Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

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"identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Research Center for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Adiposidade corporal está associada com o risco de pressão arterial elevada em escolares portugueses" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe growing childhood obesity epidemic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">1</a> is concerning, especially because obese children may experience metabolic complications and are at high risk for the early development of conditions that are more commonly observed in adults,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">2</a> particularly high blood pressure (HBP), changes in serum triglycerides and elevated fasting glucose.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">3</a>The prevalence of childhood hypertension had been expected to be approximately 1-2%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">4</a> however, rates ranging from 3.0 to 15.9% have been observed in different scenarios,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">5–19</a> and this rise is associated with increases in excess weight,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210">2,3,18,19</a> increased abdominal fat,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">7,9–14,17</a> and unhealthy lifestyles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">9,10,15,20</a>Additionally, hypertension in childhood has important implications for children's health, since it is commonly related to the development of other cardiovascular risk factors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">3,21</a> and can persist into adulthood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">22,23</a> However, although early diagnosis of hypertension in children is of the utmost importance<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">24</a> and blood pressure (BP) measurement is a low-cost, noninvasive and relatively accurate procedure for identifying this condition,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">25</a> little is known about the risk factors associated with HBP in childhood.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBP and its association with anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Portuguese schoolchildren.MethodsSampling methodThe present study used a subsample of the Portuguese Prevalence Study of Obesity in Childhood (PPSOC),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330">26,27</a> a cross-sectional study carried out between March 2009 and January 2010 investigating a randomly selected sample from public and private schools in mainland Portugal. The study was designed to obtain a nationally representative sample of 3-10-year-old children living in mainland Portugal. The sampling design was stratified proportionally according to the age and gender of the children in each district. Details of the study design and sampling process can be found elsewhere.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330">26,27</a> This study included a subsample of 1555 6-9-year-old children from the 18 districts in Portugal.Data collectionA questionnaire designed specifically for this research was applied to the children's parents and included questions on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle-related behaviors, and health and nutrition. A pilot test was conducted on a group of children similar to those in the study, and the questionnaire was revised based on the pilot results. To reduce the non-response rate, three visits were made to each school to examine previously absent students. Anthropometric and BP measurements were performed by a trained team using standard techniques.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325">25,28</a>Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric variablesBP was measured at three different time points after 5min of rest in a private room, with the child sitting, using an automated sphygmomanometer (Omron M17) with an appropriately sized cuff for the child's arm size placed on their right arm. Three measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP were taken with a 2-min interval between measurements.Weight was measured using a digital scale accurate to 0.1kg (Seca 770), and height was measured twice using a portable stadiometer accurate to 0.1cm (Seca 217). Waist circumference (WC) was measured twice with a flexible non-stretching tape (Seca) at the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac crest and the lowest rib. Triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were measured using a Holtain skinfold caliper (Holtain Ltd, Crymych, UK).Definitions of terms and groupsBP was classified according to the normative tables of the US Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">25</a> HBP was defined as SBP and/or DBP at or above the 95th percentile for age, gender and height on repeated measurement. For consistency with the Seventh Report of the US Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, BP between the 90th and 95th percentiles was classified as prehypertension.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">29</a>Weight status was determined using body mass index (BMI), calculated as weight in kg divided by height in m squared, considering age- and gender-specific cut-off points for classifying weight status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">30</a> Body fat percentage (BFP) was estimated using the equations of Slaughter et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">31</a> for the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The WC values for the 75th percentile for age and gender were used because this limit has been associated with metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">32</a> Similarly, values for the 75th percentile for age and gender were used as the cut-off points for BFP.Although the three different adiposity indicators (BMI, WC, and BFP) are all associated with some degree of measurement error, each measure provides specific information regarding body fat mass.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365">33,34</a> Thus, in this study, a principal component analysis was performed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to obtain a construct (i.e., a factor or a latent variable) for overall adiposity based on these three anthropometric indicators, similarly to the analysis proposed by Ledoux et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">34</a> Principal component analysis using the three anthropometric indicators revealed a construct representing 91% of the shared variance, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 and factor loadings of 0.96 for BMI, 0.95 for WC, and 0.94 for BFP; additionally, high communalities were observed (0.93, 0.91, and 0.89, respectively). This construct was termed the adiposity index and represents overall adiposity. Higher scores from the EFA were taken to indicate higher overall adiposity. Likewise, EFA can be used to calculate a score that weights highly correlated responses, parsimoniously representing the different variables analyzed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">33</a>Parents’ weight status, used as a proxy to examine the effect of genetic characteristics on children's BP levels, was assessed by BMI according to the World Health Organization cut-off points<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">35</a> and based on self-reported weight and height values.Lifestyle-related behaviorsPhysical activity during leisure time was assessed according to type, frequency and duration of each activity, and the weekly time spent in each activity was estimated by multiplying the daily time (in min) by the weekly frequency. Whether the child performed a particular activity (yes/no) and the mean time spent in each activity were also ascertained and categorized into tertiles. Children's participation in physical education classes at school (yes/no) was also determined.Time spent watching TV was assessed according to the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">36</a> and a limit of 2h/day was considered to define excessively sedentary habits. We also asked a yes-no question about the presence of a TV set in the child's bedroom.Statistical analysisThe statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The association of children's and parents’ characteristics with BP classification was assessed with the chi-square test. The partial correlation coefficient was used to estimate the association between BP and anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, BFP, and adiposity index) adjusted for gender, age, and height percentile.Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between exposure variables that in univariate analysis were associated with the assessed outcome with p<0.20, and BP classification (dependent variable), using the categories of (1) normal (reference category), (2) high-normal BP, and (3) hypertension, i.e. the model compared the probability in the following categories (1 vs. 2 and 1 vs. 3), stratified by gender and adjusted for age and height percentile. The reference categories for the independent variables were weight status (normal weight), WC (<75th percentile), BFP (<75th percentile), adiposity index (continuous variable, with higher scores indicating higher overall adiposity), maternal excess weight (no), physical activity outside school (yes), and tertile for physical activity outside school, in h/day (third tertile).ResultsThe present study was conducted with 1555 6- to 9-year-old children (50.5% female) residing in the 18 districts of mainland Portugal (mean age 7.58 years; standard deviation 1.10). The prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was 4.5% and 3.7%, respectively. Both high-normal BP and hypertension were significantly more prevalent among females than among males (5.6% vs. 3.4% and 4.3% vs. 3.1%, respectively, p=0.04) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). However, the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension showed no significant association with age (p=0.15). An increase in weight status was positively associated with the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension (p<0.01), which was also observed for high WC (p<0.01) and high BFP (p<0.01) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>There was an association between maternal excess weight and increased prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension in children (p=0.01); however, this association was not observed for paternal excess weight (p=0.85). The prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was higher among children who did not perform physical activity during their leisure time (p<0.01), and conversely, these prevalences decreased as the time spent in physical activity per day increased (p=0.01 for overall trend) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). SBP and DBP were positively correlated with all anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, BFP, and adiposity index; p<0.01 for all) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Due to the significant difference in the prevalence of HBP between males and females, multinomial logistic regression analysis was stratified by gender. The risk of high-normal BP was higher for males with obesity (odds ratio [OR] 6.13, p<0.01), high WC (OR 3.14, p=0.01), high BFP (OR 3.06, p=0.01), and high adiposity index (OR 1.69, p=0.01) and the risk of hypertension was greater among males who had high adiposity index (OR 1.82, p=0.01). The risk of