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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span> Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin&#8211;kexin type 9 &#40;PCSK9&#41; and lowers low&#8208;density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; cholesterol levels by approximately 60&#37;&#46; Whether it prevents cardiovascular events is uncertain&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> We conducted a randomized&#44; double&#8208;blind&#44; placebo&#8208;controlled trial involving 27&#44;564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;1&#46;8 mmol per liter&#41; or higher who were receiving statin therapy&#46; Patients were randomly assigned to receive evolocumab &#40;either 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg every 2 weeks or 420<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg monthly&#41; or matching placebo as subcutaneous injections&#46; The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; stroke&#44; hospitalization for unstable angina&#44; or coronary revascularization&#46; The key secondary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; or stroke&#46; The median duration of follow&#8208;up was 2&#46;2 years&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> At 48 weeks&#44; the least&#8208;squares mean percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab&#44; as compared with placebo&#44; was 59&#37;&#44; from a median baseline value of 92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;2&#46;4 mmol per liter&#41; to 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;0&#46;78 mmol per liter&#41; &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Relative to placebo&#44; evolocumab treatment significantly reduced the risk of the primary end point &#40;1344 patients &#91;9&#46;8&#37;&#93; vs&#46; 1563 patients &#91;11&#46;3&#37;&#93;&#59; hazard ratio&#44; 0&#46;85&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#44; 0&#46;79 to 0&#46;92&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and the key secondary end point &#40;816 &#91;5&#46;9&#37;&#93; vs&#46; 1013 &#91;7&#46;4&#37;&#93;&#59; hazard ratio&#44; 0&#46;80&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;73 to 0&#46;88&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The results were consistent across key subgroups&#44; including the subgroup of patients in the lowest quartile for baseline LDL cholesterol levels &#40;median&#44; 74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#91;1&#46;9 mmol per liter&#93;&#41;&#46; There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to adverse events &#40;including new&#8208;onset diabetes and neurocognitive events&#41;&#44; with the exception of injection&#8208;site reactions&#44; which were more common with evolocumab &#40;2&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> In our trial&#44; inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;0&#46;78 mmol per liter&#41; and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events&#46; These findings show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from lowering of LDL cholesterol levels below current targets&#46; &#40;Funded by Amgen&#59; FOURIER ClinicalTrials&#46;gov number&#44; NCT01764633&#46;&#41;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">&#171;Esmagar&#187; o colesterol&#8208;LDL com os inibidores PCSK9&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better</span>&#8230;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde que os inibidores da pr&#243;&#8208;prote&#237;na convertase subtilisina&#47;kexina tipo 9 &#40;PCSK9&#41; surgiram&#44; h&#225; v&#225;rias d&#250;vidas que pairam na comunidade m&#233;dica&#58; ser&#225; que a redu&#231;&#227;o marcada no valor de colesterol&#8208;lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#40;C&#8208;LDL&#41; com os novos inibidores de PCSK9 tem repercuss&#245;es cl&#237;nicas para al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o do valor de C&#8208;LDL&#63; Ser&#225; que reduzem o n&#250;mero de eventos em doentes com manifesta&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#63; Ser&#225; que&#44; depois do estudo IMPROVE&#8208;IT&#44; temos aqui mais um argumento para manter o conceito que come&#231;ou com os estudos com estatinas &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better</span>&#187;&#63; Ser&#225; que estes f&#225;rmacos comprovam a sua seguran&#231;a num estudo de grandes dimens&#245;es&#63; Ser&#225; que reduzem a mortalidade&#63;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram estas algumas das d&#250;vidas que levaram a um estudo conduzido por Marc Sabatine e outros investigadores&#58; estudo FOURIER&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde a descoberta&#44; em 2003&#44; de que uma muta&#231;&#227;o no gene que codifica a PCSK9 provocava uma doen&#231;a autoss&#243;mica dominante que se caracterizava por uma hipercolesterolemia grave&#44; que se seguiram v&#225;rias iniciativas de investiga&#231;&#227;o desta via de inibi&#231;&#227;o das PCSK9&#46; Os resultados de estudos cl&#237;nicos com os primeiros inibidores mostraram redu&#231;&#245;es no valor de C&#8208;LDL&#44; na ordem dos 60&#37;&#44; mas