Editorial comment
One small step for exosomes, one giant leap for Kawasaki disease
Um pequeno passo para os exossomas, um salto gigante para a doença de Kawasaki
Henrique Girão
CNC.IBILI, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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hipereosinofílica – visão da análise de movimentos do coração e dos grandes vasos por ecocardiografia tridimensional <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">speckle tracking</span> em casos patológicos – estudo MAGYAR-Path" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1311 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 231731 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Images from three-dimensional full-volume dataset showing left atrium: apical 4-chamber (A) and 2-chamber views (B) and short-axis views at basal (C3), mid- (C5) and superior (C7) left atrial level are demonstrated together with left atrial volumetric data and a three-dimensional cast of the left atrium. 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This intercellular communication can occur directly between adjacent cells, through connexin-containing channels called gap junctions, or indirectly at long distances, via extracellular vesicles that mediate the transport of biomolecules between cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to their origin and size, extracellular vesicles can be divided into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. Exosomes are formed when organelles of the endocytic pathway named multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and release the intraluminal vesicles into the extracellular space. The secreted exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids characteristic of the cells from which they originate, thus mirroring the biological status of the producing cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Since they can be easily detected in various biological fluids such as blood, urine, amniotic fluid and saliva, exosomes have emerged as potent diagnostic and prognostic tools. After their release, exosomes can be taken up by recipient cells, where they can elicit a cell response that may involve changes in cell function and behavior.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Considerable enthusiasm has been aroused concerning exosomes due to the fact that these vesicles may constitute promising targets in terms of identification of new human disease biomarkers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> For this, precise characterization of exosome content is of utmost importance, in order to establish reliable biological markers. Furthermore, exosomes can be considered as carriers of biological information, facilitating the transfer of molecules and signals between distant cells located in different organs and tissues. Therefore fine-tuned regulation of exosome-mediated communication is vital to ensure the organism's homeostasis. Disturbance of these mechanisms can contribute to the dissemination and propagation of harmful signals throughout the body, leading to morbidities and pathologies associated with syndromes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study by Jia et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> in this issue of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal</span> identified the protein profile of exosomes isolated from the blood of patients with coronary artery dilatation due to Kawasaki disease, the commonest childhood cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The authors found that the content of exosomes isolated from patients with Kawasaki disease differs from those from healthy controls in 38 proteins. Most of these proteins are involved in the inflammation and coagulation cascades, in agreement with the pathophysiology of the disease, which causes general inflammation of the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries. Since early and accurate diagnosis of the disease is vital for successful therapeutic intervention, the present study makes an important contribution to the fight against Kawasaki disease. Although the results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients, they are very promising, as they may pave the way for the development of more effective strategies to detect Kawasaki disease in its initial stages.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ischaemia-induced autophagy leads to degradation of gap junction protein connexin43 in cardiomyocytes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2024 October | 28 | 23 | 51 |
| 2024 September | 38 | 27 | 65 |
| 2024 August | 34 | 35 | 69 |
| 2024 July | 33 | 31 | 64 |
| 2024 June | 25 | 20 | 45 |
| 2024 May | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2024 April | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2024 March | 30 | 27 | 57 |
| 2024 February | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2024 January | 33 | 25 | 58 |
| 2023 December | 48 | 26 | 74 |
| 2023 November | 30 | 25 | 55 |
| 2023 October | 19 | 13 | 32 |
| 2023 September | 13 | 23 | 36 |
| 2023 August | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2023 July | 29 | 12 | 41 |
| 2023 June | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2023 May | 27 | 21 | 48 |
| 2023 April | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2023 March | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2023 February | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2023 January | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2022 November | 28 | 25 | 53 |
| 2022 October | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2022 September | 19 | 23 | 42 |
| 2022 August | 23 | 33 | 56 |
| 2022 July | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2022 June | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2022 May | 18 | 35 | 53 |
| 2022 April | 21 | 18 | 39 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2022 February | 21 | 27 | 48 |
| 2022 January | 16 | 22 | 38 |
| 2021 December | 20 | 27 | 47 |
| 2021 November | 27 | 36 | 63 |
| 2021 October | 28 | 39 | 67 |
| 2021 September | 25 | 28 | 53 |
| 2021 August | 27 | 31 | 58 |
| 2021 July | 25 | 39 | 64 |
| 2021 June | 20 | 15 | 35 |
| 2021 May | 27 | 32 | 59 |
| 2021 April | 28 | 14 | 42 |
| 2021 March | 52 | 17 | 69 |
| 2021 February | 38 | 14 | 52 |
| 2021 January | 35 | 13 | 48 |
| 2020 December | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2020 November | 28 | 17 | 45 |
| 2020 October | 13 | 11 | 24 |
| 2020 September | 50 | 13 | 63 |
| 2020 August | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2020 July | 35 | 13 | 48 |
| 2020 June | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2020 May | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2020 April | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2020 March | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2020 February | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2020 January | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2019 December | 26 | 4 | 30 |
| 2019 November | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2019 October | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2019 September | 22 | 9 | 31 |
| 2019 August | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 22 | 14 | 36 |
| 2019 June | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2019 May | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| 2019 April | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2019 March | 24 | 19 | 43 |
| 2019 February | 48 | 8 | 56 |
| 2019 January | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2018 December | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2018 November | 85 | 6 | 91 |
| 2018 October | 154 | 14 | 168 |
| 2018 September | 36 | 18 | 54 |
| 2018 August | 32 | 9 | 41 |
| 2018 July | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2018 June | 30 | 9 | 39 |
| 2018 May | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2018 April | 39 | 2 | 41 |
| 2018 March | 44 | 13 | 57 |
| 2018 February | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2018 January | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2017 December | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2017 November | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2017 October | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2017 September | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2017 August | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2017 June | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2017 May | 26 | 15 | 41 |
| 2017 April | 6 | 15 | 21 |
| 2017 March | 28 | 38 | 66 |
| 2017 February | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2017 January | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2016 December | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2016 November | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2016 October | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2016 September | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2016 July | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2016 June | 14 | 16 | 30 |
| 2016 May | 8 | 13 | 21 |
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