high-normal BP was higher for females with obesity (OR 4.25, p=0.01), high WC (OR 2.36, p=0.01), high BFP (OR 2.83, p<0.01), and high adiposity index (OR 1.67, p<0.01). Additionally, the risk of hypertension was greater for females with overweight (OR 2.43, p=0.03), obesity (OR 5.26, p<0.01), high WC (OR 3.47, p<0.01), high BFP (OR 2.29, p=0.03), high adiposity index (OR 2.03, p<0.01), for daughters of overweight mothers (OR 3.23, p<0.01), and for those who did not perform physical activity during leisure time (OR 2.15, p=0.04) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionHigh-normal BP and hypertension were prevalent among 6-9-year-old Portuguese schoolchildren. All the anthropometric indicators assessed were strongly associated with the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension, especially among females, as well as some lifestyle-related behaviors and maternal excess weight.The prevalence of hypertension found among these Portuguese schoolchildren was comparable to that observed in Italian children aged 6-18 years (3.5%),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">5</a> Spanish children aged 6-16 years (3.2% for males and 3.1% for females),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">17</a> and Chinese children aged 7-18 years (prehypertension 3.9%, hypertension 3.3%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">16</a> However, the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension observed in the present study was lower than that observed among Canadian children aged 4-17 years (prehypertension 7.6%, hypertension 7.4%),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">8</a> Brazilian children aged 7-17 years (high-normal BP 13.9%, hypertension 12.1%),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">11</a> and Italian children aged 6-11.9 years (hypertension 5.2-7.8%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">18</a> These differences in the prevalence of HBP can be explained, in part, by the variability in procedures applied in BP measurements and categorization for children and adolescents. Furthermore, differences in the ages of the studied groups may have impaired the comparability of results, since increased age is associated with changes in BP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">5,17,21</a>Adiposity was more strongly associated with HBP among children with excess weight than in those with normal weight. Similarly, Tu et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">37</a> in a cohort study of American children with a mean age of 10.2 years, found that the effect of adiposity on BP was modest in children with BMI below the 85th percentile, but above this point, the effect of adiposity on BP increased up to four-fold. This relationship highlights the effect of adiposity on BP levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">37</a>Increased BP in childhood is concerning for several reasons, one of which is that HBP predisposes children to developing cardiovascular disorders, including intermediate markers of target organ damage such as increased carotid-intima media thickness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">3,21</a> There is also evidence that changes in BP in childhood tend to persist into adulthood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">22,23</a>The identification and treatment of children at higher risk for developing hypertension is therefore an important step in reducing the excessive burden of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, not only does the etiology of cardiovascular disease have its roots in childhood, but the lifestyles that influence the onset of chronic disease are also acquired in early life and tend to persist into adulthood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">38</a>In this context, considering that routine BP measurement is recommended after the age of three,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">25</a> Rinaldi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">39</a> state that screening for alterations in BP among children, who are mostly asymptomatic, is fundamental to prevention and reduction of cardiovascular disease, and that the school environment is an appropriate place for measuring and monitoring BP.A significant association has been observed in some studies between sedentary behavior and/or low levels of physical activity and HBP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">10,15,20</a> However, in the present study, no significant association between high-normal BP and hypertension and indicators of physical activity and sedentary behavior was observed after adjustment in the multinomial model. Similar results were observed among Italian<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">5</a> and Mexican<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">9</a> children.Due to its cross-sectional design, the present study was unable to determine causality between adiposity and HBP among the studied children. However, similar associations have been found in longitudinal studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">7,23,37</a> This study has some limitations, including the lack of information on parental BP, which could reflect the genetic origin of cardiovascular disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">5,21</a> However, Tringler et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">15</a> found no significant association between hypertension in children and parental hypertension (p=0.35). In the present study, in the absence of such information, parental BMI was used as a proxy to examine the effect of parental characteristics on children's BP levels. Similar results were observed among five-year-old Australian children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">40</a>The analyses in this study represent a breakthrough in the understanding of the impact of adiposity on BP levels in schoolchildren after controlling for possible influencing factors. An unexpectedly high prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was observed among Portuguese schoolchildren. Higher values for body fat indicators were strongly associated with HBP, reinforcing the usefulness of these indicators in screening for health problems among children, and specifically the risk of elevated BP levels. Prevention of childhood obesity is therefore of paramount importance to reduce the risk of HBP and cardiovascular disease.Funding sourceThis study was supported by a grant from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007483. Additionally, the first author was supported by CAPES, Ministry of Education of Brazil (process number: 8349/12-6). The Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and CAPES had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.Ethics approval and consent to participateThe PPSOC was approved by the Directorate-General for Curriculum Innovation and Development of the Portuguese Ministry of Education. Additionally, authorization for data collection was obtained from the schools, and the participants’ parents or guardians signed a consent form indicating their agreement to participate.Authors’ contributionsPRMR contributed to analysis and interpretation of data, the drafting, writing, and revision of the manuscript, and final approval of the manuscript. RAP contributed to analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, and final approval of the manuscript. AG, IMC, HN, and VRM contributed to the design of the data collection instruments, review and revision the manuscript, and final approval of the manuscript. CP contributed to the conception and design of the study, coordination and supervision of data collection, review and revision of the manuscript, and final approval of the manuscript.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1031675" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988788" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1031676" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988789" "titulo" => "Palavras chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Sampling method" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric variables" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Definitions of terms and groups" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Lifestyle-related behaviors" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Funding source" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Ethics approval and consent to participate" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-17" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988788" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Blood pressure" 1 => "Schoolchildren" 2 => "Adiposity" 3 => "Weight status" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988789" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Pressão arterial" 1 => "Escolares" 2 => "Adiposidade" 3 => "Condição de peso" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and its association with anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Portuguese schoolchildren. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a nationally representative sample of 6-9-year-old children was analyzed. Weight and height (used to calculate body mass index [BMI]), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) and skinfold thickness (used to estimate body fat percentage [BFP]) were measured using standard techniques. BP was classified as high-normal BP or hypertension for values between the 90th and 95th percentiles or above the 95th percentile, respectively. A body adiposity index was calculated with principal component analysis using BMI, WC and BFP. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the strength of the association between anthropometric indicators and HBP. ResultsThe prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was 4.5% and 3.7%, respectively. BP was positively correlated with all anthropometric indicators (p<0.01 for all). HBP was significantly more prevalent in females than in males and was positively associated with higher values of the assessed anthropometric indicators of adiposity, especially among females. ConclusionIncreased body fat predicted HBP. The use of anthropometric indicators may thus be useful in screening for HBP among Portuguese schoolchildren." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "ObjetivoEstimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e sua associação com indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade em escolares portugueses. MétodosNeste estudo transversal, uma amostra nacionalmente representativa de crianças de seis a nove anos foi avaliada. As medidas de peso e altura (usadas para estimar o índice de massa corporal [IMC]), pressão arterial [PA], circunferência da cintura [CC] e dobras cutâneas {usadas para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal – PBF}) foram aferidas com procedimentos-padrão. A HAS foi classificada em pressão arterial normal-alta ou hipertensão para valores entre os percentis 90 e 95 ou acima do percentil 95, respectivamente. Um índice de adiposidade foi estimado por meio da análise de componentes principais com o uso de IMC, CC e BFP. Modelos de regressão logística multinomial foram usados para estimar a magnitude da associação entre indicadores de adiposidade e HAS. ResultadosAs prevalências de pressão arterial normal-alta e hipertensão foram de 4,5 e 3,7%, respectivamente. A HAS foi positivamente correlacionada com todos os indicadores de adiposidade (p <0,01 para todos). HAS foi significativamente maior em meninas do que em meninos e foi positivamente associada com o aumento dos indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade, especialmente entre as meninas. ConclusãoO aumento da gordura corporal pode predizer HAS. Assim, o uso de indicadores antropométricos para adiposidade pode ser útil na triagem de HAS em escolares portugueses." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Blood pressure classified by age, gender and height according to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.25BFP: body fat percentage; BP: blood pressure; PA: physical activity; PE: physical education; SD: standard deviation; WC: waist circumference." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">High-normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%)</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1427 (91.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 (4.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">58 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Child characteristics</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">720 (93.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24 (3.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">707 (90.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44 (5.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean age, years (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.58 (1.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.57 (1.11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.29 (1.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Weight status</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1035 (93.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36 (3.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32 (2.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">302 (89.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obese \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90 (77.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 (13.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 (8.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">WC</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1091 (94.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">≥75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">332 (85.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31 (8.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 (6.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">BFP</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1118 (93.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36 (3.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">≥75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">303 (85.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31 (8.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 (5.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Parent characteristics</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Paternal excess weight<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">b</a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">454 (92.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">755 (91.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32 (3.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Maternal excess weight<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">b</a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">952 (93.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">383 (88.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 (5.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 (5.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Child lifestyle-related behaviors</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">PE classes at school</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1314 (91.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">66 (4.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50 (3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">110 (90.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 (3.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 (6.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">PA outside school</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">846 (93.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">549 (89.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (5.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">PA outside school (h/day)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1st tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">540 (90.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32 (5.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28 (4.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2nd tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">397 (91.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19 (4.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19 (4.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3rd tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">490 (94.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Time watching TV</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><2 h/day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">970 (93.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">29 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">≥2 h/day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">329 (89.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15 (4.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">TV in the child's bedroom</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">534 (90.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (5.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">817 (93.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31 (3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1756418.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "by chi-square test." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "p for linear trend." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Excess weight: overweight + obesity." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of schoolchildren (n=1555; 6-9 years old) according to the prevalence of high blood pressure." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "p<0.01 for all correlations. Adjusted for gender, age, and height percentile.The adiposity index was computed by averaging the normalized values of BMI, WC, and BFP by principal component analysis.BFP: body fat percentage; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; WC: waist circumference." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">BP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anthropometric indicators</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BMI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">WC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BFP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adiposity index \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1756420.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Partial correlation coefficient between anthropometric indicators and measures of systolic and diastolic pressures among schoolchildren (n=1555; 6-9 years old)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Blood pressure classified by age, gender and height according to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">25</a>The multinomial logistic regression model was stratified by gender and adjusted for age and height percentile.The group with normal blood pressure was the reference category for the high blood pressure groups." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anthropometric indicators</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Males</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Females</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High-normal BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertension</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High-normal BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertension</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">Weight status</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Normal weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overweight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.34 (0.88-6.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.26 (0.40-3.97) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.28 (0.60-2.74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.43 (1.08-5.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.13 (2.03-18.52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.40 (0.87-13.36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.25 (1.84-9.83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.26 (1.95-14.15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">WC</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">≥75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.14 (1.30-7.58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.51 (0.96-6.57) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.36 (1.19-4.67) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.47 (1.63-7.41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">BFP</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">≥75th percentile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.06 (1.27-7.41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.56 (0.99-6.58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.83 (1.48-5.42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.29 (1.08-4.86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">Adiposity index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">a</a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.69 (1.15-2.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.82 (1.15-2.86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.67 (1.20-2.31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.03 (1.41-2.92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">Maternal excess weight<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">b</a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.54 (0.62-3.79) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.28 (0.51-3.21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.33 (0.68-2.59) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.23 (1.55-6.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">PA outside school</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.78 (0.80-3.99) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.19 (0.94-5.12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.33 (0.72-2.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.15 (1.03-4.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">PA outside school (h/day)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1st tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.68 (0.66-4.27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.49 (0.55-4.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.29 (0.61-2.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.99 (1.00-8.99) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2nd tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.25 (0.44-3.55) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.19 (0.41-3.51) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.13 (0.49-2.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.02 (0.96-9.56) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3rd tertile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1756419.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Continuous variable: higher scores indicate higher overall adiposity." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Excess weight: overweight + obesity. 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Original Article

Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren

Adiposidade corporal está associada com o risco de pressão arterial elevada em escolares portugueses

Paulo Rogério Melo Rodriguesa,h,

Corresponding author

prmr84@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Rosangela Alves Pereirab, Augusta Gamac,h, Isabel Mourão Carvalhald, Helena Nogueirae,h, Vitor Rosado-Marquesf,h, Cristina Padezg,h

a College of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil

b Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

c Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal

d Research Center in Sport Science, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal

e Department of Geography, University of Coimbra, Portugal

f Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon, Portugal

g Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal

h Research Center for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Portugal

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rates ranging from 3&#46;0 to 15&#46;9&#37; have been observed in different scenarios&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;19</span></a> and this rise is associated with increases in excess weight&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;18&#44;19</span></a> increased abdominal fat&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;9&#8211;14&#44;17</span></a> and unhealthy lifestyles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;15&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; hypertension in childhood has important implications for children&#39;s health&#44; since it is commonly related to the development of other cardiovascular risk factors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;21</span></a> and can persist into adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> However&#44; although early diagnosis of hypertension in children is of the utmost importance<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; measurement is a low-cost&#44; noninvasive and relatively accurate procedure for identifying this condition&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> little is known about the risk factors associated with HBP in childhood&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBP and its association with anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Portuguese schoolchildren&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sampling method</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study used a subsample of the Portuguese Prevalence Study of Obesity in Childhood &#40;PPSOC&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> a cross-sectional study carried out between March 2009 and January 2010 investigating a randomly selected sample from public and private schools in mainland Portugal&#46; The study was designed to obtain a nationally representative sample of 3-10-year-old children living in mainland Portugal&#46; The sampling design was stratified proportionally according to the age and gender of the children in each district&#46; Details of the study design and sampling process can be found elsewhere&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> This study included a subsample of 1555 6-9-year-old children from the 18 districts in Portugal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A questionnaire designed specifically for this research was applied to the children&#39;s parents and included questions on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics&#44; lifestyle-related behaviors&#44; and health and nutrition&#46; A pilot test was conducted on a group of children similar to those in the study&#44; and the questionnaire was revised based on the pilot results&#46; To reduce the non-response rate&#44; three visits were made to each school to examine previously absent students&#46; Anthropometric and BP measurements were performed by a trained team using standard techniques&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;28</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric variables</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BP was measured at three different time points after 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of rest in a private room&#44; with the child sitting&#44; using an automated sphygmomanometer &#40;Omron M17&#41; with an appropriately sized cuff for the child&#39;s arm size placed on their right arm&#46; Three measurements of systolic &#40;SBP&#41; and diastolic &#40;DBP&#41; BP were taken with a 2-min interval between measurements&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Weight was measured using a digital scale accurate to 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;Seca 770&#41;&#44; and height was measured twice using a portable stadiometer accurate to 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;Seca 217&#41;&#46; Waist circumference &#40;WC&#41; was measured twice with a flexible non-stretching tape &#40;Seca&#41; at the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac crest and the lowest rib&#46; Triceps&#44; subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were measured using a Holtain skinfold caliper &#40;Holtain Ltd&#44; Crymych&#44; UK&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Definitions of terms and groups</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BP was classified according to the normative tables of the US Fourth Report on the Diagnosis&#44; Evaluation&#44; and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> HBP was defined as SBP and&#47;or DBP at or above the 95th percentile for age&#44; gender and height on repeated measurement&#46; For consistency with the Seventh Report of the US Joint National Committee on the Prevention&#44; Detection&#44; Evaluation&#44; and Treatment of High Blood Pressure&#44; BP between the 90th and 95th percentiles was classified as prehypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Weight status was determined using body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; calculated as weight in kg divided by height in m squared&#44; considering age- and gender-specific cut-off points for classifying weight status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Body fat percentage &#40;BFP&#41; was estimated using the equations of Slaughter et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> for the triceps and subscapular skinfolds&#46; The WC values for the 75th percentile for age and gender were used because this limit has been associated with metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Similarly&#44; values for the 75th percentile for age and gender were used as the cut-off points for BFP&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the three different adiposity indicators &#40;BMI&#44; WC&#44; and BFP&#41; are all associated with some degree of measurement error&#44; each measure provides specific information regarding body fat mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a> Thus&#44; in this study&#44; a principal component analysis was performed with exploratory factor analysis &#40;EFA&#41; to obtain a construct &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; a factor or a latent variable&#41; for overall adiposity based on these three anthropometric indicators&#44; similarly to the analysis proposed by Ledoux et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> Principal component analysis using the three anthropometric indicators revealed a construct representing 91&#37; of the shared variance&#44; with a Cronbach&#39;s alpha of 0&#46;88 and factor loadings of 0&#46;96 for BMI&#44; 0&#46;95 for WC&#44; and 0&#46;94 for BFP&#59; additionally&#44; high communalities were observed &#40;0&#46;93&#44; 0&#46;91&#44; and 0&#46;89&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; This construct was termed the adiposity index and represents overall adiposity&#46; Higher scores from the EFA were taken to indicate higher overall adiposity&#46; Likewise&#44; EFA can be used to calculate a score that weights highly correlated responses&#44; parsimoniously representing the different variables analyzed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents&#8217; weight status&#44; used as a proxy to examine the effect of genetic characteristics on children&#39;s BP levels&#44; was assessed by BMI according to the World Health Organization cut-off points<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> and based on self-reported weight and height values&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Lifestyle-related behaviors</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical activity during leisure time was assessed according to type&#44; frequency and duration of each activity&#44; and the weekly time spent in each activity was estimated by multiplying the daily time &#40;in min&#41; by the weekly frequency&#46; Whether the child performed a particular activity &#40;yes&#47;no&#41; and the mean time spent in each activity were also ascertained and categorized into tertiles&#46; Children&#39;s participation in physical education classes at school &#40;yes&#47;no&#41; was also determined&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Time spent watching TV was assessed according to the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> and a limit of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day