com a vantagem de serem aditivos aos das estatinas&#44; e sem efeitos secund&#225;rios relevantes&#44; tal como a miopatia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo FOURIER &#233; um estudo que envolveu mais de 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 doentes com manifesta&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica e valores de C&#8208;LDL de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl ou superiores&#44; em terap&#234;utica com estatinas&#46; Os doentes foram aleatorizados para receberem evolocumab &#40;140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg cada duas semanas&#44; ou 420<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg por m&#234;s&#41; ou placebo &#40;em inje&#231;&#245;es subcut&#226;neas&#41;&#44; de forma duplamente cega&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio era composto por mortalidade cardiovascular&#44; enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; acidente vascular cerebral&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria&#46; Ap&#243;s uma dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 2&#44;2 anos de seguimento&#44; os doentes tratados com evolocumab tiveram menos eventos cardiovasculares&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o relativa de 15&#37; no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio e de 20&#37; no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> secund&#225;rio&#46; Do ponto de vista da seguran&#231;a&#44; n&#227;o se registaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre o grupo evolocumab e o grupo placebo&#44; nomeadamente nos novos casos de diabetes&#44; na deteriora&#231;&#227;o neurocognitiva&#44; ou na miopatia&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isto chama&#8208;nos&#44; mais uma vez&#44; a aten&#231;&#227;o para os valores&#8208;alvo de C&#8208;LDL e para o desajuste relativo das recomenda&#231;&#245;es europeias revistas em 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; que mantiveram o valor de C&#8208;LDL de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg para os doentes de muito alto risco&#44; apesar dos sinais de estudos pr&#233;vios como IMPROVE&#8208;IT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; cujos resultados estariam de acordo com uma estrat&#233;gia mais agressiva na redu&#231;&#227;o do C&#8208;LDL&#44; para al&#233;m dos 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; Outro aspeto interessante neste estudo tem a ver com as carater&#237;sticas basais&#44; com doentes muito jovens &#40;m&#233;dia de 62 anos&#41; e um ter&#231;o dos doentes medicados com estatinas de moderada&#47;baixa intensidade&#44; apesar de serem doentes de muito elevado risco&#46; Ser&#225; que faz sentido continuarmos a usar estatinas com um efeito modesto na redu&#231;&#227;o do C&#8208;LDL&#63; A redu&#231;&#227;o &#40;esperada&#41; de 60&#37; do C&#8208;LDL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on top</span> do alcan&#231;ado com estatinas&#44; para valores m&#233;dios de 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; tamb&#233;m se revelou segura&#44; muito embora tenhamos que ter aqui uma palavra de prud&#234;ncia dado o curto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> deste estudo&#46; De qualquer modo&#44; temos j&#225; alguma evid&#234;ncia que valores C&#8208;LDL muito baixos&#44; por exemplo por polimorfismos gen&#233;ticos da PCSK9&#44; s&#227;o perfeitamente seguros a longo prazo e levam a uma redu&#231;&#227;o marcada do risco de eventos aterotromb&#243;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; podemos tamb&#233;m ver alguns pontos menos positivos na an&#225;lise dos resultados deste estudo&#58; n&#227;o se verifica nenhum impacto na mortalidade com evolocumab&#44; neste grupo de doentes de elevado risco em que 80&#37; j&#225; tinham tido um enfarte pr&#233;vio&#44; e tamb&#233;m a modesta redu&#231;&#227;o de risco &#40;em valor absoluto&#41; que se observa no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio&#44; ou seja&#44; de apenas 1&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspeto que tamb&#233;m merece a nossa reflex&#227;o &#233; seguramente o pre&#231;o destes novos f&#225;rmacos&#44; pois&#44; neste momento&#44; s&#227;o incompat&#237;veis com um uso mais generalizado e&#44; por isso&#44; s&#227;o importantes dados de f&#225;rmaco&#8208;economia e de custo&#8208;efetividade desta classe terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De qualquer modo&#44; ap&#243;s este estudo com evolocumab associado a estatinas&#44; podemos afirmar que temos uma nova arma terap&#234;utica&#44; provando que para al&#233;m de &#171;esmagar&#187; o C&#8208;LDL&#44; tamb&#233;m reduz eventos cardiovasculares&#44; afirmando mais uma vez a m&#225;xima relativamente ao C&#8208;LDL&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better&#8230;</span></p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O autor declara n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Recommended Article of the Month
Comment on “Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Comentário a «Evolocumab e eventos clínicos em doentes com doenças cardiovasculares (estudo FOURIER)»
