Case report
Quadricuspid aortic valve with a hidden left ostium: Case report and literature review
Válvula aórtica quadricúspide com ostium coronário esquerdo oculto: caso clínico e revisão da literatura
Filipe R. Soares
, Carlos Branco, Gonçalo F. Coutinho, David Prieto, Manuel J. Antunes
Corresponding author
Center of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital and Medical School, Coimbra, Portugal
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Soares, Carlos Branco, Gonçalo F. Coutinho, David Prieto, Manuel J. Antunes" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Filipe R." "apellidos" => "Soares" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "filipe_srs@hotmail.pt" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Branco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gonçalo F." "apellidos" => "Coutinho" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "David" "apellidos" => "Prieto" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel J." "apellidos" => "Antunes" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Center of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital and Medical School, Coimbra, Portugal" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Válvula aórtica quadricúspide com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ostium</span> coronário esquerdo oculto: caso clínico e revisão da literatura" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2373 "Ancho" => 1582 "Tamanyo" => 249243 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Left: the seven (A-G) anatomic types of quadricuspid valves described by Hurwitz and Roberts. Type H was added later by Vali et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>. The most common is type B and the rarest is type D. Right: the simplified classification of Nakamura et al., based on the position of the supernumerary cusp. L: left coronary cusp; N: non-coronary cusp; R: right coronary cusp; S: supernumerary cusp. Red circles identify the case presented in this report.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewextended"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with regular cardiological follow-up for severe aortic valve regurgitation. She complained of fatigue and dyspnea with moderate exertion, dizziness and sporadic palpitations, with recent clinical (New York Heart Association functional class II-III) and echocardiographic deterioration. She had a previous history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, asthma and Sjögren syndrome, and was on diuretics, but with no previous hospitalizations for heart failure.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">She was in sinus rhythm (∼80 bpm) with a diastolic murmur at the apex. The chest X-ray was normal with preserved cardiothoracic index. The preoperative echocardiogram revealed slightly enlarged left chambers (left atrium 46 mm; left ventricular systolic/diastolic diameters 41/59 mm; interventricular septal systolic/diastolic dimensions 11/15 mm, respectively) and preserved contractility (ejection fraction 63%). The aortic valve had four leaflets with preserved opening (no transvalvular gradient was present) but poor coaptation causing severe aortic regurgitation (vena contracta 8 mm) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0025">Video 1</a>). The ascending aorta measured 36 mm.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cardiac catheterization revealed a slightly dilated ascending aorta (42 mm) and an incompetent aortic valve causing severe aortic regurgitation. No coronary or carotid disease was found.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was operated electively. In the operating room, a concentrically hypertrophied left ventricle, dilated ascending aorta and fibrosed quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) with leaflet retraction and a central orifice were observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>). The supernumerary leaflet was the smallest and the others were of equal size. The left coronary ostium was tunneled under the commissure, which warranted special care in order to avoid damage during excision of the valve or obstruction by the prosthesis. Cardioplegia was delivered antegradely, directly in the coronary ostia. We also routinely use topical ice slush or cold saline solution as an adjuvant to myocardial protection. A 21-mm St. Jude mechanical prosthesis was implanted and the surgery ended uneventfully. The predischarge echocardiogram showed preserved ejection fraction (50%) and the mechanical aortic valve with normal opening and no paravalvular leak. Transvalvular gradients (maximum/mean) were 22/12 mmHg. No other valve lesions or significant pericardial effusion were found. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quadricuspid semilunar valves are rare, especially QAV, which is found in about 0.008% in autopsy series, 0.043% in echocardiogram findings and incidentally in 0.05-1% of patients undergoing surgery due to aortic regurgitation. In our experience, this is the second case in the last decade, in which we performed more than 4000 aortic valve procedures (0.0005%). This aortic valve morphology is less frequent than bicuspid (2%) and unicuspid valves.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Quadricuspid pulmonary valves are also uncommon, but usually function well.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">QAV is often dysfunctional, with clinical impact in adulthood, which suggests that the initial congenital size or shape anomalies are not severe, but degenerate and become symptomatic later. Thus, surgical treatment is usually required in the fifth to sixth decade of life in about one fifth of patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Tsang et al. described a group of 50 patients with echocardiographic diagnosis of QAV during a five-year follow-up period, during which only eight of them needed surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a slight male predominance (1.6:1). Pure aortic regurgitation is predominant (75%), due to fibrous thickening and incomplete coaptation. Mixed aortic valve disease occurs in 9% of cases and 16% are functionally normal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hurwitz and Roberts classified seven types (A-G) of QAV according to the relative size of the cusps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Later, Vali et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> added an eighth type (H) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>). Types A, B and C comprise 85% of cases. Nakamura et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> described a simpler classification using the supernumerary cusp position (I-IV) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>). No association between QAV morphology and severity of aortic regurgitation has been established.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> According to Hurwitz and Roberts’<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and Nakamura et al.’s<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> classifications, our patient was a type B (three equal-sized and one smaller cusp) and type III, respectively. The smallest (and supernumerary) cusp was between the left and non-coronary cusps.