was considered to define excessively sedentary habits&#46; We also asked a yes-no question about the presence of a TV set in the child&#39;s bedroom&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20&#46;0 &#40;IBM SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#41;&#46; The association of children&#39;s and parents&#8217; characteristics with BP classification was assessed with the chi-square test&#46; The partial correlation coefficient was used to estimate the association between BP and anthropometric indicators &#40;BMI&#44; WC&#44; BFP&#44; and adiposity index&#41; adjusted for gender&#44; age&#44; and height percentile&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between exposure variables that in univariate analysis were associated with the assessed outcome with p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;20&#44; and BP classification &#40;dependent variable&#41;&#44; using the categories of &#40;1&#41; normal &#40;reference category&#41;&#44; &#40;2&#41; high-normal BP&#44; and &#40;3&#41; hypertension&#44; i&#46;e&#46; the model compared the probability in the following categories &#40;1 vs&#46; 2 and 1 vs&#46; 3&#41;&#44; stratified by gender and adjusted for age and height percentile&#46; The reference categories for the independent variables were weight status &#40;normal weight&#41;&#44; WC &#40;&#60;75th percentile&#41;&#44; BFP &#40;&#60;75th percentile&#41;&#44; adiposity index &#40;continuous variable&#44; with higher scores indicating higher overall adiposity&#41;&#44; maternal excess weight &#40;no&#41;&#44; physical activity outside school &#40;yes&#41;&#44; and tertile for physical activity outside school&#44; in h&#47;day &#40;third tertile&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was conducted with 1555 6- to 9-year-old children &#40;50&#46;5&#37; female&#41; residing in the 18 districts of mainland Portugal &#40;mean age 7&#46;58 years&#59; standard deviation 1&#46;10&#41;&#46; The prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was 4&#46;5&#37; and 3&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Both high-normal BP and hypertension were significantly more prevalent among females than among males &#40;5&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 3&#46;4&#37; and 4&#46;3&#37; vs&#46; 3&#46;1&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension showed no significant association with age &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;15&#41;&#46; An increase in weight status was positively associated with the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension &#40;p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; which was also observed for high WC &#40;p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and high BFP &#40;p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was an association between maternal excess weight and increased prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension in children &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#59; however&#44; this association was not observed for paternal excess weight &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;85&#41;&#46; The prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was higher among children who did not perform physical activity during their leisure time &#40;p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and conversely&#44; these prevalences decreased as the time spent in physical activity per day increased &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01 for overall trend&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; SBP and DBP were positively correlated with all anthropometric indicators &#40;BMI&#44; WC&#44; BFP&#44; and adiposity index&#59; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01 for all&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the significant difference in the prevalence of HBP between males and females&#44; multinomial logistic regression analysis was stratified by gender&#46; The risk of high-normal BP was higher for males with obesity &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; 6&#46;13&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high WC &#40;OR 3&#46;14&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high BFP &#40;OR 3&#46;06&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and high adiposity index &#40;OR 1&#46;69&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and the risk of hypertension was greater among males who had high adiposity index &#40;OR 1&#46;82&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; The risk of high-normal BP was higher for females with obesity &#40;OR 4&#46;25&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high WC &#40;OR 2&#46;36&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high BFP &#40;OR 2&#46;83&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and high adiposity index &#40;OR 1&#46;67&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; the risk of hypertension was greater for females with overweight &#40;OR 2&#46;43&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;OR 5&#46;26&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high WC &#40;OR 3&#46;47&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; high BFP &#40;OR 2&#46;29&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#44; high adiposity index &#40;OR 2&#46;03&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; for daughters of overweight mothers &#40;OR 3&#46;23&#44; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and for those who did not perform physical activity during leisure time &#40;OR 2&#46;15&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High-normal BP and hypertension were prevalent among 6-9-year-old Portuguese schoolchildren&#46; All the anthropometric indicators assessed were strongly associated with the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension&#44; especially among females&#44; as well as some lifestyle-related behaviors and maternal excess weight&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of hypertension found among these Portuguese schoolchildren was comparable to that observed in Italian children aged 6-18 years &#40;3&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Spanish children aged 6-16 years &#40;3&#46;2&#37; for males and 3&#46;1&#37; for females&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and Chinese children aged 7-18 years &#40;prehypertension 3&#46;9&#37;&#44; hypertension 3&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> However&#44; the prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension observed in the present study was lower than that observed among Canadian children aged 4-17 years &#40;prehypertension 7&#46;6&#37;&#44; hypertension 7&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Brazilian children aged 7-17 years &#40;high-normal BP 13&#46;9&#37;&#44; hypertension 12&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and Italian children aged 6-11&#46;9 years &#40;hypertension 5&#46;2-7&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> These differences in the prevalence of HBP can be explained&#44; in part&#44; by the variability in procedures applied in BP measurements and categorization for children and adolescents&#46; Furthermore&#44; differences in the ages of the studied groups may have impaired the comparability of results&#44; since increased age is associated with changes in BP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;17&#44;21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adiposity was more strongly associated with HBP among children with excess weight than in those with normal weight&#46; Similarly&#44; Tu et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> in a cohort study of American children with a mean age of 10&#46;2 years&#44; found that the effect of adiposity on BP was modest in children with BMI below the 85th percentile&#44; but above this point&#44; the effect of adiposity on BP increased up to four-fold&#46; This relationship highlights the effect of adiposity on BP levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increased BP in childhood is concerning for several reasons&#44; one of which is that HBP predisposes children to developing cardiovascular disorders&#44; including intermediate markers of target organ damage such as increased carotid-intima media thickness&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;21</span></a> There is also evidence that changes in BP in childhood tend to persist into adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The identification and treatment of children at higher risk for developing hypertension is therefore an important step in reducing the excessive burden of cardiovascular disease&#46; Furthermore&#44; not only does the etiology of cardiovascular disease have its roots in childhood&#44; but the lifestyles that influence the onset of chronic disease are also acquired in early life and tend to persist into adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this context&#44; considering that routine BP measurement is recommended after the age of three&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Rinaldi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> state that screening for alterations in BP among children&#44; who are mostly asymptomatic&#44; is fundamental