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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article &#8220;Cardiac rehabilitation in Portugal&#58; results from the 2013-14 national survey&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> by members of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology&#39;s Working Group on Exercise Physiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation&#44; published in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>&#44; reports the results of the most recent survey on cardiac rehabilitation &#40;CR&#41; in Portugal&#46; It is an important contribution to Portuguese cardiology&#44; calling attention to an intervention that&#44; although still underused&#44; produces good results and is indeed classified as a class I indication&#44; level of evidence A&#44; in the most recent European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the survey show that there was considerable growth over the previous six years&#44; the number of patients in phase II CR programs nearly tripling &#40;from 638 in 2007 to 1927 in 2013&#41;&#44; following the opening of six public and three private centers&#44; which treated 427 and 85 more patients&#44; respectively&#46; There was a significant difference between the mean number of patients treated in phase II programs in public centers &#8211; 165 &#40;minimum 6&#44; maximum 636&#41; &#8211; and private centers &#40;minimum 6&#44; maximum 67&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the conclusion of the latest survey four more centers have begun offering CR programs in the Lisbon region&#46; Three are in public hospitals &#40;Garcia da Orta in Almada and Pulido Valente and Santa Cruz in Lisbon&#41;&#44; offering phase I and phase II programs&#44; while the Center for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation of the University of Lisbon&#44; which opened in May 2016&#44; offers phase III programs&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite this significant progress&#44; which is laudable&#44; there is still a long way to go&#44; since in 2013 only 8&#37; of patients with myocardial infarction were referred for CR programs in Portugal&#44; which is well below the 30-50&#37; seen in other European countries&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are also serious shortcomings in referrals for more recent indications for CR&#44; including heart failure and following percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac surgery&#44; for which referral rates in Portugal are much lower than in some European countries&#44; the USA and Australia&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several reasons for Portugal&#39;s slow progress in CR&#44; including the fact that exercise plays little part in Portuguese culture&#44; which affects both patients and health professionals&#59; a lack of specific training among health workers in the value of exercise in general and cardiac rehabilitation in particular as part of the treatment for various diseases&#59; and a shortage of funds and facilities for CR programs&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although Portuguese cardiology has reached European standards in almost all areas&#44; this is not the case for CR&#44; which is well below European levels&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The small number of centers offering CR in Portugal means that the full potential of the functional improvements that can result from costly interventions such as percutaneous valve replacement&#44; implantation of resynchronization devices and cardiac surgery&#44; as well as the benefits of complex therapeutic regimens like those prescribed for heart failure or following acute coronary syndrome&#44; cannot be realized&#46; It also makes it difficult to implement long-term secondary prevention measures to ensure that the benefits of such interventions will be maintained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides the limited number of centers offering CR&#44; there is also considerable asymmetry in their geographical distribution&#44; with not a single public center in Minho&#44; Tr&#225;s-os-Montes&#44; Beiras &#40;including in the university hospitals of Coimbra&#41;&#44; Ribatejo&#44; Alentejo or the islands&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Access to CR programs is crucial and there is an urgent need for a geographically balanced network of public centers&#46; Patients tend not to attend programs that require traveling more than 30 km&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> and motivation&#44; affordability and compatible schedules are also important&#46; Home-based programs may go some way to overcoming these obstacles&#44; possibly using new technologies such as remote monitoring&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> to help patients with problems in traveling to and from a CR center&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients&#8217; motivation needs to be strengthened by their family doctors and cardiologists&#44; who should encourage participation by emphasizing the benefits of the program and pointing out that the disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles that the program can help to modify&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increasing the availability of CR programs in Portugal will require the creation of teams made up of cardiologists&#44; physiatrists&#44; psychiatrists or psychologists&#44; exercise physiologists&#44; nutritionists&#44; and others&#46; The current training offered in these areas on university courses does not provide sufficient knowledge or experience to work in CR&#46; The Portuguese Societies of Cardiology and of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine have accordingly been proposing for several years that the Portuguese Order of Physicians establish a qualification for physicians working in CR&#44; to be attributed following demonstration of appropriate theoretical knowledge and an internship of at least six months in a suitable center&#46; This would be a first step