Marco Costa
Membro do Corpo Redatorial da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Background&#58;</span> Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin&#8211;kexin type 9 &#40;PCSK9&#41; and lowers low&#8208;density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; cholesterol levels by approximately 60&#37;&#46; Whether it prevents cardiovascular events is uncertain&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Methods&#58;</span> We conducted a randomized&#44; double&#8208;blind&#44; placebo&#8208;controlled trial involving 27&#44;564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;1&#46;8 mmol per liter&#41; or higher who were receiving statin therapy&#46; Patients were randomly assigned to receive evolocumab &#40;either 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg every 2 weeks or 420<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg monthly&#41; or matching placebo as subcutaneous injections&#46; The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; stroke&#44; hospitalization for unstable angina&#44; or coronary revascularization&#46; The key secondary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; or stroke&#46; The median duration of follow&#8208;up was 2&#46;2 years&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58;</span> At 48 weeks&#44; the least&#8208;squares mean percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab&#44; as compared with placebo&#44; was 59&#37;&#44; from a median baseline value of 92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;2&#46;4 mmol per liter&#41; to 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;0&#46;78 mmol per liter&#41; &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Relative to placebo&#44; evolocumab treatment significantly reduced the risk of the primary end point &#40;1344 patients &#91;9&#46;8&#37;&#93; vs&#46; 1563 patients &#91;11&#46;3&#37;&#93;&#59; hazard ratio&#44; 0&#46;85&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#44; 0&#46;79 to 0&#46;92&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and the key secondary end point &#40;816 &#91;5&#46;9&#37;&#93; vs&#46; 1013 &#91;7&#46;4&#37;&#93;&#59; hazard ratio&#44; 0&#46;80&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;73 to 0&#46;88&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The results were consistent across key subgroups&#44; including the subgroup of patients in the lowest quartile for baseline LDL cholesterol levels &#40;median&#44; 74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#91;1&#46;9 mmol per liter&#93;&#41;&#46; There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to adverse events &#40;including new&#8208;onset diabetes and neurocognitive events&#41;&#44; with the exception of injection&#8208;site reactions&#44; which were more common with evolocumab &#40;2&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58;</span> In our trial&#44; inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per deciliter &#40;0&#46;78 mmol per liter&#41; and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events&#46; These findings show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from lowering of LDL cholesterol levels below current targets&#46; &#40;Funded by Amgen&#59; FOURIER ClinicalTrials&#46;gov number&#44; NCT01764633&#46;&#41;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">&#171;Esmagar&#187; o colesterol&#8208;LDL com os inibidores PCSK9&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better</span>&#8230;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde que os inibidores da pr&#243;&#8208;prote&#237;na convertase subtilisina&#47;kexina tipo 9 &#40;PCSK9&#41; surgiram&#44; h&#225; v&#225;rias d&#250;vidas que pairam na comunidade m&#233;dica&#58; ser&#225; que a redu&#231;&#227;o marcada no valor de colesterol&#8208;lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#40;C&#8208;LDL&#41; com os novos inibidores de PCSK9 tem repercuss&#245;es cl&#237;nicas para al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o do valor de C&#8208;LDL&#63; Ser&#225; que reduzem o n&#250;mero de eventos em doentes com manifesta&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#63; Ser&#225; que&#44; depois do estudo IMPROVE&#8208;IT&#44; temos aqui mais um argumento para manter o conceito que come&#231;ou com os estudos com estatinas &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better</span>&#187;&#63; Ser&#225; que estes f&#225;rmacos comprovam a sua seguran&#231;a num estudo de grandes dimens&#245;es&#63; Ser&#225; que reduzem a mortalidade&#63;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram estas algumas das d&#250;vidas que levaram a um estudo conduzido por Marc Sabatine e outros investigadores&#58; estudo FOURIER&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde a descoberta&#44; em 2003&#44; de que uma muta&#231;&#227;o no gene que codifica a PCSK9 provocava uma doen&#231;a autoss&#243;mica dominante que se caracterizava por uma hipercolesterolemia grave&#44; que se seguiram v&#225;rias iniciativas de investiga&#231;&#227;o desta via de inibi&#231;&#227;o das PCSK9&#46; Os resultados de estudos cl&#237;nicos com os primeiros inibidores mostraram