to prevention and reduction of cardiovascular disease&#44; and that the school environment is an appropriate place for measuring and monitoring BP&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A significant association has been observed in some studies between sedentary behavior and&#47;or low levels of physical activity and HBP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;15&#44;20</span></a> However&#44; in the present study&#44; no significant association between high-normal BP and hypertension and indicators of physical activity and sedentary behavior was observed after adjustment in the multinomial model&#46; Similar results were observed among Italian<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and Mexican<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> children&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to its cross-sectional design&#44; the present study was unable to determine causality between adiposity and HBP among the studied children&#46; However&#44; similar associations have been found in longitudinal studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;23&#44;37</span></a> This study has some limitations&#44; including the lack of information on parental BP&#44; which could reflect the genetic origin of cardiovascular disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;21</span></a> However&#44; Tringler et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> found no significant association between hypertension in children and parental hypertension &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;35&#41;&#46; In the present study&#44; in the absence of such information&#44; parental BMI was used as a proxy to examine the effect of parental characteristics on children&#39;s BP levels&#46; Similar results were observed among five-year-old Australian children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analyses in this study represent a breakthrough in the understanding of the impact of adiposity on BP levels in schoolchildren after controlling for possible influencing factors&#46; An unexpectedly high prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was observed among Portuguese schoolchildren&#46; Higher values for body fat indicators were strongly associated with HBP&#44; reinforcing the usefulness of these indicators in screening for health problems among children&#44; and specifically the risk of elevated BP levels&#46; Prevention of childhood obesity is therefore of paramount importance to reduce the risk of HBP and cardiovascular disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Funding source</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was supported by a grant from the Portuguese <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Funda&#231;&#227;o para a Ci&#234;ncia e a Tecnologia</span> FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007483&#46; Additionally&#44; the first author was supported by CAPES&#44; Ministry of Education of Brazil &#40;process number&#58; 8349&#47;12-6&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Funda&#231;&#227;o para a Ci&#234;ncia e a Tecnologia</span> and CAPES had no role in the design&#44; analysis or writing of this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Ethics approval and consent to participate</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The PPSOC was approved by the Directorate-General for Curriculum Innovation and Development of the Portuguese Ministry of Education&#46; Additionally&#44; authorization for data collection was obtained from the schools&#44; and the participants&#8217; parents or guardians signed a consent form indicating their agreement to participate&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PRMR contributed to analysis and interpretation of data&#44; the drafting&#44; writing&#44; and revision of the manuscript&#44; and final approval of the manuscript&#46; RAP contributed to analysis and interpretation of data&#44; critical revision of the manuscript&#44; and final approval of the manuscript&#46; AG&#44; IMC&#44; HN&#44; and VRM contributed to the design of the data collection instruments&#44; review and revision the manuscript&#44; and final approval of the manuscript&#46; CP contributed to the conception and design of the study&#44; coordination and supervision of data collection&#44; review and revision of the manuscript&#44; and final approval of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric variables"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Definitions of terms and groups"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Lifestyle-related behaviors"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Funding source"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Ethics approval and consent to participate"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0070"
          "titulo" => "Authors&#8217; contributions"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0075"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        12 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-17"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-09-13"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988788"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Blood pressure"
            1 => "Schoolchildren"
            2 => "Adiposity"
            3 => "Weight status"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec988789"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Press&#227;o arterial"
            1 => "Escolares"
            2 => "Adiposidade"
            3 => "Condi&#231;&#227;o de peso"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure &#40;HBP&#41; and its association with anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Portuguese schoolchildren&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this cross-sectional study&#44; a nationally representative sample of 6-9-year-old children was analyzed&#46; Weight and height &#40;used to calculate body mass index &#91;BMI&#93;&#41;&#44; blood pressure &#40;BP&#41;&#44; waist circumference &#40;WC&#41; and skinfold thickness &#40;used to estimate body fat percentage &#91;BFP&#93;&#41; were measured using standard techniques&#46; BP was classified as high-normal BP or hypertension for values between the 90th and 95th percentiles or above the 95th percentile&#44; respectively&#46; A body adiposity index was calculated with principal component analysis using BMI&#44; WC and BFP&#46; Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the strength of the association between anthropometric indicators and HBP&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of high-normal BP and hypertension was 4&#46;5&#37; and 3&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; BP was positively correlated with all anthropometric indicators &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01 for all&#41;&#46; HBP was significantly more prevalent in females than in males and was positively associated with higher values of the assessed anthropometric indicators of adiposity&#44; especially among females&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Increased body fat predicted HBP&#46; The use of anthropometric indicators may thus be useful in screening for HBP among Portuguese schoolchildren&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar a preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica &#40;HAS&#41; e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com indicadores antropom&#233;tricos de adiposidade em escolares portugueses&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo transversal&#44; uma amostra nacionalmente representativa de crian&#231;as de seis a nove anos foi avaliada&#46; As medidas de peso e altura &#40;usadas para estimar o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#91;IMC&#93;&#41;&#44; press&#227;o arterial &#91;PA&#93;&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#91;CC&#93; e dobras cut&#226;neas &#123;usadas para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal &#8211; PBF&#125;&#41; foram aferidas com procedimentos-padr&#227;o&#46; A HAS foi classificada em press&#227;o arterial normal-alta ou hipertens&#227;o para valores entre os percentis 90 e 95 ou acima do percentil 95&#44; respectivamente&#46; Um &#237;ndice de adiposidade foi estimado por meio da an&#225;lise de componentes principais com o uso de IMC&#44; CC e BFP&#46; Modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multinomial foram usados para estimar a magnitude da associa&#231;&#227;o entre indicadores de adiposidade e HAS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As preval&#234;ncias de press&#227;o arterial normal-alta e hipertens&#227;o foram de 4&#44;5 e 3&#44;7&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; A HAS foi positivamente correlacionada com todos os indicadores de adiposidade &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01 para todos&#41;&#46; HAS foi significativamente maior em meninas do que em meninos e foi positivamente associada com o aumento dos indicadores antropom&#233;tricos de adiposidade&#44; especialmente entre as meninas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O aumento da gordura corporal pode predizer HAS&#46; Assim&#44; o uso de indicadores antropom&#233;tricos para adiposidade pode ser &#250;til na triagem de HAS em escolares