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    "titulo" => "Comment on&#58; &#8220;Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease&#58; Three-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 2 Trial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41;</span>&#8221;"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec1005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect1030">Abstract</span><p id="par1020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span></span> Previous studies found that percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PCI&#41; does not improve outcome compared with medical therapy &#40;MT&#41; in patients with stable coronary artery disease&#44; but PCI was guided by angiography alone&#46; FAME 2 trial &#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41; compared PCI guided by fractional flow reserve with best MT in patients with stable coronary artery disease to assess clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness&#46;</p><p id="par2020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span></span> A total of 888 patients with stable single-vessel or multivessel coronary artery disease with reduced fractional flow reserve were randomly assigned to PCI plus MT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>447&#41; or MT alone &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>441&#41;&#46; Major adverse cardiac events included death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; and urgent revascularization&#46; Costs were calculated on the basis of resource use and Medicare reimbursement rates&#46; Changes in quality-adjusted life-years were assessed with utilities determined by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions health survey at baseline and over follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par3020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span></span> Major adverse cardiac events at 3 years were significantly lower in the PCI group compared with the MT group &#40;10&#46;1&#37; versus 22&#46;0&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; primarily as a result of a lower rate of urgent revascularization &#40;4&#46;3&#37; versus 17&#46;2&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Death and myocardial infarction were numerically lower in the PCI group &#40;8&#46;3&#37; versus 10&#46;4&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;28&#41;&#46; Angina was significantly less severe in the PCI group at all follow-up points to 3 years&#46; Mean initial costs were higher in the PCI group &#40;&#36;9944 versus &#36;4440&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; but by 3 years were similar between the 2 groups &#40;&#36;16 792 versus &#36;16 737&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&#41;&#46; The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for PCI compared with MT was &#36;17 300 per quality-adjusted life-year at 2 years and &#36;1600 per quality-adjusted life-year at 3 years&#46; The above findings were robust in sensitivity analyses&#46;</p><p id="par4020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span></span> PCI of lesions with reduced fractional flow reserve improves long-term outcome and is economically attractive compared with MT alone in patients with stable coronary artery disease&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb1005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Coment&#225;rio</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional no tratamento da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O tratamento da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel tem como objetivos essenciais melhorar os sintomas do doente e&#47;ou prolongar a sobrevida e assenta em dois pilares principais&#44; a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica e a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#46; A capacidade da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o aliviar os sintomas &#40;e&#47;ou permitir o seu controlo com menos f&#225;rmacos anti-isqu&#233;micos&#41; &#233; bem reconhecida e facilmente percet&#237;vel na nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46; No entanto&#44; o seu impacto no progn&#243;stico dos doentes depende de se conseguir reverter &#225;reas extensas de isquemia&#44; da&#237; a import&#226;ncia de ser realizada orientada por exames de documenta&#231;&#227;o de isquemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Esta avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional deveria idealmente ser obtida de modo n&#227;o invasivo previamente &#224; referencia&#231;&#227;o do doente para cateterismo card&#237;aco&#44; mas na pr&#225;tica clinica com frequ&#234;ncia os doentes s&#227;o referenciados para coronariografia sem exames de isquemia ou com exames duvidosos e inconsistentes com a doen&#231;a objetivada na coronariografia e&#47;ou que n&#227;o permitem a localiza&#231;&#227;o da isquemia&#44; como &#233; o caso da prova de esfor&#231;o&#46; &#201; aqui que se insere a relev&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional no laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica&#44; que tem vindo a ser cada vez mais adotada nos &#250;ltimos anos para decidir e guiar a estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; sendo v&#225;rios os trabalhos que validaram esta estrat&#233;gia&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; ao permitir diferir com