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The embryological origin of QAV is uncertain, but the mechanisms involve aberrant septation of the conotruncus and leaflets.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Ostia and coronary artery anomalies are often present. The left ostium is most frequently displaced and surgeons should take this into account.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In our case, the left coronary ostium was close to and tunneled under the commissure, so that there was a risk of damage to it during valve excision and obstruction by the valve sewing cuff (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> presents an overview of surgical QAV cases reported in the literature, with ostia displacement or coronary abnormalities.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other cardiac disorders that may be found together with QAV include enlargement of the ascending aorta, septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, fenestrations of the sinus of Valsalva, tetralogy of Fallot, nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, subaortic stenosis, transposition of the great arteries and persistent left superior vena cava.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,7</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Idrees et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> described their surgical experience with 31 QAV patients over a 21-year period. They showed that pure aortic regurgitation is predominant and repair is feasible in some cases with good outcomes (only one reoperation was needed). Repair techniques include resection of the dysfunctional/accessory leaflet or plication and commissural closure (tricuspidization) and bicuspidization (commisuroplasty of two pairs of adjacent cusps, when there are two small cusps). A Ross procedure is also an option. However, most undergo aortic valve replacement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> There are few reports of quadricuspid valve repair and even fewer reporting long-term outcomes concerning the durability of repair in this context. It was for this reason that aortic valve replacement was performed in the present case.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infective endocarditis is found in 1.4% of cases. It is not clear whether QAV increases the risk of infection in the same way as is observed in bicuspid valves.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is thought that when the valve has four equal cusps, the risk of endocarditis is low due to the symmetry, reducing flow disturbance.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1470841" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1339495" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1470842" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1339496" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-10-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-04-08" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1339495" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Quadricuspid aortic valve" 1 => "Aortic valve replacement" 2 => "Congenital heart disease" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1339496" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Válvula aórtica quadricúspide" 1 => "Substituição valvular aórtica" 2 => "Doença cardíaca congénita" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital condition that frequently progresses to aortic regurgitation with clinical impact in adulthood. Surgical treatment is required in the fifth to sixth decade of life in about one fifth of patients.</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with regular cardiological follow-up for severe aortic valve regurgitation who had suffered recent clinical and echocardiographic deterioration. Conventional open surgery was indicated. During the procedure, a QAV with leaflet retraction and central orifice was observed. The aortic valve was successfully replaced.</p></span>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A válvula aórtica quadricúspide é uma malformação congênita rara. A progressão para insuficiência aórtica com significado clínico é frequente na idade adulta. O tratamento cirúrgico, quando indicado, tem habitualmente lugar por volta da quinta ou sexta décadas de vida em cerca de um quinto dos doentes.</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descrevemos o caso clínico de uma doente de 64 anos com diagnóstico de regurgitação valvular aórtica severa e deterioração clínica e ecocardiográfica, reunindo critérios para cirurgia convencional. Durante a cirurgia, observou-se uma válvula aórtica composta por quatro folhetos independentes, retraídos e com má coaptação central. O procedimento decorreu sem intercorrências.</p></span>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary material" "identificador" => "sec0030" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1488 "Ancho" => 2083 "Tamanyo" => 148048 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Echocardiogram before surgery showing the open quadricuspid aortic valve.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1085 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 334960 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Surgical photographs (A and B) clearly showing a four-cusp aortic valve, with poor central coaptation and two independent ostia. The supernumerary leaflet was the smallest and the others were of equal size (type B and III according to Hurwitz and Roberts’<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and Nakamura et al.’s<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> classifications, respectively). The left coronary ostium was close to and tunneled under the commissure. L: left coronary cusp; LCO: left coronary ostium; NC: non-coronary cusp; R: right coronary cusp; RCO: right coronary ostium; S: supernumerary cusp.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2373 "Ancho" => 1582 "Tamanyo" => 249243 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Left: the seven (A-G) anatomic types of quadricuspid valves described by Hurwitz and Roberts. Type H was added later by Vali et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>. The most common is type B and the rarest is type D. Right: the simplified classification of Nakamura et al., based on the position of the supernumerary cusp. L: left coronary cusp; N: non-coronary cusp; R: right coronary cusp; S: supernumerary cusp. Red circles identify the case presented in this report.