redu&#231;&#245;es no valor de C&#8208;LDL&#44; na ordem dos 60&#37;&#44; mas com a vantagem de serem aditivos aos das estatinas&#44; e sem efeitos secund&#225;rios relevantes&#44; tal como a miopatia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo FOURIER &#233; um estudo que envolveu mais de 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 doentes com manifesta&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica e valores de C&#8208;LDL de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl ou superiores&#44; em terap&#234;utica com estatinas&#46; Os doentes foram aleatorizados para receberem evolocumab &#40;140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg cada duas semanas&#44; ou 420<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg por m&#234;s&#41; ou placebo &#40;em inje&#231;&#245;es subcut&#226;neas&#41;&#44; de forma duplamente cega&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio era composto por mortalidade cardiovascular&#44; enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; acidente vascular cerebral&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria&#46; Ap&#243;s uma dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 2&#44;2 anos de seguimento&#44; os doentes tratados com evolocumab tiveram menos eventos cardiovasculares&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o relativa de 15&#37; no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio e de 20&#37; no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> secund&#225;rio&#46; Do ponto de vista da seguran&#231;a&#44; n&#227;o se registaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre o grupo evolocumab e o grupo placebo&#44; nomeadamente nos novos casos de diabetes&#44; na deteriora&#231;&#227;o neurocognitiva&#44; ou na miopatia&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isto chama&#8208;nos&#44; mais uma vez&#44; a aten&#231;&#227;o para os valores&#8208;alvo de C&#8208;LDL e para o desajuste relativo das recomenda&#231;&#245;es europeias revistas em 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; que mantiveram o valor de C&#8208;LDL de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg para os doentes de muito alto risco&#44; apesar dos sinais de estudos pr&#233;vios como IMPROVE&#8208;IT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; cujos resultados estariam de acordo com uma estrat&#233;gia mais agressiva na redu&#231;&#227;o do C&#8208;LDL&#44; para al&#233;m dos 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; Outro aspeto interessante neste estudo tem a ver com as carater&#237;sticas basais&#44; com doentes muito jovens &#40;m&#233;dia de 62 anos&#41; e um ter&#231;o dos doentes medicados com estatinas de moderada&#47;baixa intensidade&#44; apesar de serem doentes de muito elevado risco&#46; Ser&#225; que faz sentido continuarmos a usar estatinas com um efeito modesto na redu&#231;&#227;o do C&#8208;LDL&#63; A redu&#231;&#227;o &#40;esperada&#41; de 60&#37; do C&#8208;LDL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on top</span> do alcan&#231;ado com estatinas&#44; para valores m&#233;dios de 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; tamb&#233;m se revelou segura&#44; muito embora tenhamos que ter aqui uma palavra de prud&#234;ncia dado o curto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> deste estudo&#46; De qualquer modo&#44; temos j&#225; alguma evid&#234;ncia que valores C&#8208;LDL muito baixos&#44; por exemplo por polimorfismos gen&#233;ticos da PCSK9&#44; s&#227;o perfeitamente seguros a longo prazo e levam a uma redu&#231;&#227;o marcada do risco de eventos aterotromb&#243;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado&#44; podemos tamb&#233;m ver alguns pontos menos positivos na an&#225;lise dos resultados deste estudo&#58; n&#227;o se verifica nenhum impacto na mortalidade com evolocumab&#44; neste grupo de doentes de elevado risco em que 80&#37; j&#225; tinham tido um enfarte pr&#233;vio&#44; e tamb&#233;m a modesta redu&#231;&#227;o de risco &#40;em valor absoluto&#41; que se observa no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">endpoint</span> prim&#225;rio&#44; ou seja&#44; de apenas 1&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspeto que tamb&#233;m merece a nossa reflex&#227;o &#233; seguramente o pre&#231;o destes novos f&#225;rmacos&#44; pois&#44; neste momento&#44; s&#227;o incompat&#237;veis com um uso mais generalizado e&#44; por isso&#44; s&#227;o importantes dados de f&#225;rmaco&#8208;economia e de custo&#8208;efetividade desta classe terap&#234;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De qualquer modo&#44; ap&#243;s este estudo com evolocumab associado a estatinas&#44; podemos afirmar que temos uma nova arma terap&#234;utica&#44; provando que para al&#233;m de &#171;esmagar&#187; o C&#8208;LDL&#44; tamb&#233;m reduz eventos cardiovasculares&#44; afirmando mais uma vez a m&#225;xima relativamente ao C&#8208;LDL&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the lower the better&#8230;</span></p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O autor declara n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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