seguran&#231;a a interven&#231;&#227;o em les&#245;es n&#227;o significativas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; mesmo a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; reclassificar a gravidade e numero de les&#245;es &#40;SYNTAX funcional&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> e com frequ&#234;ncia levar a uma mudan&#231;a de estrat&#233;gia na sala<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Este &#250;ltimo aspeto foi bem ilustrado pelo registo nacional multic&#234;ntrico POST-IT que incluiu 918 doentes de 19 centros nacionais&#44; sendo que em 44&#37; dos casos o resultado do FFR alterou a estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pensada inicialmente e baseada apenas na angiografia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; &#201; assim no &#226;mbito da fisiologia coron&#225;ria que se insere o artigo recomendado do m&#234;s&#44; no qual os autores descrevem os resultados a 3 anos do importante estudo FAME-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados e relev&#226;ncia clinica do presente estudo</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo FAME-2 incluiu 888 doentes com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel em 28 centros dos EUA e Europa&#44; aleatorizados ap&#243;s coronariografia para angioplastia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica otimizada em les&#245;es funcionalmente significativas &#40;FFR&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;80&#41;&#46; O estudo foi precocemente interrompido por uma clara superioridade do grupo da interven&#231;&#227;o na ocorr&#234;ncia do evento composto de morte&#44; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o urgente&#44; tendo esses resultados inicias sido publicados em 2012 no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">New England Journal of Medicine</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; No presente trabalho os autores descrevem os resultados a tr&#234;s anos do estudo&#44; tendo-se mantido a diferen&#231;a significativa na taxa de eventos entre os dois grupos &#40;10&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 22&#44;0&#37;&#41; a favor do grupo submetido a angioplastia de les&#245;es funcionalmente significativas&#46; &#192; semelhan&#231;a do que j&#225; tinha sido observado inicialmente&#44; a grande diferen&#231;a no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> composto resulta de uma muito menor taxa de revasculariza&#231;&#245;es urgentes &#40;4&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 17&#44;2&#37;&#41; no seguimento&#44; com redu&#231;&#245;es menos expressivas no evento combinado de morte&#47;enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio &#40;8&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 10&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Como seria de esperar&#44; os doentes no grupo da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o tiveram menos angina no seguimento&#44; o que se refletiu nos question&#225;rios de qualidade de vida feitos aos doentes na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal e aos 3 anos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Analise custo-efic&#225;cia das duas estrat&#233;gias</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma an&#225;lise adicional interessante do presente estudo prende-se com a avalia&#231;&#227;o concomitante custo-efic&#225;cia da estrat&#233;gia de angioplastia orientada por avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional&#44; um aspeto cada vez mais importante em Medicina e j&#225; anteriormente alvo de an&#225;lise em trabalhos de avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; A estrat&#233;gia inicialmente mais cara de interven&#231;&#227;o &#40;ainda mais com o custo acrescido do fio guia de press&#227;o gasto no procedimento&#41;&#44; com um custo inicial de quase o dobro por compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de doentes submetidos apenas a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica&#44; acaba por se equilibrar aos tr&#234;s anos de seguimento com valores sobrepon&#237;veis de custo-efic&#225;cia para as duas estrat&#233;gias&#46; Assim&#44; os autores devem ser felicitados por terem conseguido demonstrar que a angioplastia orientada por avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional numa popula&#231;&#227;o com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel re&#250;ne as caracter&#237;sticas mais desejadas de ambos os mundos &#8211; obter uma redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares por compara&#231;&#227;o com a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica isolada sem se acompanhar de uma subida significativa na vertente dos custos&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa realidade Portuguesa&#44; assumindo os valores francamente mais baixos da angioplastia por compara&#231;&#227;o com os pa&#237;ses de refer&#234;ncia da Europa e Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica onde foram inclu&#237;dos os doentes deste estudo&#44; poder&#237;amos antecipar que estes resultados poderiam ainda ser mais favor&#225;veis &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; vale a pena recordar duas limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo que dever&#227;o ser tidas em conta ao se tentar transpor os resultados para a nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46; Em primeiro