to integrating this activity into a subspecialty in cardiovascular prevention and exercise aimed at CR&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funding of CR programs is another barrier to be overcome&#46; Without adequate funding it will be impossible to increase patient participation&#44; particularly for those in the lower socioeconomic brackets &#40;who probably need it most&#41;&#44; or to encourage greater commitment on the part of hospital administrations and physicians&#46; Funding of CR is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the national health system for public centers offering phase I or II programs&#44; and of medical subsystems&#44; insurers and patients themselves for private centers offering phase II or III programs and maintenance programs following discharge from a public center&#46; There is currently no convention between the Ministry of Health and private centers&#59; such a convention would go a long way to meeting needs in areas where the services provided by public centers are inadequate&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the need for greater funding&#44; there needs to be more diversity in funding sources&#44; depending on the program phase and the patient&#39;s employment status&#46; The Ministry of Health should &#40;directly or via conventions with private centers&#41; pay the costs of phase I and II programs for all patients except those in employment&#44; whose treatment should be funded by the Social Security system&#44; since it is in the interests of the latter that patients should recover fully and return to work as soon as possible after an acute clinical event&#46; For phase III or maintenance programs&#44; patients themselves &#8211; who by this stage should be aware of what they need to do &#8211; should take responsibility for their own care and for the costs associated with maintaining a healthy lifestyle&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If CR is to be further developed in Portugal&#44; official bodies must take the lead&#44; recognizing its clinical and economic value and acting in alliance with scientific societies and medical associations&#46; The process of designating a hospital as a referral center in cardiology now includes the requirement that the center offer a CR program&#44; which demonstrates that the Ministry of Health recognizes the value of CR in reinforcing the benefits of the costly specialized interventions performed in these centers&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I believe that the growing awareness of the importance of CR among policy-makers&#44; physicians and patients will soon lead to an increase in the number of programs available for patients with common conditions such as myocardial infarction&#44; as well as those recovering from cardiac surgery&#44; for whom CR provides clinical&#44; economic and social benefits&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Cardiac rehabilitation in Portugal: The situation in 2013-2014
Reabilitação cardíaca em Portugal. Ponto da situação em 2013-2014
Miguel Mendes
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article &#8220;Cardiac rehabilitation in Portugal&#58; results from the 2013-14 national survey&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> by members of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology&#39;s Working Group on Exercise Physiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation&#44; published in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span>&#44; reports the results of the most recent survey on cardiac rehabilitation &#40;CR&#41; in Portugal&#46; It is an important contribution to Portuguese cardiology&#44; calling attention to an intervention that&#44; although still underused&#44; produces good results and is indeed classified as a class I indication&#44; level of evidence A&#44; in the most recent European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the survey show that there was considerable growth over the previous six years&#44; the number of patients in phase II CR programs nearly tripling &#40;from 638 in 2007 to 1927 in 2013&#41;&#44; following the opening of six public and three private centers&#44; which treated 427 and 85 more patients&#44; respectively&#46; There was a significant difference between the mean number of patients treated in phase II programs in public centers &#8211; 165 &#40;minimum 6&#44; maximum 636&#41; &#8211; and private centers &#40;minimum 6&#44; maximum 67&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the conclusion of the latest survey four more centers have begun offering CR programs in the Lisbon region&#46; Three are in public hospitals &#40;Garcia da Orta in Almada and Pulido Valente and Santa Cruz in Lisbon&#41;&#44; offering phase I and phase II programs&#44; while the Center for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation of the University of Lisbon&#44; which opened in May 2016&#44; offers phase III programs&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite this significant progress&#44; which is laudable&#44; there is still a long way to go&#44; since in 2013 only 8&#37; of patients with myocardial infarction were referred for CR programs in Portugal&#44; which is well below the 30-50&#37; seen in other European countries&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are also serious shortcomings in referrals for more recent indications for CR&#44; including heart failure and following percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac surgery&#44; for which referral rates in Portugal are much lower than in some European countries&#44; the USA and Australia&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several reasons for Portugal&#39;s slow progress in CR&#44; including the fact that exercise plays little part in Portuguese culture&#44; which affects both patients and health professionals&#59; a lack of specific training among health workers in the value of exercise in general and cardiac rehabilitation in particular as part of the treatment for various diseases&#59; and a shortage of funds and