portugueses&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blood pressure classified by age&#44; gender and height according to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis&#44; Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BFP&#58; body fat percentage&#59; BP&#58; blood pressure&#59; PA&#58; physical activity&#59; PE&#58; physical education&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; WC&#58; waist circumference&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">High-normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1427 &#40;91&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70 &#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Child characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">720 &#40;93&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">707 &#40;90&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44 &#40;5&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;58 &#40;1&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;57 &#40;1&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;29 &#40;1&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weight status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1035 &#40;93&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 &#40;3&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;2&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">302 &#40;89&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;4&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obese&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90 &#40;77&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;8&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1091 &#40;94&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">332 &#40;85&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;6&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BFP</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1118 &#40;93&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 &#40;3&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">303 &#40;85&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Parent characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Paternal excess weight</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">454 &#40;92&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">755 &#40;91&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Maternal excess weight</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">952 &#40;93&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">383 &#40;88&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;5&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Child lifestyle-related behaviors</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PE classes at school</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1314 &#40;91&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110 &#40;90&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;3&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;6&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PA outside school</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">846 &#40;93&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;2&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">549 &#40;89&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PA outside school &#40;h&#47;day&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1st tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">540 &#40;90&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2nd tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">397 &#40;91&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3rd tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">490 &#40;94&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time watching TV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 h&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">970 &#40;93&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;2 h&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">329 &#40;89&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;6&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TV in the child&#39;s bedroom</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">534 &#40;90&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;4&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">817 &#40;93&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of schoolchildren &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1555&#59; 6-9 years old&#41; according to the prevalence of high blood pressure&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01 for all correlations&#46; Adjusted for gender&#44; age&#44; and height percentile&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The adiposity index was computed by averaging the normalized values of BMI&#44; WC&#44; and BFP by principal component analysis&#46;</p><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BFP&#58; body fat percentage&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; BP&#58; blood pressure&#59; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#59; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#59; WC&#58; waist circumference&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">BP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anthropometric indicators</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">WC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BFP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adiposity index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Partial correlation coefficient between anthropometric indicators and measures of systolic and diastolic pressures among schoolchildren &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1555&#59; 6-9 years old&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blood pressure classified by age&#44; gender and height according to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis&#44; Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The multinomial logistic regression model was stratified by gender and adjusted for age and height percentile&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The group with normal blood pressure was the reference category for the high blood pressure groups&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anthropometric indicators</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Males</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Females</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High-normal BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertension</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High-normal BP</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hypertension</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weight status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;34 &#40;0&#46;88-6&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;26 &#40;0&#46;40-3&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;28 &#40;0&#46;60-2&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;43 &#40;1&#46;08-5&#46;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;13 &#40;2&#46;03-18&#46;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;40 &#40;0&#46;87-13&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;25 &#40;1&#46;84-9&#46;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;26 &#40;1&#46;95-14&#46;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;14 &#40;1&#46;30-7&#46;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;51 &#40;0&#46;96-6&#46;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;36 &#40;1&#46;19-4&#46;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;47 &#40;1&#46;63-7&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BFP</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;75th percentile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;06 &#40;1&#46;27-7&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;56 &#40;0&#46;99-6&#46;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;83 &#40;1&#46;48-5&#46;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;29 &#40;1&#46;08-4&#46;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Adiposity index</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;69 &#40;1&#46;15-2&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;82 &#40;1&#46;15-2&#46;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;67 &#40;1&#46;20-2&#46;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;03 &#40;1&#46;41-2&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Maternal excess weight</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;54 &#40;0&#46;62-3&#46;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;28 &#40;0&#46;51-3&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;33 &#40;0&#46;68-2&#46;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;23 &#40;1&#46;55-6&#46;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PA outside school</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2nd tertile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension among Portuguese schoolchildren estimated with multinomial regression models &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1555&#59; 6-9 years old&#41;&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "References"
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Article information

ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2017.09.016

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	5	2	7
2024 October	50	39	89
2024 September	41	30	71
2024 August	49	31	80
2024 July	51	36	87
2024 June	37	23	60
2024 May	39	18	57
2024 April	30	28	58
2024 March	28	28	56
2024 February	39	19	58
2024 January	24	21	45
2023 December	56	24	80
2023 November	36	30	66
2023 October	31	21	52
2023 September	19	19	38
2023 August	26	15	41
2023 July	19	18	37
2023 June	31	17	48
2023 May	37	24	61
2023 April	33	5	38
2023 March	38	15	53
2023 February	35	16	51
2023 January	19	21	40
2022 December	55	16	71
2022 November	50	30	80
2022 October	58	28	86
2022 September	21	36	57
2022 August	17	24	41
2022 July	33	43	76
2022 June	22	30	52
2022 May	22	37	59
2022 April	35	34	69
2022 March	30	47	77
2022 February	31	44	75
2022 January	22	29	51
2021 December	26	38	64
2021 November	42	31	73
2021 October	37	54	91
2021 September	24	34	58
2021 August	28	19	47
2021 July	13	22	35
2021 June	29	31	60
2021 May	38	40	78
2021 April	44	100	144
2021 March	62	16	78
2021 February	44	17	61
2021 January	67	13	80
2020 December	51	12	63
2020 November	40	19	59
2020 October	39	13	52
2020 September	45	8	53
2020 August	37	10	47
2020 July	46	12	58
2020 June	32	11	43
2020 May	57	9	66
2020 April	42	11	53
2020 March	33	15	48
2020 February	58	39	97
2020 January	27	8	35
2019 December	42	7	49
2019 November	24	10	34
2019 October	23	5	28
2019 September	38	9	47
2019 August	20	1	21
2019 July	31	5	36
2019 June	46	24	70
2019 May	23	11	34
2019 April	32	18	50
2019 March	22	11	33
2019 February	31	6	37
2019 January	89	10	99
2018 December	83	11	94
2018 November	38	11	49
2018 October	72	22	94
2018 September	16	12	28
2018 August	36	7	43
2018 July	18	6	24
2018 June	35	8	43
2018 May	36	13	49

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