asymptomatic intermediate-risk patients to further stratify CV risk and to manage accordingly&#44; which is particularly important in the decision whether to start statin therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> Additionally&#44; it is generally offered as supplementary information in symptomatic patients referred for computed tomography coronary angiography &#40;CCTA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the very interesting paper by Matos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> published in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>&#44; the authors retrospectively studied 467 patients who underwent CCTA for suspected CAD over a two-year period&#44; aiming to assess the impact of CCS results on risk re-stratification by SCORE and MESA&#44; two risk scores commonly used in clinical practice&#46; In a subset of 184 patients&#44; the impact of CCS on medical prescription was also studied&#44; by comparing the prescription of statins and antiplatelet agents &#40;APAs&#41; before and after the examination according to three CAC categories &#40;0&#44; 1-100&#44; and &#62;100 Agatston units &#91;AU&#93;&#41;&#46; As expected&#44; the inclusion of CCS data resulted in the reclassification of risk in a significant proportion of cases&#46; However&#44; in the studied subgroup&#44; the change in the proportion of patients receiving statins or APAs before and after the examination did not reach statistical significance&#46; In the subgroup of patients with CCS &#62;100 AU&#44; there were increases of 10&#37; and 15&#37; in the prescription of statins and APAs &#40;versus 2&#37; and -1&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; in patients with CCS 0 AU&#41;&#46; The authors conclude that little change was seen in the prescription of statins and antiplatelet therapy&#46; I would not conclude that increases in prescription of this order of magnitude represent little change &#40;despite the absence of statistically significant differences&#44; which is mainly driven by the small sample size of 184 patients&#41;&#44; but I tend to agree with the authors&#8217; disappointment at the lost opportunity for better treatment that these data represent in the vast majority of these patients&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This paper is therefore a wake-up call that touches a raw nerve&#58; not all the information contained in a CCTA report is fully taken into consideration and translated into better patient management&#46; This is unfortunately in line with previous studies from the same group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> and data from other countries&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability of CCS to reclassify CV risk is well known and its use is recommended in the guidelines for therapeutic decision-making&#46; However&#44; its real effect on prescription patterns is unknown&#44; especially when performed as part of a CCTA examination in symptomatic patients&#46; In this context&#44; the referring physician is focused on excluding obstructive CAD as the cause of symptoms and may undervalue or simply ignore the additional information offered by CCS&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cardiologists&#44; like the medical community in general&#44; should be able to better utilize the amazing tools that science and technology have provided to us in recent decades&#46; Some of the greatest achievements are not based on beautiful high-resolution images of the heart or high-tech state-of-the-art procedures&#46; The magic of CAD treatment is to correctly identify patients in need of optimal medical therapy and to apply it in a timely fashion&#44; while avoiding over-treatment and over-testing both in this population and in low-risk patients&#46; CCS is a IIa indication in the guidelines in several contexts but seems to be overlooked both in primary care &#40;where it would be most useful&#41; and in hospital settings&#44; as this study nicely demonstrates&#46; While in the former&#44; availability and reimbursement may be &#8211; in fact are&#33; &#8211; the principal obstacle to widespread use&#44; in the latter&#44; only tradition and the constant focus of procedure-driven cardiology on stenosis and ischemia can explain the underutilization of data that are readily available&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a country fighting to keep health-related costs under control&#44; where cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality&#44; better use of global cardiovascular risk stratification tools&#44; particularly CCS&#44; and treating accordingly&#44; would most probably lead to better cardiovascular outcomes&#44; while reducing unnecessary testing and inappropriate medication&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The evidence is there&#46; If the data are also there&#44; let&#39;s use them&#33;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 21742049
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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