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of QAV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indication for surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ostia or coronary abnormalities \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of surgery and technical implications \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Holm et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">LCA ostium unusually low in the aortic root near the posterior margin of the left coronary cusp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Replacement with a low-profile mechanical prosthesis in order to avoid interference with the low ostium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mutsuga et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MI due to occlusion of LCA ostium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Emergency surgery showed a QAV with a small left-side cusp partially adhering to the aortic wall, blocking blood flow to the LCA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Resection of the small cusp adhering to the wallThe discrepancy in the size of the cusps and MI forced aortic valve replacement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Wang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ostia of LAD and RCA were juxtaposed at the right coronary sinus LAD coursed between the aortic root and the RVOT. The LCx originated from the proximal segment of the RCA, coursing posterior to the aortic root, and then into the atrioventricular groove \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Okamoto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Giant coronary artery aneurysm; mild AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Giant coronary artery aneurysm and pulmonary artery fistulas extending from the LCA and RCA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Resection of the aneurysm and aortocoronary bypass with LIMA; the valve was not approached \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hayakawa et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Origin of the RCA near the commissure between left and right coronary cusps \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Replacement by bioprosthesis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Idrees et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe aortic valve disease (and root dilatation) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Partial occlusion of the ostium by the commissure (n=2); LCA arising from the noncoronary sinus (n=1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Partial occlusion corrected by valve repair; displaced ostium was implanted as a button in the native position during root replacement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tsang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occlusion of the left coronary ostium; mild to moderate AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occlusion of the LCA ostium by a small fourth cusp and collateralization by the RCA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Excision of the obstructive cusp and suspension of the others; reperfusion by the LCA was documented postoperatively \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gupta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Two LCA ostia due to early bifurcation of LCA; both were located very close to the commissures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Replacement by bioprosthesis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Single oval ostium due to both coronary arteries arising in the left coronary sinus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Replacement by mechanical prosthesis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Harada et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Poor cardiac function (LVEF <20%); mild AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">LCA ostium located below commissure between two noncoronary cusps, creating an ostial obstruction as a membrane with two tiny holes; poor right collateral vessels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Native LCA ostium below commissure was closed and translocated above, using a pericardial patch \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Das et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RCA ostium located near the accessory fourth cusp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Replacement by mechanical prosthesis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2530818.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">According to Hurwitz and Roberts’ classification.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">AR: aortic regurgitation; AS: aortic stenosis; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LCA: left coronary artery; LCx: left circumflex coronary artery; LIMA: left internal mammary artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; m: months; MI: myocardial infarction; NA: not available; QAV: quadricuspid aortic valve; RCA: right coronary artery; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; y: years.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overview of reported surgical quadricuspid aortic valve cases with coronary abnormalities.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "etiqueta" => "Supplementary Video 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:3 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.mp4" "ficheroTamanyo" => 888620 "Video" => array:2 [ "flv" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.flv" "poster" => "mmc1.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] "mp4" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.m4v" "poster" => "mmc1.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Echocardiography before surgery showing the systolic-diastolic movement of the aortic valve.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:18 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quadricuspid aortic valve – a case report and literature review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2024 October | 157 | 35 | 192 |
| 2024 September | 49 | 23 | 72 |
| 2024 August | 61 | 25 | 86 |
| 2024 July | 53 | 35 | 88 |
| 2024 June | 37 | 34 | 71 |
| 2024 May | 45 | 24 | 69 |
| 2024 April | 35 | 29 | 64 |
| 2024 March | 50 | 25 | 75 |
| 2024 February | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2024 January | 36 | 32 | 68 |
| 2023 December | 45 | 29 | 74 |
| 2023 November | 60 | 48 | 108 |
| 2023 October | 33 | 34 | 67 |
| 2023 September | 37 | 28 | 65 |
| 2023 August | 37 | 19 | 56 |
| 2023 July | 47 | 19 | 66 |
| 2023 June | 35 | 20 | 55 |
| 2023 May | 49 | 29 | 78 |
| 2023 April | 39 | 13 | 52 |
| 2023 March | 56 | 21 | 77 |
| 2023 February | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2022 December | 51 | 30 | 81 |
| 2022 November | 50 | 40 | 90 |
| 2022 October | 52 | 27 | 79 |
| 2022 September | 39 | 46 | 85 |
| 2022 August | 41 | 39 | 80 |
| 2022 July | 49 | 38 | 87 |
| 2022 June | 46 | 41 | 87 |
| 2022 May | 47 | 37 | 84 |
| 2022 April | 61 | 37 | 98 |
| 2022 March | 56 | 50 | 106 |
| 2022 February | 41 | 45 | 86 |
| 2022 January | 63 | 35 | 98 |
| 2021 December | 37 | 37 | 74 |
| 2021 November | 36 | 35 | 71 |
| 2021 October | 54 | 40 | 94 |
| 2021 September | 59 | 28 | 87 |
| 2021 August | 49 | 27 | 76 |
| 2021 July | 40 | 22 | 62 |
| 2021 June | 33 | 30 | 63 |
| 2021 May | 45 | 46 | 91 |
| 2021 April | 87 | 69 | 156 |
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