lugar&#44; o estudo foi interrompido prematuramente por evid&#234;ncia de superioridade no grupo da interven&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que pode ter contribu&#237;do para exagerar as diferen&#231;as entre os dois grupos&#46; Este fen&#243;meno tem vindo a ser analisado e ficou bem documentado numa extensa meta-an&#225;lise envolvendo 94 estudos aleatorizados que foram parados precocemente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Em segundo lugar&#44; o evento que sofreu maior redu&#231;&#227;o no bra&#231;o na interven&#231;&#227;o guiada por FFR foi o das revasculariza&#231;&#245;es urgentes&#44; sendo que a decis&#227;o para a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o subsequente poder&#225; ter sido naturalmente influenciada pelo conhecimento da presen&#231;a de estenoses funcionalmente significativas que ficaram por tratar no grupo de doentes aleatorizados para o grupo da terap&#234;utica medica otimizada&#46; Apesar destas limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; trata-se de um importante estudo que deveria influenciar a nossa pr&#225;tica clinica di&#225;ria e contribuir para a maior ado&#231;&#227;o desta ferramenta&#44; ainda subutilizada nos laborat&#243;rios de hemodin&#226;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span></span>"
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par1080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">William F&#46; Fearon&#44; Takeshi Nishi&#44; Bernard De Bruyne&#44; Derek B&#46; Boothroyd&#44; Emanuele Barbato&#44; Pim Tonino&#44; Peter J&#252;ni&#44; Nico H&#46; J&#46; Pijls&#44; Mark A&#46; Hlatky&#44; for the FAME 2 Trial Investigators&#46; Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease&#58; Three-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 2 Trial &#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41;&#46; Circulation AHA 117&#46;031907</p></span>"
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Recommended Article of the Month
Comment on: “Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Three-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 2 Trial (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation)
Comentário a: «Resultados clínicos e de custo-eficácia da intervenção coronária percutânea guiada por reserva de fluxo coronário em doentes com doença coronária estável: seguimento a três anos do estudo FAME-2 (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation)»
Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
Member of the Editorial Board of Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, CHLO, Lisboa, Portugal
Centro Cardiovascular, Hospital da Luz, Luz-Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
CEDOC, Nova Medical School, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
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        "titulo" => "Coment&#225;rio a&#58; &#171;Resultados cl&#237;nicos e de custo-efic&#225;cia da interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea guiada por reserva de fluxo coron&#225;rio em doentes com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel&#58; seguimento a tr&#234;s anos do estudo FAME-2 &#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41;&#187;"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec1005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect1030">Abstract</span><p id="par1020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span></span> Previous studies found that percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PCI&#41; does not improve outcome compared with medical therapy &#40;MT&#41; in patients with stable coronary artery disease&#44; but PCI was guided by angiography alone&#46; FAME 2 trial &#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41; compared PCI guided by fractional flow reserve with best MT in patients with stable coronary artery disease to assess clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness&#46;</p><p id="par2020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span></span> A total of 888 patients with stable single-vessel or multivessel coronary artery disease with reduced fractional flow reserve were randomly assigned to PCI plus MT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>447&#41; or MT alone &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>441&#41;&#46; Major adverse cardiac events included death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; and urgent revascularization&#46; Costs were calculated on the basis of resource use and Medicare reimbursement rates&#46; Changes in quality-adjusted life-years were assessed with utilities determined by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions health survey at baseline and over follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par3020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span></span> Major adverse cardiac events at 3 years were significantly lower in the PCI group compared with the MT group &#40;10&#46;1&#37; versus 22&#46;0&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; primarily as a result of a lower rate of urgent revascularization &#40;4&#46;3&#37; versus 17&#46;2&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Death and myocardial infarction were numerically lower in the PCI group &#40;8&#46;3&#37; versus 10&#46;4&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;28&#41;&#46; Angina was significantly less severe in the PCI group at all follow-up