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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;You learn from mistakes&#44; but success gives you the courage to go ahead and do it further&#8221; &#8211; C Barnard</span>&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">December 3&#44; 1967&#46; Exactly fifty years ago&#46; The world was stunned by the news that the first successful heart transplantation had been performed at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town&#44; South Africa&#44; by a then little known surgeon&#44; Christiaan Neethling Barnard&#46; The heart of a young woman&#44; Denise Darvall&#44; who was overrun by a car in a city&#44; was implanted in the chest of a 54-year old patient dying of end-stage heart failure&#44; Louis Washkansky&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I was then a 4th medical school student in the neighboring Mozambique and&#44; when I saw the newspapers&#8217; titles&#44; I thought the impossible had been done&#33; Scientifically&#44; this milestone was first described in an article published by the end of the month &#40;December 30&#41; in the South African Medical Journal under the title of &#8220;The Operation&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Barnard&#39;s deed was hailed by many as one of the greatest triumphs in modern medicine&#44; also because it had a significant impact in other solid organ transplantations&#46; Perhaps the most important medical contribution of Prof&#46; Barnard was his courage to proceed with the transplant of a human heart at a time when other surgeons who&#44; having relentless pursued experimental and animal work&#44; hesitated to be the first to do it on a human being&#46; And his prowess was criticized by some of those who did not dare&#46; The unavailability of a clear definition of death deterred many who were afraid of making the jump&#44; especially in the United States&#44; where Barnard had learned and practice the technique of transplantation&#46; It is worth noting that this event occurred before the Harvard Criteria of Brain Death was developed in 1968&#46; Still today&#44; it is not known whether Denise&#39;s heart had had its last beat when removed&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the patient survived only 18 days&#44; this feat was a milestone in a new field of life-extending surgery&#46; Prof Barnard&#39;s second heart transplantation was performed less than one month after the first&#44; on January 2&#44; 1968&#46; The patient&#44; a dentist named Philip Blaiberg&#44; survived 594 days after the operation&#44; the longest survivor of the first series of patients submitted to the procedure&#46; 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the heart transplant operation became standard&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prof&#46; Barnard turned into an international superstar overnight and was celebrated around the world for his daring accomplishment&#46; &#8220;On Saturday&#44; I was a surgeon in South Africa&#44; very little known&#59; on Monday&#44; I was world renown&#46;&#8221; That&#39;s how he recalled the events in December of 1967&#46; Having been multiple times cover of the most important international magazines&#44; he never denied that his new fame pleased him and once said that &#8220;any man who says he does not like applause and recognition is a fool or a liar&#8221;&#33;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Often considered as a spoilt and arrogant personality&#44; Prof Barnard was nonetheless kind and considerate&#46; Soon after the first transplant&#44; I&#44; then a simple fourth-year medical student in a different country&#44; as mentioned above&#44; wrote him a letter &#40;there was no e-mail&#33;&#41; with four questions about the ethical and legal problems arising from heart transplantation&#44; which were the theme of a dissertation I had to present to my faculty&#46; To my delight and the surprise of many around me&#44; I received a personal letter from him&#44; answering my questions&#44; one by one&#46; Despite the instantaneous fame&#44; he cared&#46; When I first met him personally&#44; 13 years later&#44; he still remembered this episode&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prof Chris Barnard died in Cyprus&#44; where he was on holiday&#44; on September 2&#44; 2001&#44; shortly before he was to complete 79 years of life&#46; Ironically&#44; faulted by the organ which was the objective of his professional life&#46; I was lucky to get acquainted with him during my professional passage through South Africa and a friendship later developed&#46; He visited me in the Department in Coimbra in the early 90&#39;s &#40;Figure&#41;&#46; The first human heart transplantation probably influenced my own choice of a professional career&#46; Like many others&#8217;&#46; I believe that he was a great surgeon and a fine personality&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 50th anniversary of the first heart transplantation was solemnly celebrated in a scientific event held in Cape Town from 2-4 December&#46; I was there&#44; among more than one hundred other cardiac surgeons from around the world&#44; including many pioneers&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Naturally&#44; he was the central &#8220;star&#8221;&#44; but we all missed him very much&#33;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Editorial
“The Operation”, half a century later
«A operação», meio século mais tarde
Manuel J. Antunes
