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em diversos cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; aporta v&#225;rias vantagens&#58; &#233; sens&#237;vel&#44; preciso e aplic&#225;vel praticamente em todos os indiv&#237;duos e contextos&#44; quer em ambiente hospitalar&#44; quer fora dele&#46; Associadamente&#44; &#233; de f&#225;cil aprendizagem e de r&#225;pida execu&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; econ&#243;mico e n&#227;o implica radia&#231;&#245;es&#46; No entanto&#44; as vantagens inerentes ao seu uso ter&#227;o de ter em conta o contexto cl&#237;nico&#44; as possibilidades existentes&#44; o que se pretende diagnosticar e&#47;ou monitorizar e o conhecimento das limita&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O artigo de Eugenio Picano e Patricia Pellikka<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; objeto deste coment&#225;rio&#44; &#233; uma revis&#227;o interessante e muito objetiva sobre esta t&#233;cnica&#44; a qual&#44; na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada&#44; 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a USP tem outras potencialidades de aplica&#231;&#227;o em contextos diversos e at&#233; invulgares&#46; Em ambiente exterior &#8211; e recolhendo&#8208;se informa&#231;&#227;o das linhas B com dispositivos de bolso em apenas quatro regi&#245;es da parede anterior do t&#243;rax &#8211;&#44; pode avaliar&#8208;se o aparecimento de congest&#227;o pulmonar &#40;em repouso ou com o exerc&#237;cio&#41; em situa&#231;&#245;es de extremos fisiol&#243;gicos &#40;ex&#46; altitudes elevadas ou atividade de mergulho profundo em apneia&#41;&#44; mantendo&#8208;se em aberto um vasto horizonte de aplica&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As linhas B&#44; usadas por profissionais treinados &#40;sendo o treino f&#225;cil&#41; e principalmente &#171;avisados&#187; &#8211; em termos de enquadramento cl&#237;nico e do que se espera ou pretende obter deste sinal ultrassonogr&#225;fico pulmonar &#8211;&#44; s&#227;o realmente&#44; como referido por Picano E&#46; 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Recommended article of the Month
Comment on “Ultrasound of extravascular lung water: a new standard for pulmonary congestion”
Comentário a «Ultrassonografia para avaliação de água extravascular pulmonar: um novo standard de congestão pulmonar»
Dulce Britoa,b,
Corresponding author
dulcebrito59@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
a Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
b Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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or a white lung pattern &#40;alveolar pulmonary oedema&#41; with coalescing B&#8208;lines&#46; The number and spatial extent of B&#8208;lines on the antero&#8208;lateral chest allows a semi&#8208;quantitative estimation of EVLW &#40;from absent&#44; &#8804;5&#44; to severe pulmonary oedema&#44; &#62;30 B&#8208;lines&#41;&#46; Wet B&#8208;lines are made by water and decreased by diuretics&#44; which cannot modify dry B&#8208;lines made by connective tissue&#46; B&#8208;lines can be evaluated anywhere &#40;including extreme environmental conditions with pocket size instruments to detect high&#8208;altitude pulmonary oedema&#41;&#44; anytime &#40;during dialysis to titrate intervention&#41;&#44; by anyone &#40;even a novice sonographer after 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h training&#41;&#44; and on anybody &#40;since the chest acoustic window usually remains patent when echocardiography is not feasible&#41;&#46; Cardiologists can achieve much diagnostic gain with little investment of technology&#44; training&#44; and time&#46; B&#8208;lines represent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8216;the shape of lung water&#8217;</span>&#46; They allow non&#8208;invasive detection&#44; in real time&#44; of even sub&#8208;clinical forms of pulmonary oedema with a low cost&#44; radiation&#8208;free approach&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Coment&#225;rio</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A exist&#234;ncia de congest&#227;o pulmonar caracteriza a grande maioria das situa&#231;&#245;es de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;IC&#41; que necessitam de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o&#44; independentemente da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o estar reduzida ou preservada&#46; O diagn&#243;stico precoce da presen&#231;a de congest&#227;o &#8211; a qual pode ser de instala&#231;&#227;o gradual&#44; precedendo v&#225;rios dias ou at&#233; semanas a sua evid&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica &#8211; e o tratamento eficaz da mesma&#44; s&#227;o fatores&#8208;chave no doente com IC&#44; com impacto favor&#225;vel no progn&#243;stico da s&#237;ndrome&#44; evitando &#40;re&#41;hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e diminuindo a mortalidade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o&#44; por ultrassonografia pulmonar &#40;USP&#41;&#44; da