points to 3 years&#46; Mean initial costs were higher in the PCI group &#40;&#36;9944 versus &#36;4440&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; but by 3 years were similar between the 2 groups &#40;&#36;16 792 versus &#36;16 737&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&#41;&#46; The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for PCI compared with MT was &#36;17 300 per quality-adjusted life-year at 2 years and &#36;1600 per quality-adjusted life-year at 3 years&#46; The above findings were robust in sensitivity analyses&#46;</p><p id="par4020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span></span> PCI of lesions with reduced fractional flow reserve improves long-term outcome and is economically attractive compared with MT alone in patients with stable coronary artery disease&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb1005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Coment&#225;rio</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional no tratamento da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O tratamento da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel tem como objetivos essenciais melhorar os sintomas do doente e&#47;ou prolongar a sobrevida e assenta em dois pilares principais&#44; a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica e a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#46; A capacidade da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o aliviar os sintomas &#40;e&#47;ou permitir o seu controlo com menos f&#225;rmacos anti-isqu&#233;micos&#41; &#233; bem reconhecida e facilmente percet&#237;vel na nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46; No entanto&#44; o seu impacto no progn&#243;stico dos doentes depende de se conseguir reverter &#225;reas extensas de isquemia&#44; da&#237; a import&#226;ncia de ser realizada orientada por exames de documenta&#231;&#227;o de isquemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Esta avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional deveria idealmente ser obtida de modo n&#227;o invasivo previamente &#224; referencia&#231;&#227;o do doente para cateterismo card&#237;aco&#44; mas na pr&#225;tica clinica com frequ&#234;ncia os doentes s&#227;o referenciados para coronariografia sem exames de isquemia ou com exames duvidosos e inconsistentes com a doen&#231;a objetivada na coronariografia e&#47;ou que n&#227;o permitem a localiza&#231;&#227;o da isquemia&#44; como &#233; o caso da prova de esfor&#231;o&#46; &#201; aqui que se insere a relev&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional no laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica&#44; que tem vindo a ser cada vez mais adotada nos &#250;ltimos anos para decidir e guiar a estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o&#44; sendo v&#225;rios os trabalhos que validaram esta estrat&#233;gia&#44; n&#227;o s&#243; ao permitir diferir com seguran&#231;a a interven&#231;&#227;o em les&#245;es n&#227;o significativas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; mesmo a longo prazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; reclassificar a gravidade e numero de les&#245;es &#40;SYNTAX funcional&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> e com frequ&#234;ncia levar a uma mudan&#231;a de estrat&#233;gia na sala<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Este &#250;ltimo aspeto foi bem ilustrado pelo registo nacional multic&#234;ntrico POST-IT que incluiu 918 doentes de 19 centros nacionais&#44; sendo que em 44&#37; dos casos o resultado do FFR alterou a estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pensada inicialmente e baseada apenas na angiografia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; &#201; assim no &#226;mbito da fisiologia coron&#225;ria que se insere o artigo recomendado do m&#234;s&#44; no qual os autores descrevem os resultados a 3 anos do importante estudo FAME-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados e relev&#226;ncia clinica do presente estudo</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo FAME-2 incluiu 888 doentes com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel em 28 centros dos EUA e Europa&#44; aleatorizados ap&#243;s coronariografia para angioplastia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica otimizada em les&#245;es funcionalmente significativas &#40;FFR&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;80&#41;&#46; O estudo foi precocemente interrompido por uma clara superioridade do grupo da interven&#231;&#227;o na ocorr&#234;ncia do evento composto de morte&#44; enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o urgente&#44; tendo esses resultados inicias sido publicados em 2012 no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">New England Journal of Medicine</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; No presente trabalho os autores descrevem os resultados a tr&#234;s anos do estudo&#44; tendo-se mantido a diferen&#231;a significativa na taxa de eventos entre os dois grupos &#40;10&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 22&#44;0&#37;&#41; a favor do grupo submetido a angioplastia de les&#245;es funcionalmente significativas&#46; &#192; semelhan&#231;a do que j&#225; tinha sido observado inicialmente&#44; a grande diferen&#231;a no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> composto resulta de uma muito menor taxa de revasculariza&#231;&#245;es urgentes &#40;4&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 17&#44;2&#37;&#41; no seguimento&#44; com redu&#231;&#245;es menos expressivas no evento combinado de morte&#47;enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio &#40;8&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 10&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Como seria de esperar&#44; os doentes no grupo da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o tiveram menos angina no seguimento&#44; o que se refletiu nos question&#225;rios de qualidade de vida feitos aos doentes na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal e aos 3 anos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Analise custo-efic&#225;cia das duas estrat&#233;gias</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma an&#225;lise adicional interessante do presente estudo prende-se com a avalia&#231;&#227;o concomitante custo-efic&#225;cia da estrat&#233;gia de angioplastia orientada por avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional&#44; um aspeto cada vez mais importante em Medicina e j&#225; anteriormente alvo de an&#225;lise em trabalhos de avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; A estrat&#233;gia inicialmente mais cara de interven&#231;&#227;o &#40;ainda mais com o custo acrescido do fio guia de press&#227;o gasto no procedimento&#41;&#44; com um custo inicial de quase o dobro por compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de doentes submetidos apenas a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica&#44; acaba por se equilibrar aos tr&#234;s anos de seguimento com valores sobrepon&#237;veis de custo-efic&#225;cia para as duas estrat&#233;gias&#46; Assim&#44; os autores devem ser felicitados por terem conseguido demonstrar que a angioplastia orientada por avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional numa popula&#231;&#227;o com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel re&#250;ne as caracter&#237;sticas mais desejadas de ambos os mundos &#8211; obter uma redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares por compara&#231;&#227;o com a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica isolada sem se acompanhar de uma subida significativa na vertente dos custos&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa realidade Portuguesa&#44; assumindo os valores francamente mais baixos da angioplastia por compara&#231;&#227;o com os pa&#237;ses de refer&#234;ncia da Europa e Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica onde foram inclu&#237;dos os doentes deste estudo&#44; poder&#237;amos antecipar que estes resultados poderiam ainda ser mais favor&#225;veis &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; vale a pena recordar duas limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo que dever&#227;o ser tidas em conta ao se tentar transpor os resultados para a nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46; Em primeiro lugar&#44; o estudo foi interrompido prematuramente por evid&#234;ncia de superioridade no grupo da interven&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que pode ter contribu&#237;do para exagerar as diferen&#231;as entre os dois grupos&#46; Este fen&#243;meno tem vindo a ser analisado e ficou bem documentado numa extensa meta-an&#225;lise envolvendo 94 estudos aleatorizados que foram parados precocemente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Em segundo lugar&#44; o evento que sofreu maior redu&#231;&#227;o no bra&#231;o na interven&#231;&#227;o guiada por FFR foi o das revasculariza&#231;&#245;es urgentes&#44; sendo que a decis&#227;o para a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o subsequente poder&#225; ter sido naturalmente influenciada pelo conhecimento da presen&#231;a de estenoses funcionalmente significativas que ficaram por tratar no grupo de doentes aleatorizados para o grupo da terap&#234;utica medica otimizada&#46; Apesar destas limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; trata-se de um importante estudo que deveria influenciar a nossa pr&#225;tica clinica di&#225;ria e contribuir para a maior ado&#231;&#227;o desta ferramenta&#44; ainda subutilizada nos laborat&#243;rios de hemodin&#226;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span></span>"
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par1080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">William F&#46; Fearon&#44; Takeshi Nishi&#44; Bernard De Bruyne&#44; Derek B&#46; Boothroyd&#44; Emanuele Barbato&#44; Pim Tonino&#44; Peter J&#252;ni&#44; Nico H&#46; J&#46; Pijls&#44; Mark A&#46; Hlatky&#44; for the FAME 2 Trial Investigators&#46; Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease&#58; Three-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 2 Trial &#40;Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation&#41;&#46; Circulation AHA 117&#46;031907</p></span>"
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                      "titulo" => "Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve on Management Decision and 1-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes&#58; PRIME-FFR &#40;Insights From the POST-IT &#91;Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease&#93; and R3F &#91;French FFR Registry&#93; Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR &#91;Fractional Flow Reserve&#93; in Routine Practice&#41;"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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