Centre of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;You learn from mistakes&#44; but success gives you the courage to go ahead and do it further&#8221; &#8211; C Barnard</span>&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">December 3&#44; 1967&#46; Exactly fifty years ago&#46; The world was stunned by the news that the first successful heart transplantation had been performed at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town&#44; South Africa&#44; by a then little known surgeon&#44; Christiaan Neethling Barnard&#46; The heart of a young woman&#44; Denise Darvall&#44; who was overrun by a car in a city&#44; was implanted in the chest of a 54-year old patient dying of end-stage heart failure&#44; Louis Washkansky&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I was then a 4th medical school student in the neighboring Mozambique and&#44; when I saw the newspapers&#8217; titles&#44; I thought the impossible had been done&#33; Scientifically&#44; this milestone was first described in an article published by the end of the month &#40;December 30&#41; in the South African Medical Journal under the title of &#8220;The Operation&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Barnard&#39;s deed was hailed by many as one of the greatest triumphs in modern medicine&#44; also because it had a significant impact in other solid organ transplantations&#46; Perhaps the most important medical contribution of Prof&#46; Barnard was his courage to proceed with the transplant of a human heart at a time when other surgeons who&#44; having relentless pursued experimental and animal work&#44; hesitated to be the first to do it on a human being&#46; And his prowess was criticized by some of those who did not dare&#46; The unavailability of a clear definition of death deterred many who were afraid of making the jump&#44; especially in the United States&#44; where Barnard had learned and practice the technique of transplantation&#46; It is worth noting that this event occurred before the Harvard Criteria of Brain Death was developed in 1968&#46; Still today&#44; it is not known whether Denise&#39;s heart had had its last beat when removed&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the patient survived only 18 days&#44; this feat was a milestone in a new field of life-extending surgery&#46; Prof Barnard&#39;s second heart transplantation was performed less than one month after the first&#44; on January 2&#44; 1968&#46; The patient&#44; a dentist named Philip Blaiberg&#44; survived 594 days after the operation&#44; the longest survivor of the first series of patients submitted to the procedure&#46; Barnard was later to be also the first to perform a heterotopic heart transplant&#44; an operation that he devised himself&#46; Forty-nine consecutive heterotopic heart transplants were performed in Cape Town between 1975 and 1984&#46; He was also the first one to attempt xenograft transplantation in a human patient&#44; as a desperate attempt to save the life of a young girl he could not get off the cardio-pulmonary bypass pump after a redo aortic valve replacement&#46; He was later accused of wrongdoing by her parents&#33;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Barnard&#39;s first successful operation was immediately followed by many surgeons around the world&#46; And when most&#44; disillusioned by the poor results&#44; gave up cardiac transplantation&#44; he and only a couple of other surgeons pursued their efforts&#44; until the advent of Cyclosporin&#44; in the 1980&#39;s&#44; helped resuscitating this operation throughout the world&#46; Only then&#44; and with the additional experience&#44; the heart transplant operation became standard&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prof&#46; Barnard turned into an international superstar overnight and was celebrated around the world for his daring accomplishment&#46; &#8220;On Saturday&#44; I was a surgeon in South Africa&#44; very little known&#59; on Monday&#44; I was world renown&#46;&#8221; That&#39;s how he recalled the events in December of 1967&#46; Having been multiple times cover of the most important international magazines&#44; he never denied that his new fame pleased him and once said that &#8220;any man who says he does not like applause and recognition is a fool or a liar&#8221;&#33;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Often considered as a spoilt and arrogant personality&#44; Prof Barnard was nonetheless kind and considerate&#46; Soon after the first transplant&#44; I&#44; then a simple fourth-year medical student in a different country&#44; as mentioned above&#44; wrote him a letter &#40;there was no e-mail&#33;&#41; with four questions about the ethical and legal problems arising from heart transplantation&#44; which were the theme of a dissertation I had to present to my faculty&#46; To my delight and the surprise of many around me&#44; I received a personal letter from him&#44; answering my questions&#44; one by one&#46; Despite the instantaneous fame&#44; he cared&#46; When I first met him personally&#44; 13 years later&#44; he still remembered this episode&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prof Chris Barnard died in Cyprus&#44; where he was on holiday&#44; on September 2&#44; 2001&#44; shortly before he was to complete 79 years of life&#46; Ironically&#44; faulted by the organ which was the objective of his professional life&#46; I was lucky to get acquainted with him during my professional passage through South Africa and a friendship later developed&#46; He visited me in the Department in Coimbra in the early 90&#39;s &#40;Figure&#41;&#46; The first human heart transplantation probably influenced my own choice of a professional career&#46; Like many others&#8217;&#46; I believe that he was a great surgeon and a fine personality&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 50th anniversary of the first heart transplantation was solemnly celebrated in a scientific event held in Cape Town from 2-4 December&#46; I was there&#44; among more than one hundred other cardiac surgeons from around the world&#44; including many pioneers&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Naturally&#44; he was the central &#8220;star&#8221;&#44; but we all missed him very much&#33;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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