presen&#231;a&#47;acumula&#231;&#227;o de &#225;gua no espa&#231;o extravascular pulmonar &#8211; identificando e quantificando as chamadas linhas B &#8211; &#233; um m&#233;todo de diagn&#243;stico da presen&#231;a de congest&#227;o&#44; alternativo aos j&#225; existentes &#40;e que incluem na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica mais frequentemente a ausculta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e a radiografia do t&#243;rax&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de congest&#227;o pulmonar por USP&#44; em diversos cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; aporta v&#225;rias vantagens&#58; &#233; sens&#237;vel&#44; preciso e aplic&#225;vel praticamente em todos os indiv&#237;duos e contextos&#44; quer em ambiente hospitalar&#44; quer fora dele&#46; Associadamente&#44; &#233; de f&#225;cil aprendizagem e de r&#225;pida execu&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; econ&#243;mico e n&#227;o implica radia&#231;&#245;es&#46; No entanto&#44; as vantagens inerentes ao seu uso ter&#227;o de ter em conta o contexto cl&#237;nico&#44; as possibilidades existentes&#44; o que se pretende diagnosticar e&#47;ou monitorizar e o conhecimento das limita&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O artigo de Eugenio Picano e Patricia Pellikka<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; objeto deste coment&#225;rio&#44; &#233; uma revis&#227;o interessante e muito objetiva sobre esta t&#233;cnica&#44; a qual&#44; na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada&#44; foi adquirindo um lugar de relevo&#44; quer em situa&#231;&#245;es comuns&#44; quer em contextos invulgares&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No doente com dispneia aguda&#44; o exame &#233; &#250;til para a identifica&#231;&#227;o da origem card&#237;aca da mesma&#44; tendo mostrado sensibilidade e especificidade elevadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; A USP pode assim complementar o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">work&#8208;up</span> inicial de diagn&#243;stico no doente com suspeita de IC aguda&#44; constituindo uma extens&#227;o &#250;til ao ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Da mesma forma que o valor dos pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos &#233; particularmente importante como teste de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rule&#8208;out</span> no diagn&#243;stico de IC&#44; na minha perspetiva a presen&#231;a de linhas B em n&#250;mero suficiente poder&#225; eventualmente no futuro ser considerada um crit&#233;rio de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rule&#8208;in</span> em termos de diagn&#243;stico de IC&#44; naturalmente em contexto cl&#237;nico adequado&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; apesar da sua utilidade no diagn&#243;stico de &#171;congest&#227;o&#187;&#44; a t&#233;cnica tem limita&#231;&#245;es reconhecidas&#44; sendo a maior a baixa especificidade das linhas B&#44; visto que as mesmas n&#227;o s&#227;o espec&#237;ficas de &#171;edema&#187;&#44; podendo tamb&#233;m traduzir outros fen&#243;menos intersticiais como inflama&#231;&#227;o ou fibrose&#44; sendo ent&#227;o o diagn&#243;stico diferencial mais dif&#237;cil e muito dependente do doente em causa&#44; do contexto cl&#237;nico e da presen&#231;a de comorbilidades&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para l&#225; da sua aplica&#231;&#227;o em ambiente controlado hospitalar &#8211; mais frequentemente no apoio ao manejo do equil&#237;brio vol&#233;mico no doente com IC ou choque cardiog&#233;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> &#8211;&#44; a USP tem outras potencialidades de aplica&#231;&#227;o em contextos diversos e at&#233; invulgares&#46; Em ambiente exterior &#8211; e recolhendo&#8208;se informa&#231;&#227;o das linhas B com dispositivos de bolso em apenas quatro regi&#245;es da parede anterior do t&#243;rax &#8211;&#44; pode avaliar&#8208;se o aparecimento de congest&#227;o pulmonar &#40;em repouso ou com o exerc&#237;cio&#41; em situa&#231;&#245;es de extremos fisiol&#243;gicos &#40;ex&#46; altitudes elevadas ou atividade de mergulho profundo em apneia&#41;&#44; mantendo&#8208;se em aberto um vasto horizonte de aplica&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As linhas B&#44; usadas por profissionais treinados &#40;sendo o treino f&#225;cil&#41; e principalmente &#171;avisados&#187; &#8211; em termos de enquadramento cl&#237;nico e do que se espera ou pretende obter deste sinal ultrassonogr&#225;fico pulmonar &#8211;&#44; s&#227;o realmente&#44; como referido por Picano E&#46; e Pellikka PA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; um grande ganho diagn&#243;stico a muito baixo &#171;custo&#187; a todos os n&#237;veis&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um artigo de revis&#227;o a merecer especial aten&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A autora declara n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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