facilities for CR programs&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although Portuguese cardiology has reached European standards in almost all areas&#44; this is not the case for CR&#44; which is well below European levels&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The small number of centers offering CR in Portugal means that the full potential of the functional improvements that can result from costly interventions such as percutaneous valve replacement&#44; implantation of resynchronization devices and cardiac surgery&#44; as well as the benefits of complex therapeutic regimens like those prescribed for heart failure or following acute coronary syndrome&#44; cannot be realized&#46; It also makes it difficult to implement long-term secondary prevention measures to ensure that the benefits of such interventions will be maintained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides the limited number of centers offering CR&#44; there is also considerable asymmetry in their geographical distribution&#44; with not a single public center in Minho&#44; Tr&#225;s-os-Montes&#44; Beiras &#40;including in the university hospitals of Coimbra&#41;&#44; Ribatejo&#44; Alentejo or the islands&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Access to CR programs is crucial and there is an urgent need for a geographically balanced network of public centers&#46; Patients tend not to attend programs that require traveling more than 30 km&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> and motivation&#44; affordability and compatible schedules are also important&#46; Home-based programs may go some way to overcoming these obstacles&#44; possibly using new technologies such as remote monitoring&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> to help patients with problems in traveling to and from a CR center&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients&#8217; motivation needs to be strengthened by their family doctors and cardiologists&#44; who should encourage participation by emphasizing the benefits of the program and pointing out that the disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles that the program can help to modify&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increasing the availability of CR programs in Portugal will require the creation of teams made up of cardiologists&#44; physiatrists&#44; psychiatrists or psychologists&#44; exercise physiologists&#44; nutritionists&#44; and others&#46; The current training offered in these areas on university courses does not provide sufficient knowledge or experience to work in CR&#46; The Portuguese Societies of Cardiology and of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine have accordingly been proposing for several years that the Portuguese Order of Physicians establish a qualification for physicians working in CR&#44; to be attributed following demonstration of appropriate theoretical knowledge and an internship of at least six months in a suitable center&#46; This would be a first step to integrating this activity into a subspecialty in cardiovascular prevention and exercise aimed at CR&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funding of CR programs is another barrier to be overcome&#46; Without adequate funding it will be impossible to increase patient participation&#44; particularly for those in the lower socioeconomic brackets &#40;who probably need it most&#41;&#44; or to encourage greater commitment on the part of hospital administrations and physicians&#46; Funding of CR is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the national health system for public centers offering phase I or II programs&#44; and of medical subsystems&#44; insurers and patients themselves for private centers offering phase II or III programs and maintenance programs following discharge from a public center&#46; There is currently no convention between the Ministry of Health and private centers&#59; such a convention would go a long way to meeting needs in areas where the services provided by public centers are inadequate&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the need for greater funding&#44; there needs to be more diversity in funding sources&#44; depending on the program phase and the patient&#39;s employment status&#46; The Ministry of Health should &#40;directly or via conventions with private centers&#41; pay the costs of phase I and II programs for all patients except those in employment&#44; whose treatment should be funded by the Social Security system&#44; since it is in the interests of the latter that patients should recover fully and return to work as soon as possible after an acute clinical event&#46; For phase III or maintenance programs&#44; patients themselves &#8211; who by this stage should be aware of what they need to do &#8211; should take responsibility for their own care and for the costs associated with maintaining a healthy lifestyle&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If CR is to be further developed in Portugal&#44; official bodies must take the lead&#44; recognizing its clinical and economic value and acting in alliance with scientific societies and medical associations&#46; The process of designating a hospital as a referral center in cardiology now includes the requirement that the center offer a CR program&#44; which demonstrates that the Ministry of Health recognizes the value of CR in reinforcing the benefits of the costly specialized interventions performed in these centers&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I believe that the growing awareness of the importance of CR among policy-makers&#44; physicians and patients will soon lead to an increase in the number of programs available for patients with common conditions such as myocardial infarction&#44; as well as those recovering from cardiac surgery&#44; for whom CR provides clinical&#44; economic and social benefits&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21742049
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.repce.2016.10.004
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